Malek Hassan Mahmoud ABDUL QADER

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Adres Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Kayalı Kampüsü-Kırklareli/TÜRKİYE e-posta: editor@rumelide.com

Adress

Kırklareli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Kayalı Campus-Kırklareli/TURKEY e-mail: editor@rumelide.com

ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷاو ةرﻮﻛﺬﻟا ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﻚﯿﻜﻔﺗ :

ﺔﺳارد ا ﺔﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﯿﺒط تاﺮﻛﺬﻣ" ﺔﯿﺗاﺬﻟا ةﺮﯿﺴﻟ

Malek Hassan Mahmoud ABDUL QADER¹ APA: Abdul Qader, M. H. M. (2020). Eril ve dişil dualizminin yapısökümü: “Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları” isimli otobiyografı üzerine bir çalışma. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (19), 752-764. DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.752804.

ﺺﺨﻠﻣ

ﻚﯿﻜﻔﺗ ﺔﯿﻟﻵ ﻲﻘﯿﺒﻄﺗ جذﻮﻤﻧ ﺔﺳارد ﻰﻟإ ﺔﯿﺜﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا هﺬھ فﺪﮭﺗ ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷاو ةرﻮﻛﺬﻟا ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺛ

لاﻮﻧ ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺗﺎﻜﻟا تاﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺔﺳارد لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ

."ﺔﺒﯿﺒط تاﺮﻛﺬﻣ" ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ةرﻮﺸﻨﻤﻟا يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا ﻒﻘﺗو

ﻨﺜﻠﻟ ﻚﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬھ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻐﻟا ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯿﻘﯾﺰﯿﻓﺎﺘﯿﻤﻟا تﺎﯿﺋﺎ

اﺪﯾرد كﺎﺟ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟا فﻮﺴﻠﯿﻔﻟا ﺎﮭﺿﺮﻋ Jacques Derrida

ﺮﺧﻵا فﺮﻄﻟا ﻞﺜﻤﯾ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ،يﺰﻛﺮﻣو ﻲﻠﺻأ ﻮھ ﺎﻣ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا ﻲﻓﺮط ﺪﺣأ ﻞﺜﻤﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ

:ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ثﻼﺛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯿﻟﻵا هﺬھ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗو .ﻲﺸﻣﺎھو ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻮھ ﺎﻣ :ﻻوأ

ﻤﯾ ﻻ ذإ ؛تﺎﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا هﺬھ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹا داﺮﻤﻟا تﺎﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا هﺬھ جرﺎﺧ ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻦﻜ

ﺎﮭﻜﯿﻜﻔﺗ ﺎﯿﻧﺎﺛ . .ﻼﺻأ عﺮﻓ ﻮھ ﺎﻣو ﺎﻋﺮﻓ ﻞﺻأ ﻮھ ﺎﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا هﺬھ ﻲﻓ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻟا ﺐﻠﻗ : :ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ

ﻞﯾﺪﺑ ﻢﯾﺪﻘﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺤﻣ .ﺔﯿﺒﺗاﺮﺘﻟا ﺔﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺪﻗو

ﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯿﺜﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا هﺬھ ﺖﻠﻤﻋ ﮫﻣﺪﻘﺗ يﺬﻟا جذﻮﻤﻨ

ةﺮﯿﺴﻟا بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻓ يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ

"ﺔﺒﯿﺒط تاﺮﻛﺬﻣ" ﺔﯿﺗاﺬﻟا ،ّﻲﻠﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟا ﺞﮭﻨﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ

تاﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟا هﺬھ ﻲﻓ مﺪﻘﻤﻟا جذﻮﻤﻨﻟا نأ ﻰﻟإ ﺖﺼُﻠَﺧو ﻣﻮﮭﻔﻣ ﻚﯿﻜﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯿﺳﺎﺳأ ةرﻮﺼﺑ مﻮﻘﯾ

ّﻲ ﯾﺪﯿﻠﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷاو ةرﻮﻛﺬﻟا ﻦﯿ

ﺎھرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ةرﻮﻛﺬﻟا ؛

ﯾ اﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﻟاو ﻞﻘﻌﻟا ﻞﺜﻤ

، ﺎھرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷاو ﺎﺸﻣﺎھ

ﯾ ﺧﺪﺗ ذإ .ﺪﺴﺠﻟاو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟا ﻞﺜﻤ ﺔﻠﻄﺑ ﻞ

تاﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟا تاﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻟا ﺐﻠﻗو تاﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣاود ﻲﻓ

ﻒﯿﻨﻌﻟا ﺐﺗاﺮﺘﻟاو عاﺮﺼﻟا ةﺮﻜﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺎّﯿﻘﻧ ﺔﺛﻮﻧﻷﺎﺑ ةرﻮﻛﺬﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟ ًاﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﻞﺋاﺪﺑ مﺎﻈﻧ ﺔﯾﺎﮭﻨﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺪﻘﺗ نأ ﻰﻟإ تﺎﯿﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟا هﺬھ ﻦﻤﺿ

.

ﺔﯿﺣﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟا تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا :

ا ﯾﻮﺴﻨﻟ ﺔ

،

،يﻮﺴﻨﻟا بدﻷا

،ﺔﯿﻜﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ ﺔﯿﺗاﺬﻟا ةﺮﯿﺴﻟا ،

.

Eril ve dişil dualizminin yapısökümü: “Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları” isimli otobiyografı üzerine bir çalışma

Öz

Bu makale, Mısırlı yazar Nawal Al-Saadawi'nin notlarının incelenerek, "Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları" başlığı altında yayınlanan, eril ve dişil dualizminde yapısöküm mekanizmasının uygulamalı bir modelini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Fransız filozof Jacques Derrida tarafından ortaya atılan Batı felsefesinde, metafizik dualizmin yapısökümü üzerinde durmaktadır. Dualizmin bir tarafı orijinal ve merkezi olanı temsil ederken, diğer tarafı alt ve marjinal olanı temsil eder. Bu mekanizma üç aşamada temsil edilir: Birincisi: bu dualizmlerin içinde kalmaktır. Çünkü bu dualizmin dışında kalınması düşünülememekle birlikte istenilen şey yapısökümünün olmasıdır.

İkincisi: Bu dualizmlerin merkezlerinin tersine çevrilmesi, fer‘in asıl olması; asılın da fer‘ olmasıdır.

Üçüncüsü: Nötr bir dualizm sisteminin önerilmesi. Bu araştırma, Nawal Al-Saadawi'nin otobiyografisi olan "Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları" adlı kitabında sunulan modeli, analitik yöntem kullanarak analiz eteye çalışmaktadır. Bu notlarda sunulan modelin, geleneksel olarak erillik ve dişillik kavramlarının yapısökümüne dayandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Merkezde erillik, akletmeyi ve düşünmeyi temsil eder, bir marjinal bir ifade olarak dişillik ise duygu ve bedeni temsil eder. Bu notların ana karakteri bu yapısökümü stratejisini uygulamakta; erillik ve dişillik açıasından yeni nötr bir dualizm alternatfini sunmaktadır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Feminizm, feminist edebiyat, yapısöküm, Nawal As- Saadawi, otobiyografi

1 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Arap Dili ve Belagatı ABD (Denizli, Türkiye), mabdulqader@pau.edu.tr, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6031-7702 [Makale kayıt tarihi: 24.02.2020-kabul tarihi:

20.06.2020; DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.752804]

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7 58 / RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.19 (June)

Deconstruction of the dualism of femininity and masculinity: a study in the autobiographical novel “A Doctor’s Diary”/ M. H.

M. Abdul Qader (pp. 752-764)

Adress

Deconstruction of the dualism of femininity and masculinity: a study in the autobiographical novel “A Doctor’s Diary”

Abstract

This study aspires to study an applied model for the mechanism of deconstruction of the dualism of femininity and masculinity by studying the Diaries of the Egyptian writer Nawal As- Saadawi that was published under the title of “A Doctor's Diary”. This study tackled the philosophy of deconstruction of the metaphysical binaries in the western philosophy that was presented by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. One side of the binary what would be the central and the original while the other side would be marginal and secondary. This mechanism can be put into three stages. First, the residence in these binaries in which one can't think outside these binaries that are meant to be deconstructed. Second, the reversing of the centralism in these binaries to make what is central marginal and what is original secondary. Third, providing neutral alternative for the hierarchy system of the binaries. Also, this study aimed at analyzing the model that was represented by As- Saadawi in her autobiography “a Doctor's Diary” by using the analytical approach. This study has reached the conclusion that the model that was represented in these Diaries is basically established on the deconstruction of the traditional concepts of femininity and masculinity in which that masculinity is a center that represents the mind and the thoughts while femininity is a margin represents the body and the emotions. The heroine of the Diaries finds herself in a chaos of centralism and reversing of the centralism within these binaries until she provides at the end a new system of alternatives for a pure masculinity and femininity relationship away from the struggle and the violent hierarchy.

Keywords: Feminism, feminist literature, deconstructionism, Nawal As- Saadawi, autobiography

Summary

Nawal As- Saadawi is considered as one of the most prominent feminists in the Arabic literature. Her Works are regarded as means of struggle for the woman cause. She found in literature a room to present, discuss and analyze her visions to change the status of the Arabic Women. Many of her literary works have been studied and tackled by scholars and critics but her autobiography which is a genre did not achieve the same concern that her other literary Works did like the novels and the short stories. The importance of the autobiography appears in the perspective of the researcher in which it represents the gist of her philosophy in the cause of woman because it tackles the topic of sexism against the woman and its many forms inside the family, the educational organizations and professions. She also discusses the issue of stereotyping the role of woman and man in society in which the woman is an emotional entity and a desired body for lust has that no ambitions but getting married and raising kids. On the other hand, the man is a thoughtful ambitious entity. In other words, the man is the center of society and the woman is the margin. That reader of the autobiography can notice that it doesn't only present this problem, but also Nawal As- Saadawi deconstructs its elements and reforms the femininity and masculinity in a fairer and more logical way and that is what made the scholar to study this autobiography from the perspective of the philosophy of the deconstruction.

The questions of the study

1. What is the philosophy of the deconstruction and how it plays a role in feminist movements?

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Adress

2. How did Nawal As- Saadawi embody the binary deconstruction of masculinity and femininity in her autobiography “a Doctor’s Dairy”?

