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ABSTRACT

Degree of Doctorate

A Source Written in Period of Anatolid Seljukids:

4—G¯$KPDGRI1L÷GH¶VDO-Walad al-6KDI¯TZDDO-+—IHGDO-.KDO¯T $OL(UWX÷UXO

Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Islamic History and Arts

We have a few local historical sources concerning the process of the conquest and then occupation of Anatolia by Anatolid Seljukids. With the exception of definite knowledges in Enîsü’l-KulûbZULWWHQLQYHUVHE\.DGÕ%XUKDQHGGLQ$QHYv in 608/1211, and in the concise work Tarih-i Âl-i Selçuk der Anatoli written by an anonymous author approximately in 765/1364, what is left related to Anatolid Seljukids is two native detailed historical sources: firstly, el-Evâmirü’l-Alâiyye

fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâiyye (Selçuk-nâme) written by 1DVÕUXGGLQ +VH\LQ E 0XKDPPHG ZHOONQRZQ DV øEQ %LEL LQ  DQG VHcondly, Kerimüddin Aksarayî’s

Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr ve Müsâyeretü’l-Ahyâr (Tezkire-i Aksarâyî) written in

723/1323. Also among too few historical sources in question is the work as a concise history of Islam el-_{9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN YH¶O-Hâfidü’l-Halîk written by Ni÷GHOL .DGÕ} Ahmed in 733/1333, and “informations given about religious and social history” in the work, as put by the late M.F. Köprülü, differentiates it from the others

With and by way of our thesis, the text which is single copy of the work at the moment, registered in the Library of Süleymaniye, Fatih Section No: 4518, has been corrected and edited and presented for the benefit of mass. Inspired from informations in Persian text, we have tried to make some partial evaluations and interpretations about the work, its author and its period.

In this context, in Introduction, it is dealt with the history of the period and the tradition of Persian historiography in that we easily know the time and the ground in which it was written down, and also evaluations and interpretations PDGHWLOOQRZDERXWWKHZRUNDUHVWUHVVHG)LUVW&KDSWHUWHOOV.DGÕ$KPHW¶VOLIH and work by following the trails of knowledges given in the work. In the Second Chapter, we have translated certain parts of the work which are regarded as important by us into Turkish. Beside, the original Persian text in its edited versiyon is submitted as the second volume.

Key Words: 1) 4DGL$KPDGRI1L÷GH2) al-Walad al-Shafiq 3) Persian’s Sources 4) Anatolid Seljukids 5) XIVth Century

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Devri Türk Tarihi, Ankara 1998, s. 102-107; A. Zeki Velidî Togan, 8PXPv7UN7DULKLQH*LULú, øVWDQEXO 1981, s. 202. Ali Sevim, Anadolu’nun Fethi Selçuklular Dönemi, Ankara 1993, s. 117; 0XVWDID .HVNLQ ³*D]L 6OH\PDQúDK YH 7UNL\H 6HOoXNOX 'HYOHWL¶QLQ .XUXOXúX´ Türkler, c. VI, $QNDUD  V  0HYFXW J|UúOHULQ WHQNLWOL ELU LQFHOHPHVL YH GHYOHWLQ ILLlen ve hukuken 6OH\PDQúDK¶WDQ VRQUD R÷OX .ÕOÕo $UVODQ WDUDIÕQGDQ ¶GH NXUXOGX÷X KXVXVXQGD LVH EN] øEUDKLP .DIHVR÷OX ³$QDGROX 6HOoXNOX 'HYOHWL +DQJL 7DULKWH .XUXOGX´ øVWDQEXO hQ (GHEL\DW )DN 7DULK

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Fethi Selçuklular Dönemi, s. 35-181; Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H, s. 1-44; Claude Cahen, 2VPDQOÕODUGDQgQFH$QDGROX¶GD7UNOHUWHUF<ÕOGÕ]0RUDQøVWDQEXOV-87; $\UÕFDNRQX\ODLOJLOLRODUDNúXPDNDOHOHUHGHEDNÕODELOLU$KPHW7RNVR\³0DOD]JLUW=DIHULQGHQgQFH 'R÷X$QDGROX¶\D<DSÕODQ7UN$NÕQODUÕ´Türkler, c. IV, Ankara 2002, s. 678-693; Mükrimin Halil Yinanç, “Anadolu’nun Fethi”, Türkler, c. VI, Ankara 2002, s. 194-0XVWDID.DIDOÕ³$QDGROX¶QXQ )HWKLYH7UNOHúPHVL´Türkler, c. VI, Ankara 2002, s. 177-193. 

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3 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H, s. 45- 0XVWDID .HVNLQ ³*D]L 6OH\PDQúDK YH}

7UNL\H6HOoXNOX'HYOHWL¶QLQ.XUXOXúX´V-535.

