• Sonuç bulunamadı

Kültürler Arası İletişimin Temel Kavramları ve Soruları

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Kültürler Arası İletişimin Temel Kavramları ve Soruları"

Copied!
8
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)F„HC„DHGDE?DAX E†HGCI‡IJI@EGJGHEFAˆDAJHAD EˆGE OVD‰HAD Š‹ŒŽ‘’Ž“”•Œ–’—˜™“Œ•‘’Œš›œ’•“Ž™ž•™‹ž Ÿ ¡¡¢£¤¥¦§¤ £ ¨abctqculdeoqkuckdcdnwemotcdqadiovfqciajckuadvlrpfd ifhufmcul QGJ©HEª?F«P¬ 

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

(3) ()>4 </>7-&(4/04Y7(&)</("4Z7& &.)>(5 [\]^_\ `abcdefghciajckdldemlnopdqadnarqcdsatucdoudiovlquamculdnwmxfdpnldiqcycdbad iovfqciajckuadvlrpfdifhufmculzd{q|omvajckuadbadtwpwmraqcluodqadiqcyculdqad}lwhd ~€€~dcd‚vcud~€€ƒ~dcdcqulmemluajcculdnwmxfdukxdtademlnlplqcdqadufmticdpothonqozd‚hlpd ­4 ®'0546<4546'5"4¯)41/)67'()&7()"4¯)4 1)&)+4°#$%&7()"4L/,)%)>74±1'7&+7/%)1)4²'<,'+!³4>>#)'´ ,)5705&' 0 1 2 3 43 1 5 0 1 2 1 46 7 48 9 4

(4) 3 0 9  4 5 44     . .

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

(6) PHWNHPTF5

(7) 5WRI NN PKF5HPHLOTPTNITJTU5OHPOTLTNITJTU5S FO [N FIKJK5

(8) 5`F PKNIKJK5 SHYHIH5GH[TNWTL5KMK5MKOH\5YHMMTFIH5GH\TNWTL5I J PN FIKPKNW N PKFU5Q

(9) KPKN PKFKFU5 ENM WK[I MK5MENOEP5

(10) 5KN OKLKW5QHNTLWHNHPTFH5MHOMT5SHJNHGHaHJT5LE\Y SK[IKP_5D HN5 bcd5

(11) 5eWKOY5bdKF5I J PN FIKPW 5GH[TNHPTFIHMK5O MFKM5^KN]KN P5

(12) 5`[ NNKMN 5 MKOH\NHPT5MVNNHFHaHM5`JP FaKN P 5I`FEM5`JEON P5Q

(13) PKNW WKLOKP_5fHNFT[aH5MKOH^TF5 KQ PKJKGN 5KN]KNK5^KN]KN P5

(14) 5GRPVWNHP5HGF F5 EPMQ gG 5HMOHPTNWTLOTP_5V5QHNTLWHFTF5 I

(15) HWT5RNHPHMU5MENOEPN P5HPHST5KN OKLKW5KN 5KN]KNK5^HLMH5MKOH\U5WHMHN 5

(16) _^_5GHGTFNHPTF5 Q

(17) KPKN PK5I 5I P]KFKF5] N a M5SHGTNHPTFIH5GHGTFNHFHaHMOTP_57ENOEPN P5HPHST5KN OKLKW5 MRFVSVFH5] F N5^KP5]KPKL5GH\WHGH5GHPITWaT5RNH^KN a M5^H[T5WHMHN N P5Q

