Ülkü ‹ZM‹RL‹G‹L
projesi ele al›narak söz konusu arka duvar›n daha sa¤-lam ve güvenli hale getirilmesi planlanm›flt›r. Ancak, tehlike görülmeyen A-B giriflleri aras›ndaki dükkan›n kaz›s› yap›labilmifltir. Burada sahne binas› duvarlar›n-dan düflen büyük konglomera bloklar›n yan›s›ra çevre-deki an›tlardan (Dionysos Tap›na¤› ve peristilli Evler vb.) devflirme mimari parçalara rastlanm›flt›r.
1.2. Agora’n›n kuzey bat›s›nda yer alan portik dükkan-lar›n›n kaz›s› ve koruma-onar›m, düzenleme çal›flmala-r›, portik üzerinde yer alan Müze’nin eski ofis binas›n›n Antalya Kültür ve Tabiat Varl›klar›n› Koruma Bölge Kuru-lu karar›yla y›k›m›ndan sonra gerçeklefltirilmifltir. Kuzey bat› portikte yer alan 6 dükkan›n içinde yap›lan kaz› ve temizlik çal›flmalar›nda üst tabakadaki 1-1.5 m. moloz topra¤›n boflalt›lmas›ndan sonra zemine yaklaflt›kça çeflitli keramik, tafl, madeni buluntular ve cam kap par-çalar› bulunmufltur.
1.3. Tiyatro girifli karfl›s›ndaki sütunlu caddede kaz› çal›fl-malar› üç y›ldan beri, tiyatro çevresinin düzenlenmesi amac›yla Antik Side An›tlar›n›n Bak›m Onar›m ve Res-torasyonu Komitesi’nin deste¤iyle sürdürülmekte olan bu çal›flmaya 9, 10, 11 numaral› dükkanlar›n temizlen-mesiyle devam edilmifltir. Öncelikle 9 numaral› dükkan-da bafllanan kaz›dükkan-da moloz dolgu toprak temizlendikten sonra mekan›n kuzey do¤u köflesinde 0.68 m. çap›nda 0.62 m. yüksekli¤inde iki kullan›m evresine sahip silin-dirik formda bir mermer blok bulunmufltur (Res. 1).
Bulundu¤u mekan›n ön duvar›na dönük k›sm›nda birin-ci kullan›m evresine ait 4 sat›rl›k Grekçe yaz›t vard›r.
‹kinci evrede ise blo¤un iç k›sm› oyularak yivli bir haz-ne oluflturulmufl olup orta k›sm›nda bir ö¤ütme kolunun ba¤lant›s› görülmüfltür. 10 numaral› dükkanda yap›lan kaz› çal›flmalar›nda eflik seviyesinde bir kuyu a¤z› tespit edilmifltir. Yaklafl›k 0.70 m. a¤›z çap›na sahip 7.50 m.
Building. Consequently, a project for the restoration and reinforcement of the superstructures of the entrance-ways and the shops on the side facing the Agora was launched in order to strengthen and reinforce this back wall. However, the shop between gates A and B could be excavated, as no danger from structural problems was foreseen here. Alongside the large conglomerate blocks that had fallen from the Stage Building, architec-tural pieces that had been removed from nearby monu-ments (such as the Temple of Dionysos and the Peristyle Houses) were also found.
1.2 The excavation and conservation-restoration work in the portico shops to the northwest of the Agora were carried out after the old office buildings of the Side Museum had been pulled down, with the decision to demolish made by the Regional Board of Protection of the Cultural Heritage and Natural Property in Antalya.
During the course of excavation and cleaning work in the 6 shops of the northwest portico, the upper 1-1.50 m thick layer of rubble filling was removed and, floor level was approached, various ceramic, stone, metal and glass vessel fragments were recovered.
1.3 The excavation work in the Colonnaded Street opposite the entrance to the theatre has been financed by the Committee of Maintenance, Repair and Restora-tion of Ancient Monuments of Side for the last three years. This work continued, with the cleaning of shops 9, 10 and 11. Firstly, excavation began in shop 9; the rubble infilling was removed and a cylindrical marble block (Diameter 0.68 m and h. 0.62 m) with two phases of use was found in the northeast corner (Fig. 1).
On the side facing the front wall of the shop, there is a 4-line inscription in Greek dating from the first phase of use. In the second phase, the inside of the block was carved out and a grooved basin was made and there is a connection point for a grinding mill in the centre. The excavation work in shop 10 brought to light the mouth of a well at the threshold level. The well mouth has a diameter of 0.70 m and a depth of 7.50 m. The top 2.0 meters was built mainly from reused rubble and below, a conglomerate structure was noted. In addition, a canal, 1 to 1.50 meters in height and starting from the bottom of the well and stretching towards the north was discovered.