The methodology of the research

The study took an analytical approach to answer the questions of the study. The analysis was based on two points. First, studying the philosophy of deconstruction and its mechanics and the strategies to deconstruct the binary oppositions. It also studied the impact on feminist movements. Second, studying the autobiography in an analytical way and unrevealing its embodiments of the strategies of deconstruction on the binary of masculinity femininity and masculinity. That demanded dividing the study into two parts: the first tackles the philosophy of deconstruction and how it is applied on the cause of woman. The second tackles the autobiography by analyzing and reveal the mechanics of embodying the deconstruction of the binary of femininity and masculinity.

The research results

The study found out that the philosophy of deconstruction is based on the deconstruction of metaphysics of pure presence that revolves on binaries such as good and evil, reality and imagination, speech and writing, the mind and emotions, the soul and the body, the male and the female Etc. These binaries are connected in a hierarchical relation in which one side is the center and the other is a margin.

Regarding the binary of woman and man, the philosophies and intellectual movements favored the man on the basis that he is rational, reasonable, a whole soul, independent and the maker of culture.

On the other hand, the image of woman was presented as a margin of the center of the man and she is nothing but a body, emotions, a lustful entity, extension of nature and an incomplete man.

The deconstruction is based on three strategies. First, the residence inside these binaries and includes declaring that the corruption of genuinity of what is considered genuine because the center wouldn’t be a center without the existence of the margin. Second, the reversing of the centralism in these binaries to make what is central marginal and what is original secondary. This process aims to spotting the falsity of the centralism and declaring the right of what was considered to be marginal. This is an indication that the first hierarchy is neither consistent nor definite. As for the third deconstructionist strategy, it is investigating this binary system that it is being deconstructed to reveal its incompetence and its contradiction to offer a system of alternatives. by this way, the old hierarchy collapses.

As- Saadawi embedded the application of the strategies of deconstruction on the hierarchical binary, man and woman, in her autobiography “a Doctor's Diary” in which she practiced the residence inside this binary in its traditional status. Then, she reversed the centralism between her and man in each situation she feels marginalized. She offered in the end a new model for the binary of man and woman.

The man is neither the center, the soul nor the mind and the woman is neither a margin, a body nor emotion. Actually, both of them are body, mind and emotions and there is neither a center nor a margin in their relation. They are perfectly equal. Also, the natural differences between them should be a way to Integration and enrichment, not to cause controlling and oppression. The autobiography also shows that the end of the struggle between man and woman and establishing a new base for their relation doesn't only serve the woman but also serves humanity as a whole.

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7 60 / R umeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.19 (June)

Adress

This paper might open a new horizon to study the feminist literature by depending on philosophical standards. Moreover, it highlights a philosophical current with arguments that can be employed in feminist and sexist studies.

ﺔﻣدﻘﻣﻟا

يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ رﺑﺗﻌُﺗ ىدﺣإ 2

ا ﺔﺣﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾوﺳﻧﻟا هوﺟوﻟا زرﺑأ تﺎﯾاور نﻣ ،ﺔﯾﺑدﻷا ﺎﮭﻟﺎﻣﻋأ نﻣ ﺔﺑﺗﺎﻛﻟا تذﺧﺗا دﻗو .ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﺑدﻷ

لﺎﺿﻧﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ،ﺔﯾﺗاذ ةرﯾﺳو ةرﯾﺻﻗ صﺻﻗو تﺎﯾﺣرﺳﻣو ضرﻌﻟ ﺔﻣﺋﻼﻣ ﺔﺣﺎﺳ بدﻷا ﻲﻓ تدﺟو ثﯾﺣ ،ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻗ لﺟأ نﻣ

دﻗو .ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا ﻊﺿوﻟ يرﯾﯾﻐﺗﻟا ﺎھﺎﻌﺳﻣﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺗﻣﻟا ﺎھاؤر مﯾدﻘﺗو ﺎﮭﻠﯾﻠﺣﺗو ﺎﮭﺗﺷﻗﺎﻧﻣو ﺎھﺎﯾﺎﺿﻗ مﺎﻣﺗھﺎﺑ ﺔﯾﺑدﻷا ﺎﮭﻟﺎﻣﻋأ تﯾظﺣ

دﺎّﻘﻧﻟاو نﯾﺛﺣﺎﺑﻟا .3

ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا نأ ﻻإ ّﻲﺑدأ ّنﻓ ﻲھو–

- ﺔﺻﻘﻟاو ﺔﯾاورﻟﺎﻛ ىرﺧﻷا يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ تﺎﻔﻟؤﻣ ﮫﺗﻟﺎﻧ يذﻟا مﺎﻣﺗھﻻا لﻧﺗ مﻟ

"ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ " ﺔﻧوﻧﻌﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا ﺔﯾﻣھأ زرﺑﺗو .ةرﯾﺻﻘﻟا –4

ثﺣﺎﺑﻟا رظﻧ ﻲﻓ -

ﺻﻼﺧ لﺛﻣﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ رﻛﻓ ﺔ

ﮭﺗﺎﯾﻠﺟﺗ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا دﺿ يردﻧﺟﻟا زﯾﯾﻣﺗﻟا ﺔﻟﺄﺳﻣ حرطﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ كﻟذ ؛ةأرﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺿﻗ ﺎ

ﻲﻓو ﺔﯾﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا تﺎﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا ﻲﻓو ةرﺳﻷا لﺧاد ةدﯾدﻌﻟا

ﮭﻟ حوﻣط ﻻ ﻰﮭﺗﺷﻣ ٌدﺳﺟو ّﻲﻔطﺎﻋ ٌنﺋﺎﻛ ةأرﻣﻟﺎﻓ .ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ لﺟرﻟاو ةأرﻣﻟا رودﻟ طﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا ﺔﻟﺄﺳﻣ شﻗﺎﻧﺗو .لﻣﻌﻟا ﺎ

جاوزﻟا ﻻإ ﺔﯾﺑرﺗو

نإ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ لﻋﺎﻔﻟا هرﺻﻧﻋو ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا زﻛرﻣ وھ لﺟرﻟا نﺈﻓ ىرﺧأ ةرﺎﺑﻌﺑ .حوﻣط وذ لﻗﺎﻋ رﻛﻔﻣ نﺋﺎﻛ لﺟ ّرﻟا نإ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ،دﻻوﻷا هذھ حرطﺑ ﻲﻔﺗﻛﺗ ﻻ يوادﻌﺳﻟا نأ ظﺣﻠﯾ ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا هذﮭﻟ ئرﺎﻘﻟاو .لﺻﻷا اذھ ﻰﻠﻋ عرﻓ وأ زﻛرﻣﻟا اذھ ﻰﻠﻋ شﻣﺎھ ﻲھ ةأرﻣﻟا كﯾﻛﻔﺗﺑ موﻘﺗ لﺑ ﺔﻠﻛﺷﻣﻟا ﻰﻟإ ثﺣﺎﺑﻟا ﻊﻓد ﺎﻣ اذھو .ﺔﯾﻘطﻧﻣو ﺎﻓﺎﺻﻧإ رﺛﻛأ ةروﺻﺑ ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ةروﻛذﻟا مﯾھﺎﻔﻣ ﺔﻏﺎﯾﺻ ةدﺎﻋإو ﺎھرﺻﺎﻧﻋ

ﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا لوﺎﻧﺗﯾ ل ّوﻷا :نﯾﻧﺛا نﯾﺛﺣﺑﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳاردﻟا تﻣِّﺳُﻗ دارﻣﻟا اذھ ﻖﯾﻘﺣﺗﻟو .ﺔﯾﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا روظﻧﻣ نﻣ ةرﯾﺳﻟا هذھ ﺔﺳارد ﺔﯾﻛﯾ

ﺎﺿﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﻘﯾﺑطﺗو ﺎﮭﻠﻣﻋ ﺔﻘﯾرطو فﺷﻛﻟ لﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟﺎﺑ "ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ " يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ ﺔﺑﺗﺎﻛﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا لوﺎﻧﺗﯾ ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟاو ،ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾ

.ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ةروﻛذﻟا ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟ ﺎھدﯾﺳﺟﺗ تﺎﯾﻟآ

-١ ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎھرودو ﺔﯾﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا

بﺎﺗﻛ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟاو لﺟرﻟا ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟ ﻲﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﻖﯾﺑطﺗﻟا ﺔﺳارد نإ

"

ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ

"

ﯾ ﺎﻣ تﺎﻔﺳﻠﻓ نﻣ ،ﺔﯾﻔﺳﻠﻓ ﺔﻛرﺣ نﻋ ثﯾدﺣﻟا ًﻼﺑﻗ ﻲﺿﺗﻘ

.كﻟذ رﯾﻏو ﺔﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟاو ﻲﺑدﻷا دﻘﻧﻟاو عﺎﻣﺗﺟﻻا مﻠﻋو ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭطﺎﺷﻧ تﻻﺎﺟﻣ تﻋوﻧﺗ ﺔﻛرﺣ ﻲھو .ﺔﯾﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا ﻲھو ﺔﺛادﺣﻟا دﻌﺑ دﯾرد كﺎﺟ ﻲﺳﻧرﻔﻟا فوﺳﻠﯾﻔﻟا ﺎﮭﻌﺿو ﻲﺗﻟا كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻓ نﻣ ًارﯾﺛﻛ ﺔﯾوﺳﻧﻟا ﺔﻛرﺣﻟا تدﺎﻔﺗﺳا دﻗو .ا

،كﯾﻛﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا موﻘﺗ

،ادﯾرد ﮫﯾﻣﺳﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺔﯾﺑرﻐﻟا روﺿﺣﻟا ﺎﯾﻘﯾزﯾﻓﺎﺗﯾﻣ

Metaphysics of PurePresence روﺣﻣﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا

تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛ لوﺣ ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗ

Binary Oppositions

،ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟا ،ﺔﺑﺎﺗﻛﻟاو مﻼﻛﻟا ،لﺎﯾﺧﻟاو ﻊﻗاوﻟا ،نﺎﺳﻧﻹاو ﷲ ،رﺷﻟاو رﯾﺧﻟا :لﺛﻣ

ﺟﻟاو حورﻟا ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺿﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ طﺑﺗرﺗو .لﻛﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ،ﻰﺛﻧﻷاو رﻛذﻟا ،دﺳ