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PEDUHN úNUHGLOHQ ]L\DUHWHGLOHQ \DUGÕPHGHQ YHVXYHULOPLúE\NNHVNLQNÕOÕFÕQ marifetiyle kâfirlerin maddesini kesen”7 VÕIDWODUÕQÕ Ok\ÕN J|UG÷ &HOkOHGGLQ 0HQJELUWL¶QLQ$QDGROX¶QXQGR÷XVXQGDNLVRQXoVX]YHWDKULSNDUIDDOL\HWOHULQHWLFHVLQGH \ÕOÕQGDFHUH\DQHGHQ<DVVÕoHPHQVDYDúÕ8_{DUGÕQGDQELOKDVVDKD\DWWDU]ODUÕYH}

PHQIDDWOHULQLQIDUNOÕROPDVÕFLKHWL\OH6HOoXNOXLGDUHVLQHNDUúÕPHVDIHOLGDYUDQDQJ|oHEH

5_{%N]0HKPHWùHNHU³$QDGROX¶QXQ7UN9DWDQÕ+DOLQH*HOPHVL´Türkler, c. VI, Ankara 2002, s.}

279-$\UÕFDEN]0HKPHWùHNHU)HWLKOHUOH$QDGROX¶QXQ7UNOHúPHVLYHøVOkPODúPDVÕ, Ankara 1991, s. 66-69, 102-%XHVHULQ)DUVoDWHUFPHVLLoLQLVHEN]0HKPHWùHNHUSelç€NL\kQùLNHVW-i Bizans GHU0DOD]JLUWYH*RVWHULú-LøVOkPGHU$QDWROLWUF$OL(UWX÷UXO-Nasrollah Salehi, Tahran 1385/2006, s. 94-97, 138-6HOoXNOXODUG|QHPLQGH%DWÕ¶\DJ|oHGHQ+DQHIvkOLPOHUOHLOJLOLRODUDNEN]:LOIHUG Madelung, “The Westward Migration of Hanafi Scholars From Central Asia in the 11th to 13th Centuries”, $QNDUDhQøOkKL\DW)DN'HUJLVLF;/,,,6D\Õ$QNDUDV-55. Bu makalenin Türkçe tercümesi için ise bkz. Wilferd Madelung, “11.-$VÕUODUGD+DQHIvÆOLPOHULQ2UWD$V\D’dan %DWÕ\D*|o´øPDP0kWXUvGvYH0DWXULGLOLN, haz. Sönmez Kutlu, Ankara 2003, s. 369-$\UÕFD EN] )DUXN 6PHU ³$QDGROX¶\D <DOQÕ] *|oHEH 7UNOHU PL *HOGL"´ Belleten, c. XXIV/96, Ankara 1960, s. 567-594. 

6 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 363-374, 416-426, 506; Muammer Gül, 'R÷XYH}

*QH\GR÷X$QDGROX¶GD0R÷RO+DNLPL\HWLøVWDQEXOV-72. 

7_{1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvNYH¶O-Hâfidü’l-Halîk, Süleymaniye Kütp. Fâtih Böl. No: 4518}

(Eski No: 4519), v. 148a.

7UNPHQ DúLUHWOHULQLQ NDWÕOGÕ÷Õ %DEDv LV\DQÕ9_{, Anadolu Selçuklu devletinin muhtemel}

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kaydedilmesi gereken önemli bir zaaf olarak tarihe JHoPLúWLU

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9_{ 6HEHSOHUL WDEDQÕ YH LGHRORMLVL \|Q\OH EX LV\DQÕQ GHWD\OÕ ELU WDKOLOL LoLQ EN] $KPHW <DúDU 2FDN}

%DEDvOHUøV\DQÕøVWDQEXOV-*HQHORODUDNJ|oHEHOHULQKD\DWWDU]ÕYHKkOHW-i ruhiyeleriyle LOJLOLRODUDND\UÕFDEN]06DLG3RODW6HOoXNOX*|oHUOHULQLQ'Q\DVÕøVWDQEXOV-35. 

10 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s.403-411.}

11 _{Anonim, $QDGROX6HOoXNOXODUÕ'HYOHWL7DULKL,,,)DUVoDQúUYH7UNoHWUF)HULGXQ1kIL]8zluk,}

Ankara 1952, s. 31. 

