I. BÖLÜM
2.1. Berger’in Hayat ve Eserleri
Peter Ludwig Berger, 17 Mart 1929’da Avusturya’da, Viyana’da do du. II. Dünya Sava ’ndan sonra, henüz daha gençlik y llar nda, paras z-pulsuz, ailesiyle birlikte Amerika Birle ik Devletleri’ne göç etti. Wagner College’dan 1949’da lisans derecesini; New School for Social Research’ten 1950’de yüksek lisans, 1952’de de doktora derecelerini ald . 1955 ve 1956’da Almanya Bad Boll’daki Evangelische Akademie’da çal an Berger, 1956’dan 1958’e kadar University of North Carolina’da asistan olarak, 1958’den 1963’e kadar da Hartford Theological Seminary’de doçent olarak görev ald . Daha sonra, New School for Social Research, Rutgers University ve Boston College’da profesörlük yapan Berger, 1981’den bu yana Boston University’de Sosyoloji ve Teoloji profesörü olup, ekonomik geli me ile dünyan n farkl yerlerindeki sosyo-kültürel de imler aras nda ili kiler konusunda sistematik tarzda incelemeler yapan Boston University bünyesindeki The Institute for the Study of Economic Culture isimli kurulu un 1985’den bu yana direktörlü ünü yapmaktad r. Berger’in, sosyolojik teori, din sosyolojisi ve Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerinin geli imi ile ilgili yazm oldu u onlarca eser, neredeyse bir düzine say da dile çevrilmi tir. 1992’de, kültüre önemli katk lar sa lad için Avusturya hükümeti taraf ndan Manes Sperber ödülüne lay k görülen Berger, Boston University’den emekliye ayr lm r.230 Lutherci olarak bilinen Berger, evli ve iki çocuk babas r.
Berger’in eserlerinin ve makalelerinin say tam olarak bilmenin hakikaten imkân yoktur. Eskilerin deyimiyle oldukça “velûd” bir yazar olan Berger’in çal malar n tam bir listesini ne eserlerinde ne de internet ortam nda onunla ilgili haz rlanm sayfalarda bulmak mümkün. Bununla birlikte, Co kun’un, Kutsal emsiye’nin Giri ’inde belirtti i gibi,
230
Berger’in elliye yak n kitab ve yüz elliye yak n da makalesinin oldu u tahmin edilmektedir.231
Eserlerini, kronolojik olarak u ekilde s ralayabiliriz:
1961a The Noise of Solemn Assemlies: Christian Commitment and the Religious
Establishment in America, Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1961b The Precarious Vision, Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1963 Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective, Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1964 The Human Shape of Work: Essays in the Sociology of Occupation, (editör ve katk ), NY, Macmillan,
1965 The Enclaves (Felix Bastian takma ad yla yay nlad bir roman), Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1966 The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge, (Thomas Luckmann’la), Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1967 The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion, Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1969a Marksizm and Sociology: Views from Eastern Europe (ed.), NY: Appleton Century,
1969b A Rumour of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural, NY: Dobleday, (Yeni Bask 1990),
1970 Mouvement and Revolution (Richard Neuhaus’la), NY: Dobleday,
1972 Sociology: A Biographical Approach (Brigitte Berger’le), NY: Basic Books, 1973 The Homeless Mind: Modernisation and Consciousness, (Brigitte Berger ve Hansfried Kellner’le), NY: Random Hause,
1974 Pyramids of Sacrifice: Political Ethics and Social Change, NY: Dobleday, 1975 Protocol of a Damnation (roman), NY: Seabury,
1976 Against the World for the World: The Hartford Appeal and the Future of
American Religion (Richard Neuhaus’la ortak editör ve katk ), NY: Seabury,
1977a Facing up to Modernitiy: Excursions in Society, Politics and Religion, NY: Basic Books,
231
Berger’in 1986’ya kadar yay nlad kitaplar yla 1954’den 1984’e kadar yay nlad yüzü a n makalelerinin tam bir listesi için bak, Hunter, James Davison ve Ainlay, Stephen C., Making Sense of