ﺔﻔﯾﻧﻋ ًازﻛرﻣ لوﻷا فرطﻟا رﺑُﺗﻋا ثﯾﺣ

ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھ رﺧﻵا فرطﻟا رﺑُﺗﻋاو ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا تﻠﻣﻋ ﺔﻌﻧطﺻﻣ تﺎﻗورﻓ ﻲھ فﯾﻧﻌﻟا بﺗارﺗﻟا اذﮭﻟ ﺔﻠّﻛﺷﻣﻟا تﺎﻗورﻔﻟا هذھ نﺈﻓ ادﯾرد رظﻧ ﻲﻓو .5

ﻷا تﺎﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا ﻰﺗﺣ) ﺔﯾﺑرﻐﻟا (طﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا اذھ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﺑرﻐﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا ﻊﻣ كرﺗﺷﺗ ىرﺧ

بﺎﺳﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا ﻲﻓ نﯾﻓرطﻟا دﺣأ ﺔﻣﯾﻗ ءﻼﻋإ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺔﯾرﻛﻔﻟا تﺎھﺎﺟﺗﻻاو تﺎﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا تﻣﺎﻗ دﻘﻓ ،ةأرﻣﻟاو لﺟرﻟا ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺗﯾ ﺎﻣﯾﻓو .رﺧﻵا ﺔﯾروﻛذﻟا

هرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ لﺟرﻟا نﺄﺷ نﻣ ءﻼﻋﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻘﺗﺳﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ًﺎﻧﺋﺎﻛو ًﺎﺣورو ًارﻛﻔﻣو ًﻼﻗﺎﻋ دﺳﺟ ﻲھو لﺟرﻟا زﻛرﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ شﻣﺎھ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا تروﺻ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻠﻟ ًﺎﻌﻧﺎﺻو ﮫﺗاذﺑ ًﻼ

.ﺔﻌﯾﺑطﻠﻟ دادﺗﻣاو صﻗﺎﻧ لﺟرو ﻲﻧاوﮭﺷ نﺋﺎﻛو ﺔﻔطﺎﻋو

دﺎﺳﺟﻷا نإ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻗﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻗوﻠﺧﻣﻟا لﺎﺟرﻟا نادﯾﻣ لﻘﻌﻟﺎﻓ ،لوﻘﻌﻟا نﻋ ﺔﻠﺻﻔﻧﻣ ﺎﯾﺧﯾرﺎﺗ دﺎﺳﺟﻷا تﻧﺎﻛ ،ًﻻﺎﻣﺟإ ،ﻲﺑرﻐﻟا رﻛﻔﻟا ﻲﻔﻓ لﻗأ ءﺎﺳﻧﻟﺎﺑ ﺔطﺑﺗرﻣ ﻲھو ًﺎﻧﺄﺷ شﺎﻘﻧﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﯾﻠھأ مدﻌﺑ ﻲﺣوﯾ كﻟذ ّنﺄﻛو ﮫﺗاروﺎﺣﻣ نﻋ ﺎﻣﺎﻣﺗ ةأرﻣﻟا بّﯾﻏ نوطﻼﻓأ نأ ﻼﺛﻣ ظﺣﻠﻧﻓ .6

خوﺳﻣﻣ لﺟر ﻲﮭﻓ ،ه ّوﺷﻣ رﻛذ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا وطﺳرأ ف ّرﻋ دﻗو .ﻲﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا دﯾورﻓ كﻟذ ﻲﻓ ﮫﻌﺑﺎﺗو ،7

Freud ﺎﮭﻧﺄﺑ ةأرﻣﻟا ف ّرﻋ ثﯾﺣ

) يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ 2

1931 - ( ﺔﯿﺋاورو ﺔﺒﺗﺎﻛو ةﺪﻗﺎﻧو ﺔﺒﯿﺒط ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻣ

قﻮﻘﺣو نﺎﺴﻧﻹا قﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻌﻓاﺪﻣو ةأﺮﻤﻟا

ﺔﯿﻠﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺖﺟﺮﺨﺗو ،ﺔﯿﺑﻮﯿﻠﻘﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻤﺑ ﺔﺤﻠط ﺮﻔﻛ ﻲﻓ تﺪﻟو .صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺐﻄﻟا

ﺮﺒﻤﺴﯾد ﻲﻓ ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا 1954

ﺔﯾرﺪﺼﻟا ضاﺮﻣﻷا لﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺖﺼﺼﺨﺗو ﺔﺣاﺮﺠﻟاو ﺐﻄﻟا سﻮﯾرﻮﻟﺎﻜﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻠﺼﺣو ، .

ﻢﻠﻋو ﺲﻔﻨﻟا ﻢﻠﻋو ّﺐﻄﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﻻﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺟﺎﺘﻧإ ةراﺰﻐﺑ يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا فﺮﻌﺗو

ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾرادﻹا ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻗو .يﺮﺜﻨﻟا بدﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﺔﺳﺎﯿﺴﻟاو عﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ﺎﮭﯿﻠﻋ ت ّﺮﺟ ﺪﻗو .ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻐﻟا ﺔﯿﻤﯾدﺎﻛﻷا تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟا زﺮﺑأ ﻲﻓ ةﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﻠﻤﻋو ﺔﯿﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﯿﻗﻮﻘﺣ تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ةّﺪﻋ

،ﺲﻨﺠﻟاو ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺔﺳﺎﯿﺴﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﯿﺳ ﻻ ،ﺔﺌﯾﺮﺠﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﺎﺣوﺮط ﺪﻘﻓ .تﺎﻌﺒﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺮﯿﺜﻜﻟا

ﺎﯿﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻦﺠﺴﻠﻟ ﺖﺿ ّﺮﻌﺗ ) تادﺎﺴﻟا رﻮﻧأ ﺲﯿﺋﺮﻟا ﺪﮭﻋ ﻲﻓ

1918 1981- ﺎﯾﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﮭﺟاوو ،(

ءاردزا

ﻟا طﺎﻘﺳإ تاﻮﻋدو نﺎﯾدﻷا ﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﯾاﺪﺑو تﺎﻨﯿﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﮭﻧ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻄﺸﻧ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﯿﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔّﺻﺎﺨﻟا لﺎﯿﺘﻏﻻا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻌﺿو ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﺎﮭﻨﻋ ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﺴﻨﺠ

.تﺎﻨﯿﻌ

3 See: (ʿAfîf, 1980); (Tarabichi, 1984, 1987); (Beirut: Dâr At- Talîʿa, 1987).

4 (As- Saadawi, 1985).

5 (Derrida, 1970, pp. 247-265).

6 (Kolmar, Bartkowski, 2009, p.82),

7 (Aristotle, 1957, p. 123-124); See also: (Freeland, 1998).

(5)

Adress

ﻟإ رﻘﺗﻔﯾ ّﻲﺻﺧﻣ لﺟر ﺎﺿرﻣ رﺑﺗﻌﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﯾرﯾﺗﺳﮭﻟﺎﻓ .طﺎﺷﻧﻟا طرﻓ تﺎﻧوﻣرھ ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ وأ يرﯾﺗﺳھ نﺋﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻧأ نﻋ ًﻼﺿﻓ ،بﯾﺿﻘﻟا ﻰ

ﺎﯾرﯾﺗﺳﮭﻟا ظﻔﻟ نإ ﻰﺗﺣ ،طﻘﻓ ءﺎﺳﻧﻟﺎﺑ ﺎطﺑﺗرﻣ Hysteria

ﻲﻧﺎﻧوﯾ ظﻔﻟ نﻣ ﺔﻘﺗﺷﻣ Hestera

مﺣ ّرﻟا ﻲﻧﻌﯾو .8

ترﺎﻛﯾد ﻊﺿو نﯾﺣ رﺷﻋ ﻊﺑﺎﺳﻟا نرﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ لﺻﻔﻟا اذھ ﻖﻣﻌﺗ دﻗو Descartes

ﺔﯾرظﻧ ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا تﻧﺎﻛﻓ ،دﺳﺟﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟا نﯾﺑ لﺻﻔﻟا

ﺔﯾدﯾرﺟﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟﺎﺑ نﯾطﺑﺗرﻣ لﺎﺟرﻟا نﺎﻛ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻌﻗاوﻟا ةﺎﯾﺣﻟا فورظو دﺳﺟﻟاو ﺔﻌﯾﺑطﻟﺎﺑ تﺎطﺑﺗرﻣ اذھ س ّرُﻛ دﻗو .9

ﻌﯾﺑطﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻠﺻ تاذ مﺎﮭﻣ ﻲھ ةأرﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻛوﻣﻟا مﺎﮭﻣﻟﺎﻓ ؛ﻲﻟﺎﺣﻟا ﺎﻧرﺻﻋ ﻰﺗﺣ ًارﻣﺗﺳﻣ لظو ﺦﯾرﺎﺗﻟا رﺑﻋ موﮭﻔﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻋرو بﺎﺟﻧﻹﺎﻛ ﺔ

مﯾﻘﺗ ﺔﯾﻧﯾدﻟا فﺋاوطﻟا ضﻌﺑ نإ ﻰﺗﺣ ،دﻌﺑﻟا اذھ ﻲﻓ تﺎﻧاوﯾﺣﻟا ﮫﺑﺷﺗ ﺔﻠﻗﺎﻋ رﯾﻏ تﺎﻗوﻠﺧﻣ مﮭﻓ ﺔﻌﯾﺑطﻠﻟ ًادادﺗﻣا نوﻠﺛﻣﯾ نﯾذﻟا لﺎﻔطﻷا ﻌﯾ اوﻧﺎﻛ ،لﺎﻔطﻷاو ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا يأ ،مﮭﻧأ نﻋ ﻼﺿﻓ (ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا) ﻲﻋرﺷﻟا فﯾﻠﻛﺗﻟاو غوﻠﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣ ﻰﻟإ لﺎﻔطﻷا لﺎﻘﺗﻧﻻ ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻔﺗﺣا ًﺎﺳوﻘط نوﻠﻣﺎ