12_{1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 148b. }

13 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 642’de 1243-WDULKOHULDUDVÕQÕ“tabilik devri”}

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hakimiyetinin Anadolu’daki bu ilk döneminde, siyasî ve askerî Jo ND\EÕQD UD÷PHQ VRV\DOKD\DWWDLNWLVDGvDODQGDYHNOWUHOIDDOL\HWOHUGHFLGGLELUEXKUDQYHGH÷LúPHQLQ J|UOPHGL÷L PDOXPGXU %X G|QHPGH $QDGROX¶GD LQúD HGLOHQ PLPDUv HVHUOHU GH \DSÕODúPDQÕQ YH WRSOXPVDO KD\DWÕQ JHOLúPHVLQL VD÷OD\DQ GL÷HU HWNLQOLNOHUin önceden ROGX÷XJLELGHYDPHWWL÷LQLJ|VWHULU16_{+DWWD0R÷ROODUÕQ%\N2N\DQXV¶WDQ$NGHQL]¶H}

NDGDU X]D\DQ JHQLú FR÷UDI\DGD NXUPXú ROGXNODUÕ GHYDVD YH \HNSDUH LPSDUDWRUOXN VD\HVLQGHWLFDUHWDUWDUDNGHYDPHWPLúEDúODQJÕFÕQGDQVRQQRNWDVÕQDNDGDUWDULKv³øSek <ROX´QXQ ELU GHYOHWLQ LQLVL\DWLIL DOWÕQD JLUPHVL $QDGROX¶GDNL LWKDODWÕ YH LKUDFDWÕ GD FDQODQGÕUPÕúWÕU17

14 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s.}

427-$\UÕFDEN].DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHfîk, s. 149b. 

15_{ 2VPDQ 7XUDQ ³0R÷RO '|QHPL 'D÷ÕOÕú YH %H\OLNOHULQ 2UWD\D dÕNÕúÕ´ $QDGROX 6HOoXNOXODUÕ YH}

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³*|OJH VXOWDQOÕN´ veya ³o|Nú GHYUL´ ya da “son zaman” da denen18

676-718/1277- \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL G|QHP19_{ LVH \XNDUÕGD GD GH÷LQGL÷LPL] JLEL øOKDQOÕ}

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18 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H, s. 506; Nejat Kaymaz, Pervâne Muînü’d-dîn} Süleyman$QNDUDV)DUXN6PHU³$QDGROX¶GD0R÷ROODU´V

19

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20 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 586, 602, 626, 633, 642.} 21 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 573, 591-593, 600. }

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23_{$KPHG$WHú³$QDGROX¶QXQ8QXWXOPXú%\N%LUùDLUL6D\IDO-din Muhammed al-Fargani”, Belleten,}

c. XXIII/91, Ankara 1959, s. 422, 427-432. 

24 _{Bu dönemde Anadolu’da var olan Türkmen zümreleri ve faaliyetleriyle ilgili olarak bkz. Osman Turan,}

6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 505-522; 539, 548, 558-572, 590, 595, 602-614, 624-5; Faruk Sümer, “AnadolX¶GD0R÷ROODU´V-55. 

25 _{Osman Turan, “Selçuklular ve Beylikler Döneminde Anadolu”, s. 260. }

26 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 518-522, 539, 548, 558-572, 574, 590, 604-5, 624;}

ø+DNNÕ8]XQoDUúÕOÕAnadolu Beylikleri ve Akkoyunlu, Karakoyunlu Devletleri, Ankara 1984, s. 1-8; Ali Sevim-<DúDU<FHOTürkiye Tarihi Fetih, Selçuklu ve Beylikler Dönemi, Ankara 1989, s. 310-316.

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27_{ <D]ÕFÕ]kGH¶QLQSelçuknâme¶VLQGHJHoHQELULIDGHEXGXUXPXú|\OHDoÕNODU³%XWDULKWH&DQGDUR÷OX} Kastamonu’nun üç y] DOWPÕú DOWÕ VLSDKLVLQGHQ ELUL LGL *|UG NL 5XP 6HOoXNvOHUGHQ KkOv ROGX YH XFODUGD KHU WDUDIWD EH\OHU EDúOÕ EDúÕQD EH\ ROXS \ÕOGD 7DWDU¶D ELU VHKO QHVQH J|QGHULUOHU YH \HUOL \HULQH KNP HGHUOHU RO GDKL (IOXJDQ WDUDIÕQGDQ NL WLPDUÕ DQGD LGL 7UNOHU GHYúLUE oHUL HGLQE .DVWDPRQX¶\DoÕNWÕ´ Bkz. Ali Sevim-<DúDU<FHOTürkiye Tarihi, s. 235. 