(18) KPKFKF5 SRFVFIHMK5 MO 5STPHNHFWTLOTP_ eO NNH5 KF] RRW GU5KFSHF5KN OKLKWK5IHNTFIH5\PRZ S`PNEM5VF

(19) HFTFH5SHYK\OKP_5 7ENOEPN P5HPHST5GE[5QHNTLWHNHPT5bZHa hRPMdU5HFNHLWH[NTM5OHP[NHPT5

(20) 5HFNHLWH[NTM5 Q`[W 5G OKSK5MRFVNHPTGNH5KN]KNK5QRM5SHGTIH5GHGTFT5

(21) HPITP5bhhh_KFO PaVNOVPHN_RP] 0RFF aOKRFS KF] RRW G_YOid_5D HN5bcdKF5 KF] RRW G5

(22) 50YVF]5bjdgVF5 MKOH^T5YHMMTFIHMK5I J PN FIKPW 5GH[TSTFIHF5Q

(23) PKNWKL5^`NEWN P5L`GN IKPk V5W OKF5MH\SHWTFIH5S QKN F5MRFVNHPU5SHYHIHMK5 F5`F WNK5MH

(24) PHWNHPTU5WRI NN  PK5

(25) 5MVPHWNHPT5O WSKN5 OW MO IKP_57KOH^TF5Y P5^`NEWEFEF5^HLNTJT5SRPV5L MNKFI 5

(26) PKNW MO IKP5MKU5^V5IH5SRP]VNHGTaT5^KP5OVOVWV5O L

(27) KM5 I P M5[KYFK5`JP FW G 5 YH[TPNHWHM5

(28) 5MRFVGH5]KPKL5GH\WHM5KQKF5 OMKNK5^KP5GRNIVP_5`NEW5U5MENOEPN P5HPHST5 KN OKLKW5MRFVSVFVF5F I F5QHNTLTNWHST5] P MOKJK5]K^K5 F5`F WNK5SRPVGNH5^HLNHP5

(29) 5 ^VFVF5S ^ \N PKFK5OHPOTLTP_57ENOEPN P5HPHST5KN OKLKW5YHMMTFIHMK5 SF M5]`PELN PK5 OHFTOTP5

(30) 5b^KNKFQSK[5G OKSK[NKMO F5^KNKFQNK5G OKG 5V[HFHFd5W PIK

(31) F5WRI NKFK5SVFHP_5 V5HLHWHGH5VG]VF5IEL a M5L MKNI U5^`NEW5G FK5IELEFa N P5

(32) 5O PKWN PN 5`JP F aKN PK5^RJWH[_5 `NEW5U5SHYHFTF5 F5O W N5MH

(33) PHWNHPTFIHF5^H[TNHPTFT5OHFTOTP_5eEP Q5WRI NKGN 5 ^HJNHFOTNT5RNHPHMU5GHPHPNT5^KP5MENOEPN P5HPHST5KN OKLKW5OHFTWT5GH\WHIHF5`Fa U5MENOEP5

(34) 5^V[5IHJT5WRI NKFK5OHFTWNHP_5`NEW5gFKF5 F5KN]KFQU5^ F[ PSK[5

(35) 5GHPHPNT5FRMOH NHPTFIHF5^KPKSK5lSEP Q5ZHPMTFIHNTJTITPm_56RJV5HMHI WKM5QHNTLWH5lFHSTNmIHF5[KGHI 5 lF m5KN 5KN]KN FKPM FU5^V5GH[HPNHPU5MENOEPN P5HPHST5KN OKLKW 5KNKLMKF5\ M5QRM5lFHSTNmTF5 ZHPMTFH5

(36) HPWHNHPT5MRFVSVFIH5RMVGVaVNHPT5GEP MN FIKPKPN P5MKn5^V5^HMTL5Q`[EWN   9 7 57 4 9 5

(37) 5 3 0 85 1 7 3  5 1 4 55     .

(38) 0123142546747896 253.

(39) 635

(40) 5260747

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

(42) 0 1 2 3 4 56 3 7 89. !5"#$%5&'()')*5+&5)),)5- & '5 $ ' 5

(43) 5. 5&'()')*5+&+&&' . '5),*)'5 $ ' &5&'/  !50"#$5%51*2)5. 3&4 '5.#',)'*'5-#'/ 55' (55)'5# ( 5&$&3&5  5)*!50"#$56%5$ ))1)*#()1)*5)'$)5 &&'5- &5*)

(44) 2)*5

(45) 575( .# &5)7(),)'5)1)&55'$)*5

(46) &!5"#$%5 +&5## 5))(*5 4&85,55$5. &, 5

(47) 5.&')$&5+&5# ( 5&. 55$),)5,)) ,)/)58&&  5(5')5 5&%5+58&& 55,/)*%5$ '&'5+)4)'-*5'5)(*5 5)'5 (' 5## 5))(*5& &4&$ 5- &5-"##! 8-557,)'5