لﻗأ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا جﺎﺗﻧإ لﺎﺟﻣ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا روﺿﺣ نأ دﺟﻧ كﻟذﻛو .رﺻﺗﻧﻣﻟا شﯾﺟﻟا دوﻧﺟ نﯾﺑ مﮭﻣﺎﺳﺗﻗا مﺗﯾ ثﯾﺣ بورﺣﻟا ﻲﻓ تﺎﻛﻠﺗﻣﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻣ نﻣ ﻊﻣ لﻣﺎﻌﺗﻟا يأ ،ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا لﺑﻗ ﺎﻣ لﺣارﻣو تﺎﻧﺎﺿﺣﻟا ﻲﻓ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﻟا مظﻌﻣ نأ دﺟﻧ ،ًﻼﺛﻣ مﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا عﺎطﻗ ﻲﻔﻓ لﺟرﻟا روﺿﺣ نﻣ ﯾﺑطﻠﻟ ادادﺗﻣا نوﻠﻛﺷﯾ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﺟﻟا مﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا ﻲﻓ ثﺎﻧﻹا سﯾردﺗﻟا ﺔﺋﯾھ ءﺎﺿﻋأ ددﻋ ّلﻘﯾ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ،ًﺎﺛﺎﻧإ ،ﺔﻌ

نﯾدﺎﯾﻣﻟا زرﺑأ ىدﺣإ نوﻧﻔﻟا ّدﻌﺗو .10

رﻛذﻟا ﻲﻘﻠﺗﻣﻟا بطﺎﺧﺗ ﺎﻣ ةدﺎﻋ ﺎﮭﻧﻣ ﺔﯾرﺻﺑﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺧو نوﻧﻔﻟا نإ ثﯾﺣ ؛يروﻛذﻟا ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﻓ ﻰﻠﺟﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا .11

ﺔﻔﺳﻼﻔﻟا نﻣ دﯾدﻌﻠﻟ جذﺎﻣﻧ ﻲﻣاذﻐﻟا دﺷﺣ دﻗو ﺎﻣﺑ ةأرﻣﻟاو لﺟرﻟا نﯾﺑ قرﻔﻟا سﯾرﻛﺗﺑ مﮭﺗﺎﺑﺎﺗﻛ تﻣﺳﺗا نﯾذﻟا ﺎﺑرﻏو ﺎﻗرﺷ نﯾرﻛﻔﻣﻟاو

ﮫﻟ ﺎﺷﻣﺎھ ةأرﻣﻟاو ازﻛرﻣ لﺟرﻟا لﻌﺟﯾ .12

و ﺔﯾﻘﺋﺎﺛوﻟاو ﺔﯾﻔﺣﺻﻟا تﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣﻟا نﻣ ددﻋ ﻲﻓ ادﯾرد ثدﺣﺗ بﯾﺿﻘﻟا لوﺣ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا نﺄﺑ 13

Phallogocentrism نﺎﻛ

ﺳﻼﻔﻟاو نﯾرﻛﻔﻣﻟا نﻣ دﯾدﻌﻟا لﺎﻣﻋأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻧﻣﯾﮭﻣ ﺔﻣﺳ نﺎﻛﻻو دﯾورﻓو نوطﻼﻓأ مﮭﻧﻣ رﻛذ ﺔﻔ

Lacan

طﻧﺎﻛو وKant لﺟﯾھ Hegel رﺟدﯾھو Heidegger سوارﺗﺷ ﻲﻔﯾﻟو

Strauss - Lévi .

ﮫﺑﺎﺗﻛ ﻲﻓ ادﯾرد مدﻘﯾ ذإ ،ﺎﺿﯾأ ﺔﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟا ﻰﻟإ لﺟرﻟا لوﺣ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا اذھ ّدﺗﻣاو The Politics of Friendship¹⁴

ﺔﯾﺟوﻟوﯾﻧﯾﺟ ةءارﻗ

ﺔﻗادﺻﻟا ّنأ فﺷﻛﯾﻟ ﺔﻗادﺻﻟا موﮭﻔﻣﻟ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻊﻣﺟﺗ ﺎﻣ اردﺎﻧو ةأرﻣﻟﺎﺑ لﺟرﻟا ﻊﻣﺟﺗ لﻗأ لﻛﺷﺑو لﺎﺟرﻟا نﯾﺑ ﻊﻣﺟﺗ ﺎﻣ ةدﺎﻋ ﺔطﺑار ﻲھ

موﻘﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ةزﯾﻛرﻟا وھ ادﯾرد رظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾوﺧﻷا وأ ةوﺧﻷا موﮭﻔﻣو ،ﺎﯾزﺎﺟﻣ ةوﺧﻷا ﻰﻧﻌﻣ ذﺧﺄﺗ ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﻟا ﺎﮭﺗروﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗادﺻﻟاو ،ةأرﻣﻟﺎﺑ .ﺔﯾﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟا مظﻧﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ

ﻰﻟإ رﯾﺷﯾ هرﯾﻏو مدﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ لﻛ نإ ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا مظﻧﻟا نأ

و ﺔﯾﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﯾرﻛﻔﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟاو

، بﯾﺿﻘﻟا لوﺣ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻣﺳﯾ ﺎﻣ سﺎﺳأ ﻰﻠﻋ تﻣﺎﻗ

Phallocentrism ادﯾرد ﮫﯾﻣﺳﯾ ﺎﻣﻛوأ

Phallogocentrism ّﺑﻌﯾ ﮫﻧإ ثﯾﺣ ؛ﺔﯾﻟوﻣﺷ رﺛﻛأ ﮫﻧﺄﺑ ﮫﻘﺑﺎﺳ نﻋ ادﯾرد ﻰﻣﺳﻣ فﻠﺗﺧﯾ ثﯾﺣ

ر

ﻔﻟاو بﺎطﺧﻟاو ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ نﻣﯾﮭﻣ بﯾﺿﻘﻟا لوﺣ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا نأ نﻋ ﺔﯾﻧﺑﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾروﻛذﻟا ﺔﻧﻣﯾﮭﻟا ﻰﻟإ رﯾﺷﯾ لوﻷا ﻰﻣﺳﻣﻟا نإ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ رﻛ

بﺳﺣﻓ ﺔﯾوﻐﻠﻟا .15

ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا :لﺣارﻣ ثﻼﺛ لﻼﺧ نﻣ كﻟذ نوﻛﯾو ﺔﻌﻧطﺻﻣ ادﯾرد رظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻲھ ﻲﺗﻟا تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ كﯾﻛﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻓ موﻘﺗو ﻟا هذھ جرﺎﺧ رﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا نﻛﻣﯾ ﻻ ذإ تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ لﺧاد ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹا ﻲھ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ نﯾﻌﻣ موﮭﻔﻣ لﺎطﺑﻹ ﺔﻟوﺎﺣﻣ يأ نﻷ ﺎﮭﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗ دارﻣﻟا تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛ

موﮭﻔﻣﻟا كﻟذ ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ دﻣﺗﻌﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا تﺎﺣﻠطﺻﻣﻟا رﺳأ ﻲﻓ عوﻗوﻟا .16

ﻻ لﺻﻷا نإ ذإ .ﻲﻠﺻأ وھ ﺎﻣ ﺔﯾﻠﺻأ دﺎﺳﻓ نﺎﯾﺑ ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا هذھ لﻣﺷﺗو

نوﻛﯾﻟ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ (زﻛرﻣ) رﯾﺧﻟا ًﻼﺛﻣﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹا وأ شﻣﺎﮭﻟا وأ عرﻔﻟا دوﺟوﻟ ﻻإ ًﻼﺻأ نوﻛﯾ ّدﺿﻟﺎﻓ ؛(شﻣﺎﮭﻟا) ّرﺷﻟا دوﺟو ﻻوﻟ ًارﯾﺧ

.فرﻌُﯾ ّدﺿﻟﺎﺑ

اذﻛو .ﮫﯾﻠﻋ مھوﺗﻣﻟا لﺻﻷا دﺎﻣﺗﻋﻻ مھوﺗﻣ شﻣﺎھ ىوﺳ سﯾﻟ ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھ ﻰﻣﺳﯾ ﺎﻣ نﺈﻓ مﺛ نﻣو ًﺎﯾدوﺟو ًﺎطﺎﺑﺗرا شﻣﺎﮭﻟﺎﺑ طﺑﺗرﯾ لﺻﻷﺎﻓ نذإ ﻟا زﻛرﻣﻟا نﺈﻓ ﺔﻌﯾﺑطﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟاو دﺳﺟﻟﺎﺑ حورﻟاو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟﺎﺑ لﻘﻌﻟاو ،ةأرﻣﻟﺎﺑ لﺟرﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻻإ ًازﻛرﻣ نﻛﯾ مﻟ تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ ﻲﻓ مّھوﺗﻣ

لﻛﺷﺗﯾ نأ د ّرﺟﻣﺑ ﮫﺗﯾﻠﺻأ نﻋ دﺎﻌﺗﺑﻻا وأ ثوﻠﺗﻟﺎﺑ أدﺑﯾ لﺻﻷا نأو ضﺣﻣ لﺻأ كﺎﻧھ سﯾﻟ ﮫﻧأ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ اذھو .مّھوﺗﻣﻟا شﻣﺎﮭﻟا دوﺟوﻟ

17لﺻﺄﻛ . لوﻟدﻣﻟﺎﺑ لادﻟا ﺔﻠﺻﻟ ادﯾرد ﺔﺷﻗﺎﻧﻣ ﻲﻓ حوﺿوﺑ رﻣﻷا اذھ ﻰﻠﺟﺗﯾو وھ لوﻟدﻣﻟا نأ ادﯾرد ىرﯾ ﻻ ذإ ،18

وھ لادﻟاو لﺻأ

8 (King, 1993, p. 3-90).

9 (Kolmar, Bartkowski,p. 17).

10 See: (Ortner, 1974, pp. 68-87; 1989; 1996).

11 (Berger, 1972).

12 (Al-Ghathami, 1997, pp. 15-57).

13 (Derrida, September, 2000).

14 (Derrida, 2005).

15 https://wikidiff.com/phallogocentrism/phallocentrism

16 (Selden, 1996, 130).

17 (Derrida, Translator introduction, 1988, p. 30).

18 See: (Derrida, 1973, p. 141; 1976, pp. 27-73).

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7 62 / RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.19 (June)

Adress

ﮫﯾﻣﺳﯾ ﺎﻣ وھو .رارﻣﺗﺳﺎﺑ لوﻟدﻣﻟا ﻊﻣ لﺟؤﻣ دﻋوﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻘﺑﯾو فﻠﺗﺧﯾ ﺎﻣﺋاد لادﻟﺎﻓ مھوﺗﻣ لوﻟدﻣ وھ لوﻟدﻣﻟا نأ ىرﯾ لﺑ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺣإ فﻻ(ت)خﻻا ادﯾرد Différance

.لﻣﺗﻛﻣ رﯾﻏو مﺎﺗ رﯾﻏ لﺻأ ىوﺳ سﯾﻟ "لﺻأ" وھ ﺎﻣﻓ .

ﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ ﻲﻓ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ ﻲﮭﻓ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺛﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا ﺎﻣأ فﺷﻛ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻌﻟا هذھ فدﮭﺗو .ًﺎﻋرﻓ ﻲﻠﺻأ وھ ﺎﻣو ًﻼﺻأ عرﻓ وھ ﺎﻣ ﺢﺑﺻﯾﻓ ت

ﺔﯾﻣﺗﺣ رﯾﻏو ﺔﺗﺑﺎﺛ رﯾﻏ ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗﻟا نأ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺷؤﻣ اذھو .ًﻼﺻأ نوﻛﯾ نﻷ ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھ رﺑُﺗﻋا ﺎﻣ ﺔﯾﻠھأ نﺎﯾﺑو ل ّوﻷا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا فﯾز .19

ا ﺎﻣ نﯾﺑ بﺗارﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ نﻷ ،ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا هذھ دﻧﻋ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟﺎﺑ فوﻗوﻟا نﻛﻣﯾ ﻻو يأ .نﯾدﯾدﺟ ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھو ًازﻛرﻣ ﻖﻠﺧﯾ ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھو ًازﻛرﻣ ًﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ رﺑُﺗﻋ

ﻲﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا مﺎظﻧﻟا اذھ لﺧاد لﻣﻌﻟا ﻲھ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺛﻟﺎﺛﻟا ةوطﺧﻟا نوﻛﺗ اذﻟ .زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗو زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا نﻣ ﺔﯾﺋﺎﮭﻧ ﻻ ﺔﻣاود ﻲﻓ ﺎھدﻧﻋ لﺧدﻧﺳ طﻹا مﺗﯾ اذﻛھ ىرﺧأ لﺋادﺑ مﺎظﻧ ضرﻔﻟ ﮫﺿﻗﺎﻧﺗو هزﺟﻋ نﻋ فﺷﻛﻠﻟ ﮫﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗ يرﺟﯾ يذﻟا ﺔﻣﯾدﻘﻟا ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺣﺎ

.20

ﺎﻧﮭھ ظﺣﻼﻧو

ﺎﮭّﻠﻛ تﺎﻗورﻔﻟا ءﺎﻐﻟإ سﯾﻟو ،رﺧآ فرط ﺔﯾﺷﻣﺎھو فرط ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺣﺎطﻹا وھ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا نﻣ ضرﻐﻟا نأ هذھ ﻲﻓ ﮫﯾﻠﻋ د ِﻣﺗﻌﻣو رﺧﻵا ﻲﻓ مﻏدﻧﻣ فرط ّلﻛ نإ .رﺧﻵا مﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻣھدﺣأ موﻘﯾ نأ نﻛﻣﯾ ثﯾﺣﺑ ،نﯾﻓرطﻟا نﯾﺑ تﻗوﻟا ﻲﻓ ﮫﻧﻛﻟو ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا

.ﮫﻧﻋ فﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﮫﺳﻔﻧ ًازﻛرﻣ لﺟرﻟا لﻌﺟﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﻌﻧطﺻﻣﻟا تﺎﻗورﻔﻟا ءﺎﻐﻟإ وھ ﺔﻔﯾﻧﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗﻟا هذﮭﻟ بوﻠطﻣﻟا لﺋادﺑﻟا مﺎظﻧ نﺈﻓ ﻰﺛﻧﻷاو رﻛذﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓو رﺛإ رﺻﻧﻌﻛ فظوﺗ نأ بﺟﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ةأرﻣﻟاو لﺟرﻟا نﯾﺑ ﺔﯾرھوﺟﻟا تﺎﻗورﻔﻟا ءﺎﻐﻟإ سﯾﻟو ،طﻘﻓ ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھ ةأرﻣﻟاو ﻰﻠﻋ لﻣﻌﯾ رﺻﻧﻌﻛ ﻻ ءا

ﺔﯾﺳﻧﻹا ﻲﻓ ﮫﻧﺳﺣﺄﺑ ظﺎﻔﺗﺣﻻاو ﮫﻟﺎطﺑﺈﺑ ءﻲﺷﻟا زوﺎﺟﺗ وھ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا فدﮭﻓ ﺔﻔﯾﻧﻋ ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗ ﻖﻠﺧ ءﺎﻐﻟﻹ ﻰﻌﺳﯾ ﻻ كﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا نأ نﻋ ﻼﺿﻓ .21

أ ﻲﻓ ﺎھروﺻو ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﻠﺟﺗ لﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗو ﺎھدﻘﻧ ةرورﺿ ﻲﻐﻠﯾ ﻻ اذھ نﻛﻟ ﺔﻣﯾﻘﻟاو ﻰﻧﻌﻣﻟا جﺎﺗﻧﻹ ﺔﯾرورﺿ ﻲﮭﻓ ﺔﯾﺑﺗارﺗﻟا تﺎﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا ي

22بﺎطﺧ . لﻣﻌﺗﺳ مّدﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟإ ادﺎﻧﺗﺳاو ﺔﻗروﻟا

كﯾﻛﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﺟﺗ فﯾﻛ ةدﺻار "ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ" ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا لﯾﻠﺣﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻟﺎﺗﻟا ثﺣﺑﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﺛﺣﺑﻟا

.ثﻼﺛﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﯾﻛﻔﺗﻟا تﺎﯾﺟﯾﺗارﺗﺳﻻا ﻰﻟإ ادﺎﻧﺗﺳا ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ةروﻛذﻟا ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛ

-٢

"ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ" ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا لﯾﻠﺣﺗ

دﻘﺗ يذﻟا جذوﻣﻧﻟا نإ ةروﻛذﻟا موﮭﻔﻣ كﯾﻛﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾﺳﺎﺳأ ةروﺻﺑ موﻘﯾ ،"ﺔﺑﯾﺑط تارﻛذﻣ" ﺔﯾﺗاذﻟا ةرﯾﺳﻟا بﺎﺗﻛ ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ ﮫﻣ

ﻧﻷاو ًازﻛرﻣ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ةروﻛذﻟا .دﺳﺟﻟاو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟا لﺛﻣﺗ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو رﻛﻔﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟا لﺛﻣﺗ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ةروﻛذﻟا ؛يدﯾﻠﻘﺗﻟا ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ﺔﺛو

ذإ .ًﺎﻋرﻓ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ لﻣﻌﺗ

ﺔﻠطﺑ تارﻛذﻣﻟا .ﺎﮭﻟ لﯾدﺑ مﯾدﻘﺗو ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟا هذھ كﯾﻛﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ

اذھ صﺧﻠﺗو .ًﺎﺷﻣﺎھ ﻰﺛﻧﻷاو ًازﻛرﻣ رﻛذﻟا نوﻛﯾ نأ ﻲﻧﻌﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ ،ًﺎﯾدﯾﻠﻘﺗ ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ةروﻛذﻟا ﮫﯾﻧﻌﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﮭﺗﻟوﻔط ذﻧﻣ تارﻛذﻣﻟا ﺔﻠطﺑ فﺷﺗﻛﺗ ...ﻲﺧأ لﺛﻣ ًادﻟو تﺳﻟ ﻲﻧﻧأ وھ ...دﺣاو ﻰﻧﻌﻣ ىوﺳ يرظﻧ ﻲﻓ تﻧﺑ ﺔﻣﻠﻛﻟ نﻛﯾ مﻟ" :ﺎﮭﻟوﻗ ﻲﻓ

"

.23

ﻊﺗﻣﺗﯾ يذﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﺧأ لﺛﻣ تﺳﯾﻟ ﺎﮭﻧإ

ﺔﯾرﺣﻟا ﻖﻠطﻣ ﮫﻟو ،ﮫﺑﺗرﺗ نأ ﻲھ ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ بﺟﯾ يذﻟا هرﯾرﺳ بﺗرﯾ ﻻو ًارﺣ ﮫﻛرﺗ وأ هرﻌﺷ صﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻖﺣﻟا ﮫﻠﻓ ،رﻛذ ﮫﻧﻷ ةدﯾدﻋ تازﺎﯾﺗﻣﺎﺑ ﻷ اذھ ّلﻛ ﺎﮭﺗﻌطﻗ نﻣ رﺑﻛأ مﺣﻟ ﺔﻌطﻗ ذﺧﺄﯾو تﺎﯾﻗوذﻟﺎﺑ مازﺗﻟا نود ﮫﺗﺣارﺑ لﻛﺄﯾ وھو .بﻠﻘﺷﺗﻟاو زﻔﻘﻟاو بﻌﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻻ ﻲھو .رﻛذ ﮫﻧ

.ﻰﺛﻧﻷا ﺔﯾﺷﻣﺎھو رﻛذﻟا ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ لدﯾ اذھ ّلﻛ .ﻰﺛﻧأ ﺎﮭﻧﻷ تازﺎﯾﺗﻣﻻا هذﮭﺑ ﻊﺗﻣﺗﺗ

تاذ ﺎﮭﻣظﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ غوﻠﺑﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻋ ّنإ ذإ ،ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﯾوﺛﻧﻷا ﺎﮭﺗﯾﺷﻣﺎھ ز ّزﻌﺗﺗ ةﺎﺗﻔﻟا هذھ ﻰﻠﻋ غوﻠﺑﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻋ روﮭظ ءدﺑ ﻊﻣو هذھو ،نﯾدﮭﻧﻠﻟ زورﺑو ضﯾﺣ نﻣ دﺳﺟﻟﺎﺑ طﺎﺑﺗرا دوﻌﯾ ﻻ ثﯾﺣ ،ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ةﺎﺗﻔﻟا دوﺟو س ّرﻛﺗ ىرﺧأ ًاروﻣأ ﻊﺑﺗﺗﺳﺗ تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا

.رﻛذﻟا دﺎﯾﺻﻠﻟ ةدﯾرطو ﻰﮭﺗﺷﻣ ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ نﻛﻟو ﺔﻠﻔط ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ نورظﻧﯾ لﺎﺟرﻟا

ﻲﺗﻟا لﻣاوﻌﻟﺎﺑ ًﺎﻋرذ ﻖﯾﺿﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ دﺟﻧﻓ ،ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﯾﺷﻣﺎﮭﻟ ﺎﮭﺿﻓر ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا ﺔﻠﺣر أدﺑﺗ ﺎﻧھ نﻣ يوﺛﻧﻷا ﺎھدوﺟو سرﻛﺗ

؟ﺔﺛوﻠﻣﻟا ﺔﻘﯾرطﻟا هذھ رﯾﻏ تﺎﻧﺑﻟا ﺎﮭﺑ ﺞﺿﻧﺗ ىرﺧأ ﺔﻘﯾرط كﺎﻧھ نﻛﯾ مﻟأ" :لوﻘﺗﻓ ضﯾﺣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ فﯾﻧﻋ لﻌﻓ ّدر ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ نوﻛﯾ ذإ .يدﺳﺟﻟا

"...رﺎﻌﻟا اذﮭﺑ ًﺎﻌﯾﻣﺟ نﮭﻣﺻوﻓ تﺎﻧﺑﻟا هرﻛﯾ ﷲ نأ دﺑ ﻻ ؟ﺔﯾدارإﻼﻟا ﮫﺗﻼﺿﻋ ةرطﯾﺳ تﺣﺗ ًﺎﻣﺎﯾأ شﯾﻌﯾ نأ نﺎﺳﻧﻹ نﻛﻣﯾأ .24

19 (Derrida, Translator introduction, 1988, p. 29).