28

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29 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 608-614; Ali Sevim-<DúDU<FHOTürkiye Tarihi,}

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Mesâlikü’l-Ebsâr isimli eserin müellifi el-Ömerî ise, bir müslüman yani Gregoras’a göre içeriden biri olarak Anadolu’nun Selçuklu-øOKDQOÕ\|QHWLPLQGHNLKkOLQL YHEXG|QHPGHNLEH\OLNOHULQGXUXPXQXú|\OHFHWDVYLUHGHU³6HOoXNR÷XOODUÕGHYULQGH EX PHPOHNHW FHQQHW JLEL LGL 2UDGD KDON VDDGHW YH VHYLQo LoLQGH \DúÕ\RUGX 1LKD\HW Çi_{QJL]R÷XOODUÕGQ\D\ÕDOWVWHWWLNOHULYDNLW$QDGROX¶GD6HOoXNEDNL\HOHULQLPXKDID]D} edip onlarla birlikte hüküm sürdüler. Sultan Baybars Kayseri’ye girince Tatarlardan ELUNÕVPÕQÕPD÷OXSHGLSEXúHKLUGHWDKWDoÕNWÕWDoJL\GLDGÕQDKXWEHRNXWWXYHSDUD EDVWÕUGÕ KDON GD NHQGLVLQL WHEULN HWWL )DNDW RUDGD ID]OD NDODPD\DUDN JHUL G|QG 0R÷RO KkNLPL\HWL \HUOHúLQFH 6HOoXNOX LGDUHVL VXN€W HWWL 7UN WkLIHOHUL 7UNPHQOHU 0R÷ROODULOHVXOKYH\DVDYDúKDOLQGHLGLOHU0ÕVÕUVXOWDQODUÕQDHOoLYHPHNWXSJ|QGHULS \DUGÕPODUÕQÕLVWHGLOHU%XEH\OHUGHQELUNÕVPÕQDPHQúXUVDQFDNYHED\UDNODUYHULOGL Bu tâifeler ile hâlâ dostâne münasebetler devam eder... Bugünkü Türk beyleri evvelki EH\OHULQ R÷XOODUÕ ROXS 6HOoXNOXODU ]DPDQÕQGDWHGULFHQ PH\GDQD oÕNPÕúODUGÕU 2YDODU Hu_{OkJ DLOHVLQLQ HOLQGH NDOÕUNHQ XoODU YH GD÷ODU 7UN EH\OHULQH DLGGLU %XQODU}

30 _{N. Gregoras, c. I, s. 137’den naklen Paul Wittek, 0HQWHúH%H\OL÷LoHY2ù*|N\D\$QNDUDV}

0R÷ROODUOD ED]HQ VDYDú KkOLQGH ROXS NRPúX NkILUOHUH NDUúÕ GDLPv FLKDG \DSDUODU 0R÷ROODU]D\ÕIOD\ÕQFDSHNoRN7UNPHQEH\OL÷LPH\GDQDoÕNPÕúWÕU´31

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ID]OD SHULúDQ ROPDVÕQD KDONÕQ GDKD ]L\DGH VR\XOXS H]LOPHVLQH VHEHS RODQ EX QHYL LV\DQODU$NVDUD\v¶QLQLIDGHVLQHJ|UHEXPHPOHNHWLQVDKLSVL]NDOPDVÕ\ODLOJLOLGir: “Rum KHUQHNDGDUJDULSOHULQELOHHPQL\HWHHUGL÷LELUUHIDKYHLVWLUDKDWPDNDPÕLVHGH>KkO-i Kk]ÕUGD@ LQLOWLVL] JHoHQ ELU JQQ DúNÕKDVUHWL LoLQGHGLU =LUD $]HUED\FDQ ,UDN YH +RUDVDQ¶ÕQ NÕ\ÕVÕQGD N|úHVLQGH >LNWLGDUÕ VWOHQPH\H@ PNHOOHI\NPO YH Pecbur ROGX÷X NXUXQWXVXVHYGDVÕ DNOÕQD úúHQ DQFDN V|] NRQXVX DU]XVXQXQ GDPJDVÕQÕ PH]N€UYLOk\HWOHUGHNLKDONÕQDOQÕQDEDVDPD\DQWDPDKHOLQL5XPPDNDPELQH÷LQLQH\HU NDúÕQD DWDU PLW D\D÷ÕQÕEX YLOk\HWLQ ILWQH YHIHVDW\ROODUÕQD NR\DUøúLQGH PH\GDQD gel_{HQJHGL÷LEXUDGDNDSDPDNEDúND\HUGHNDUúÕODúPÕúROGX÷XúLGGHWLQKHVDEÕQÕEXUDGD} J|UPHNLVWHU'L÷HUONHYHGL\DUODUÕQo|OOHULQGHELQIHUVDKOÕN\RONDWHWVHD\DNNDEÕVÕQD \DSÕúDQWDOHSWDúODUÕQÕ5XPPHQ]LOYHNRQDNODUÕQGDG|NHU´33

