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were identifiable, that the article was too frank for younger students and that its overall picture of teenage pregnancy was too positive (sample quote: "This experience has made me a more responsible person. I feel that now I am a woman"). In the second article, a student complained that her father was "always out of town on business or out late playing cards with the guys." Reynolds objected that the piece failed to give the father's viewpoint.

Three students who worked on the Spectrum brought suit, claiming that their First Amendment right to free expression has been violated. They, in fact, had some reason to believe that the courts might agree with them. In its 1969 Tinker decision, the Supreme Court had decided that a school acted unlawfully when it suspended students for wearing black armbands to class in protest against the Vietnam War. School may only limit those rights, the court had judged, when the student action greatly interrupts schoolwork or discipline, or invades the rights of others.

Writing for the majority in a 5 to 3 judgment in last week's case, Justice Byron White saw a difference. While the First Amendment prevented a school from silencing certain kinds of student expression, he said, it did not also require a school actively to encourage such expression in plays and publications produced under the school's guidance. White, who had joined the majority in the Tinker case, decided this time that educators may use editorial control in such instances "as long as their actions are reasonably related to rightful pedagogical concerns."

Justice William Brennan, in an opposition joined by Justices Thurgood Marshall and Harry Blackmun, strongly rejected the idea that school-sponsored speech was less worthy of protection than any other. He complained that the new decision might permit school officials to censor anything that personally disturbed them.

Educators were happy with the decision and rejected fears of a wave of high school repression. "The only thing this will do is to make headmasters feel more comfortable in exercising control when they see it as necessary," says Ivan Gluckman, attorney for the National Association of Secondary School Headmasters. For his part, Headmaster Reynolds says he has no plans to increase his supervision of the Spectrum, and insisted that the paper would not avoid sensitive issues.

Andrea Callow, the student who wrote the article on teenage pregnancy, was more concerned. "If student journalists want to write about a subject like teen pregnancy, they are going to be hesitant", says Callow, now a journalism student at the University of Missouri.

The judgment is especially troubling, says Steven Shapiro of the American Civil Liberties Union, because there was nothing vulgar about the censored articles. "Here we are dealing with clearly serious and responsible student speech."

Ironically, the decision may help create the conditions for a more aggressive kind of student journalism. The court did not give schools the right to suppress independently produced student publications. The underground newspaper, a secretly produced publication which was a familiar sight in many schools 20 years ago, may be ready for a comeback.

Based on the passage, please answer the following questions.

1. What is the main topic of the article?

a. A decision made by the majority of the Supreme Court Justices to take action against an underground student newspaper.

b. The Supreme Court’s judgement on a student demonstration that happened in an American public high school.

c. Viewpoints of individuals from different institutions on a Supreme Court decision about the civil rights of journalists.

d. A judgement given by the Supreme Court on the specific content of a publication produced by students.

2. What does “that” in line 8 refer to?

a. the mood of making sexual innuendos.

b. the mood of suspending a student.

c. the mood of restricting student rights.

d. the mood of searching student possessions.

3. Headmaster Reynolds refused to publish the article containing a student’s complaints because

a. he was out of town on business and his opinion was not asked.

b. the student was not a successful and responsible person.

c. the opinion of the other person in the story was not presented.

d. the ideas in the article were too frank for younger students.

4. What is the writer’s main purpose in mentioning the Tinker case in paragraph 3?

a. To give an example that a school has been supported by the Supreme Court in its decision.

b. To show that there has been a case exemplifying violation of school rules by students.

c. To emphasize the importance of a war by which Americans have deeply been affected.

d. To explain why the students held the belief that they would be supported by courts.

5. The expression “brought suit” in line 26 is closest in meaning to a. acted cooperatively

b. ordered smart clothes c. invited legal experts d. take legal action

6. While giving the explanation about the court decision Justice Byron White also talked for a. most of the public

b. two more justices c. most of the students d. four more justices

7. What does “this” refer to in line 45?

a. a wave of repression b. school-sponsored speech c. the judgement given d. happiness of educators

8. Which of the following is TRUE for the Supreme Court’s decision?

a. Educators can never limit the constitutional rights of high school students.

b. The decision was in agreement with the claims of the three journalism students.

c. Student publications can be controlled by schools when it is viewed necessary.

d. The decision was exactly the same as the one made on the Tinker case in1969.

9. Which statement CANNOT be inferred from the passage?

a. Headmaster Reynolds is not going to become stricter with the issues that are going to be given place in the school newspaper.

b. The Court believed that wearing black armbands to class did not mean a breakdown of discipline.

c. The decision will improve student journalism by making students be more careful about the issues they choose.

d. Steven Shapiro does not find anything wrong with the way teenage pregnancy was pictured in the articles.

10. Using the passage above, match the persons’ name with the right column according to the views they hold about the decision made by the Supreme Court.

Steven Shapiro, Harry Blackmun, Ivan Gluckman, Byron White, Andrea Callow, Robert Reynolds, Thurgood Marshall.

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