Nawal El-Saadawi romanlarında varoluşsal kadınların krizi يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾدﻮﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻤﻟا ةأﺮﻤﻟا

(1)

5 04 / RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.S7 (October) The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels / M. H. M. Abdel Qader (pp. 504-520)

Adres Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Kayalı Kampüsü-Kırklareli/TÜRKİYE e-posta: editor@rumelide.com

Address

Kırklareli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Kayalı Campus-Kırklareli/TURKEY e-mail: editor@rumelide.com

يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾدﻮﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻤﻟا ةأﺮﻤﻟا

1

Malek Hassan Mahmoud ABDUL QADER² APA: Abdul Qader, M. H. M. (2020). Nawal El-Saadawi romanlarında varoluşsal kadınların krizi.

RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (Ö7), 504-520. DOI:

10.29000/rumelide.808760.

ﺺﺨﻠﻣ

ﺎﯾدﻮﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻤﻟا ةأﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬھ ﺖﻟوﺎﻨﺗ ؟ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﻣ :ﻲھ تﻻؤﺎﺴﺗ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﻘﻠﻄﻧا ﺪﻗو .يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ

ھ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟو .ﺎﯾدﻮﺟو تﺎﻣﻮﻣزﺄﻤﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ ﺎﮭﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟا جذﺎﻤﻨﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﻣو ؟ةأﺮﻤﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﻀﻘﺑ ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا ﺔﻠﺻ ﺎﻣو هﺬ

ﻘﺜﻟا ﺪﻘﻨﻟا ﺞﮭﻨﻣ ﺔﯿﺜﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا تﺪﻤﺘﻋا تﻻؤﺎﺴﺘﻟا زﺮﺑأو ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺎّﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻔﯾﺮﻌﺗ مﺪﻘﯾو ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا لوﻷا :ﻦﯿﯿﺴﯿﺋر ﻦﯿﺜﺤﺒﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﻤﺴﻗو ،ﻲﻓﺎ

ﻦﻤﻀﺘﯾو ،يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾدﻮﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻤﻟا تﺎﯿﺼﺨﺸﻟا :ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟاو .ةأﺮﻤﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﻀﻘﺑ ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا ﺔﻠﺻ ﺎﻀﯾأ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﯾو ﺎﮭﻤﯿھﺎﻔﻣو ﺎﮭﻣﻼﻋأ ﻟا ﺖﺼﻠﺧ ﺪﻗو .ﻦﯿﯿﺋاور ﻦﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺔﺳارد ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟا هﺬھ نأو ،ﮫﺘﯿھﺎﻤﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ نﺎﺴﻧﻹا دﻮﺟو نﺄﺑ ﺺﺨﻠﺘﺗ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا نأ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳارﺪ

ﺪﻗو .ﻞﺟﺮﻟا ﻊﻨﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺑ ﺎﮭﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻣ ﺖﺴﯿﻟ ﺎﮭﺗﻼﯿﺼﻔﺗ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯿﺣ نأ ﺎﮭﺒﺒﺳ ﺔﯾدﻮﺟو ﺔﻣزأ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﻮﻛ ؛ةأﺮﻤﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﻀﻘﺑ ﻖﯿﺛو طﺎﺒﺗرا تاذ ﺎﺗأﺮﻣا" :ﻦﯿﺘﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻤﻟا هﺬھ يواﺪﻌﺴﻟا لاﻮﻧ ﺖﻟوﺎﻨﺗ ،ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا ﺎﮭﺘﻣزأ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﯿﺑﺎﺠﯾإ ﺎﺟذﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﮭﯿﻓ ﺖﻣﺪﻗو "ةأﺮﻣا ﻲﻓ ن

.ﺎﮭﯿﻓ ءﺎﻘﺒﻟا ﺮﺛﺆﺗو ﺔﯿﻄﻤﻨﻟا ﺐﻟاﻮﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺼﻔﻧﻻا ﻲﻓ ﻞﺸﻔﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﺟذﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻠﺜﻣو "ﺐﺋﺎﻐﻟا" ﺔﯾاورو

ﺔﯿﺣﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟا تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﻟا لاﻮﻧ ،ﺔّﯾﻮﺴﻨﻟا ،ﺔﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻟا ،ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﯾاوﺮﻟا ،ﺚﯾﺪﺤﻟا ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا بدﻷا :

.يواﺪﻌﺴ

Nawal El-Saadawi romanlarında varoluşsal kadınların krizi Öz

Bu çalışma Nawal Al-Saadawi romanlarında varoluşsal olarak yoksul kadınlar meselesini ele almaktadır. Çalışma üç sorudan başladı: Varoluşçuluk nedir? Varoluşçuluğun kadın meseleleriyle ilgisi nedir? Nawal Al-Saadawi, varoluşsal olarak yoksul kadınlar için romanlarında hangi modelleri sergilemiştir? Araştırmamız bu soruları cevaplamak için kültürel eleştiri yaklaşımını benimsemekte ve çalışmayı iki ana konuya ayırmaktadır. Birincisi varoluşçuluk ve varoluşçuluğun genel bir tanımını, en belirgin işaretleri ve kavramlarını sunarak varoluşçuluğun kadın meseleleriyle olan ilgisini tartışmak. İkincisi: Nawal Al-Saadawi'nin romanlarında varoluşsal olarak depresif kişilikler ile iki romanda iki karakterin incelenmesini içerir. Çalışma, varoluşçuluğun bir insanın varlığının kendisinden önce olduğu gerçeğine dayanan bir felsefe olduğu ve bu felsefenin kadın meseleleriyle yakından ilişkili olduğu, her detayda hayatının neden olduğu varoluşsal bir krizden muzdarip olduğu için, kendi yapımından değil aksine erekeğin yapımından kaynaklandığı sonucuna varmaktadır. Nawal Al-Saadawi bu konuyu iki romanda ele almaktadır. Varoluş krizinden kurtulan kadın için olumlu bir model sunduğu "Bir Kadında İki Kadın" romanı ile; kalıp yargılardan ayrılmayan ve hayatta kalmalarını etkileyemeyen kadınlar için bir örnek teşkil eden “Bulunmayan”

romanıdır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Modern Arap Edebiyatı, Arap Romanı, Varoluşçuluk, Feminizm, Nawal El- Saadawi

1 Bu çalışma "Nawal El-Saadawi romanlarında varoluşsal kadınların krizi" Ürdün Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Fakültesi, Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı programında Prof. Dr. Şükri Aziz Almadi danışmanlığında yapılan “Neval As- Saadavi'nin Romanlarında Kadın İmajı” isimli yüksek lisanstezinden üretilmiştir. Ürdün, Amman, Ürdün Üniversitesi, Nisan 2011.

2 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, İahiyat Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bölümü, Arap Dili ve Belagatı ABD (Denizli, Türkiye), mabdulqader@pau.edu.tr, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6031-7702 [Makale kayıt tarihi: 06.07.2020-kabul tarihi: 20.10.2020; DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.808760]

(2)

Address

The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels Abstract

This study tackles the issue of the existential angst woman in El-Saadawi's novels. This study was based on three questions: what is existentialism? What is the connection between existentialism and women issues? And what are the models that El-Saadawi's presents in her novels? To answer these inquiries, this study employed the cultural criticism. Also, the study was divided into two main axes: first, existentialism, and it provides a general definition to existentialism, its most prominent figures, its terms and it discusses the connections between existentialism and women issues. Second, the existential angst characters in the novels in which it includes a study for two characters from two novels. The study has found that existentialism is a philosophy believes that the existence of a human is an antecedent to its being, and this philosophy is deeply connected to women issues who usually suffer from this problem because all women's life and their details are not their choice, but men's choice and design. El-Saadawi tackled this issue in two novels: "Two Women in One Woman" in which it presents a positive model to a woman that could successfully find solutions to her existential angst problems. "The Absent " novel in which it represents a model for a woman who failed to disconnect from the stereotypes.

Keywords: Modern Arabic Literature, Arabic Novel, Existentialism, Feminism, Nawal El-Saadawi

Summary

Women had a very elevated status in the primitive societies and reached sometimes the level of holiness. Women were that creative creature that had the ability to give birth and life which elevated them to a similar status to gods and goddesses. Thus, no wonder that the primitive human societies were matriarchal. Moreover, most Gods were females and children were attributed to their mothers because of the common sexual life that made it very hard to find the identity of the feather. However, during a certain period of time, the status of women degraded and declined especially after the discovery of agriculture which led to a more stable non-nomadic society. Also, the appearance of domestication of animals resulted in production surplus, the emergence of the farming lands and herds which they need to be taken care of. Consequently, the man who is physically stronger, dominated the woman and forced the mono marriage on her which led to the emergence of harlotry to be able to recognize his children to be used in work. In addition, the men made advantage of the sexual relationships because the women were nothing but a pod to his seeds, and by this, the matriarchal society turned into a patriarchal one.

Therefore, women have lived under the shadow of the patriarchal system and lost their values especially after the spread of the different religious, social and political systems. And by this, women have lost their values and began being objectified. In other words, the fate of a woman is already determined before her birth. All her life's details are already set and predetermined before she is even born by the patriarchal system. This study tackled the issue of the existential angst women by studying this model as it was represented by the Egyptian writer, El-Saadawi, in her novels.

The questions of the study

1. What is existentialism?

(3)

5 06 / R umeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.S7 (October) The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels / M. H. M. Abdel Qader (pp. 504-520)

Address

2. What is the connection between existentialism and women's issues?

3. What are the models that were presented in El-Saadawi's novels for the existential angst women?

The Approach of the Study

The study was based on the approach of the cultural criticism in order to answer the questions of the study. The study was divided into two main fields: first, existentialism, and it represents a general definition to existentialism and its most prominent figures and concepts, and it discusses the connection between existentialism and women issues. Second, the existential angst characters that are in El-Saadawi's novels and this approach included a study about two characters from El-Saadawi's novels which are " Two Women in One Woman" and "The Absent".

The results of the study

The study has found the following results:

The philosophy of existentialism goes back to the 19th century's Danish philosopher Kierkegaard.

However, the term existentialism was not so common until the period of came after the second World War by the French philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre. Existentialism is considered as one of the philosophical currents that focused on the human being and her/his interests and highlighted her/his feelings and individuality. In spite of the general perception of that existentialism is connected to the idea of freedom and breaking all the preexisted restrictions and constraints, the essence of existentialism is still connected to the idea of authenticity and authenticity means, from the perception of existentialism, that the deeds and actions of human beings should be results and outcomes of their beliefs, feelings, regardless of any other regards and considerations outside the individual of a human being. Existential angst is considered as the central pillar of the existential awesomeness. Existential angst is what befalls a person after he faces the world and its systems and recognizes their absurdity and control over her/him, and from this point, a person sets off to accomplish her/himself and existence.

As for the connection between the philosophy of existentialism with women, since men dominated the women long time ago and "he" has become the master and has the absolute power, women has become and transformed into negative inactive creatures, nothing but a respondent and a receiver in which the patriarchal systems determine and governs the fate of the women and their styles of life and what should "she" do and what she shouldn't. Most if not all of the organizations and systems that appeared throughout history were run and administrated by men, and the women in general had no choice but to submit to these organizations such as the organizations of, family, states, religion, work, education, creativity or science. This shows that women didn't have any role throughout the patriarchal history or they were not even existed. As examined above, it is imperative that existentialism should have a more focus and interest from the movement of feminism. El-Saadawi presents two different models of existential angst women characters: the first model is presented in the character of "Bahyeah Shaheen"

in "Tow Women in One Woman" novel, and the other model is presented in the character of "Fo'adah"

in "The Absent" novel.