31 _{Franz Teaschner, al-‘Umari’s Bericht über Anatolien in seinem Werke Masalik al-absar fi} mamalik al-amsar, Leipzig 1929, s. 1-4, 30, 50’den naklen Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD

Türkiye, s. 643-*LEERQVøEQ%DW€WD¶QÕQPúkKHGHHGHUHNHO-gPHUv¶QLQLVHúLIkKHQXODúWÕ÷Õ;,9 \]\ÕO$QDGROXúHKLUOHULQHGDLUPDOXPDWÕQúHKLUOHUGHKNPVUHQEH\OHUOHLOJLOLNÕVPÕQÕPXND\HVHOL RODUDN]LNUHWPLúWLU%N]+HUEHUW$GDPV*LEERQV2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XQXQ.XUXOXúXWUF5kJÕE Hulûsi (Özdem), Ankara 1998, s. 232-gPHUv¶QLQHVHULQLQ$QDGROXLOHLOJLOLNÕVPÕLoLQD\UÕFDEN] <DúDU <FHO XIII-;,9 <]\ÕOODU .X]H\-%DWÕ $QDGROX 7DULKL dREDQR÷XOODUÕ &DQGDUR÷XOODUÕ Beylikleri, Ankara 1980, s. 181-201. 

32 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H, s. 614, 616-618, 624-625; Faruk Sümer,}

³$QDGROX¶GD0R÷ROODU´V 65-69.

33 _{Mahmûd b. Muhammed Aksarayî, Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr ve Müsâyeretü’l-Ahyâr, mukaddime ve}

KDúL\HOHUOH QHúUHGHQ 2VPDQ 7XUDQ $QNDUD  V  $\UÕFD EN] .HULPGGLQ 0DKPXG-i Aksarayî, Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr, çev. Mürsel Öztürk, Ankara 2000, s. 152. 

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34 _{Aksarayî, Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr (Türkçe metin), s. 264-265. Söz konusu mektubun tercümesi ve}

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ve Medeniyeti Kongresi Bildirileri, c. II, Konya 2001, s. 11-28.

35 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H, s. 625, 639-642, 645-650; Faruk Sümer,}

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36 _{Kemal Göde, (UDWQDOÕODU-1381), Ankara 1994, s. 34-46, 51-ø+DNNÕ8]XQoDUúÕOÕAnadolu} Beylikleri, s. 155-161; Ali Sevim-<DúDU<FHOTürkiye Tarihi, s. 339-359; Muammer Gül, 0R÷RO

Hakimiyeti, s. 120-123. 

37 _{Osman Turan, 6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 639-640, 644, 646, 650-ø+DNNÕ8]XQoDUúÕOÕ} Anadolu Beylikleri, s. 9-10; Ali Sevim-<DúDU<FHOTürkiye Tarihi, s. 316-318. 

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39_{8FODUÕQKkOHW-LUXKL\HVLVRV\DO\DSÕVÕYHEXUDODUGDYF€GEXODQJD]DPefkûresinin güzel bir tasviri için}

bkz. Paul Wittek, 2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XQXQ'R÷XúX, çev. Fatmagül Berktay, Ankara 1985, s. 28-36, 40-43, 50-2VPDQOÕEH\OL÷LQLQXFODUGDNLIDDOL\HWOHULYHGL÷HUEH\OLNOHUOHPQDVHEHWOHULLoLQGH bkz. Feridun M. Emecen, øON2VPDQOÕODUYH%DWÕ$QDGROX%H\OLNOHU'Q\DVÕøVWDQEXO

40_{%HVLP'DUNRW³1L÷GH´øVOkP$QVLNORSHGLVLF,;(VNLúHKLUV} 41

0XVWDID2IOD]³1L÷GH´7UNL\H'L\DQHW9DNIÕøVOkP$QVLNORSHGLVLF;;;,,,øVWDQEXOV 94; Mehmet ÖzkaUFÕ³1L÷GH´$QDGROX6HOoXNOXODUÕYH%H\OLNOHU'|QHPL8\JDUOÕ÷Õ, c. II, Ankara  V  6|] NRQXVX WDULKOHUGHNL VHIHUOHU YH E|OJHGH FHUH\DQ HGHQ GL÷HU ED]Õ YXNXDW LoLQ EN] øEQ¶O-Esîr, el-Kâmil fi’t-Tarih Tercümesi, F,9øVWDQEXOVFVI, s. 177, 363, 365, 382, 383, 418-425; c. VIII, s. 193-194, 416, 447-448, 459, 463, 464-467, 472-473, 476, 478-481, 482-483, 493, 512-513, 518-522, 531, 538.