20 (Derrida, Translator introduction, 1988, pp. 18-19).

21 (Khezorloo, 2010, pp. 123-137).

22 (Derrida, 1981, 42).

23 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 5).

24 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 8)

. :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا يأر ﻦﻋ ﺮﺒﻌﯾ ﻻو يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ يأر ﻦﻋ ﺮﺒﻌﯾ سﺎﺒﺘﻗﻻا

(7)

Adress

دﺟﻧو .ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟ روﻣﺄﺑ نﯾوﺿﻌﻟا نﯾذھ طﺎﺑﺗرا ﺎﻣﯾﺳ ﻻ ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎھدوﺟو سرﻛﯾ يذﻟا ﺎﮭﯾدﮭﻧ روﮭظ هﺎﺟﺗ ﺎﮭﺗاذ لﻌﻔﻟا ةّدر ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ

دﺳﺟ ّﻖﺣﺑ مادﻋﻹا مﻛﺣ ذّﻔﻧﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ .ًﺎﯾوﺛﻧأ ًﺎﯾدﺳﺟ ًﺎﺣﻣﻠﻣ ّدﻌﯾ يذﻟا لﯾوطﻟا ﺎھرﻌﺷ صﻘﺗ ﻲھو .نﯾﻛﺳﺑ ﺎﻣﮭﺛﺎﺛﺗﺟا ﺎﮭﻧﺎﻛﻣﺈﺑ نﺎﻛ وﻟ ﻰﻧﻣﺗﺗو ﺎھ

وﺟوﻣ دوﻌﯾ ﻼﻓ ﻲﻣأ دﯾ تﻧﺎﻛ" :لوﻘﺗ ذإ ،ًارﯾﺻﻗ ﺎھرﻌﺷ تﺻﻗ نﯾﺣ ﺎﮭﻟ ﺎﮭّﻣأ برﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺎﮭﺗارﺎﺑﻋ ﮫﻠﻣﺣﺗ ﺎﻣ اذھو ًاد

"ﺔﻔﯾﻔﺧﻟا ﺔﻌﻔﺻﻟا وأ ةدﺣاوﻟا ﺔطﺧﺷﻟا ﻲﻧﯾﻛﺑﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺎﻧأ ؟كﺑأ مﻟ فﯾﻛ .تﯾﻧارﻐﻟا نﻣ ةرﺧﺻﺑ مطﺗرﺗ ﻲھ ﺎﻣﻧﺄﻛ ﻲﮭﺟوﺑ مطﺗرﺗ

25

ا رارﻗ تذﻔﻧ" :ﺎﮭﻟوﻘﺑ ﺔﺣارﺻ كﻟذ نﻋ رﺑﻌﺗو

"دوﺟوﺑ ﮫﻟ رﻌﺷأ دﻋأ مﻠﻓ يدﺳﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ مادﻋﻹ .26

ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﻟ ﮫﺗرظﻧ ضﻓرﺗ ﺎھدﺟﻧ ذإ ،ﺎﮭﺑ شرﺣﺗﻟا لوﺎﺣ يذﻟا باوﺑﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻠﻌﻓ ّدر ﻲﻓ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻘﻟ لوﻷا ﺢﻣﻠﻣﻟا رﮭظﯾو ﻣ ﮫﺗﻛﻠﺳ يذﻟا كوﻠﺳﻟا تاذ وھو ،ﺔﯾدﺳﺟﻟا ﮫﺗﺎﺟﺎﺣﺑ طﺑﺗرﻣ ّﻲﻧاوﮭﺷ نﺋﺎﻛ ةروﺻ ﻲﻓ لﺟرﻟا مّدﻘﺗ ﮫﺳﻔﻧ تﻗوﻟا ﻲﻓ لوﺎﺣ نﯾﺣ ﺎﮭﻣﻋ نﺑا ﻊ

ﮫﻠﯾﺑﻘﺗ ﻲﻓ بﻏرﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻧأ نﻣ مﻏرﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻠﯾﺑﻘﺗ .27

لوﻘﺗ ذإ ،ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧﻟ ﮫﺗﻘﻠﺧ يذﻟا صﺎﺧﻟا ﺎﮭﻣﻟﺎﻋ لﻼﺧ نﻣ اذھ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ زرﺑﯾو :

تﻠﻌﺟ ...ﻲﻟﺎﯾﺧ ﻊﻧﺻ نﻣ ﺎﺻﺎﺧ ًﺎﻣﻟﺎﻋ ﻲﺳﻔﻧﻟ تﻘﻠﺧ"

ﻋ ﻲﻓ تﺳﻠﺟ ...ﻲﺗﻣدﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ موﻘﺗ ةزﺟﺎﻋ تﺎﻗوﻠﺧﻣ لﺎﺟرﻟا نﻣ تﻠﻌﺟو ،ﺔﮭﻟإ ﻲﺳﻔﻧ نﻣ قوﻓ سﺋارﻌﻟا بﺗرأ ،ﻊﯾﻓرﻟا ﻲﺷرﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻣﻟﺎ

"ضرﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ نﺎﯾﺑﺻﻟا ﻊﺿأو ﻲﺳارﻛﻟا يأ ءﺎﯾﺑﻏأ مدﺧ لﺎﺟرﻟاو حور يأ ﺔﮭﻟآ ﻲﮭﻓ ﺔﺧرﺎﺻ ةروﺻ ﻲﻓ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ رﮭظﯾ ﺎﻧھ .28

ﺗ ﺎﻣ وھ ﻰﻧﻌﻣﻟا اذھو .نﯾﺷﻣﮭﻣ دﺎﺳﺟأ لﺎﺟرﻟا لﻌﺟﺗو ًارﺑدﻣ ًﻼﻘﻋو ًﺎﺣور ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ةأرﻣﺎﻛ زﻛرﻣﺗﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ .لﻘﻋ نود دﺎﺳﺟأ ًﺎﺿﯾأ ﮫﻠﻣﺣ

.ضرﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ نﺎﯾﺑﺻﻟاو ﻲﺳارﻛﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ سﺋارﻌﻟا ﻊﺿوﻟ ﺔﯾزﻣرﻟا ﺔﻟﻻدﻟا

ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا ﺎﯾﻧد نﻣ رﻔﻧﺗ ﻲﮭﻓ .ًﻼﻘﻋ ﺎﮭﺑّﺻﻧﯾ ﺎﻣ لﻛﺑ ﻊﻟوﺗ لﺑﺎﻘﻣﻟا ﻲﻓو ،ادﺳﺟ ﺎﮭﺳرﻛﯾ ﺎﻣ لﻛ نﻣ روﻔﻧﻟا ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ رﻣﺗﺳﺗو ﺟ) ﺔﻣدﺎﺧ ضﺣﻣ ﺎﮭﻠﻌﺟﺗو ةأرﻣﻟا لﻘﻋ ردﺎﺻﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا فﯾظﻧﺗﻟاو ﺦﺑطﻟﺎﺑ ةدودﺣﻣﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻲﺗدﺣو ﻲﻓ ﻲﺗﺎﯾﺣ ّﻲﻠﻋ صّﻐﻧﯾ نﻛﯾ مﻟ" :لوﻘﺗﻓ .(دﺳ

ﺎﮭﻧﻣ حوﻔﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ةدودﺣﻣﻟا ﺔﺣﯾﺑﻘﻟا ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا ﺎﯾﻧد ...ﺦﺑطﻟاو تﯾﺑﻟا لﺎﻣﻋأ ...ﻲﮭﺗﻧﺗ ﻻ ﻲﺗﻟا ةرﯾﺛﻛﻟا ﺎھرﻣاوﺄﺑ ...ﻲﻣأ ىوﺳ ﻲﺳﺋارﻋو ﻲﻟﺎﯾﺧ

"لﺻﺑﻟاو موﺛﻟا ﺔﺣﺋار .29

ﺑﺎﻗأ تﻧﻛ" :لوﻘﺗﻓ ،ﺎﮭﺋﺎﻛذﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﺑأ فارﺗﻋﺎﺑ دﻌﺳﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ لﺑﺎﻘﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ وھو ﻲﺑأ ﻊﻣﺳأو ..ﻲﺑأ ءﺎﻗدﺻأ مظﻌﻣ ل

ﺔﺣﺋار ﺎﮭﻧﻣ حوﻔﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﺑﯾﺋﻛﻟا ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا ﺎﯾﻧد نﻣ ﻲﻧﻠﺷﺗﻧﯾ ﻲﺋﺎﻛذﺑ ﮫﻓارﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﺑأ نأ سﺣأو ﺔﺣرﻔﻟﺎﺑ رﻌﺷﺄﻓ ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻗوﻔﺗ نﻋ مﮭﺛّدﺣﯾ