"Bahyeah Shaheen", the protagonist of "Tow Women in One Woman" novel, suffers from will-looting during the different stages of her life from the surrounding people and society. Bahyeah tries to get rid of her existential angst in two ways: first, by proving her free existential individual by opposing all the

(4)

Address

forms of stereotyping that are forced on her from the outside and resisting her stereotyped character inside of her. Second: perishing and vanishing from existence. Her existential angst began after she separated from her mother and moved from the stage of non-feeling and non-existence to the awareness and feelings stage. However, it is not a real and true existence. It is a fake existence because she neither has a free will nor an independent self and this means going back to that stage of pre death or vanishing or going back to the womb to solve her existential angst. Her existential angst is a medium between vanishing or accomplishing her free self.

"Bahyeah Shaheen" could prove her free will and self and gets rid of her crisis and struggle. The study, also, has found that the perception that this character represents is a distorted perception to the real existentialism because she was not an objective as much as she was an instrument. On the other hand, it was noted that "Bahyeah Shaheen" existential behavior was based on violating all stereotypes and conventions. Which means that was not a true and pure "act", but it was a mere reaction to the society, conventions and stereotyping. Therefore, one can argue that "Bahyeah Shaheen" in both ways was a result for her society. In other words, the society formed the stereotyped "Bahyeah Shaheen" in a direct way, and the same society itself formed the existential "Bahyeah Shaheen" in an indirect way.

"Fo'adah" the protagonist in "The Absent" novel represents another model of existential angst woman who seeks to prove herself in the practical real life that she has been always excluded from and was put on its margin while the man is the centre. Her exodus from this life was like a slave leaves to freedom without any kind of experience in the life of freedom which made the hell of slavery always present in the heaven of freedom that she couldn't know how to deal or to coup with. So, her failure to get rid of the chains that she got used to made her go back to the center of man and to be on the margin again.

Thus, El-Saadawi represents in this character another model for the existential angst woman, but it is a negative one unlike the character of "Bahyeah Shaheen", the protagonist of "Tow Women in One Woman" novel.

دﻘﻣ ﺔﻣ

ﮫﺑﺷﯾ يذﻟا ةﺎﯾﺣﻠﻟ بھاوﻟا نﺋﺎﻛﻟا كﻟذ تﻧﺎﻛ ةأرﻣﻟﺎﻓ .سﯾدﻘﺗﻟا ّدﺣ تﻠﺻو ﺔﻌﯾﻓر ﺔﻧﺎﻛﻣﺑ ﺔﯾﻋﺎﺷﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺋادﺑﻟا تﺎﻌﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا تﯾظﺣ نأو ،ﺔﺛﻧؤﻣ تﻗوﻟا كﻟذ ﻲﻓ ﺔﮭﻟﻵا نوﻛﺗ نأو ،ّﻲﻣوﻣأ ﻊﺑﺎط تاذ ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﯾرﺷﺑﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻣﺟﻟا نوﻛﺗ نأ بﺟﻋ ﻼﻓ .ﺔﮭﻟﻵا ﻊﯾﻧﺻ ﮫﻌﯾﻧﺻ ﻟإ لﺎﻔطﻷا بﺳﻧﯾ رود ّطﺣﻧا ﺔﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﯾﻧﻣز ﺔﻠﺣرﻣ ﻲﻓو .بﻷا ﺔﻓرﻌﻣ رذﻌﺗﻣﻟا نﻣ لﻌﺟﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺔﯾﻋﺎﺷﻣﻟا ّلظ ﻲﻓ مﮭﺗﺎﮭﻣأ ﻰ

ضارأ دوﺟو ﻰﻟإ ىدأ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻣو جﺎﺗﻧﻹا ﻲﻓ ضﺋﺎﻓ دوﺟو ﻰﻟإ ىدأ يذﻟا ،تﺎﻧاوﯾﺣﻟا نﯾﺟدﺗو رارﻘﺗﺳﻻاو ﺔﻋارزﻟا فﺎﺷﺗﻛﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﯾﺳ ﻻ ةأرﻣﻟا ضرﻔﻓ ،ﺔﯾﺎﻋرﻟا جﺎﺗﺣﺗ نﺎﻌطﻗو ﺔﯾﻋارز ّيدﺎﺣﻷا جاوزﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضرﻓو ةأرﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﮫﺗرطﯾﺳ ﺎﯾدﺳﺟ ىوﻗﻷا لﺟرﻟا

– ﻰﻟإ ىدأ ﺎﻣ وھو

ءﺎﻐﺑﻟا روﮭظ -

لﺟرﻟا جوازﺗ ﺔﺟﯾﺗﻧ ﻲھ ةدﻻوﻟا نأو ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺔﻓرﻌﻣﻟا فﺎﺷﺗﻛا اذھ ﻰﻟإ فﺎﺿﯾ .لﻣﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ مﮭﻣدﺧﺗﺳﯾ ﻲﻛ هدﻻوأ فرﻌﯾﻟ ل ّوﺣﺗ اذﮭﺑو .لﺟرﻟا راذﺑﻟ ﺔﻧﺿﺎﺣ ضﺣﻣ ةأرﻣﻟا تﺣﺑﺻﺄﻓ ةأرﻣﻟﺎﺑ

.يوﺑﻷا مﺎظﻧﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا

ّيروﻛذﻟا مﺎظﻧﻟا ّنأ ﺎﻣﯾﺳ ﻻ .ﮫﻠظ ﻲﻓو لﺟرﻟا شﻣﺎھ ﻰﻠﻋ شﯾﻌﺗ تﺣﺑﺻأو ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣﯾﻗ ّيوﺑﻷا مﺎظﻧﻟا ّلظ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا تدﻘﻓ دﻗو ّﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو ةأرﻣﻟا تدﻘﻓ اذﮭﺑو .ﺎھرﯾﻏو ﺔﯾﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟاو ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻣﺗﺟﻻاو ﺔﯾﻧﯾدﻟاو ﺔﯾرﺳﻷا تﺎﻣوظﻧﻣﻟا فﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﻲﻓ ىرﺷﺗﺳا يوﺑﻷا مﺗو ،

ﺎﮭﻧإ يأ ،ّﻲﻛرﯾرطﺑﻟا مﺎظﻧﻟا لﺑﻗ نﻣ ﺎﻘﺑﺳﻣ ةّدﻌﻣ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ تﻼﯾﺻﻔﺗ لﻛﻓ ،ﺎھدوﺟوﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﮭﺗﯾھﺎﻣ تﺣﺑﺻأ ﺔّﯾدوﺟو ةرﺎﺑﻌﺑ وأ ،ﺎھؤﯾﯾﺷﺗ .ﺎﮭﻌﻧﺻ نﻣ تﺳﯾﻟ ةﺎﯾﺣ شﯾﻌﺗ تﺣﺑﺻأ

ﻣﻟا ﺔﺑﺗﺎﻛﻟا ﮫﺗﻣدﻗ ﺎﻣﻛ جذوﻣﻧﻟا اذھ ﺔﺳارد لﻼﺧ نﻣ ﺎﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻣﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا ﺔﻟﺄﺳﻣ ﺔﺳاردﻟا هذھ تﻟوﺎﻧﺗﺗو ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ ﺔﯾرﺻ

ﻲﺗﻟا جذﺎﻣﻧﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﻣو ؟ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻘﺑ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻠﺻ ﺎﻣو ؟ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﻣ :ﻲھ تﻻؤﺎﺳﺗ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ نﻣ ﺔﺳاردﻟا تﻘﻠطﻧا دﻗو .ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾاور ﻧﻟا ﺞﮭﻧﻣ ﺔﯾﺛﺣﺑﻟا ﺔﻗروﻟا تدﻣﺗﻋا تﻻؤﺎﺳﺗﻟا هذھ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟو .ﺎﯾدوﺟو تﺎﻣوﻣزﺄﻣﻟا ءﺎﺳﻧﻠﻟ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ ﺎﮭﺗﻣدﻗ دﻘ

ﺎﺿﯾأ شﻗﺎﻧﯾو ﺎﮭﻣﯾھﺎﻔﻣو ﺎﮭﻣﻼﻋأ زرﺑأو ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟﺎﺑ ﺎّﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻔﯾرﻌﺗ مدﻘﯾو ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا لوﻷا :نﯾﯾﺳﯾﺋر نﯾﺛﺣﺑﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳاردﻟا تﻣﺳﻗو ،ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا

(5)

5 08 / R umeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.S7 (October) The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels / M. H. M. Abdel Qader (pp. 504-520)

Address

ﻲﻓ نﯾﺗﯾﺻﺧﺷ ﺔﺳارد نﻣﺿﺗﯾو ،يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻣﻟا تﺎﯾﺻﺧﺷﻟا :ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟاو .ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻘﺑ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻠﺻ دﻌﺳﻠﻟ نﯾﯾﺋاور نﯾﻠﻣﻋ ."بﺋﺎﻐﻟا"و "ةأرﻣا ﻲﻓ نﺎﺗأرﻣا" :ﺎﻣھ يوا

ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا Existentialism

درﺎﻐﯾﻛرﯾﻛ ﻲﻛرﺎﻣﻧدﻟا فوﺳﻠﯾﻔﻟا ىدﻟ رﺷﻋ ﻊﺳﺎﺗﻟا نرﻘﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا روذﺟ ﻊﺟرﺗ Kierkegaard3

Soren حرط يذﻟا

نﺎﺳﻧﻹا نأ ةرﻛﻓ –

ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا وأ نﯾدﻟا سﯾﻟو -

أو ةﺎﯾﺣﻠﻟ ﻰﻧﻌﻣ ءﺎطﻋإ نﻋ لوؤﺳﻣﻟا دﯾﺣوﻟا وھ ﺔﻟﺎﺻأو صﻼﺧإو ﺔﻔطﺎﻌﺑ ﺎﮭﺷﯾﻌﯾ ن

ﻻإ .4

رﺗرﺎﺳ لوﺑ نﺎﺟ ﻲﺳﻧرﻔﻟا فوﺳﻠﯾﻔﻟا ىدﻟ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺛﻟا ﺔﯾﻣﻟﺎﻌﻟا برﺣﻟا دﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ةرﺗﻓ ﻰﺗﺣ روﻧﻟا رﺻﺑﯾ مﻟ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺢﻠطﺻﻣ نأ Jean-Paul

Sartr . ﻛؤﻣ اروﻌﺷو ﻼﻌﻓ ﮫﻟ تزﺎﺣﻧاو نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻣﺎﻣﺗھا تّﺑﺻ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا تارﺎﯾﺗﻟا ىدﺣإ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا رﺑﺗﻌﺗو ﮫﺗﯾﻧادرﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ةد

ﻰﻠﻋو .5

ﺔﻟﺎﺻﻷا ةرﻛﻔﺑ طﺑﺗرﻣ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا رھوﺟ ّنأ ﻻإ ﺎﻘﺑﺳﻣ ﺔﺿورﻔﻣﻟا دوﯾﻘﻟا لﻛ نﻣ ﺔّﯾرﺣﻟا ةرﻛﻔﺑ طﺑﺗرﻣ ﺔّﯾدوﺟوﻠﻟ مﺎﻌﻟا روﺻﺗﻟا نأ مﻏرﻟا Authenticity⁶ ﻋ رظﻧﻟا ضﻐﺑ هرﻋﺎﺷﻣو ﮫﺗادﻘﺗﻌﻣ نﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﻧ نوﻛﺗ نأ بﺟﯾ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا لﺎﻌﻓأ نأ ّيدوﺟو روظﻧﻣ نﻣ ﻲﻧﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺻﻷاو

ن

يدوﺟوﻟا ﻖﻠﻘﻟا وأ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻣزﻷا رﺑﺗﻌﺗو .درﻔﻟا جرﺎﺧ تارﺎﺑﺗﻋا يأ Existential angst

.يدوﺟوﻟا ﻲﻋوﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺳﺎﺳﻷا ةزﯾﻛرﻟا

ﺎﮭﺗﯾﺛﺑﻌﺑ رﻌﺷﯾو ﮫﺗﺎﻣوظﻧﻣﺑ مﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﮫﺟاوﯾ ﺎﻣدﻧﻋ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا بﯾﺻﯾ ﺎﻣ وھ يدوﺟوﻟا ﻖﻠﻘﻟاو ﮫﯾﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﺗرطﯾﺳو

ﻖﻠطﻧﯾ ﺔطﻘﻧﻟا هذھ نﻣو .7

نأ ﻻإ ،نﯾدﻟاو سﻔﻧﻟا مﻠﻋو حرﺳﻣﻟاو بدﻷا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻔﺳﻠﻔﻟا طﺎﺷﻧ تﻻﺎﺟﻣ ددﻌﺗ نﻣ مﻏرﻟا ﻰﻠﻋو .هدوﺟوو ﮫﺗاذ ﻖﯾﻘﺣﺗﻟ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺔﯾھﺎﻣﻟا ﻖﺑﺳﯾ دوﺟوﻟا نأ ةرﻛﻔﺑ نوﻧﻣؤﯾ مﮭﻧأ وھ رﺗرﺎﺳ ىرﯾ ﺎﻣﻛ نﯾﯾدوﺟوﻟا لﻛ نﯾﺑ ﻊﻣﺎﺟﻟا ﺟو نأ ﻲﻧﻌﺗ ﻲﺗﻟاو 8

ﻖﺑﺳﯾ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا دو

هدوﺟو نﻣ ﺔﯾﺎﻐﻟا نوﻛﺗ مﻠﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻧﺻ لﺑﻗ ﻼﺛﻣﻓ .ﺎھدوﺟو لﺑﻗ ﺎھرھوﺟ ددﺣﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ءﺎﯾﺷﻸﻟ ﺎﻓﻼﺧ ﺔﯾﻋاو ﺎﺗاذو ارﺣ ﺎﻧﺋﺎﻛ ﮫﻧوﻛ ؛هرھوﺟ ﮫﺗﺎﯾﺣ ّطﺧ نوﻛﯾ نأ بﺟﯾ ﻻو دﺟوﯾ ﮫﻧﺈﻓ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺎﻣأ .دوﺟوﻟا ﻰﻟإ مﻠﻘﻟا جرﺧﯾ يأ ﺔﻋﺎﻧﺻﻟا هذھ مﺗﺗ مﺛ ﺔﺑﺎﺗﻛﻠﻟ ﺔﻟآ ﺔﻋﺎﻧﺻ يأ ﺔﺿرﺗﻔﻣ طﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا لﺎﻛﺷأ لﻛ نﻣ ﻻوأ ررﺣﺗﻟﺎﺑ ﮫﯾﻠﻋ نوﻛﯾ ﺎﻣ رﺎﺗﺧﯾ نﻣ وھ لﺑ ،ّﻲﺟرﺎﺧ فرط يأ وأ نﯾدﻟا وأ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا لﺑﻗ نﻣ ﺎﻘﺑﺳﻣ اددﺣﻣ .ﮫﺗﯾدوﺟو ّﻖﻘﺣﺗﺗ اذﮭﺑ ﺎﮭﻧﻋ ﻻوؤﺳﻣو ﮫﺗارﺎﯾﺗﺧا ﻲﻓ ارﺣ نوﻛﯾ ّمﺛ نﻣو ﻲﺟرﺎﺧﻟا

.2.1 ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا

ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﮫﺗرطﯾﺳ لﺟرﻟا ضرﻓ نأ ذﻧﻣ ﻰﻟإ ةأرﻣﻟا تﻟوﺣ عرﺷﻣﻟاو ﻲھﺎﻧﻟاو رﻣﻵاو دﯾﺳﻟا وھ ﺢﺑﺻأو مدﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻏوﻣ روﺻﻋ

ﺎﮭﻟ ﻲﻐﺑﻧﯾ ﺎﻣو ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ طﺎﻣﻧأو ةأرﻣﻟا رﯾﺻﻣ مﺳر ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾروﻛذﻟا ﺔﻣظﻧﻷا تذﺧأ ثﯾﺣ .لﻌﻔﻧﻣو بﯾﺟﺗﺳﻣ ﺎﻣﻧإو لﻋﺎﻓ رﯾﻏ ﻲﺑﻠﺳ قوﻠﺧﻣ .ﻲﻐﺑﻧﯾ ﻻ ﺎﻣو

ﻟا رﺑﻋ تﻧوﻛﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا تﺎﺳﺳؤﻣﻟاو ﺔﻣظﻧﻷا نﻣ مظﻋﻷا داوﺳﻟﺎﻓ ﻊﻧﺻﯾ يذﻟا وھو لﺟرﻟا لﺑﻗ نﻣ رادﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ،ﺎﮭﻠﻛ نﻛﯾ مﻟ نإ ،ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ

.ﺎﮭﻧﯾﻧاوﻘﻟ ةذﻔﻧﻣو ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﺎھرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ تﺎﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا هذﮭﻟ ﻊﺿﺧﺗ نأ ﻻإ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ةروﺻﺑ ، ةأرﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣو .ﺎﮭﺳﺳأو ﺎﮭﻧﯾﻧاوﻗ

ﺔﯾزﯾﻠﺟﻧﻹا ﻲﻓ ةرﺳﻷا ﺔﻣﻠﻛ ّنإ ﻰﺗﺣ .لﺟرﻟا ﺔطﻠﺳﺑ ﺔﻣوﻛﺣﻣ لازﺗ ﻻو تﻧﺎﻛ ةرﺳﻷﺎﻓ Family

ﺷﻣ ﻲھ ﺔﯾﻧﯾﺗﻻ ﺔظﻔﻟ نﻣ ﺔﻘﺗ Familia

Famulus وأ دﯾﺑﻌﻟا وأ مدﺧﻟا ﻲﻧﻌﺗو

هذھ ﻲﻓو .دﻻوﻷاو ﺔﺟوزﻟا نوﻠﻣﺷﯾ ﺎﻣﯾﻓ نوﻠﻣﺷﯾ نﯾذﻟا دﯾﺑﻌﻟا دّﯾﺳ وھ لﺟرﻟا نﺎﻛ ﺎﻧھ نﻣ .9

وط ةأرﻣﻟا لظﺗو ...جوزﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻋرو دﻻوﻷا ﺔﯾﺑرﺗو تﯾﺑﻟا ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻘﺑﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻔﯾظو ﺔﺷﻣﮭﻣ نوﻛﺗ نأ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ضرﻓ ،ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ لا

لظﺗ ثﯾﺣﺑ ةأرﻣﻟا طﯾﻣﻧﺗ مﺗﯾ ةرﺳﻷا لﺧادو .كﻟذ دﻌﺑ ﺎﮭﺟوزﻟو جاوزﻟا لﺑﻗ ﺎﮭﯾﺧأو ﺎﮭﯾﺑﻷ ،ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا هذھ لﺧاد لﺟرﻠﻟ ًﺎﻌﺑﺎﺗ ًارﺻﻧﻋ ﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﺔ و .ًﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﻧﯾﺑ ﺎﻣﻛ مﮭﯾﺑﻷ نوﺑﺳﻧﯾ ﺎﻣﻛ ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ ﺎھدﻻوأ بﺳﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻘﺣ نﻣ ﺎھدﯾرﺟﺗ نﻋ كﯾھﺎﻧ .لﻘﺗﺳﻣ رﯾﻏ

3 (Marino, 2004, p. 3).

4 (Watts, 2003, 4-6), (Lowrie, 1969, pp. 37–40).

5 (Macquarie, 1972, pp. 14-15).

6 See: (Flynn, 2006).

7 (Solomon, 1974, pp. 1-2).

8 See: (Copleston, 1948, pp. 19-37).

9 (El- Saadawi, 1986, pp. 163-164).

(6)

Address

وﻛﺣﻣ ﻲﮭﻓ ﺔﻟودﻟا ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣ ﺎّﻣأو هذھ ﻲﻓ لﺟرﻟﺎﻓ .ﺔﯾدرﻔﻟا جذﺎﻣﻧﻟا ضﻌﺑ ةدﻋﺎﻘﻟا هذھ ّدﻧ نإو ...نﯾﻋرﺷﻣو ةﺎﺿﻗو ًﺎﻣﺎﻛﺣ ،روﻛذﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻣ

،نﯾﻧاوﻘﻟا هذھ لﻼﺧ نﻣ ةأرﻣﻟا دﺿ ﮫﺳﻔﻧﻟ زﺎﺣﻧﯾ نأ نﻣ ﮫﻌﻧﻣﯾ ﺎﻣ دﺟوﯾ ﻻو ،ﺎﮭﻧﯾﻧاوﻗ دّدﺣﯾ يذﻟا وھو ،ﺎﮭﺗاذ ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا وھ ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا ﻰﻟإ مدﻘﻟا ذﻧﻣ ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ لﺛﻣﯾ نأ نﻣ ﺢﺿوأ اذھ دھاوﺷو نھارﻟا ﺎﻧرﺻﻋ

.10

لﯾوﺄﺗو ﻊﯾرﺷﺗﻟا ﻖﺣ نوﻛﻠﻣﯾ نﯾذﻟا نﯾدﻟا لﺎﺟر ﻰﻠﻋ ًارﻛﺣ تﺣﺑﺻأو ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا هذھ نﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا تﯾﺻﻗأ ذإ نﯾدﻟا ﺔﺳﺳؤﻣ اذﻛو .ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻣﻣﻟا ﺔﯾروﻛذﻟا ﺔﯾوﺑﻷا تﺎﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا رﺋﺎﺳ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻌﺿو نﻋ ًارﯾﺛﻛ فﻠﺗﺧﯾ ﻻ نﺎﯾدﻷا ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻊﺿوو .صوﺻﻧﻟا

ﺟﺄﻣﻟا لﻣﻌﻟا تﻻﺎﺟﻣ ﻲﻓ رﻣﻷا كﻟذﻛو ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻌﺿو نﺎﻛ نإو ،ﺔﻠﯾﺋﺿ ﺔﺑﺳﻧ ﻻإ تﺎﺳﺳؤﻣﻟا هذھ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا روﺿﺣ لﻛﺷﯾ ﻻ اذإ .رو

.ﻲﺿﺎﻣﻟا نﻣ لﺿﻓأ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﻟا رﺻﻌﻟا

مﮭﺑﻠﻏأ ﻲﻓ دﺎﻘﻧﻟا نأ نﻋ ﻼﺿﻓ ًﺎﺗھﺎﺑ ًاروﺿﺣ ﻻإ ﺔﺣﺎﺳﻟا هذھ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا روﺿﺣ نﻛﯾ مﻟو ،عادﺑﻹاو بدﻷا ﺔﺣﺎﺳ ﮫﺳﻔﻧﻟ لﺟرﻟا رﻛﺗﺣاو إ مﮭﺗرظﻧ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ ًارﯾﺛﻛو روﻛذ بدأ ﺎﮭﺑ اوﻔﺻو ﺔﯾﺑﻠﺳ ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ﻰﻟإ ،نﺎﯾﺣﻷا نﻣ رﯾﺛﻛ ﻲﻓ تﺿﻓأ ةزﯾﺣﺗﻣ ﺔﯾروﻛذ ةرظﻧ ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا بدأ ﻰﻟ

لﺎﻔطﻷا ﻖﻠﺧﺗ ةأرﻣﻟا ىرﺧأ ةرﺎﺑﻌﺑ ...دﻠﺗو لﻣﺣﺗ ﻰﺛﻧﺄﻛ ﺎﮭﺗﻔﯾظو ﺎﯾﺟوﻟوﯾﺑ ﺎﮭﺻﺗﻣﺗ ﻖﻠﺧﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا ةردﻗ نﺄﺑ كﻟذ ّلﻠُﻋ ﺎﻣﻟﺎطو ،ةأرﻣﻟا ﻟإ ﺔﺟﺎﺣﺑ رﻌﺷﺗ ﻻ ﻲﮭﻓ بﺑﺳﻟا اذﮭﻟو ،مﮭﺗدﻻوﺑ مﻠﻌﻟا وأ بدﻷا وأ نﻔﻟﺎﻛ رﺧآ لﺎﺟﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻖﻠﺧﻟا ﻰ