42_{ øEQ %vEv el-Evâmirü’l-Alâiyye fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâiyye +D] $GQDQ 6DGÕN (U]L $QNDUD  V 2,}

119, 435, 441, 610, 627, 644, 645, 646, 665, 667; 687, 705; Aksarâyî, Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr ve Müsâyeretü’l-Ahyâr (Farsça metin), s. 74, 97, 101-105, 113, 223, 252-1L÷GHOL.DGÕ Ahmed, el-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 141a, 145b, 147a, 149a, 152a, 152b, 153a, 156a; Anonim, Tarih-i Âl-i

Selçuk der Anatoli (Farsça metin), s. 57, 64.

43 _{Yakut el-Hamevî, Mu‘cemü’l-Buldân, c. V, Beyrut 1957, s. 303; Hamdullah Müstevfî Kazvînî,} Nüzhetu’l-Kulûb WDVKLK YH KDúL\H 0XKDPPHG 'HEvU-siyâkî, Kazvîn 1381, s. 148, 150. Besim Darkot, øVOkP$QVLNORSHGLVL¶QGHNL³1L÷GH´PDGGHVLQGH+DPGXOODK0VWHYIvNuzhetu’l-Kulûb, GSM, ;;;,,, ¶QLQ EX LVPL 1¯NGH éªÜôç úHNOLQGH ND\GHWWL÷LQL V|\OHPHNWHGLU V  7'9 øVOkP

Ansiklopedisi¶QGHNL ³1L÷GH´ PDGGHVLQL \D]DQ 0XVWDID 2IOD] GD \LQH D\QÕ PHOOLIH DWÕIWDEXOXQDUDN (Müstevfî, Nuzhetü’l-Kulûb 6WUDQJH V   PH]N€U PDOXPDWÕ WHNUDU HGHU %N] F ;;;,,, øVWDQEXO  V  $QFDN V|] NRQXVX HVHULQ  \ÕOÕQGD .D]YvQ¶GH \DSÕOPÕú EXOXQDQ QHúULQGHEXLVLPPXKWHPHOHQ Mu‘cemu’l-Buldân’daki kayda binaen Nek¯G—ªôÜçúHNOLQGH\D]ÕOPÕúWÕU V  %XQXQOD ELUOLNWH PXVDKKLK EXUD\D GúPú ROGX÷X GLSQRWWD EX LVPLQ NXOODQPÕú ROGX÷X PXKWHOLIQVKDODUGD1HN¯GHéªôÜç) ve Nikde (éªÜçúHNOLQGHYDU\DQWODUÕEXOXQGX÷XQXGDEHOLUWPLúWLU%

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44_{ øEQ %DW€WD 5ÕKOHWX øEQ %DW€WD 7XKIHW¶1]]kU IL-Garâibi’l-Emsâr ve Acâibi’l-Esfâr, tahkik:}

Muhammed Abdülmun‘im el-µ$U\kQF,%H\UXWVFLYDUÕQGDúHKUHX÷UDPÕúRODQ øEQ%DW€WDGL÷HUOHULQHJ|UHIDUNOÕOÕNDU]HGHQEXWHODIIX]úHNOLQLKDUHNHOLRODUDNHVHULQHND\GHWPLúWLU

45_{=DKvUGGLQ1LúDSXUvSelçuknâmeQúU0XKDPPHG5DPD]DQv7DKUDQV%XHVHULQ/LEUDU\}

RI WKH 5R\DO $VLDWLF 6RFLHW\¶GHNL \D]PD QVKDVÕQD ELQDHQ $+ 0RUWRQ WDUDIÕQGDQ  \ÕOÕQGD Anton\5RZH8.¶GD\DSÕODQ\HQL QHúULQGH EXLIDGHOHUEXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU%N]V5HúvGGGLQ Fazlullah, Câmi‘u’t-Tevârih WDKNLN $KPHG $WHú 7DKUDQ  F ,, V  - $\UÕFD EN] Aksarâyî, Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr (Türkçe metin), s. 13. Söz konusu bahislerde zann-Õ JkOLELPL]FH $NVDUk\v¶\L WDNLS HWPHNWH RODQ 1L÷GHOL .DGÕ $KPHG GH ³6XOWDQ $OSDUVODQ (UPLQXV¶X \HQGL÷L \XNDUÕGD PH]N€U WDULKWH  DYGHW EX\XUGX .HQGL R÷XOODUÕQÕ 5XP PONQH J|QGHUGL %X

esnada Niksar, Tokat, Sivas, Ablistan/Elbistan ve PH]N€U KXGXW 0HOLN 'DQLúPHQG¶LQ HOLQGH

bulunuyordu.” demektedir (Bkz. el-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 142b-D$\UÕFDEN]YED

46

 1L÷GHOL .DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 143a-E2VPDQOÕWDULKoLVL1HúUv | GH “Âl-i