"جاوزﻟاو لﺻﺑﻟا .30

ﺗﺑطﺧﻟ ﺎھدﻟاو ءﺎﻗدﺻأ دﺣأ مدﻘﺗﯾ نﯾﺣﻓ ،ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﯾﺷﻣﺎﮭﻟ ﺎﮭﺿﻓر يوادﻌﺳﻟا ﻊﺑﺎﺗﺗو زرﺑﯾ يذﻟا نﺎﺗﺳﻔﻟا يدﺗرﺗ نأ ضﻓرﺗ ،ﺎﮭ

ﻛﻧﺗو لﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﺑﺟﺎﺣ ي ّوﺳﺗ ﻻ ﺎھدﺟﻧ بﺑﺳﻟا تاذﻟو ،ادﺳﺟ نوﻛﺗ نأ ضﻓرﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﻷ ﺎھردﺻ ﺛ

ﮫﻟ ﺎﮭﺿﻓر ّدﺗﺷﯾو ،لﺟرﻟا كﻟذ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ لﺑﻗ ﺎﻣﮭ

رﻣﺗ نﻣ ﻲﻠﻌﺗ ذإ ﺎﻧھ ﻲھو .ﻲﺳاردﻟا ﺎﮭﻗوﻔﺗ نﻋ ﺎھدﻟاو ثﯾدﺣ ﻰﻟإ ﻲﻐﺻﯾ نأ نود ﺎھدﺳﺟ ﻰﻟإ رظﻧﻟﺎﺑ مﺗﮭﻣ ﮫﻧأ ظﺣﻠﺗ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎھزﻛ

وھ لﻘﻌﻟا ودﻐﯾو .ًادﺳﺟ لﺟرﻟاو ًﻼﻘﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا ﺢﺑﺻﺗ ذإ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺳﻟا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ ﮫﻧإ .ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﮫﺗاوﮭﺷو هدﺳﺟﻟ ًارﯾﺳأ لﺟرﻟا ﻊﺿﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ ﺎﮭﻟوﻗ ﻲﻓ اذھ ظﺣﻠﻧو يوادﻌﺳﻟا رظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا مﻟﺎﻌﻟا :

رﯾﺑدﺗﻟا ﺔﺻﺣ ادﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا تﺑﺑﺣأو ﻲﺑﺗﻛﻣ ةرﺟﺣ ادﻋ ﺎﻣ تﯾﺑﻟا تھرﻛ"

و ﻲﻟزﻧﻣﻟا

"ﺔﻌﻣﺟﻟا موﯾ ادﻋ ﺎﻣ عوﺑﺳﻷا مﺎﯾأ تﺑﺑﺣأ .31

ﺔﯾروﺗﺎﻛﯾرﺎﻛ ةروﺻ مﺳرﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ ،ًﺎﯾﻠﻘﻋ ﺎﮭﯾﻓ زﻛرﻣﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا هذھ ﻲﻓو

ﮫﺗاذﻠﻣ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻗرﺎﻏ ًادﺳﺟ هرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ هدوﺟو سرﻛﺗ جوزﻠﻟ .32

رظﻧﯾ نﻣ ّلﻛ ﺎﮭﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻣﺣر تﺣﺗ ﻊﺿﺗﻟ بطﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺳاردﻟا ﺎھرﺎﯾﺗﺧﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎھزﻛرﻣﺗ ةﺎﺗﻔﻟا هذھ ﻊﺑﺎﺗﺗو ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ

لوﻘﺗ ذإ ﺎھﺎﺧأو ﺎھﺎﺑأو ﺎﮭﻣأ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ :

ّلﻛ لﻌﻓأ نأ ﻊﯾطﺗﺳأ ﻲﻧﻧأو ...لﺎﺟرﻟا لﻛ نﻣو لﺟرﻟا نﻣو ﻲﺧأ نﻣ ءﺎﻛذ رﺛﻛأ ﻲﻧﻧأ ﻲﻣﻷ تﺑﺛﺄﺳ"

..ﻊﻠﮭﻟا نﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻣأ ضﻔﺗﻧﯾ ﻲﺧأ لﻌﺟﺄﺳو ..عوﺷﺧو ﺔﻋارﺿ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻠطﺗﺗو فوﺧﻟا نﻣ فﺟﺗرﺗ ﻲﻣأ لﻌﺟﺄﺳ ...رﺛﻛأو رﺛﻛأو ﻲﺑأ ﮫﻠﻌﻔﯾ ﺎﻣ

"...مﺎﺣرﺗﺳاو ءادﺟﺗﺳا ﻲﻓ ّﻲﻟإ رظﻧﯾ ﻲﺑأ لﻌﺟﺄﺳو .33

ﻰﻠﻋ ًﺎﻣوﺟھ نﺷﺗ ﻲھ ﺎھو .ﺔﺑﯾﺑطﻛ ﺎﮭﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻣﺣر تﺣﺗ ةأرﻣاو ًﻼﺟر دﺳﺟﻟا ﻊﺿﺗ نﯾﺣ ﺎھدﺟﻣ يوادﻌﺳﻟا دﺟﺗ بطﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ ﺔﺣرﺷﻣ ﻲﻓو ﮭﻠﻘﻋ فرﺻﺗ تﺣﺗ ًﺎﺿﺣﻣ ًادﺳﺟ ادﻏ دﻗو ﮫﻧﻣ مﻘﺗﻧﺗ موﯾﻟا ﺎﮭﺑ اذﺈﻓ ،ًادﺳﺟ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ رظﻧﯾ نﺎﻛ يذﻟا لﺟرﻟا لوﻘﺗ .ﺎ

: نأ روﺻﺗأ مﻟ"

رﯾ مﻟو ًﺎﻣوﯾ ّيدﮭﻧ ﻰﻟإ رظﻧ يذﻟا بﯾﺋﻛﻟا لﺟرﻟا كﻟذ ...وﺣﻧﻟا اذھ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺟرﻟا نﻣ ﻲﻟ مﻘﺗﻧﺗ وأ ...ﺔﻋرﺳﻟا هذﮭﺑ ﻲﻣأ بّذﻛﺗ فوﺳ ةﺎﯾﺣﻟا

25 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 15).

26(As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 23).

27 (As- Saadawi, 1985, pp. 18-19).

28 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 10).

29 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 10).

30 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 11).

31 (As- Saadawi, 1985, pp. 16-17).

32 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 9, 21).

33 (As- Saadawi, 1985, pp. 21-22).

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7 64 / R umeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.19 (June)

Adress

"هردﺻ ﻰﻟإ ﮫﻣﺎﮭﺳ ّدرأ يذﻧﺄھ ...ﺎﻣھاوﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﯾﻛ نﻣ لوﻘﺗﻓ دﺳﺟ ضﺣﻣ نوﻛﺗ نأ تﺿﺗرا ﻲﺗﻟا َةأرﻣﻟا مﺟﺎﮭﺗ ﮫﺳﻔﻧ مﺎﻘﻣﻟا ﻲﻓو .34

:

تﺣﺗ نارﻘﺗﺳﺗ ﺎﻣھ ﺎھ ...مﮭﻧوﯾﻋو لﺎﺟرﻟا لوﻘﻋ نﻼﻐﺷﺗو تﺎﻧﺑﻟا لﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣ ناددﺣﺗ نﺎﺗﻠﻟا ..ﻲﺗﻟوﻔط ﻲﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﺗﺑذﻋ نﺎﺗﻠﻟا مﺣﻠﻟا ﺎﺗﻌطﻗ"

"مﮭﻧوﯾﻋو لﺎﺟرﻟا بوﻠﻗ ﻸﻣﯾ ﺎﻣ ﮫﻔﺗأ ﺎﻣو !تﺎﻧﺑﻟا لﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣ لﺣﺿأ ﺎﻣ !ﺔﯾذﺣﻷا دﻠﺟ نﻣ نﯾﺗﻌطﻘﻛ نﯾﺗدﻌﺟﻣ نﯾﺗﺳﺑﺎﯾ ﻲطرﺷﻣ .35

و وھ ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو نﺎﻛ اذإو ّلﻛ ﻲﻐﻠﯾ توﻣﻟﺎﻓ ،لﻘﻌﻟا توﻣ ﮫﻧﻷ ﺎﻣﻧإ دﺳﺟﻟا توﻣ ﮫﻧﻷ سﯾﻟ توﻣﻟا نﻣ ﺎﮭﻋزﻓ نﺈﻓ ،ﺎﮭﻠﻘﻋ دوﺟ

"دﺿﺎﻧﻣﻟا قوﻓ ﻲﻣﺎﻣأ ةدودﻣﻣﻟا ثﺛﺟﻟا هذﮭﻛ ﺔﺛﺟ ﺢﺑﺻأو توﻣأ نﻟ ،ﻻ" :لوﻘﺗ ﺎھدﺟﻧ اذﻟ دﺳﺟﻟا رﯾﻏ ﻲﻘﺑﯾ ﻻو ﺎھدوﺟو ّدﺑﺗﺳﺗو .36

ﻣ ﺎﮭﺑ ضرﻌﺗﺳﺗ تﺎﺣﻔﺻ سﻣﺧ درﻔﺗﻓ ،ﺔﯾﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﯾﺳﺟرﻧ يوادﻌﺳﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﯾﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﯾزﻛرﻣ دﻛؤﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺑطﻟا ﺎﮭﻓرﺎﻌ

.37

دﺎﺳﻓ تﺑﺛﯾ نﺄﺑ ًﻼﯾﻔﻛ نﺎﻛ لﺟرﻟا ﮫﺑ تﻧﺟﺳ يذﻟا يدﺳﺟﻟا شﯾﻣﮭﺗﻟاو يوادﻌﺳﻟا ﮫﺗﻌطﻗ يذﻟا ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا نﻣ رﯾﺑﻛﻟا طوﺷﻟا نإ سﯾﻟ زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ نﻛﻟ .ﮫﺗﻔﯾظو ىدأ دﻗ ﻖﺑﺎﺳﻟا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا بﻠﻗ نوﻛﯾ اذﮭﺑو ،ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ةروﻛذﻠﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﺳﻟا مﯾﺳﻘﺗﻟا ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ﮫﻧإ فﺎطﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﮭﻧ

ﺎھدﺳﺟ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا ﺎھزﻛرﻣﺗﺑ يوادﻌﺳﻟا تﻌﻣﻗ دﻘﻟ .ىرﺧأ بﻧاوﺟ ﻊﻣﻘﻟ ﺔﺟﯾﺗﻧ ﻻإ وھ ﺎﻣ ،ﺎﻣ بﻧﺎﺟ زﻛرﻣﺗ نأ رﮭظﯾو .ﺔﯾﺎﻏ سﯾﻟو ﺎھدﻧﻋ ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟا تأدﺑو ﺔﯾدﺎﺣﻷا هذﮭﺑ ﺎﮭﻘﯾﺿ ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ رﮭظﯾ أدﺑو ﮫﺟھو وﺑﺧﯾ أدﺑ دﻘﻓ ﮫﺗﻔﯾظو ىدأ دﻗ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا نأ ﺎﻣﺑو .ﺎﮭﺗﻔطﺎﻋو ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟا ّيدﺎﺣﻷا زﻛرﻣﺗﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﻓ أدﺑ ﻲﺗﻟا ةرﺗﻔﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻰﻔﺷﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ًﺎﯾﻔطﺎﻋ ةرﯾﺛﻣﻟا فﻗاوﻣﻟا نﻣ دﯾدﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺎھرورﻣ دﻌﺑ لﻘﻌﻟا بﻧﺎﺟ ﻰﻟإلﺳﻧﺗ

.ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ ﮫﺗﯾزﻛرﻣ دﻘﻔﯾ

ﺛﻣﯾ يذﻟا لﻔطﻟا اذﮭﻓ دﺳﺟﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟا نﯾﺑ ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣﻟا مادﻌﻧا نﻣ ةدﯾدﺟ ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟ ًﺎﻧﯾﺷدﺗ تﯾﻣﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا دﺳﺟ نﻣ لﻔطﻟا ةدﻻو تﻠﻛﺷو نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ل

ﻰﺛﻧأ /رﻛذ رﺧآ فرط بﺎﺳﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ فرطﻟ ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣ دوﺟو مدﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺷؤﻣ اذھ نإ .تﯾﻣﻟا دﺳﺟﻟا نﻣ دﻟوُﯾ ًﺎﯾزﺎﺟﻣ رﻛﻔﻣﻟا لﻗﺎﻌﻟا ﻲﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﻟوﻘﺑ ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا هذھ جوﺗﺗو .دﺳﺟ /حور ،ﺔﻔطﺎﻋ /لﻘﻋ :

قﺎطﻧ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺛوﻧﻷاو ﺔﻟوﺟرﻟا قﺎطﻧ نﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﻣﻋأ ﻲﻓ يذﻟا عارﺻﻟا جرﺧ"

"ءﺎﻌﻣﺟ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺳﻧﻹا .38

أ ﻻإ ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﻟا ثﯾﺣ فﯾرﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻠﺣر ﻲﻓ بھذﺗ ﺎﮭﺑ اذﺈﻓ ،سﺎﺑﺣﻧﻻا نﻣ ةرﺗﻔﻟا هذھ دﻌﺑ ضﯾوﻌﺗ ﻰﻟإ نﺎﺟﺎﺗﺣﯾ ﺎھدﺳﺟو ﺎﮭﺗﻔطﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﮭﺗﺑﻛ ن

"لﻘﻌﻟا نﻣ ًءﺎﻛذ رﺛﻛأ ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟا نأ تﺳﺳﺣأ" :لوﻘﺗ ذإ ﺎﮭﻠﻘﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻣدﻘﺗو لﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﻔطﺎﻌﺑ ﻲﻔﺗﺣﺗﻓ ،ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻌﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ تادﯾﻘﻌﺗ نﻋ دﻌﺑﻟاو .39

وﻘﺗﻓ ﺎھدﺳﺟﺑ ﻲﻔﺗﺣﺗ ﺎﻣﻛ :ل

ﮫﻟإ ﻲﻣدﻗ دﻧﻋ ًﺎﺣﺑذ ﮫﺗﺣﺑذ يذﻟا ﻰﺛﻧﻷا ةأرﻣﻟا دﺳﺟ ... مادﻋﻹﺎﺑ ﮫﯾﻠﻋ تﻣﻛﺣ يذﻟا يدﺳﺟ وھ ﺎھ ..تﮭﺑﻧﺗو"

"دﯾدﺟ نﻣ ةﺎﯾﺣﻟا ﮫﺑ ّبدﺗ يدﺳﺟ وھ ﺎھ ...لﻘﻌﻟاو مﻠﻌﻟا زﻛرﻣﺗ ﺎﻧھ ﺎھ ﮫّﻧﻛﻟ ،لﻘﻌﻟا لﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻓ دﺳﺟﻟاو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ زﻛرﻣﺗﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ .40

ﺎﻏ زﻛرﻣﺗ ﮫﻧإ ًﺎﺿورﻔﻣ سﯾﻟو ٍعاو يرﺎﯾﺗﺧا .ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ نﻣ ةزﺎﺟإ ﻻإ هذھ تﺳﯾﻠﻓ لﻘﻌﻟا ءﺎﻐﻟإ نود ﻖﺑﺎﺳ نﺎﻣرﺣ نﻋ ضﯾوﻌﺗﻟا ﮫﺗﯾ

.لﺟرﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺎﮭﺗﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻻ ﺎﮭﺗاذ لﺧاد مﺗﯾ ﮫﻧﻷ ﺔﯾوﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﺷﻣﮭﻣ ﺎﮭﻠﻌﺟﯾ ﻻ زﻛرﻣﺗ كﻟذﻛ وھو

ﻲﻔطﺎﻌﻟا نﺎﻣرﺣﻟا نإ

،هﻼﻋأ نﯾﺑﺗ ﺎﻣﻛ ،ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ تارﻛذﻣﻟا ﺔﻠطﺑ ﮫﺗﺿرﻓ يذﻟا ﮭﻧﺑ ﮫﻋﺎﺑﺷإ ﻰﻟإ ﺎﮭﻌﻓدﯾ

ﺎﮭﻓ ًﺎﯾﻠﻘﻋ تﻔﺗﻛا نأ دﻌﺑ دﯾدﺷ م

تﻓرﻋو ﻲﺧأ تﻘﻧﺎﻋو ...ﻲﺗوﻧﺑ ﻰﻧﻌﻣ تﻣﮭﻓو ﻲﺑأ تﻘﻧﺎﻋو ،ﻲّﻣأ ﺎﮭﻧأ ّسﺣأ ة ّرﻣ ل ّوﻷو ،ﻲﻣأ تﻘﻧﺎﻋو ةﺎﯾﺣﻠﻟ ﻲﻋارذ تﺣﺗﻓ" :لوﻘﺗ ﻲھ .ﻲﻧﺻﻘﻧﯾ لاز ﻻ ءﻲﺷ ..ءﻲﺷ نﻋ ثﺣﺑأ ﻲﻟوﺣ تﻔﻠﺗ" :لوﻘﺗﻓ لﺟر ﻻإ ﮫﺋﻔطﯾ ﻻ ﻲﻔطﺎﻌﻟا نﺎﻣرﺣﻟا اذھ نأ ﻻإ ."ة ّوﺧﻷا روﻌﺷ نﻋ ..

"؟وھ نﻣ ..ﻲﻧﻋ ًﺎﺑﺋﺎﻏ لاز ﻻ دﺣأ .41

هرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﮫﯾﻟإ رظﻧﺗﺳ لھو ؟ﻻ مأ شﻣﺎﮭﻟاو زﻛرﻣﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻖﻓو ﮫﻌﻣ عارﺻﻟا نﻋ تﻠﺧﺗ لﮭﻓ لﺟرﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻟإ ةﺎﺗﻔﻟا هذھ ﻊﺟرﺗ ﺎﻧھ

؟ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا هذھ تطﺧﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ مأ لﻘﻋ ﻲھو ﺔﻔطﺎﻋ وأ ًادﺳﺟ

ظﻧ نأ ًﺎﯾﻠﺟ رﮭظﯾو .بوﻠطﻣﻟا صﺧﺷﻟﺎﺑ يوادﻌﺳﻟا ﻲﻘﺗﻠﺗو لﻛ ،ﮫﻧﻋ ﺎﮭﺛﯾدﺣ ﻲﻓ ،ﻲﻔﺗﺧﺗ ذإ ،ﮫﻣﺻﺧﻟ مﺻﺧﻟا ةرظﻧ نﻛﺗ مﻟ ﮫﯾﻟإ ﺎﮭﺗر

.لﺎﺟرﻟا ﺎﮭﺑ فﺻﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﻟا ةرﻔﻧﻣﻟا تﺎﻔﺻﻟا دﻘﻓ .ﮫﺗﯾﺻﺧﺷﻟ ﺔﺑﺗﺎﻛﻟا ضرﻋ نﻣ ﺢﺿﺗﯾ ﺎﻣ اذھو

صﺧﺷﻟا اذھ ﻰﻠﻋ يوادﻌﺳﻟا تﻓرﻌﺗ

توﻣﻠﻟ ةدﯾدﺟ ةرظﻧ تﻛﻠﺗﻣا دﻗ ﺎﮭﻧأ ظﺣﻠﻧ قﺎﯾﺳﻟا اذھ ﻲﻓو .ﺔﺿﯾرﻣﻟا ﮫﻣأ ذﺎﻘﻧﻹ ﺎﮭﺑﻠط نﯾﺣ نﯾﺣﻓ .ﻖﺑﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﻟا كﻠﺗ رﯾﻏ

ﻊﻗاو ﻰﻟإ تﺻﻠﺧ دﻗو نﻵا ﺎﻣأ .ًﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ نﯾﺑﺗ ﺎﻣﻛ ضﺣﻣ دﺳﺟ ﻰﻟإ ﻲﺣﻟا نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ل ّوﺣﯾ يذﻟا توﻣﻟا نﻣ رﻔﻧﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ دﺳﺟﻟا نﻣ رﻔﻧﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺟﻧ ذإ ،رّﯾﻐﺗﺗ توﻣﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺎﮭﺗرظﻧ نﺈﻓ حورﻟاو دﺳﺟﻟاو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﻟاو لﻘﻌﻟا نﻣ ﺞﯾزﻣ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا نﺄﺑ ﮫﯾﻓ فرﺗﻌﺗ دﯾدﺟ بﺎﺷﻟا اذھ بﯾﺟُﺗ ﺎھد

34 (As- Saadawi, 1985, pp. 25).

35 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 27).

36 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 27).

37 (As- Saadawi, 1985, pp. 28-32).

38 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 39).

39 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 43).

40 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 44).

41 (As- Saadawi, 1985, p. 51).