2. Conservation-Restoration Work
2.1 The shop walls and the portico stylobate, to the northwest of the Agora entrance, were restored. The walls of rooms 1-6 behind the portico, whose excava-tion was completed, were reinforced and the joints were Res. 1 / Fig. 1
KAZI RAPORLARI EXCAVATION REPORTS
mevcut derinli¤i olan bu kuyunun, a¤›z k›sm›ndan bafl-layarak ilk 2 m.’lik k›sm›nda yo¤un devflirme moloz malzeme kullan›ld›¤›, 2 m.’den afla¤›ya do¤ru konglo-mera dokunun tespit edildi¤i, kuyunun dibinde kuzey do¤u yöne do¤ru devam eden 1-1.5 m. yüksekli¤inde bir kanal›n varl›¤› belgelenmifltir.
2. Koruma Onar›m Çal›flmalar›
2.1. Agora giriflinin kuzey bat›s›nda yer alan dükkan duvarlar› ve portik stilobat›n›n onar›m› ele al›nm›flt›r. Por-tik arkas›nda kaz›s› tamamlanan 1-6 numaral› mekanla-r›n duvarlamekanla-r›n›n derzleme ve sa¤lamlaflt›rma çal›flmalar›
yap›lm›flt›r. Agorada kuzey bat› portik stilobat›n›n ona-r›m ve düzenleme çal›flmas›na devam edilmifltir. Kaide-lerin oturtuldu¤u stilobat tafllar› yerKaide-lerinden kald›r›larak yanlar›nda ve altlar›nda birikmifl olan toprak temizle-nerek onar›lm›fl ve üzerlerine mermer sütun kaideleri özgün konumlar›na getirilerek düzenlenmifltir. Ayr›ca daha önceki senelerde al›nan kal›pla üretilmifl olan, 3 adet imitasyon sütun kaidesi de stilobat üzerindeki yerlerine yerlefltirilmifltir.
2.2. Duvar Resmi Konservasyon Çal›flmalar›
Tiyatroda 2000 y›l›nda Do¤u Parodos (P 2) içinde bulu-nan fiapel’deki, üç tabaka halinde olan duvar resmi aç›lm›fl, tekrar incelenerek, yüzey temizli¤i yap›lm›flt›r.
‹lk tabakada ortada yer alan figürün bafl› etraf›ndaki halenin yan›nda belirsiz olan harflerin üzerindeki kireç tabakas› kald›r›larak “X A” okunmufltur. Yüzey tekrar jeotekstil ve straporla örtülerek koruma alt›na al›nm›flt›r.
Tiyatronun Bat› Parodos (P1) içerisindeki nifllerden do¤u yönünde 2 numaral› niflin içerisindeki duvar resmini örten strapor aç›larak Restoratör G. Dikilitafl taraf›ndan koruma onar›m çal›flmalar› yap›lm›flt›r. Burada bir figüre ait ayaklar tespit edilmifl ve konservasyon çal›flmalar›
yap›larak yüzeyi straporla örtülmüfltür. Bat› Parodos’un yan›nda, oturma s›ralar› bozularak yap›lan fiapel’deki duvar resmi ise daha önce kapat›lm›fl oldu¤u halde, straporun ziyaretçiler taraf›ndan yerinden oynat›lmas›
sonucu uzun süre aç›kta kalm›fl bulunmaktayd›. Daha fazla tahrip olmamas› için üzeri tekrar jeotekstil ve stra-por ile kapat›lm›flt›r (Res. 2).
2.3. Mozaik Onar›m›
Tiyatro karfl›s›nda yer alan Sütunlu Cadde’de 5, 6, 7.
numaral› mekanlar›n önünde bulunan yaklafl›k 8 m2 mozaik kapl› alan üzerinden yayalar›n yürümesi sonucu yer yer aç›ld›¤› ve giderek y›pranmaya bafllad›¤› gözlem-lenmifltir. Bu nedenle mozaik üzerindeki koruyucu tüf tabakas› ve jeotekstil kald›r›larak Restoratör G. Dikilitafl
pointed. The restoration and rearrangement of the northwest portico stylobate of the Agora continued. The stylobate blocks on which the bases stood were re-moved, in order to clean away the accumulated earth, and they were then replaced with the marble column bases in their original positions on top of them.