(48) %59535)4&'-*'5 '&

(49) (& (&:'. 5& &4&$5. ( &5

(50) $  .&!5 ;$&15<=:&'57,)'5

(51) 5<>=:'5&)+*51)*'.)&5&)75. 3  '.&$ 5,)2* (*'.)'5

(52) &$&45+"#$ 5&( 54').*5<!'?534)3*.)&5

(53) &&. 5+)1(&5-  '5

(54) 5 @"59&5A5-)$)$)5@ 54&'-&(&/5A5-)$$&'-%5@4A5& 555,)*'5+)3 )'*(*55)'5A)55355B+51)*'.)5+&-&5 .&'$ 5&&'5CCC!/ )&

(55) &,!/5! / )&

(56) &,-1 '7)-!1D5). (&' 5+)*)+&&=?5 E5+&)5+"#$%5## &'5),*5 .& +&&& &'&5')(*5,))*)*'*5))4**!5 7 48 . 5"3 '$ 5,"' $&'&5)&75 . %5&)+*'51 5+"#$#5)*4$),*5 (## , '5+&575+ $5(5(,)5)**!57&)7%5+"#$ &'557)$*'.)'5.)1)5 5%5-   5+&5.&2&5(5.)'554$)).*!55(5)5+&2&5)

(57) )$))5

(58) 5&   5.535,"' '.&& '%5+&)2/*5-&2 $&55.)*'*5.#4#'#,5$! E5(555)'5F7&$& '$ 5(# /&5' .&GH5+&2&5IJKLMNMOMPQRSITLSMLUJIV5& (&' 5 -"# '5(*'*51))*5)*4$)(*'*'52 $&'&'&5545&5+5& %5A)55355B+5 .#4#'/ (&'&'5&-&'5+&5,-)$)(*.*5<W)2)C&/%5 )

(59) &'%5X5Y)/(5'%5Z[=!5 ;*'*51))*5)

(60) )$*%5+"#$#'5)**45(5(')5+&5/

(61) )7554 '5 7,)'5

(62) :'5)'.*3*5$ )5,)'.**/*5)

(63) )$).)'5+&&.&!5E&'/&5(55 4.?5F&-&'&'5.53)(*5## 5))(*5& &4&$&5')(*5 & GH5;*'*5$ )85''5 .

(64) )$*5+&-&'&'554$)(*'.)&5\]NU^_U`NUKPQSIT]^LMUILaV5& (&' 5

(65) )*!5 #'/#5 (55+ &(&2&3&'5(5')'$)$*45.53)(*'.)'58*)?5F &(&2&3&5-&. $ 5&&'5 ')(*5)')$5,))**2GH!50

(66) )75.)$)&2$&'5

(67) 51 $ '"&5."'-#'#'5,53'5+&5 )*4$)(*54 &'. 5- &5

(68) 5)')$)*51)   5- &$ 5& (&55)'5SabSNMIM\UNU^NUKP QR]^cJ^OMLUdULaV5& 5(5')'*!5;5'5+"#$%5## 5),*5 .& +&&& 55.))') )%5Fe,-)$),)55'.)*'.)5## 5)')$))5' 55GH5(5('5,"'  &!5 )$5+5'5).)%5## 5+&-&5 .&'$ 5

(69) 5 '.&$&2&5.#',),)5,"' '.&$ 5 (# /&'&5)*)$)5)$)/*,)%5,))*5+&5)

(70) )$55)'5KfNLf^]NP\MKgh5QTSNLS^MNPbM`]VP& 5 )'*4**2!5''5(5'/'.)55),)5*)'5& %5## 5+&51)&)5&2$  5&-&&5 5)'5KJISO_MNNgKLg^PQRJ_ULUJIMNULaV! 7&)+*'5&&'/&5+535## 5))(*'.)&55)*)5& 5&-&&.&!5i)'&%5## 5 ))(*'.)&5+"#'$  5))(*')5')(*5"7#5)+&&G5 4&'/&5(554''5/

(71) ) +*'*5+$),)5)*4*?5F7## 5))(*5& &4&$&5$#$#'5*)/)5- ' 5+&54 ,5

(72) )5 $*.*GH55(55J^MILgNgNgKPQTJOO]I_S^M\UNULaV5& (&, 5  5)*'*!57## 51)&))*  9 7 57 4 9 5

(73) 5 3 0 85 1 7 3  5 1 4 55     .

(74) 0123142546747896 253.

(75) 635

(76) 5260747

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`BFBY@GabDc@]MGHK@cJLMBLMKcG`JK@O6"#$#(!!6, #2&#(#3!6*,"6)&8)()6 *"')56dLFMD@\MCGHLYBK]BILMJKO6)&"3)+6.-6(01#"$6.=&83)6)*)/6)%&$e6, - 6/2)%)2 &+662#;!4!6"0&'0$&$6#$#3!6-1&#%(#6)*)6;,'#3)2&6.-6.=&8/6.-&- (#"'#/!$56 f2&23+6R$6)")6'#$#>6)*)62#6.=2&6.)$6.=&862#$#'!&(#&!+62#6/#6#$6,&#6.=&866 03'6;,'#3)2&)6*!"#$!&(#&!/!$:6Q356U5 3 1 4 0 60 1 2 3 1 4 1 6  6 7  96 5 0 3 7 6 5 2 66     . .