.11

ﻰﺗﺣ ،ﮫﻧﻣ رﯾﺳﯾ ردﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ تﻠﺻﺣ وأ ،مﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا نﻣ ًﺎﺑﻟﺎﻏ ةأرﻣﻟا تﻣرﺣ ذإ ،ﮫﺗاذ رﯾﺻﻣﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا تﮭﺟاو ،فرﺎﻌﻣﻟاو موﻠﻌﻟا لﺎﺟﻣ ﻲﻓو

"لﺎﻣﺟﻟاو ﺔﺛوﻧﻷا دﺿ مﻠﻌﻟا نإ" :ةدﺎﯾز ﻲﻣﻟ لﯾﻗ ًﻼﺛﻣﻓ ،ﺔﺛوﻧﻷا دﺿ هرﺑﺗﻌﯾ نﺎﻛ ضﻌﺑﻟا نإو ﻟا ﻲﻓو .12

نﻣ رﯾﺛﻛﻟا بّذﻋ ﻰطﺳوﻟا نورﻘ

تارﺣﺎﺳ نﮭﻧﺄﺑ نﻣﮭﺗاو توﻣﻟا ﻰﺗﺣ تﺎﻣﻟﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا .13

ﺎﮭﻌﻧﺻ نﻣ سﯾﻟ ﻊﻗاو ﻲﻓ شﯾﻌﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ لﺑ ،ةدوﺟوﻣ وأ ةرﺿﺎﺣ نﻛﺗ مﻟ يروﻛذﻟا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗﻟا رﺑﻋ ةأرﻣﻟا نأ ﻰﻟإ رﯾﺷﺗ ﺔﻠﺛﻣﻷا هذھ ّلﻛ نإ صﺎﺧﻟا ﯾأ ﻰﻧﺑﺗﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ نﺎﯾﺣﻷا نﻣ رﯾﺛﻛ ﻲﻓ ةأرﻣﻟا نأ اذھ نﻣ رطﺧﻷاو .14

هذھ نﻣﺿ ﺔﻟوﺑﻘﻣ نوﻛﺗ ﻰﺗﺣ ﺎﮭﻟ ﺔﺷ ِّﻣﮭﻣﻟا لﺟرﻟا ﺎﯾﺟوﻟوﯾد

ﺎھدوﺟوﻟ لﺗﻗ ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻋ ﻻإ تﺳﯾﻟ ةأرﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺑ موﻘﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻊﻣ فﯾﻛﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻋ نإ" ذإ ﻲﺻﺧﺷﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو بﺎﺳﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ نﻛﻟو ﺔﻣظﻧﻷا

"ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو لﺗﻗ ﻲﻓ تﺣﺟﻧ ﻲﺗﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا ﻲھ ﺔﯾﻌﯾﺑطﻟا ةأرﻣﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻣﺳﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ةأرﻣﻟاو .ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا .15

هذھ نﻣﺿ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ نﺎﻛﻓ

ﺔﯾروﻛذﻟا ﺎﯾﺟوﻟوﯾدﯾﻷا ةوﻗ ءﻼﺟﺑ رﮭظﯾ ﺎﻧھ نﻣ .ﺎﮭﻔﺻوﻟ ﺔﻣﺋﻼﻣ نورﺧﻵا ﺎھدﺟو ﻲﺗﻟا مﯾھﺎﻔﻣﻟا لﻼﺧ نﻣ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ رﺑﺗﺧﺗ نأ تﺎﻣوظﻧﻣﻟا ﺄﺑ دﺎﻘﺗﻋﻻا ﻰﻟإ لﺻﯾ ﮫﯾﻠﻋ رَطﯾﺳﻣﻟا لﻌﺟﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﻲھ ةرطﯾﺳ ىوﻗأ نإ" :ﻲﺑﯾطﺧﻟا رﯾﺑﻛﻟا دﺑﻋ لوﻘﯾ ﺎﻣﻛﻓ ،ةأرﻣﻟا عﺎﺿﺧإ ﻲﻓ ﺔطﻘﻧ ن

"ر ِطﯾﺳﻣﻟا لﺻأو زﻛرﻣو ﺔطﻘﻧ سﻔﻧ وھ ﮫﻣﻼﻛ لﺻأو زﻛرﻣو .16

،ﺔﯾوﺳﻧﻟا ﺔﻛرﺣﻟا رظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﮭﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻛﻣ ﺔﻠﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا ةدرﻔﺗﻣﻟا تاذﻟا تﺎﺑﺛإو ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﯾﺿﻘﻟا لﺗﺣﺗ نأ يرورﺿﻟا نﻣ ﮫﻧﺈﻓ مدﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻧﺑ شﺗﯾر نﯾﯾردأ نإ ﻰﺗﺣ Adrian Rich

دوﺟو تﺎﺑﺛﻹ ﺔﻛرﺣ ﺎﮭﻧﺄﺑ ﺔﯾوﺳﻧﻟا ﺔﻛرﺣﻟا فرﻌﺗ ﺎھرظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻧإ ذإ ،درﻔﺗﻣﻟا لﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا ةأرﻣﻟا

"ﮫّﻠﻛ مﻟﺎﻌﻟا سﯾﻟ ةأرﻣﻠﻟ ﮫﺗﻌﺿو يذﻟا مﻟﺎﻌﻟا نﺄﺑ لﻣﺎﻛﻟا كاردﻹاو ،ﺔﯾوﺑﻷا مظﻧﻟا ﺔﻋﺎط نﻋ ﻲﻠﺧﺗﻟا ﻰﻟإ فدﮭﺗ ﺔﻛرﺣ"

.17

رﺗرﺎﺳ دﻧﻋ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟﺎﻓ ،ةدّﺑﻌﻣﻟا ﻖﯾرطﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا وﺣﻧ ةأرﻣﻟا ﻖﯾرط سﯾﻟو ﻘﯾﻟاو قدﺻﻟا نﯾﺑ دﺎﺿﺗ" ﻲھ سﺎﺳﻷا ثﯾﺣ نﻣ

،دﺳﺎﻔﻟا نﯾ

ﻻ ﺎﻧﻧأو ،ﺎﻧﺗﺎﯾﺣ بوﻠﺳﺄﺑ نودﯾﻘﻣ ﺎﻧﻧأو رﺧآ لﻛﺷﺑ نوﻛﺗ نأ نﻛﻣﯾ ﻻ روﻣﻷا نﺄﺑ نﯾرﺧﻵاو ﺎﻧﺳﻔﻧأ مﺎﻣأ رھﺎظﺗﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ يوطﻧﯾ نﯾﻘﯾﻟﺎﻓ

"كﻟذ ﺎﻧﺋﺷ وﻟ ﻰﺗﺣ برﮭﻟا ﻊﯾطﺗﺳﻧ .18

ﻟا قﺎﻣﻋأ ﻲﻓ ﺎھروذﺟﺑ برﺿﺗ ﺔﯾروﻛذ ﺔﻣظﻧأ دﺿ برﺣ وﮭﻓ ،رﯾﺳﯾﻟا رﻣﻷﺎﺑ سﯾﻟ دﺳﺎﻔﻟا نﯾﻘﯾﻟا اذھ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣو تﺎﺑوﻌﺻ نأ ﺎﻣﻛ .ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ

هدوﺟو نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺎﮭﯾﻓ ﻲﻌﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔظﺣﻠﻟا ذﻧﻣ ًﻼﺑﻗ أدﺑﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ لﺑ ،عارﺻﻟا اذھ نﻋ طﻘﻓ مﺟﻧﺗ ﻻ لﻋﺎﻓ ﻰﻟإ لﻌﻔﻧﻣ نﻣ ل ّوﺣﺗﻟاو تاذﻟا تﺎﺑﺛإ

"ﮫﻣﯾطﺣﺗ لوﺎﺣﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ىوﻘﻠﻟ ﮫﺗﻣوﺎﻘﻣ تدازو ،دوﺟوﻟا اذھ ﻰﻠﻋ ﮫﻘﻠﻗ داز ،هدوﺟوﺑ ًﺎﯾﻋاو نﺎﺳﻧﻹا نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﻠﻛﻓ"

.19

اﺪﯾرد كﺎﺟ ثﺪﺤﺘﯾ 10

Jacques Derrid ﺎھرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﯿﺳﺎﯿﺴﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﻦﻋ

ﺔﯿﻨﺒﻣ ﺔﯾﻮﺧﻷا ﺎﮭﻣاﻮﻗ ﺔﯾرﻮﻛذ ةﺮﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ Brotherhood

:ﺮﻈﻧا ، (Derrida, 2005).

11 (El- Saadawi, 1972, p. 38).

12 (Ziyadeh, 1982, p. 1/148).

13 (El- Saadawi, 1986, p. 161).

14 See:.(Kolmar, Bartkowski, 2009, pp. 86-89).

15 (El- Saadawi, 1972, p. 200).

16 (Khatibi, W. date, p. 158).

17 (Rich, 1976, p. 207).

18 (Heangliff, 1982, p. 562).

(7)

5 10 / RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.S7 (October) The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels / M. H. M. Abdel Qader (pp. 504-520)

Address

.2 تﺎﯾﺻﺧﺷﻟا يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ تﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻣﻟا

ﺔّﯾﮭﺑ" ﺔﯾﺻﺧﺷ ﮫﻠﺛﻣﺗ لوﻷا جذوﻣﻧﻟا :ﺎﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣوزﺄﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺋﺎﺳﻧﻟا تﺎﯾﺻﺧﺷﻟا نﻣ نﯾﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣ نﯾﺟوﻣﻧ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾاور ﻲﻓ يوادﻌﺳﻟا لاوﻧ مدﻘﺗ ."بﺋﺎﻐﻟا" ﺔﯾاور ﻲﻓ "ةداؤﻓ" ﺔﯾﺻﺧﺷ ﮫﻠﺛﻣﺗ رﺧﻵا جذوﻣﻧﻟاو ،"ةأرﻣا ﻲﻓ نﺎﺗأرﻣا" ﺔﯾاور ﻲﻓ "نﯾھﺎﺷ

1.2 . ﺷ

"ةأرﻣا ﻲﻓ نﺎﺗأرﻣا: ﺔﯾاور ﻲﻓ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﺔﯾﺻﺧ

ًادرﻔﺗﻣ نوﻛﺗ نأو كﺗارﺎﯾﺗﺧا ﻲﻓ ًا ّرﺣ نوﻛﺗ نأ هﺎﻧﻌﻣ ًﺎﯾدوﺟو نوﻛﺗ نأو .ﺔﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣزأ نﻣ ﺔﯾاورﻟا هذھ ﺔﻠطﺑ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﻲﻧﺎﻌﺗ ﺣ لﺣارﻣ فﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺗدارﻹ بﻠﺳ نﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﺔﻠﻛﺷﻣ ددﺣﺗﺗو .ًازﯾﻣﺗﻣو نﻣ تﺳﯾﻟ ﺎﮭّﻠُﻛ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ" ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾ

ﻲﻓ صﺻﺧﺗﺗ نأ ﺎھدﯾرﺗ ردﺻﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺿﯾرﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣﻋ .بطﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ ﺎﮭﻠﺧدأ يذﻟا وھ ﺎھوﺑأو ،ﺎﮭﺗدﻟو ﺎﮭﻣﺄﻓ ،ﺎﮭﺗدارإ نﻣ تﺳﯾﻟو ،ﺎﮭﻠﻌﻓ نﺎﻛ مﮭﻧﻣ دﺣاو لﻛ ..ةرﺎﺟﺗﻟا ﺞﯾرﺧ ﮫﻧﺑا جوزﺗﺗو ﻰﺿرﻣﻟا لﺎﻣ ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ لﺎﮭﻧﯾ ﺔﺣﺟﺎﻧ ﺔﺑﯾﺑط نوﻛﺗ نأ ﺎھدﯾرﯾ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﺧ ﺔﯾردﺻﻟا ضارﻣﻷا