2.2 Wall Painting Conservation Work
The chapel discovered in the East Parodos (P2) of the Theatre in 2000 has three layers of wall paintings, which were re-exposed and studied and the surface was cleaned. On the first layer, the figure in the middle has a halo around the head and when the calcium car-bonate layer on the indiscernible letters was removed,
“X A” could be read. The surface was coated with geo-textile and styropore to preserve it.
The styropore that covered the wall painting in niche number 2 from the east, inside the West Parodos (P1) of the Theatre was removed and restorer G. Dikilitafl car-ried out the preservation and restoration work. The feet of a figure were identified and following conservation work it was recovered with styropore. The styropore protecting the wall painting in the Chapel, built from alternating rows of seats, next to the West Parodos
Res. 2 / Fig. 2
ve B. Aydo¤du taraf›ndan konservasyon çal›flmalar› kap-sam›nda, genel temizlik, kalker temizli¤i, lacuna doldur-ma ve derzleme ifllemleri yap›lm›flt›r (Res. 3).
3. Belgeleme ve Mimari Malzeme Üzerinde
‹ncelemeler
3.1. Tiyatro Sahne Binas›’na ait kaset çal›flmalar› Dr.
H. Alanyal›, 2002 y›l›nda kasetler üzerinde yapt›¤› çal›fl-malar› tekrar ele alarak de¤erlendirmifltir. Kasetlerin boyutlar›, yer ald›klar› aedikulaya göre de¤iflmektedir.
Ayr›ca kaz› s›ras›nda buluntu yerlerine göre belgelenen kaset parçalar›n›n sahne binas›ndaki özgün yerleri belir-lenebilmektedir.
Bu çal›flmalar sonucu:
1. katta tanr›lar (Apollon, Kybele, Dionysos, Demeter, Artemis, Athena)
2. katta geometrik flekiller içinde çeflitli motifler (rozet, y›ld›z vb.) yer almaktad›r.
3. katta Mousa betimlemeleri yer almaktad›r.
3.2. Dionysos Tap›na¤›na Ait Mimari Parçalar Üzerinde Çal›flmalar
Dr. M. Büyükkolanc› taraf›ndan 2001 y›l›nda bat› paro-dos (P 1) ve daha sonraki y›llarda Agora’n›n güney bat›
dükkanlar›n›n kaz›s›ndan ç›kan kireçtafl›ndan yar›m sütun, saçakl›k, korinth sütun bafll›klar›, friz ve arflitrav parça-lar›n›n Tiyatro’nun güney bat›s›nda yer alan Dionysos Tap›na¤›’na ait oldu¤u saptanm›flt›r. Bu parçalar, ‹.S. 4.
yy.’da sahne binas› Geç Antik surlar› haline
getirildi-¤inde, devflirme malzeme olarak kullan›lm›flt›r. Bu y›l, 8 parça blok Dionysos Tap›na¤› yak›n›na tafl›nm›fl, 3 adet sütun kaidesi ise stilobat üzerine özgün konum-lar›nda yerlefltirilmifltir. Ayr›ca, Tiyatro’nun Sahne binas›
was damaged by visitors and had been exposed for a long time. In order to prevent further damage, it was again covered by geotextile and styropore (Fig. 2).
2.3 Conservation of the Mosaics
An area of approximately 8 square meters of mosaics in front of the rooms 5, 6, and 7 in the Colonnaded Street opposite the Theatre, had begun to deteriorate due to the visitors walking over it. Consequently, the protecting layers of tuff and geotextile were removed and restorers G. Dikilitafl and B. Aydo¤du conducted general clean-ing, removal of the calcareous layer, the filling of lacuna and the pointing of joints, within the context of this conservation work (Fig. 2).
3. Documentation and Study of the Architectural Elements
3.1. The coffers of the Stage Building of the Theatre were reinvestigated by Dr. H. Alanyal› based on his work in 2002. The dimensions of these coffers vary, based on the aediculae that they belong to. Further, the findspots established during the course of excavations also aid in the identification of the original locations of these coffers on the Stage Building.
Consequently:
The 1stfloor has depictions of deities (Apollon, Kybele, Dionysos, Demeter, Artemis, Athena)
The 2ndfloor has various motifs (rosettes, stars etc) with-in geometric forms.
The 3rdfloor has depictions of the Muses.
3.2 Work on the Architectural Elements of the Temple of Dionysos
Dr. M. Büyükkolanc› showed that the limestone half-columns, entablature, column capitals of the Corinthian order, the frieze and architrave fragments that were uncovered during excavations in the West Parodos (P1) in 2001 and in the southwest shops of the Agora in the following years, actually belonged to the Temple of Dionysos that is located to the southwest of the Theatre.