(78) 0 1 2 3 4 56 3 7 89. 55!"5#"5$ %! &''5"'(!(5 '5(%(!)5#*!'+5*,%,5,'%,!' !5$5-+!"5 (.'(5 $  5'"/5'0(0(125'# ' #%!0 5

(79) 5*,%,' #0 357(4('(!15*!5 (!(4(55 %!'0 5

(80) 5*,%,' #%!'0 5-+!"'"+"56789:;7<=7>9?9@5'  5 -(4(-1!1'1!357,'%,!' !5(!(15' %#0 5-A,5!%(5(.'(54('(#10'(!15%(!%1#1' 0(1-(5!(256B:CB:BD9E7D7:D7F<=6G6HI78IE7D7HJ@<' 25KA' !- 5.(4(%15(451-  + !'+5

(81) 5'# ''+ 5-(!5*'$5*"'"(L5

(82) 5#' !'+ 5(./5'(5*!5,%(.'(5 M0 %( %N5'(!(5!%(4(5"'"!5M35N3  !55%(*15- + !' -!0 - 5-(%5$  5(

(83) !(0'(!O5P. '5  '25 ,! $5&(!1-('1+125  5,'%,!' !5(!(15' %#0255 #*(+'(0'15

(84) 5-(!*(+'(0'15 ' %#025,'%,! '5.(!%('(!25%/'"'"$%/'"'"-1#150 "*4 %511!'(!1254,P5 0,P( ! 250,P((! 5*A'5 25*! 4Q'%/'"'"$"'"25'# ' #%!0 5

(85) 5,% (.'(5'(!(51!('((*'!35"5(

(86) !(0'(!5

(87) 57'4"(

(88) R"50- '5'"#%"!(5 %('(0(25* '!P'25"45"'((*'!'25,'%,! '5*(1#25"0 (''125!(%1'1'125 -

(89) (0'1'125(!($25 %' #025 !S5

(90) 5,!-,!,' *'!'5' ' !25,'%,!' !5(!(15 ' %#05(.(1-(54(/1'(Q(5$('1#0('(!(5(%1-(5*"'"(*'!35 TUVW UXYZX[Y\[]^[_`a]bY\Zcdce]Ufgh`hg_]i\g\Y]ic[cd]bjcg]klhg_mcY\n\l]o_pa] q_l_Y\Y\[]rhgY_[sa[t< < < vwx/ Q !u(% 4525353-5y(525z351{/'(55Q! Q"'%"!('5/!(50(%Q5&- 5)50

(91) 55&!05/'%  50({0 5%5Q/!(50(%Q5% !(Q%('5/! Q/' 5M8|N35}~G:8ID<~<€:I>IH7?625'"0 5‚ƒ258 " 525uQ%* ! „

(92) 0* !5‚35 ‡wx --(!-25035(-5z !P*Q(253350"'%"!('5Q!/%)5†.(%5(! 5%. 45(-5†.(%5(! 5 %. 455-5&!ˆ5‰8H9:?GDHG:ID<€:I>IH7?625'3)525„

(93) 0* !535 Šwx9(S(5/('(2573545"%Q5/!(50(%Q)5(5-Q/' 5* -

(94) ' -5*45%5†5 .%!4ˆ580/'Q(%5&!5% !Q"'%"!('5%"- 35‰8H9:?GDHG:ID<€:I>IH7?625'35)5 25y("(!45ƒ355 5 5 5 5 5 5 ‹wx2 425y(Q*5435 %† 5Q"'%"! 5(-5/!(50(%Q)5Q4''(5(-5Q.(!4*-ˆ5%. 5 /! Q(!"5Q-%5&5% !Q"'%"!('5/!(50(%Q35‰8H9:?GDHG:ID<€:I>IH7?6255 MN25Œ35 wx2 Q.' !25y358% !Q"'%"!('5/!(50(%Q)5(5Q5%

(95) 5(//!(Q.35‰8H9:?GDHG:ID< €:I>IH7?6255MN25ŽŒ3555 5 5 5 5 wx7 Q 2583535Q5%

(96) /!(50(%Q5(//!(Q.5%5%"(%*"-5"%% !(Q 35 }~G:8ID<~<€:I>IH7?625'"0 5‚258 " 5ƒ253/!'5355 5  9 7 57 4 9 5

(97) 5 3 0 85 1 7 3  5 1 4 55     .