"...مھ ﮫﻧودﯾرﯾ ﺎﻣﻣ ًﺎﺋﯾﺷ دﯾرﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﺔﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟاو ﻲھ دﯾرﺗ اذﺎﻣ ﺎﮭﻟﺄﺳﯾ مﻟ مﮭﻧﻣ ًادﺣأ نﻛﻟ هدﯾرﯾ اذﺎﻣ لوﻘﯾ .20

نﻣ نﯾﯾﻼﻣﻟ ةررﻛﻣ ﺔﺧﺳﻧ ﺎﮭﻠﻌﺟﺗو ﺎﮭﺗﯾوھ سﻣطﺗ بﻟاوﻗ لﻼﺧ نﻣ ﺎﮭطﯾﻣﻧﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻣﻌﯾ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" دﺟﺗ ،ىرﺧأ ﺔﮭﺟ نﻣو رﻔﺗ ﺎﮭﻟ دﺟﺗ ﻻ ذإ .ﺔﮭﺑﺎﺷﺗﻣﻟا ﺦﺳﻧﻟا .ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا نﺎﻌطﻗ نﻣ كﻟذ رﯾﻏ وأ ﺔﺑﻠطﻟا ﻊﯾطﻗ وأ ثﺎﻧﻹا ﻊﯾطﻗ طﺳو ًاد

فورظﻟا هذﮭﻟ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣو .ﺎﯾﻧدﻟا ﻰﻟإ تءﺎﺟو ﺎﮭﻣأ دﺳﺟ نﻋ ﺎﮭﯾﻓ تﻠﺻﻔﻧا ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔظﺣﻠﻟا نﻣ تأدﺑ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزأ بﺎﺑﺳأ ﻲھ هذھ ﺎﮭﯾﻋو ﻻوﻟ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑﻟ" ﺔﯾدوﺟو ﺔﻣزأ لﻛﺷﺗ نأ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا دارﻓأ ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﺎﮭﺷﯾﻌﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ددﮭﺗﯾ يذﻟا رطﺧﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﺳﺎﺳﺣإو فورظﻟا هذﮭﺑ

.ة ّرﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗدارإو درﻔﺗﻣﻟا لﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو

وھ :ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟاو ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ةرﺣﻟا ةدرﻔﺗﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗاذ تﺎﺑﺛإ :لوﻷا :نﯾﻧﺛا نﯾﻠﯾﺑﺳ لﻼﺧ نﻣ يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﻘﻠﻗ نﻣ صﻠﺧﺗﻠﻟ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﻰﻌﺳﺗ ﺎﻧھ نﻣ ﺑ أدﺑ يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﻘﻠﻗ نأ ﺎﻣﺑﻓ .دوﺟوﻟا نﻣ ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟاو ءﺎﻧﻔﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣ ﻰﻟإ دوﺟوﻼﻟاو سﺎﺳﺣإﻼﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣ نﻣ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﻘﺗﻧاو ﺎﮭﻣأ نﻋ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﺻﻔﻧﺎ

ﻲﻧﻌﯾ اذھو .ةدرﻔﺗﻣ ﺔﻠﻘﺗﺳﻣ ًﺎﺗاذ ﻻو ةرﺣ ةدارإ كﻠﻣﺗ ﻻ ﺎﮭﻧوﻛ فﺋاز دوﺟو وھ لﺑ ًﺎﯾﻘﯾﻘﺣ ًادوﺟو سﯾﻟ ﮫﻧﻛﻟ ،دوﺟوﻟاو سﺎﺳﺣﻹاو ﻲﻋوﻟا مﺣرﻟا ﻰﻟإ ةدوﻌﻟا وأ ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟا وأ توﻣﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا ﻰﻟإ ةدوﻌﻟا نأ نﯾﺑ طﺳو وھ يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﻘﻠﻘﻓ .ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزﻷ ًﻼﺣ لﺛﻣﯾ

ﻖﻠﻣﺣﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ نﯾﺣ" :ﺔﯾﻟﺎﺗﻟا تارﺎﺑﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ ًﺎﯾزﺎﺟﻣ ﺔﻣزﻷا هذھ صﺧﻠﺗﺗو .ةدرﻔﺗﻣﻟا ةرﺣﻟا تاذﻟا ﻖﯾﻘﺣﺗو ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟا وأ ءﺎﻧﻔﻟا صﻼﺧ ﻲﻓرط ﻛﻟ ،ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ هدﺷﺗو ﮫﯾﻟإ ﺎھدﺷﺗ كﻼﺳﻷﺎﻛ ﺔﯾرﯾرﺣﻟا طوﯾﺧﻟا ﮫﻧﯾﺑو ﺎﮭﻧﯾﺑ دﺗﻣﺗ رﻣﻘﻟا صرﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻧﻛﺎﺳ ودﺑﺗ ﺎﻣﮭﻧﯾﺑ ﻲھو ،دﺷأ ضرﻷا ﺔﯾﺑذﺎﺟ ن

"ﺢطﺳﻟا قوﻓ نﻣ ﻖﻠﻘﻟا بﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ فﻘﺗ ﺎﮭﻧإ ضرﻷا ﻲﻓ لوﺧدﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻰﺷﻼﺗﺗ ﻻو (رﻣﻘﻟا) يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎھدرﻔﺗ ﻰﻟإ لﺻﺗ ﻻ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑﻓ" .21

وﻣﻟا ﻻ ًﺎﻣﺎﻣﺗ ﺎﮭﯾﻌﺗو ﮫﻣﻻﺂﺑ رﻌﺷﺗ يذﻟا توﻣﻟا ،ﻊّﻧﻘﻣﻟا توﻣﻟا ﮫﻧإ .ﻲﻧوﻛﺳﻟا ﻲﻣھوﻟا دوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣ ﻲﻓ ،يدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﺣارﻟا ﻲﻧﻌﯾ يذﻟا ت

لﺑﺣﻟا ﻲﻓ طﺳوﻟا ﺔطﻘﻧ ،ﺔطﺳوﺗﻣﻟا ﺔطﻘﻧﻟا كﻠﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻧﻣآ ﺎﮭﻧﻛﻟ ﺔﻔﻗاو ﺎﮭﻧأ فرﻌﺗ ،فﻘﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻖﯾرطﻟا فﺻﺗﻧﻣ ﻲﻓ" :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ .مدﻌﻟاو ﺔطﻘﻧ ﻲھ رﺧآ ﻰﻧﻌﻣﺑ ،ءﻲﺷ هدّدﮭﯾ ﻻ يذﻟا لﻣﺎﻛﻟا نﻣﻷاو لﻣﺎﻛﻟا نوﻛﺳﻟا ﺔطﻘﻧ ﻲھ .رﻔﺻﻟا ﺔطﻘﻧ دﺷﻟا ﺎﺗوﻗ لدﺎﻌﺗﺗ ثﯾﺣ ،دودﺷﻣﻟا ا

"توﻣﻟ .22

اذھ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺎﮭﺗﺑرﺟﺗ تﻧﺎﻛو .ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزﻷ ﻰﻟوﻷا ةرارﺷﻟا عاو نﺎﺳﻧإ ﻰﻟإ ﺎﮭﻟ ّوﺣﺗو نوﻛﻟا نﻋ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" لﺎﺻﻔﻧا نﺎﻛ دﻘﻟ ًﺎﺻﺎﺧ ًادﺳﺟ ﺎﮭﻟ نأ ﺎﮭﯾﻓ تﻔﺷﺗﻛا ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔظﺣﻠﻟا .. ."مﻟﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﺣﻓﺎط هذھ لﺎﺻﻔﻧﻻا ﺔﺑرﺟﺗ تﻧﺎﻛو ،ةدﻻوﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﮭﻣأ نﻋ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﺻﻔﻧا قﺎﯾﺳﻟا ًﻼﺻﻔﻧﻣ

"مﺣﻠﻟا نﻣ مﺣﻠﻟا قزﻣﯾ يذﻟا نﯾﻛﺳﻟﺎﻛ نﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﯾﻓ مﻟﻷا .ﺎﮭﺗرﻛاذ نﻣ بﯾﻐﺗ ﻻ ﺔظﺣﻠﻟا هذھ .ﺎﮭﻣأ نﻋ نﻣ لﻛﺷﯾ لﺎﺻﻔﻧﻻا اذﮭﻓ .23

.ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗدارإ دﺿ وﮭﻓ ﮫﯾﻓ رﺎﯾﺧ ﺎﮭﻟ نﻛﻟ مﻟ يرﺳﻗ لﻌﻓ وھ ىرﺧأ ﺔﮭﺟ نﻣو ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزﺄﺑ ﺎﮭﯾﻋوﻟ ﺔﯾادﺑ ﺔﮭﺟ

ةﺎﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻐﻟﺎﺑ ًارﺛأ ثدﺣﻟا اذھ كرﺗﯾو ﻲﻓ ﻊﻘﯾﺳ ًارﯾطﺧ ًﺎﺋﯾﺷ نأ سﺣﺗ ﺎھدﻼﯾﻣ موﯾ رﺑﻣﺗﺑﺳ نﻣ ﻊﺑارﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺎﻋ لﻛ ﻲﻓ" ﺎﮭﻧإ ذإ ،"ﺔﯾﮭﺑ"

ﻲﻓ رﯾطﺧ ءﻲﺷ ﻲﻣﻷ ثدﺣ موﯾﻟا اذھ لﺛﻣ ﻲﻓ :تﻓﺎﺧ توﺻﺑ ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧﻟ سﻣﮭﺗو ..سﺎﺳﺣﻹا اذھ ﺎﮭﺑﺎﺗﻧﯾ موﯾﻟا اذھ لﺛﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻧﺳ لﻛ ،ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ ...ﻲﻧﺗدﻟو دﻘﻓ يرظﻧ .24

19 (Al- Ghathami, 1997, p. 135).

20 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 80).

21 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 15).

22 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 38).

23 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 7).

24 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 6).

(8)

Address

نﻋ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺛﻟا لﺎﺻﻔﻧﻻا ﺔﺑرﺟﺗ ﺎﻣأو مﻟﺎﻌﻟا نﯾﺑو ﺎھدﺳﺟ نﯾﺑ ًادودﺣ مﯾﻘﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ لوﻷا ﺎھدﻼﯾﻣ دﯾﻋ ﻲﻔﻓ .مﻟﻷﺎﺑ ًﺎﺿﯾأ ﺔطﺑﺗرﻣ تﻧﺎﻛﻓ نوﻛﻟا

ﺔﻌﻣﺷﻟا ءوﺿ نﯾﺑ ﻻو ،ﻲﺳرﻛﻟا ﻲﻣدﻗو ﺎﮭﯾﻣدﻗ نﯾﺑ قرﻔﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ ﺎھدﻼﯾﻣ دﯾﻋ ﻲﻔﻓ .ﺔﻣﻟؤﻣ ةروﺻﺑ لﺎﺻﻔﻧﻻا كﻟذ تﻔﺷﺗﻛاو .ﻲﺟرﺎﺧﻟا ّدﻣو دﻛﺄﺗﺗ نأ تدارﺄﻓ كﺷﻟا ﺎﮭظﺎﻏو" ﺎﮭﯾﻧﯾﻋ ءوﺿو كﺷﻟا لﻼﺧ نﻣو ،ﺎﮭﯾﻧﯾﻋو بﮭﻠﻟا نﯾﺑ قرﻔﻟا تﻓرﻋو ،رﺎﻧﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻌﺳﻠﻓ ﺎﮭﻌﺑﺻإ ت

"ﺎﮭﻠﻛﺷ ذﺧﺄﺗ ﺎھؤﺎﺿﻋأو لﻛﺷﺗﺗ ﺎﮭﻣﺳﺟ دودﺣ تﺣﺑﺻأ مﻟﻷاو .25

تاذﻟا تﺎﺑﺛإ وأ ،ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟاو ءﺎﻧﻔﻟا :ﺎﮭﻟ ﺔﺑﺳﺎﻧﻣﻟا لوﻠﺣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋو "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" دﻧﻋ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻣزﻷا ﺔﯾادﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﻓرﻌﺗ دﻗ نوﻛﻧ اذﻛھ و .ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ﻲھ ﺎﻣ رادﻘﻣﺑ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑﻟ" ﺔﺑﺳﻧﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﯾﺎﻏ تﺳﯾﻟ ،ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟا ﺎﻣﻛ ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا نأ ﺔﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا .ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟا فرطﻟا حرﺷ ﻲﻓ أدﺑﻧ

"نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" رﯾﻏ نوﻛﺗ نأ ىوﺳ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ نﻣ دﯾرﺗ اذﺎﻣ فرﻌﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ ﻲﮭﻓ .يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﻣزﺄﺗ نﻣ صﻼﺧﻟا ﻲھ ىرﺧأ ﺔﯾﺎﻏ ﻖﯾﻘﺣﺗﻟ ﻛﺗ مﻟ" ﺔﺳوﻣطﻣﻟا ﺔﯾوﮭﻟا تاذ ﺔﯾطﻣﻧﻟا ﻻ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﮫﻓرﻌﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ لﻛ .ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣﺑ هدﯾرﺗ اذﺎﻣ طﺑﺿﻟﺎﺑ فرﻌﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ .ﻰﻧﻌﻣ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣﻟ فرﻌﺗ ن

ﯾرﺗ ﻻو ،ﺔﯾﻠﻛﻟا ﻰﻟإ بھذﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﻻو ،تﯾﺑﻟا ﻰﻟإ دوﻌﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﻻو ،ﺎﮭﯾﺑأ وأ ﺎﮭﻣأ ﺔﻧﺑا نوﻛﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﻻو نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ نوﻛﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ د

رﯾﺛﻛ لﺎﻣ ﺎﮭﻟ نوﻛﯾ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﻻو ،ﺔﺑﯾﺑط نوﻛﺗ نأ ."ءﺎﯾﺷﻷا هذھ نﻣ ءﻲﺷ ّيأ ﻻو رﺻﻗ ﻻو تﯾﺑ ﻻو ،لﺎﻔطأ ﻻو ،مرﺗﺣﻣ جوز ﻻو ،

26

ﻖﺻﺑﺗ تﻧﺎﻛﻓ .ﺎﮭطﯾﻣﻧﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻣﻌﯾ ﺎﻣ لﻛو ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضورﻔﻣ وھ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺧﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗاذ تﺎﺑﺛﻹ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﻛوﻠﺳ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻧھ نﻣ ﻣأ ةرطﯾﺳ ﮫﻌﻣ ﻖﺻﺑﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ دﻘﻟ ،ﺎﮭﻧﻋ ًﺎﻣﻏر ﺎﮭﻣﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻣأ ﮫﻌﺿﺗ يذﻟا مﺎﻌطﻟا ﺎﻔﯾﺗﺳﯾرﻛ ﺎﯾﻟوﺟ فﻗوﻣ ﮫﺑﺷﯾ فﻗوﻣ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ﺎﮭ

Julia

Kristeva كﻟذ نﻣ ًﺎﯾأ دﯾرأ ﻻ ﺎﻧأ ﮫﻧﺎﻣدﻘﯾ نﯾذﻠﻟا بﻷاو مﻷا نﻋ ﻲﻧﻠﺻﻔﯾو ،ةدﺷﻘﻟﺎﺑ بﯾﻠﺣﻟا كﻟذ ضﻓرأ ﻲﻧﻠﻌﺟﯾ نﺎﯾﺛﻏ" :لوﻘﺗ ذإ .

"ﺎﻣﮭﺗﺑﻏر ﺔﻣﻼﻋ رﺻﻧﻌﻟا .27

ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضورﻔﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺑﺳﻧﺑ فارﺗﻋﻻا ضﻓرﺗ تﻧﺎﻛو نﻋ تﻛردأ" :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ

يرﺟﯾ يذﻟا مدﻟاو ،ةرﺳﻷا هذھ ﻰﻟإ ﻲﻣﺗﻧﺗ ﻻ ﺎﮭﻧأ نﯾﻘﯾ

ﺎﮭﻧأ كﻟذ ﻰﻧﻌﻣ سﯾﻠﻓ كرﺗﺷﻣ رﯾﻏ وأ ﺎﮭﻌﻣ ًﺎﻛرﺗﺷﻣ نﺎﻛ ﺎھﺎﺑأ نأو ،ﺎﻘﺣ ﺎﮭﺗدﻟو ﻲﺗﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﮭﻣأ تﻧﺎﻛ وﻟ ...مﮭﻣد نﻣ سﯾﻟ ﺎﮭﻗورﻋ ﻲﻓ رﯾﻐﺑ ﺔطﺑار ﻲﮭﻓ .ﺎھرظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔطﺑار تﺳﯾﻟ مدﻟا ﺔطﺑار ﺎﮭﯾﻣﺳﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔطﺑارﻟا كﻠﺗ نإ .ﺎﻣﮭﯾﻟإ ﻲﻣﺗﻧﺗ

"ﺔﯾرﺣ رﯾﻐﺑو ،دﺣأ نﻣ ةدارإ .28

قزﻣﯾ لظﯾ ﺎھدﻟاو نأ رﯾﻏ ،مﺳرﻟا لﻼﺧ نﻣ دﯾرﺗ يذﻟا ﺎھدﺳﺟ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻰﻟإ ﻰﻌﺳﺗو ضرﻐﻟا تاذﻟ ﺎھدﺳﺟ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ضﻓرﺗو نوﻛﺗ نأ ﺎﮭﻟ وھ دﯾرﯾ ﺎﻣﻛ نوﻛﺗ نأ ﻻإ ﺎﮭﻟ دﯾرﯾ ﻻ ﮫﻧﺄﻛو هذھ ﺎﮭﺗﺎﻣوﺳر .29

نﻋ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺎﮭﺑ زﱠﯾﻣﯾ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ وھ مﺳﻻا نأ نﻣ مﻏرﻟا ﻰﻠﻋو ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ﮫّﻧﻷو ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضورﻔﻣ ﮫﻧﻷ ﺎﮭﻣﺳا ضﻓرﺗ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" نأ ﻻإ ،هرﯾﻏ

تﻔﺗﻛا وﻟ" :ﻲﺷﯾﺑارط جروﺟ لوﻘﯾ اذھ ﻲﻓو ،لﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا يدرﻔﻟا ﺎھدوﺟو سﻣطﯾ ًﺎﻌﯾطﻗ نھرﺑﺗﻌﺗ ﻲﺗاوﻠﻟا تﺎﯾﺗﻔﻟا مﺋاوﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻌﺿﺗ طﯾﻣﻧﺗ وأ ﺔﯾﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﺗﻼﯾﻣز نﻣ ةدﺣاو يﺄﻛ ﻻإ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﻟ ،ﺎﮭﻣﺳﺎﺑ درﻔﺗﻟا نﻣ نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ ﺎﻧﻠﻗ وﻟ قرﻓ ﻻو ،تﺎﯾﻣﺳﻣ ًﺎﻌﯾﻣﺟ ّنﮭﻧإ .نوﻔﯾإ وأ دﺎﻌﺳ

"تﺎﻘطﺑﻣ وأ تﺎﻧوﻧﻌﻣ وأ تﺎﻣﻗرﻣ ﺎﮭﻧذأ ﻲﻓ مﺳﻻا نرﯾ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ،ﺎﮭﻣﺳا سﯾﻟ ﮫﻧﺄﻛو ﮫﺑ فرﺗﻌﺗ ﻻو ﮫﺿﻓرﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ اذﻟ .30

"..ﺎھرﯾﻏ ةدﺣاو مﺳﺎﻛ ًﺎﺑﯾرﻏ .31

نﻣ ﺎﮭﻣﺳا ل ّوﺣﺗ نﯾﺣ ﺞﻋزﻧﺗ مﻟ ﺎﮭﻧﺈﻓ ﺎﮭﻣﺳﺎﺑ فرﺗﻌﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻟ ﺎﻣﻟو :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ،جاوزﻟا دﻌﺑ "نﯾﺳﺎﯾ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﻰﻟإ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ"

ﻻ ﻲﻟﺎﺗﻟﺎﺑو ،نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ تﺳﯾﻟ ﺎﮭﻧأ دﻌﺑ كردﯾ مﻟ نﯾﻠﺟرﻟا نﻣ ًادﺣأ نﻛﻟ نﯾﺳﺎﯾ دﻣﺣﻣ ﻰﻟإ نﯾھﺎﺷ دﻣﺣﻣ نﻣ نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣ تﻠﻘﺗﻧاو"

"نﯾﺳﺎﯾ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ ﺢﺑﺻﺗ نأ نﻛﻣﯾ .32

كرﺗﺗﻓ ،ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضورﻔﻣ وھ ﺎﻣ ّلُﻛ ضﻓر ﻲﻓ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" رﻣﺗﺳﺗو ﻰﻠﻋ تﻣﻏرأ يذﻟا ﺎﮭﺟوز كرﺗﺗو ،ﺎھدﻟاو ةدارﺈﺑ ﺎﮭﺗﻠﺧد ﻲﺗﻟا بطﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ

ﻊﯾﻣﺟﻟا لﻌﺟﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﻲھ ﺎھذﻘﻧﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﻲھ ﺎھدﺣو ﺔﺣﯾﺿﻔﻟﺎﻓ" مھدوﯾﻗ نﻣ صﻠﺧﺗﺗﻓ ﺎﮭﻠھﺄﺑ ﺔﺣﯾﺿﻔﻟا ﻖﺣﻠﺗ ﻰﺗﺣ فﺎﻓزﻟا ﺔﻠﯾﻟ ﻲﻓ ﮫﻧﻣ جاوزﻟا ﺣﺗ وأ ﺎﮭﻠظﺗ ةرﺳأ رﯾﻐﺑو مأ رﯾﻐﺑو بأ رﯾﻐﺑ ﺢﺑﺻﺗ نأ ظﻔﻠﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﻲھو ،ﺎﮭﻧوظﻔﻠﯾ

"ﺎﮭﯾﻣ .33

25 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 14).

26 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 65).

27 (Kristeva, 1982, p. 3).

28 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 64).

29 See: (El- Saadawi, 1975, pp. 24-25).

30 (Tarabichi, 1987, p. 20).

31 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 19).

32 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 113).

33 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 116).

