Dr. Daniel Steudler
Swiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 2
Table of Content Table of Content
¾¾ Switzerland and its Cadastral SystemSwitzerland and its Cadastral System
¾
¾ Land-Land-Use Planning AspectsUse Planning Aspects
¾
¾ National and Cantonal Geodata National and Cantonal Geodata Infrastructure
Infrastructure
¾¾ Examples of Information AvailabilityExamples of Information Availability
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 3
SWITZERLAND 7.5 million people
41'290 km2 4.0 million parcels
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 4
Cantons maintain politicaland administrativebodies
on their own Switzerland: Federated Country with 26 Cantons Switzerland: Federated Country with 26 Cantons ……
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 5
…
…and some 2900 Municipalitiesand some 2900 Municipalities
Cantons are further divided into municipalities
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 6
Swiss civil code
Swiss civil code(in force since 1.1.1912)(in force since 1.1.1912)
Art. 942
1All rights on real estates have to be registered in the land registry.
2Theland registry consists of the main book with its associated maps, the auxiliary registers (in particular the list of property owners), the deeds (records and evidences), the description of properties, and the day book.
Art. 950
1Registration and description of the properties in the land register have to be done on the basis of a map, which as a rule, has to be the result of an official cadastral survey.
2The Federal Council decides on which principles these maps have to be based upon.
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 7
Basic Principles Basic Principles
¥ No ownership without registration
¥ No registration without surveying
¥ No surveying without boundary definition
¾Title registration system
¾Title guaranteed by the government
Kadastro Kongresi 2006
Office heads at all levels: have to hold the federal license for cadastral land surveyor Agreements
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 11
Role of Public and Private Sectors Role of Public and Private Sectors
Private Sector
¥ Partnership Confederation - Canton (- Communities)
¥ Public Private Partnership (PPP)
¥ Decentralized structure
¥ Free market, tendering
¥ Costs are borne mainly by Confederation
Kadastro Kongresi 2006
- Clear definition of the product (not the method)
- Independent information layers (link between layers only through geographic location)
- Freedom of methods and systems (as basis for tendering)
- Standardized way of description
and transfer of data (INTERLIS) ili itf
Kadastro Kongresi 2006
Attribute that is unique within the table of one topic (exceptionally together with another attribute) Attribute that relates with another table (relational attribute)
LKoord = COORD2 480000.000 70000.000 840000.000 300000.000;
HKoord = COORD3 480000.000 70000.000 0.000 840000.000 300000.000 5000.000;
Height = DIM1 0.000 5000.000;
Precision = [0 .. 300];
Reliability = (yes, no);
LetterOrientation = GRADS 0.0 400.0;
Status = (planned, valid);
Monumentation = (border_stone, plastic_peg, cross, not_monumented);
OwnershipType = (parcel, distinct_right, construction_right, water_source_ (Possibility to realise the
layers separately)
Cadastral Data as Basis for any LIS Cadastral Data as Basis for any LIS
Land ownership,
Two requirements: common data modelling conceptcommon geodetic reference frameworkcommon data modelling conceptcommon geodetic reference framework
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 16
Drilling the Topics from Different Stakeholders Drilling the Topics from Different Stakeholders
Property parcel #: 1234
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 17
Constitutional Article on Land
Constitutional Article on Land--Use PlanningUse Planning
Art. 75 Zoning for Land-Use Planning
1 The Confederation shall establish principles on zoning. Zoning falls in the responsibility of the Cantons and shall achieve an appropriate and moderate use of the land and its orderly settlement.
2 The Confederation shall encourage and coordinate the efforts of the Cantons and shall collaborate with them.
3 In fulfilling their tasks, the Confederation and the Cantons shall take the needs of zoning into account.
Federal Law on Land-Use Planning Cantonal Laws regulating land-use planning and responsibilities
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 18
Exemple
Exemple ofofZoning PlanZoning Plan
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 19
Exemple
Exemple ofofPlan Plan ofofProtection ZonesProtection Zones
20
National Geodata Infrastructure (NGDI)
Æsimple digital data sets Æ land information systems Ænational geodata infrastructures (NGDI)
Goals of NGDI:
¾to add value to geoinformation;
¾to assure for the administration, the politics, the economics and citizens at all times and from anywhere an easy and reliable access to geoinformation;
¾to set-up a Federal strategy with a set of measures in political, organizational, financial, legal and technical terms.
21
z "geocat.ch" is the Swiss portal when searching for geodata z online since January 2005
z searches are carried out on decentralized servers of the different geodata providers (17 providers so far)
Discovery Service geocat.ch z established as a framework of
distributed metadata and applications in a federated and heterogeneous infrastructure
23
z The geoportal of swisstopo/COSIG has been initiated in mid-2005.
z The portal consists of basic geodata and metadata of the Federal administration.
z Similar developments are under way on the cantonal level.
z A working group is establishing application profiles for geodata services based on existing standards.
z These profiles will be adopted as Swiss standards.
z object oriented
z adapted to GIS: all essential geodata types, etc.
z can generate UML class diagrams and can be generated by UML
z can generate XML schema (others like GML are possible)
One key component was the creation of INTERLIS, a system-independent data-modeling and data exchange mechanism. It already is implemented throughout Switzerland (coming from cadastral surveying).
INTERLIS Ðan understandable, textual notation for data structures:
26
Ð new article in constitution on geoinformation Ð one law for all aspects of geoinformation (geodetic,
topographic, cadastral)
Ð introduction of cadastre for public rights & restrictions z Time schedule: implementation planned for January
2007
z Main problem: collaboration between federal and cantonal levels (competences, financing, pricing)
z Definition: systematic and public inventory of geographic objects that carry public restrictions.
z swisstopo commissioned a study to look into the costs and benefits of such an inventory (Jan. 2006).
z Estimated costs: 0.6-2.7 million Euro to establish the data model and the legal basis on cantonal level / 54-215 million Euro for acquiring data for 10 most important restrictions.
z Estimated benefits: 63 million Euro per year.
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 28
Models of Cooperation on Local Gov. Level Models of Cooperation on Local Gov. Level
K4
Model B Model C Model D
Canton1
CH
M1.1 M1.2 M1.3 M2.1 M2.2 M2.3
Canton2 Canton3 Canton4
M3.1 M3.2 M3.3 M4.1 M4.2 M4.3 GIS
Kadastro Kongresi 2006 Ankara, Turkey, 23 May 2006 Cadastral Data as Basis
for Land-Use Planning 29
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Grundbuchplan GEMEINDE
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Richtplan
KANTONAL
Legende
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Grundnutzung GEMEINDE
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Leitungskataster GEMEINDE
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Naturgefahren GEMEINDE
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Mikrozonierung GEMEINDE
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
OPP 50cm
OPP 10cm MFH Parzelle 1441, Beckenried
GEMEINDE Grundlagedaten
¥Orthophotos (OPP)
¥Digitales Hš henmodell (DHM)
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
3D-Visualisierung KANTONAL
MFH Parzelle 1441, Beckenried
Geoinformation in der Raumplanung, 21. April 2005 Markus Gammeter
Kantonsplaner NW, Verwaltungsrat LIS-NW AG
Aktuelle Raumplanungsarbeiten mit GIS, 3D-Visualisierung, Organisation und Daten im Geoportal LIS-NW AG
Wildbach
Permanente Rutschung Spontane Rutschung
Mikrozonierung
3D-Visualisierung KANTONAL