(98) 0123142546747896 253.

(99) 635

(100) 5260747

(101) 27496568 42749. 5678 !"#4$%&#'(6)*6+!%6

(102) ",$#!(63*67--.-/%'6-$0+#%'6-16"/2-/#+2236%.4 4#!-86-16#$26$46.!-#"/2-/#+26"$99/!."+-.$!6:+##.#'(6+44"-.6#'$!''(6 "$!'!'/+26'-#$-3'(6+!%6 #".%6-1#+-*6;<=>?<@=AB<@CDEBF?<@CDBGD ;<=>?HFC=F?@CDI>C@=AB<J(66KL*66 6 6 6 6 O67-M2(6)*6,*6+!%63.!&3$$93(68*6N+"6"$!"#!'6.!6.!-##'$!+26"$!42."-86+6 "#$''"/2-/#+269 .#."+26-'-6$46-164+"6!&$-.+-.$!6-1$#3*6PBQQF<AH@=AB<D I>J>@?HR(6$2*6S6 $*6(6T"9:#6S6UVV*66 6 6 X673.!&3$$93(68*6+!%60/#$&.67*6N+"0$#W6"$9 -!"6.!6.!-#"/2-/#+26"$! 42."-86+!6/ %+-%64+"!&$-.+-.$!6-1$#3*6;<=>?<@=AB<@CDEBF?<@CDBGD;<=>?HFC=F?@CD I>C@=AB<J(6$2*686(6VV*6 YZ[\ZY]Z^ T572(61#.'-$ 1#*6KL*6_$$W64.086!%#'-+!%.!&69!-#"/2-/#+26$99/!."+-.$!`*6 ;<=>?<@=AB<@CDEBF?<@CDBGD;<=>?HFC=F?@CDI>C@=AB<J* 39 ,3

(103) 5a(68-22+6+!%6 ,(62+*6KUL*6b<c>?J=@<cA<dD;<=>?HFC=F?@CDPBQQF<AH@=AB<*6 4$e:/#36f/:2.'1.!&6$9 +!3*62$'67!&2'* 8

(104) 93(62*64.23*6KL*6_$$W64.086f#.!".2'6$469!-#"/2-/#+26$99/!."+-.$!`*6 ;<=>?<@=AB<@CDEBF?<@CDBGD;<=>?HFC=F?@CDI>C@=AB<J* 02a07 (69&$#*65*6KUL*6g?A<HAhC>JDBGD;<=>?HFC=F?@CDPBQQF<AH@=AB<*6$'-$!867223!6+!%6 +"$!*. 3 1 4 0 60 1 2 3 1 4 1 6  6 7  96 5 0 3 7 6 5 2 66     . .

(105)

(106)

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

İlk grupta yer alanlar aktarım modeli ya da süreç okulu olarak adlandırılır.. İkinci grupta yer alanlar ise kültürel model

kavrar. Kültürel modelde ise aktarıma değil, anlamların üretimi ve değişimine odaklanılır.  Kültürel modelde metin, aktarım modellerinden farklı olarak,

 Pierce anlamı incelemek için gösterge, kullanıcı ve dışsal gerçeklik arasında üç köşeli bir ilişkiyi modelin zorunlu bir öğesi olarak varsaymıştır...  İki

üzerinde durur. Bir başka deyişle, gösteren ile gösterilen arasında zorunlu bir ilişki olmadığını ifade etmiştir. İlişkiyi belirleyen uzlaşımdır. Uzlaşım,

 “Temsil, bir şey hakkında anlamlı bir şey söylemek ya da dünyayı diğer insanlara anlamlı bir şekilde tasvir etmek için dilin kullanılması

dönüşüm dönemini de o dönemin kendi bilinciyle yargılayamayız; aksine, bu bilinç, maddi yaşamın çelişkilerinden, toplumsal üretken güçler ile üretim ilişkileri

Elektromanyetik tayf tahsisiyle ilgili uluslararası örgütlerin

 Bu yeni ekonominin temel özelliği, kişiye özel üretimde bilgi ve teknoloji uygulanmasının ekonomik başarı için yegane etmen olmasıdır..  Castells’e göre rekabet