(9)

5 12 / R umeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2020.S7 (October) The existential angst woman in Nawal El-Saadawi’s Novels / M. H. M. Abdel Qader (pp. 504-520)

Address

هذھ لﺧاد ًادرﻓ نوﻛﺗ نأ نﻣ ًﺎﺑﺎھر "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" شﯾﻌﺗو .درﻔﻟا ﺔﯾوھ ﺎﮭﻠﺧاد سﻣطﻧﺗ نﺎﻌطﻗ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" رظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ سﺎﻧﻟاو

"نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑﻟ" ًﺎﻘﻧﺎﺧو ًﺎﯾﻏﺎط ًﺎﺳﺎﺳﺣإ ﻊﯾطﻘﻟا بﺎھر لﻛﺷﯾ ثﯾﺣﺑ نﺎﻌطﻘﻟا مﮭﻔﺻﺗو ﺔﯾروﺗﺎﻛﯾرﺎﻛ ًاروﺻ نﯾرﺧﻶﻟ مﺳرﺗ ﺎھدﺟﻧ اذﻟ .34

مﮭﺑ لزﻧﺗ ًﺎﻓﺎﺻوأ ..دودﻟاو لﻣﻧﻟاو طﺑﻟا بارﺳأو فﺣاوزﻟاو نﺎﻌطﻘﻟﺎﺑ مﮭﻔﺻﺗﻓ تﺎﻧاوﯾﺣﻟا فوﻔﺻ ﻲﻓ مﮭﻠﻌﺟﺗو ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺳﻧﻹا مﮭﺗﻧﺎﻛﻣ نﻋ

ﻊﯾطﻗو جاوزﻷا ﻊﯾطﻗو ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﺎﺟر ﻊﯾطﻗو تﺎﺑﻟﺎطﻟاو ﺔﺑﻠطﻟا ﻊﯾطﻗو ةذﺗﺎﺳﻷا ﻊﯾطﻗو تﺎﻧﺑﻟا ﻊﯾطﻗ نﻣ لﻛﺷﺗﺗ نﺎﻌطﻘﻟا هذھو ارﻓأ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻊﺑطﻧﯾ تﺎﻣﺳ لﻣﺣﯾ ﻊﯾطﻗ لﻛو ..نﯾﻔظوﻣﻟا .رﺧﻵا نﻋ مھدﺣأ زﯾﻣﺗ ﻼﻓ ًﺎﻌﯾﻣﺟ هد

ثﺎﻧﻹا ﻊﯾطﻗ وھ ﺎﮭﻟ ًﺎطﯾﻣﻧﺗو ،درﻔﺗﻣﻟا "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" دوﺟوﻟ ًادﯾدﮭﺗ نﺎﻌطﻘﻟا هذھ دﺷأو .ﺎھرظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻧود نﺎﻌطﻘﻟا دﺷأ ﻊﯾطﻘﻟا اذھ رﺑﺗﻌﯾو .35

"ًﺎﺗﻧﺑ نﻛﺗ مﻟ وﻟ ﮫﺳﻔﻧ ةرارﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻧﻣﺗﯾ نﺎﻛ" ﺎھدﻟاوﻓ .ثﺎﻧﻺﻟ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ةرظﻧ نﻣ ﺎﮭﯾدﻟ تﻠﻛﺷﺗ ةرظﻧ ﻲھو .36

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﺑرﺿﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻣأو

مﺋاد كﺷ ﻊﺿوﻣ تﻧﺎﻛ دﻘﻓ ،ةﺎﺗﻓ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﺎﻣﺑو .ةرﺎﻛﺑﻟا ءﺎﺷﻏ قزﻣﺗﯾ نأ ﺔﯾﺷﺧ زﻔﻘﺗ ﺎﮭﺗأر اذإ ًﺎﺑﻋر ﺊﻠﺗﻣﺗ تﻧﺎﻛو ،ﺎﮭﺗروﻋ تﻔﺷﻛ اذإ ﺎﮭﯾدﯾ أ مﺳرﺗ وأ درﺷﺗ وأ رﺧﺄﺗﺗ نﯾﺣو ،ﻊﻠﺻﻷا رﺎﺟﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ لطﺗ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﺎھوﺑأ روﺻﺗﯾ سﻣﺷﻟا ﺔﻌﺷﺄﺑ ﻊﺗﻣﺗﺳﺗﻟ ﺔﻓرﺷﻟا ﻲﻓ فﻘﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ نﯾﺣ"

و

"لﺟرﻟا وھو دﺣاو بﺑﺳﻟﺎﻓ ةآرﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ رظﻧﺗ وأ مﺣﺗﺳﺗ وأ رﻛﻔﺗ .37

ﺎﮭﯾﻣدﻘﺑ ضرﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ بدﺗ تﻧﺎﻛﻓ ،تﺎﯾﺗﻔﻟا رﺋﺎﺳﻛ كرﺣﺗﺗ وأ فرﺻﺗﺗ نﻛﺗ مﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻔﯾﻧﻋ طﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا اذھ هﺎﺟﺗ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" لﻌﻓ ةّدر تﻧﺎﻛ اذﻟ رﺣﻟا كﻠﺗﺑ ﺔﻘﺻﺗﻠﻣﻟا نﮭﻧﺎﻘﯾﺳﺑ نرﺳﯾ ﺎﮭﺗﻼﯾﻣز ىرﺗ نﯾﺣو .." ﺎﮭﺗاوطﺧ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﯾﻗﺎﺳ نﯾﺑ لﺻﻔﺗو نﻣ نﮭّﻧأ كردﺗ ﺔﺑﯾرﻐﻟا ﺔﯾدودﻟا ﺔﻛ

"ﺔﻠﯾﺻﻓ نﻣ ﻲھو ﺔﻠﯾﺻﻓ . ّنﮭﺑﺎﯾﺛ ﮫﺑﺷﺗ ﻻ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺎﮭﺑﺎﯾﺛو ةزﯾﻣﻣﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻔﻗوو ةدﺎﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗارظﻧ ﻲﻓ ّنﮭﻔﻟﺎﺧﺗ تﻧﺎﻛو .38

ذأ ﻲﻓ نرﺗ ﺎﮭﻌﻣﺳ ﻰﻟإ لﺻﺗ نﯾﺣ ﻰﺛﻧأ ﺔﻣﻠﻛ" ﺎھدرﻔﺗﻟ ءﺎﻐﻟإو ﺎﮭﻟ طﯾﻣﻧﺗ ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ﻲھ ﻲﺗﻟاو ،ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ﺔﺿورﻔﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﺛوﻧأ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" تھرﻛو ﺎﮭﻧ

"ﺔﯾرﺎﻌﻟا ةروﻌﻟﺎﻛ وأ ﺔﺑّﺳﻟﺎﻛ ًﺎﻓوﺧ ﮫﯾﻓ مﺣﺗﺳﺗ يذﻟا موﯾﻟا هرﻛﺗ تﺣﺑﺻأ " ذإ ﺔطرﻔﻣ ﺔﯾھارﻛﺑ ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺎﮭﺋﺎﺿﻋأ ﻊﻣ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" لﻣﺎﻌﺗﺗو .39

"..ﺔﯾھارﻛ ةرظﻧ ﺎﮭﯾﻟإ تﺑوﺻ ﺎﮭﺗدارإ مﻏر ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ﺎھرظﻧ ﻊﻗو اذإو .ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺎﮭﺋﺎﺿﻋأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎھرظﻧ ﻊﻘﯾ نأ نﻣ ّدﺣ رﻣﻷا ﺎﮭﺑ ﻎﻠﺑﯾو .40

ذھ دوﺟو رﺎﻛﻧإ كﻠﺗ تاذﻟﺎﺑ ،ءﺎﺿﻋأ ﺎﮭﻟ سﯾﻟو مﺳﺟ ﺎﮭﻟ سﯾﻟ" :ﺎھﺎﯾإ ﺔﻔﺻاو ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ،ثﺎﻧﻹا سﻧﺟﺑ ﺎﮭطﺑرﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ءﺎﺿﻋﻷا ه

"رﺧﻵا سﻧﺟﻟا نﻣ دﺣاو ﺎﮭﻛرﺣﯾ وأ ﺎھرﯾﺛﯾ نأ نﻛﻣﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ءﺎﺿﻋﻷا .41

ﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﺎﮭﺑ ضﻓرﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا تﺎﺳرﺎﻣﻣﻟا نﻣ ًاءزﺟ ﺔﺛوﻧﻷا هﺎﺟﺗ هذھ لﻌﻔﻟا دودر لﺛﻣﺗو نﺄﻛو .ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ضورﻔﻣ وھ ﺎﻣ "ن

:ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻗ ﻲﻓ ةرﺎﻛﺑﻟا ءﺎﺷﻐﻟ يزﺎﺟﻣﻟا فﯾظوﺗﻟا لﻼﺧ نﻣ اذھ رﮭظﯾو ،ﺔﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﺗاذ نﻣ فﺷﻛﯾ يذﻟا وھ ﺎﮭﺗﺛوﻧأ نﻣ ﺎھررﺣﺗ ،ﺔﻛرﺣ يأ دﻧﻋ رﺳﻛﻠﻟ ضرﻌﻣ ًﺎﻣﺎﻣﺗ جﺎﺟزﻟﺎﻛ فﺎﻔﺷ ،ﺎﮭﺗﻘﯾﻘﺣ نﯾﺑو ﺎﮭﻧﯾﺑ لﺻﻔﯾ يذﻟا ءﺎﺷﻐﻟا تﻗزﻣو ،ﺎﮭﻣﺎﻣأ يذﻟا زﺟﺎﺣﻟا تﺣازأ"

أو

"ةزﻔﻗ ي .42

نﻣ ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟا نﺈﻓ ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزأ نﻣ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" صﻼﺧﻟ ﺔﻠﯾﺳو ،هرﻛذ مدﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ لﻼﺧ نﻣ ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ةدرﻔﺗﻣﻟا تاذﻟا تﺎﺑﺛإ نﺎﻛ اذإو .لﺑﻗ نﻣ ﺎﻧرﻛذ ﺎﻣﻛ ﺔﯾﺎﻐﻟا هذﮭﻟ رﺧﻵا لﯾﺑﺳﻟا وھ دوﺟوﻟا

ا ﺔﻣزﻷا ﺔﯾادﺑ لﺑﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟإ مﺣرﻟا ﻰﻟإ ةدوﻌﻟا ﺎﮭﻧﻣ ﮫﺟوأ ةّدﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺣﻟا اذھ لﺛﻣﺗﯾو اذھ ظﺣﻠﻧو .ﺎﮭﻣأ نﻋ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﺻﻔﻧﺎﺑ ترﮭظ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟ

فﯾوﺟﺗ وأ ﺔﺣﺗﻓ نﻋ ﺎھدﺳﺟ ﻲﻓ ثﺣﺑﺗو ،ﺎﮭﻣﻣﺷﺗﺗ ﺎﮭّﻣأ ردﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﺳأر تﻧﻓد..." :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻗ كﻟذ نﻣ ﺔﯾاورﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻊﺿاوﻣ ةّدﻋ ﻲﻓ بﯾرﻏ نﯾﻧﺣو ،نﻣﻵا نﯾﻧﺟﻟﺎﻛ ﻊﺑﻘﺗ ،ﺎﮭﺑ ﺔﺻﺑرﺗﻣﻟا ىوﻘﻟا نﻋ ًادﯾﻌﺑ مﻟﺎﻌﻟا نﻋ ةدﯾﻌﺑ ﮫﯾﻓ نﻣﻛﺗ ،ﺎﮭﯾوﺗﺣﯾ ﺎھدﺳﺟ ّجرﯾ نﺎﻣﻸﻟ فﯾﻧﻋ

"مﺣرﻟا لﺧاد روﻛﺗﻠﻟ نﯾﻧﺣ .43

34 (Tarabichi, 1987, p. 12-13).

ةﺮﻔﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﯾرﻮﺗﺎﻜﯾرﺎﻜﻟا ﻊﯿﻄﻘﻟا اﺬھ تﺎﻤﺳ ﺮﻈﻧا 35

: 116) , 1975, p.

Saadawi - (El

36 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 81).

37 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 111).

38 (El- Saadawi, 1975, 32.

39 (El- Saadawi, 1975, 110.

40 (El- Saadawi, 1975, 110, See: p. 81.

41 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 69).

42 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 83).

43 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 134, See: p. 8).