Modern Times: Peter L. Berger and the Vision of Interpretive Sociology, Routledge and Kegan Paul,
1977b To Empower People: The Role of Madiating Structures in Puplic Policy (Richard Neuhaus’la), Washington, American Enterprise Institute,
1979a The Heretical Imperative: Contemporary Possibilities of Religious Affirmation, Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1979b Future Directions for Puplic Policy, Forum,
1981a The Other Side of God (editör), Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1981b Sociology Reinterpreted: An Essay on Method and Vocation (Hansfried Kellner’le), Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1983 The War Over the Family: Capturing the Middle Ground (Brigitte Berger’le), Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
1986 The Capitalist Revolution: Fifty Propositions About Prosperity, Equality and
Liberty, NY: Basic Books,
1987a Capitalism and Equality in America (Nordal Akerman’la editor), 1987b Capitalism and Equality in the Third World (editör),
1988 In Search of an East Asian Development Model (editör) vd.,
1990 The Capitalist Spirit: Toward a Religious Ethic of Wealth Creation (editör), 1992 A Far Glory: The Quest for Faith in an Age of Credulity, NY: The Free Press, 1993 Institutions of Democracy and Development (editör),
1995a New Migrants in the Marketplace: Boston’s Ethnic Entrepreneurs, (editör Marilyn Halter),
1995b Modernity, Pluralism and the Crisis of Meaning (Thomas Luckmann’la), 1996 To Empower People: From State to Civil Society (vd.),
1997a Four Faces of Global Culture
1997b Redeeming Laughter: The Comic Dimension of Human Experience,
1998 The Limits of Social Cohesion: Conflict and Mediation in Pluralist Societies: A
Report of the Bertelsmann Foundation to the Club of Rome,
1999 The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics (editör),
1999 Business and Democracy: Cohabitation or Contradiction? (Annette Ahern’le editor),
2002 Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World (Samuel P. Huntington’la), Oxford University Press,
2003 Questions of Faith: A Skeptical Affirmation of Christianity, Blackwell Publishing,
2009, In Praise of Doubt: How to Have Convictions Without Becoming a Fanatic (Anton Zijderveld’le), HarperOne,
2011, Adventures of an Accidental Sociologist -How to Explain the World Without
Becoming a Bore-, Prometheus
Ayr ca yay n y llar tespit edemedi imiz u çal malar da bulunmaktad r: -American Apostasy: The Triumph of ‘Other’ Gospels, (vd.),
-Aspiring to Freedom: Commentaries on John Paul II’s Encyclical the Social
Concerns of the Church,
-Religion in a Revolutionary Society,
-Speaking to the 3rd World: Essays on Democracy and Development,
-The Structure of Freedom: Correlations, Causes and Cautions, (vd.),
-Christian Social Ethics in a Global Era (editör Max L. Stackhouse vd.),
-A Future South Africa: Visions, Strategies, and Realities, (Bobby Godsell’le editor), -Modernization and Religion.232
Berger’in yukar daki eserlere ilaveten iki tane de roman eseri vard r ki bu, asl nda Berger’in s radan bir ki i olmad da ortaya koyar. Sosyoloji, din sosyolojisi, teoloji gibi pek çok alanda onlarca eser yazan Berger’in romanlar ise unlard r:
1965 The Enclaves
1975 Protocol of a Damnation
Berger’in eserleri görüldü ü üzere oldukça fazla ve bu kadar eseri sanki tamamlarcas na, Haziran 2011’de Adventures of an Accidental Sociologist -How to Explain
the World Without Becoming a Bore- ad nda bir kitap daha yay mlar. Amerika’n n önde
gelen gazetelerinde, hakk nda makalelerin yay nland 233 bu son eserinde hayat n önemli safhalar da anlatan Berger, ayn zamanda entelektüel dünyaya kazand rm oldu u dü üncelerini, özet mahiyetinde okuyucular na tekrar sunmu tur.