Selçuk’dan Konya’ya vH$NVDUD\¶DYH1L÷GH¶\HYH(QJXUL\H¶\HYHJD\U-ÕELOkG-ÕPDµU€IH-i Rum’a evvel PkOLN RODQ 6XOWDQ 5NQGGLQ 6OH\PDQ E .XWDOPÕú LGL 0HOLNúDK E $OSDUVODQ¶ÕQ H\\kP-Õ GHYOHWLQGH kQÕQ NÕEHOLQGHQ QkLE ROXS JHOLS 5XP¶D GkKLO ROXS PVWHYOv ROGÕ +LFUHWLQ 477 (1084)

senesinde.” GL\HUHN .DGÕ $KPHG¶LQ YHUGL÷L EX PDOXPDWÕ GROD\OÕ GD ROVD WHNLG HGHU %N] 0HKPHG 1HúUvKitâb-Õ&LKkQ-nümâKD])DLN5HúLW8QDW-Mehmed Altay Köymen, c. I, Ankara 1949, s. 27).

47 _{Anna Kommena, Alexiad oHY %LOJH 8PDU øVWDQEXO 96, s. 196- $\UÕFD EN] 2VPDQ 7XUDQ}

6HOoXNOXODU =DPDQÕQGD 7UNL\H V   1L÷GHOLOHULQ WUEHVLQL ]L\DUHW HGLS KkFHW GLOHGLNOHUL ùHKLG+DVDQ%H\GHEXúDKÕVROPDOÕGÕU%N]1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 153a.

\ÕOÕFLYDUÕQGD48_{ONHVLQLRQELUR÷OXDUDVÕQGDSD\ODúWÕUPDVÕVÕUDVÕQGDWHVDGI}

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%LUXoROPDVÕPQDVHEHWL\OHFHUH\DQHGHQPFDGHOHOHUGHPXKWHPHOHQELUPLNWDU tahriERODQ1L÷GH¶QLQ,,.ÕOÕo$UVODQ¶ÕQVDOWDQDWÕVÕUDVÕQGD-588/1155-1192) imar HGLOGL÷LYHEXQXQOD LOJLOL ELU NLWkEHQLQ PHUPHU ]HULQH QHILV ELUúHNLOGHKDNNHGLOHUHN úHKULQ.DUDWDúYH+DVDQGD÷ÕLVWLNDPHWLQHDoÕODQ(UH÷OLNDSÕVÕQDDVÕOGÕ÷Õ1L÷GHOL.DGÕ AKPHG¶LQúkKLWOL÷L\OHPDOXPXPX]GkKLOLQGHGLU51_{<LQH1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHG595/1199}

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KaGÕ 0DKI€] 1LNVkUv DGÕQGDNL ELU PLPDUD WDPDPODWWÕUGÕ÷ÕQÕ YH EXQXQOD LOJLOL RODUDN PHUPHU ]HULQH ODWvI ELU úHNLOGH QDNúHWWLUGL÷L NLWDEH\L GH úHKULQ NÕEOH WDUDIÕQGDNL NDSÕVÕQDDVWÕUGÕ÷ÕQÕLIDGHHGHU54_{%XLPDUIDDOL\HWOHULQHUD÷PHQDQÕODQG|QHPH\DNÕQELU}

tarihte vefat eden Yakut el-Hamevî (ö. 626/1229), eserinde, her ne kadar daha ziyade 1L÷GH¶QLQ øVOkP |QFHVL JHoPLúLQH YH GL÷HU úHKLUOHUOH DUDVÕQGDNL PHVDIHVLQH DWÕIWD

48 _{Osman Turan muhtelif karinelere binaen bu taksimin 578-584/1182-DUDVÕQGDE\NELULKWLPDOOH}

GH¶GDYXNXEXOPXúRODELOHFH÷LQLV|\OHUNHQ%N]6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQGD7UNL\H, s. 217); 7XQFHU %D\NDUD ,OJÕQ¶ÕQ 0DKPXGKLVDU N|\QGHNL  WDULKOL ELU NLWkEHGH *Õ\DVeddin .H\KVUHY¶LQkGHWkED÷ÕPVÕ]ELUKNPGDUJLEL]LNUHGLOPHVLQHELQDHQV|]NRQXVXWDULKLQGHLKWLPDO GDKLOLQGHEXOXQGX÷XQXLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU%N]7XQFHU%D\NDUD³7UNL\H6HOoXNOXODUÕQGDøGDUv%LULP YH%XQXQODøOJLOL0HVHOHOHU´9DNÕIODU'HUJLVLVD\ÕXIX, Ankara 1985, s. 49).