(10)

Address

نﻣ ةدوﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺣﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﺑﻏر" ﺎھدوارﺗ ﺎﮭﺗﻟوﻔط ذﻧﻣﻓ .ﺔﯾﻣدﻌﻟاو رﺎﺣﺗﻧﻻاو توﻣﻟا سﺟﺎﮭﺑ ﺔﻧوﻛﺳﻣ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" دﺟﻧ ،رﺧآ دﯾﻌﺻ ﻰﻠﻋو دودﺣ ﮫﻟو ،ﺢطﺳ ﮫﻟو لﻘﺛ ﮫﻟ دﺳﺟ رﯾﻐﺑ ﺢﺑﺻﺗ نأ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﯾﺿرﻷا ﺔﯾﺑذﺎﺟﻟا لﺎﺟﻣ نﻣ جورﺧﻟا ﻲﻓ ،تﺗأ ثﯾﺣ ،ﮫﻟوﺣ ﺎﻣﻋ ﮫﻠﺻﻔﺗ ﺔﯾﺟرﺎﺧ

"ﻲﺋﺎﮭﻧﻼﻟا لﻣﺎﻛﻟا ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟاو ،نوﻛﻟا ﻲﻓ ءاوﮭﻟا تارذﻛ نﺎﺑوذﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺣﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﺑﻏر .44

نﺳﺣﺗ ،نﺎﺑﺿﻘﻟا قوﻓ قزﻣﻣﻟا دﺳﺟﻟا ىرﺗو ،مارﺗﻟا نﻣ ﺎﮭﺳأرﺑ لطﺗو ًﺎﺧارﺻ ﻊﻣﺳﺗ ﺎﻣﻧﯾﺣ ،ًﺎﺿﯾأ سﺟﺎﮭﻟا اذﮭﺑ ﺔظﻘﯾﻟا مﻼﺣأ ﺎھدوارﺗو ھو .ﺎﮭﮭﺟو وھ بﺣﺎﺷﻟا ﮫﺟوﻟا اذھو ،ﺎھدﺳﺟ ﮫﻧأ

"ﺎﮭﻣد نﺎﺑﺿﻘﻟا قوﻓ رﻣﺣﻷا مدﻟا اذ .45

نﻣو ،ﺎﮭﺗدارﺈﺑ ًﺎﺿﯾأ توﻣﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ ﺎﻣﻧإو ،ﺎﮭﺗدارﺈﺑ ﺎﯾﺣﺗ نأ طﻘﻓ دﯾرﺗ ﻻ ﻲھ ﺔﮭﺟ نﻣﻓ ،ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزأ لوﻠﺣﻟ ًادﺎﺣﺗا رﺎﺣﺗﻧﻻا لﺛﻣﯾو ﺔﺣﻠﻣ ﺔﻓرﺎﺟ ﺔﺑﻏر" ﺎﮭﺣﺎﺗﺟﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ دﻘﻓ اذﻟ ،يدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﻘﻠﻘﻟ رﺧﻵا لﺣﻟا وھ ءﺎﻧﻔﻟاو توﻣﻟا نﺈﻓ ىرﺧأ ﺔﮭﺟ ّدﺣ ﻰﻟإ ةﺎﯾﺣﻟﺎﺑ سﺎﺳﺣﻺﻟ

رﯾﻐﺑ ﺎھدﺳﺟ لﺗﻘﯾ نأ ﻲھ ﺔﻣﯾرﺟﻟا ﺎﻣﻧإ ،ﺔﻣﯾرﺟ تﺳﯾﻟ ﺎﮭﻧأ كردﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ .ﺎﮭﺗدارإو ﺎﮭﯾﻋو لﻣﺎﻛﺑ ﺎھدﺳﺟ لﺗﻘﺗ نأ ﻲﻓ .لﺗﻗ ﺔﻣﯾرﺟ فارﺗﻗا

"ﺎﮭﺗدارإ .46

ﯾرﺧﻵا ﻖﺣ ﻲﻓ لﺗﻗ ﺔﻣﯾرﺟ بﺎﻛﺗرا ﻲﻓ رﯾﻛﻔﺗﻠﻟ ﺎھزوﺎﺟﺗﺗ لﺑ ،ﺎﮭﺗاذ لﺗﻗ دﻧﻋ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ىدﻟ فﻘﺗ ﻻ لﺗﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑﻏرﻟاو :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ،ن

"لﺗﻗ ﺔﻣﯾرﺟ ﻻإ ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺟﺟﺄﺗﻣﻟا رﺎﻧﻟا دﻣﺧﯾ نﻛﯾ مﻟ ًﺎﺋﯾﺷ نإ لﺑ ،لﺗﻗ ﺔﻣﯾرﺟ فارﺗﻗا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔظﺣﻠﻟا كﻠﺗ ﻲﻓ ةردﺎﻗ تﻧﺎﻛ"

ﺎھ لﺗﻘﻟاو .47

نﺎﺳﻧﻹا دﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻔﻧﻟا ﺔﻗﺎطﻟا نﻣ عوﻧ" ﮫّﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ سﻔﻧﻟا مﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ناودﻌﻟا فرﻌﯾ ذإ ،ﺔﻠﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا تاذﻟا تﺎﺑﺛﻹ ﺔﻠﯾﺳو وھ ﺎﻧھ نأ ﻰﻠﻋ

نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺢﺑﺻﯾ نأ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑﻏرﻟا وأ ةوﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑﻏرﻟا وأ ﮫﺗاذ دﯾﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﻓ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺔﺑﻏر ءارو ﻊﻓادﻟا ﮫﻧإ رﺧآ ﻰﻧﻌﻣﺑ ،لﻘﺗﺳﻣ درﻔﻛ ﮫﺳﻔﻧ زﯾﻣﯾ

"نﯾرﺧﻵا نﻋ ًﻼﺻﻔﻧﻣو ًﻼﻘﺗﺳﻣ ًادرﻓ .48

ﻣ صﻠﺧﺗﻟا وھ "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" قرؤﯾ نﺎﻛ يذﻟا دﯾﺣوﻟا مﮭﻟا نأ نﻣ ﮫﯾﻟإ ﺎﻧﺑھذ ﺎﻣ دﻛؤﯾ هرﻛذ مدﻘﺗ ﺎﻣو :ﺔﻘﯾرط يﺄﺑ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﻣزأ ن

.ًﺎﻌﻣ ﺎﻣھﻼﻛ وأ ،ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟاو ءﺎﻧﻔﻟا وأ ،درﻔﺗﻟاو زﯾﻣﺗﻟا

مطﻘﻣﻟا لﺑﺟ ﻲﻓ ﮫﻧﻛﺳ نﺎﻛﻣو "مﯾھارﺑإ مﯾﻠﺳ" :"نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ةﺎﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ترﮭظ رﺻﺎﻧﻋ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻲﻓ نﺎﯾدوﺟوﻟا نﻼﺣﻟا ناذھ ُدﺣّﺗﯾو .ﺔﯾروﺛﻟا ةرھﺎظﺗﻟاو

ﺣ ًادﯾﺳﺟﺗ يروﺛﻟا بﺎﺷﻟا "مﯾھارﺑإ مﯾﻠﺳ" لﺛﻣﯾ ًﺎﻛوﻠﺳ لﺛﻣﯾ ﮫﺑ موﻘﯾ يذﻟا يروﺛﻟا لﻣﻌﻟا نإ ذإ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﺎﮭﻧﻋ ثﺣﺑﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻠﻟ ًﺎﯾﻘﯾﻘ

،ﺔﯾﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﺳﻔﻧ ةروﺻ ﮫﯾﻧﯾﻋ ﻲﻓ ىرﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ" ﺎﮭﻧﻋ ثﺣﺑﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺎﮭﺗاذ "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" ﮫﯾﻓ دﺟﺗﻓ .ضورﻔﻣﻟاو دﺋﺎﺳﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ًادرﻣﺗﻣ ًﺎﯾدوﺟو

"ﺎﮭﺗﯾرﺣ دﻛؤﺗ ﮫﯾﻟإ ﺎﮭﺗﻛرﺣو ﻋ تﺣﺗ ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣ ّيدﺎﻣ دوﺟو ﺎﮭﻟ ﺢﺑﺻﯾو .49

ﮫﻧأ تّﺳﺣأ ﺎﮭﯾﻧﯾﻋ مﺎﻣأ هﺎﻧﯾﻋ تﻛرﺣﺗ ﺎﻣﻧﯾﺣ" :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ﺔﯾﻧﯾ

"ﺎﮭﯾﻧﯾﻋ رﯾﻏ نﯾرﺧآ ﻲﻧﯾﻌﺑ ﺔﯾﺋرﻣ ﺢﺑﺻﺗ ةرﻣ ل ّوﻷ ﺎﮭﻧأو ،ﺎھارﯾ .50

مﻟﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ رﺧآ دوﺟو ﮫﻟ ﺢﺑﺻﯾ ،ثﺎﻧﻹا ﻊﯾطﻘﺑ ،ﮫﯾﻓ ثﯾﻧﺄﺗﻟا ءﺎﺗﺑ ،ﺎﮭطﺑرﯾ ﮫﻧوﻛﻟو ﺎﮭﯾﻠﻋ ًﺎﺿورﻔﻣ هرﺎﺑﺗﻋﺎﺑ ﮫﺿﻓرﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ يذﻟا ﺎﮭﻣﺳاو ﺣ ﺔﯾدوﺟوﻟاو درﻔﺗﻟا ﻲھ ﺎﮭﻧﻛﻟو ،ﺔﯾﮭﺑ ﺔﯾأ ،ﺔﯾﮭﺑ مﺳﺎﻛ سﯾﻟ ،ﺔﯾﺻوﺻﺧﻟا دﯾدﺷ ﺎﮭﻣﺳا ﺢﺑﺻأ دﻘﻟ" :ﺔﯾوارﻟا لوﻘﺗ ،"مﯾﻠﺳ" ﮫﺑ ﺎﮭﯾدﺎﻧﯾ نﯾ

"...صﺎﺧﻟا ﺎﮭﻧﺎﯾﻛﺑ نﯾﯾﻼﻣﻟا نود ،نﯾرﺧﻵا نود ﻲھ ،دﯾدﺣﺗﻟﺎﺑ مﻟﺎﻌﺑ ﺎﮭطﺑرﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﻷ ﺎﮭھرﻛﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺎھؤﺎﺿﻋأ كﻟذﻛو .51

ﻟا طﯾﻣﻧﺗ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﺑﺑﺳ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻧﻷو ،ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا "ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" دﻧﻋ ة ّرﻣ ل ّوﻷ ﺎﯾﻠﻌﻓ رﮭظﺗ ،ﺎھدوﺟو "نﯾھﺎﺷ ﺔﯾﮭﺑ" تﻐﻟأ ﻲﺗﻟا ءﺎﺿﻋﻷا هذھ ،ﺎﮭﻟ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣ

ﺎﮭﺗﯾدوﺟو ﺎﮭﺑ ﻖﻘﺣﺗ ﺔﻠﯾﺳو تﺣﺑﺻأ ﺎﮭﻧﻛﻟو ،ﺎﮭﻟ نﯾرﺧﻵا طﯾﻣﻧﺗ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﺑﺑﺳ ءﺎﺿﻋﻷا هذھ دﻌﺗ مﻟ ذإ ،"مﯾﻠﺳﺑ" لوﻷا ﻲﺳﻧﺟﻟا ءﺎﻘﻠﻟا بﻘﻋ ﺳﻧﻹا ﻊﻣ ةدارإو ﻲﻋو نﻋ ﺔﻘﺛﺑﻧﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻧﺟﻟا ﺔﺳرﺎﻣﻣﻟﺎﺑ .ﺎھرظﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﯾﻘﺣﻟا نﺎ

اورﻟا ﻲﻓ ءﺎﺟ ،ﻲﺷﻼﺗﻟاو ءﺎﻧﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻧوﻧﯾﻛ لﺛﻣﯾ ﮫﺗاذ تﻗوﻟا ﻲﻓ وﮭﻓ ،"ﺔﯾﮭﺑﻟ" درﻔﺗﻟاو زﯾﻣﺗﻟا لﺛﻣﯾ يذﻟا جذوﻣﻧﻟا "مﯾھارﺑإ مﯾﻠﺳ" نﺎﻛ اذإو :ﺔﯾ

"ضﺑﻧﻟا فﻗوﺗﯾ ﻰﺗﺣ :لوﻘﺗ نأ دﯾرﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ .لﻣﻛﺗ مﻟو تﻔﻗوﺗ ﺎﮭﻧﻛﻟ ...ﻰﺗﺣ كﺗوﻗ لﻛﺑ ﻲﻧّﻣﺿ تﻓﺎﺧ توﺻﺑ تﻟﺎﻗ"

.52

44 (El- Saadawi, 1975, pp. 7-8, See: p. 75).

45 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 20).

46 (El- Saadawi, 1975, pp. 49-50).

47 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 129).

48 (El- Saadawi, 1991, p. 98).

49 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 113).

50 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 35).

51 (El- Saadawi, 1975, p. 42).

52 (El- Saadawi, 1975, pp. 47-48, See: p. 74).