These pieces were re-used in the conversion of the Stage Building into a fortification in the 4th century.
This year, 8 blocks were transported to the area of the temple and 3 column bases were replaced in their original positions on the stylobate. Further, some bro-ken blocks were also identified as belonging to the Temple of Dionysos during the course of excavations in the area between gates A and B of the Stage Building (Fig. 4).
Res. 3 / Fig. 3
KAZI RAPORLARI EXCAVATION REPORTS
A-B giriflleri aras›nda kaz›s› yap›lan mekan içinde de Dionysos Tap›na¤›’na ait baz› k›r›k blok parçalar› tespit edilmifltir (Res. 4).
3.3. Tiyatro AutoCAD Program›
Prof. Dr. R. Günay taraf›ndan 4-28 Eylül 2004 tarihleri aras›nda yap›lan çal›flmalarda, flimdiye kadar haz›rlanan rölöveler AutoCAD program›na aktar›lmaya devam edil-mifltir. Yer yer alanda kontrol ölçüleri al›nm›flt›r. Ayr›ca diazoma’da ve üst cavea’ya ç›kan merdivenler üzerinde çal›fl›larak kontrol ölçüleri al›nm›flt›r.
Side Tiyatrosu’nda 1999-2002 y›llar› aras›nda yaklafl›k 4 y›l Efes Kaz› Baflkanl›¤›’ndan geçici bir süre için veri-len kule vinç ile Sahne Binas› cephesi, do¤u ve bat›
parodoslar›n›n kaz›s› tamamlanm›flt›r. Bundan sonraki aflamada, henüz kaz›s› tamamlanmam›fl olan Sahne Binas›’n›n iç k›sm› ile Agora’ya bakan cephesinin kaz›s› ele al›nacakt›r (Res. 5).
3.3 AutoCAD Project for the Theatre
From the 4thto the 28thof September 2004, Prof. Dr. R.
Günay continued to transfer the elevation drawings into the AutoCAD programme and control measurements at several points were made, in addition to those made on the diazoma and the steps leading to the upper part of the cavea.
At the Theatre of Side, the excavations of the façade of the Stage Building and the east and west parodoi were completed, with the help of the tower crane provided for a period of 4 years by the Expedition Team of Ephe-sus, between 1999 and 2002. In the next stage, the excavations inside the Stage Building and its façade facing the Agora will be the focus of our work and will be completed (Fig. 5).
Res. 4 / Fig. 4
Res. 5 / Fig. 5
Soli/Pompeiopolis Antik Liman Kenti 2004 kaz›lar›
Doç. Dr. R. Ya¤c› baflkanl›¤›nda Bakanl›k Temsilcisi Ö. F. Türkan, 7 arkeolog, 1 mimar, 1 harita mühendisi, 1 restoratör ve 3 arkeoloji ö¤rencisiyle gerçeklefltirilmifl-tir. Kaz›lar iki alanda A. Sütunlu Cadde, B. Soli Höyük’te sürdürülmüfltür.
A. Sütunlu Cadde
Geçen y›l kaz› çal›flmalar› yap›lan ve Asklepios ile Nemesis heykellerinin ç›kar›ld›¤› C-42 açmas›nda ve bu y›l kaz› çal›flmalar› bafllat›lan C-41, C-40 ve B-41 açma-lar›nda çal›flmalara devam edilmifltir (Res.1). Bu çal›fl-malar ile Sütunlu Cadde’nin mimarisinin anlafl›lmas›
amaçlanm›flt›r.
A.I. C-42 Açmas›
C-42 açmas›nda geçen y›l ç›kar›lan ve tahrip olmufl durumda olan Asklepios ile Nemesis heykellerinin eksik
The 2004 campaign of excavations at Soli/Pompeio-polis was carried out with a team of 7 archaeologists, 1 architect, 1 cartographer, 1 restorer and 3 students of archaeology under the direction of Prof. Dr. R. Ya¤c›.
The state representative was Ö. F. Türkan. Excavations were carried out at two sites: A. the Colonnaded Street and B. the Soli Mound (Höyük).
A. The Colonnaded Street
Work initiated at trench C-42, where the statues of Asklepios and Nemesis were uncovered in 2003 conti-nued, as well as at the new trenches of C-41, C-40 and B-41 (Fig. 1). This work was aimed at clarifying the architecture of the Colonnaded Street.
A.I. Trench C-42
Work at Trench C-42 resumed at 5.22 m level, in order to find the missing parts of the statues of Asklepios and