49_{øEQ%vEvel-Evâmirü’l-Alâiyye fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâiyye, çev. Mürsel Öztürk, c. I, Ankara 1996, s. 41.} 50_{ 1L÷GHOL .DGÕ $KPHG el-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN Y D 1HúUv |  LVH EX úHK]DGHQLQ LVPLQL}

0X]DIIHUGGLQ$UVODQùDKRODUDN kaydeder (Bkz. Kitâb-Õ&LKkQ-nümâVøEQ¶O-Esîr (c. XII, s. 78- YH $NVDUk\v V  GH EX WDNVLPkWWDQ EDKVHGL\RUODUVD GD 1L÷GH¶QLQ NLPLQ XKGHVLQH WHYGL HGLOGL÷LQGHQV|]HWPH]OHU

51_{1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 96a.} 52

 'L÷HU WDULKv ND\ÕWODUÕ GD J|] |QQGH EXOXQGXUDQ 2VPDQ 7XUDQ ,, 5NQHGGLQ 6OH\PDQúDK¶ÕQ -600/1196- \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGD \DNODúÕN VHNL] VHQH VDOWDQDW VUG÷Q V|\OHU EN] Selçuklular =DPDQÕQGD7UNL\HV$VOÕQGDEXGXUXP.DGÕ$KPHG¶LQNDUGHúOHUDUDVÕPFDGHOHOHUOH JHoHQ,,.ÕOÕo$UVODQ¶ÕQYHIDWÕQGDQVRQUDNLDOWÕ\ÕOOÕNVUH\L-595/1193-1199) tabir-i câizze bir IHWUHW G|QHPL RODUDN NDEXO HWPHVLQGHQ ND\QDNODQPDNWDGÕU $QFDN \LQH GH ,, 6OH\PDQúDK¶ÕQ YHIkW WDULKLNRQXVXQGDELULKWLODIEXOXQGX÷XDoÕNWÕU%N]el-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 147a-b).

53_{ .DOHQLQ LON RODUDN QH ]DPDQ NXUXOGX÷X WDP ELOLQPHPHNOH ELUOLNWH HYYHOL\kWÕQÕQ ,; \]\ÕOD %L]DQV}

G|QHPLQH NDGDU JLWWL÷L VDQÕOPDNWDGÕU $\UÕFD  \ÕOÕQGD 0 $NRN WDUDIÕQGDQ NDOHGH \DSÕODQ tetkiklerde Bizans GHYULQH DLW NÕúOD YH PD÷DUDODUD UDVWODQPDVÕQÕQ GD EX WDKPLQL JoOHQGLUGL÷L LIDGH HGLOPHNWHGLU%N]0HKPHWg]NDUFÕ1L÷GH¶GH7UN0LPDUvVL, Ankara 2001, s. 13.

EXOXQX\RUVD GD ELU J|UJ úDKLGLQH GD\DQDUDN EXUDVÕQÕQ ³HVNL YH NoN ELU úHKLU´ ROGX÷XQXGile getirir.55

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55 _{Yakut el-Hamevî, Mu‘cemu’l-Buldan, c. V, s. 303. ³(VNLYHNoNELUúHKLURODQ1HN¯G—LOH.D\V—UL\H}

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56_{ øEQ %vEv el-Evâmirü’l-Alâiyye fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâiyye, c. I, s. 134- $\UÕFD EN] 2VPDQ 7XUDQ}

6HOoXNOXODU=DPDQÕQda Türkiye, s. 294-6.

57

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58_{1L÷GHOL.DGÕ$KPHGel-9HOHG¶ú-ùHIvN, v. 147a. ZeynHGGLQ%HúkUH¶QLQLVPLQLQYH\ÕOÕQÕQ}

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Alâü’d-dünya ve’d-GLQ *Õ\kV¶O-øVOkP YH¶O-Müslimîn Keykûbâd b. Keyhüsrev (Allah ona olan \DUGÕPÕQÕ DUWWÕUVÕQ¶LQ KNPGDUOÕ÷Õ ]DPDQÕQGD $OODK¶ÕQ PHUKDPHWLQH PXKWDo ]D\ÕI NXO %HúkUH E $EGXOODKHPUHWWL0VWHQvUGGLQGHVHQHVLQGHRQXLQúDHWWL´$\UÕFD&kPLµLQPXhtelif yerlerinde EXOXQDQGL÷HUNLWDEHOHUGHQGH0DKP€GR÷OXhVWDG6ÕGGÕNLOHNDUGHúL*D]L¶QLQFkPLLQLQúDVÕQGDXVWD RODUDNoDOÕúWÕNODUÕDQODúÕOPDNWDGÕU&kPLµLYHNLWDEHOHUL\OHLOJLOLGDKDWDIVLODWOÕELOJLLoLQEN]0HKPHW g]NDUFÕ1L÷GH¶GH7UN0LPDULVL, s. 33-50.