BIO 440
MICROBIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
C- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND C- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Industrial Microbiology: large-scale use of microorganisms to produce products of commercial importance.
• Microbial Biotechnology: Uses gene manipulation methods for the production of new microbial products, many of which are not naturally produced by microorganisms.
Features of a Useful Industrial Microorganism
An organism suitable for the industrial process must have other properties besides being able to produce not only the substance of interest.
1. The organism must be capable of reproducing and producing in large-scale culture.
2. It should preferably produce spore and some other forms of reproductive cells so that large fermenters can be easily inoculated.
Features of a Useful Industrial Microorganism
3. It should reproduce quickly and produce the desired product in a short time.
4. An industrially useful organism should also be capable of growing in an inexpensive liquid culture medium that is available in large quantities.
• Many industrial microbiological processes use waste carbon from other industries as the main or complementary component in large-scale culture environments. These include corn meage fluid (a product of the corn wet milling industry rich in nitrogen and reproductive factors) and whey (lactose and minerals wastewater of the dairy industry).
Features of a Useful Industrial Microorganism
5. An industrial organism should not be pathogenic, especially to humans and to animals and plants of economic importance.
6. Since the high cell densities in the industrial fermentor and the contamination of the environment outside the fermentor are virtually impossible, a pathogen will potentially pose very important problems.
Features of a Useful Industrial Microorganism
7. Industrial microorganism should be suitable for genetic manipulation. In industrial microbiology, increased yields are often obtained genetically by mutation and selection.
8. A genetically stable microorganism that can be easily manipulated is therefore a clear advantage.
Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Primary metabolite:
They are products that are produced during active cell proliferation and are necessary for reproduction.
Example: Ethanol formation in fermentation
Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Secondary metabolite: It is the product produced towards the end of reproduction, which is the stationary phase of reproduction.
It is not necessary for reproduction and reproduction.
They are complex organic molecules that need specific enzymatic reaction in many lines for their synthesis.
For example: Tetracycline 72 and erythromycin antibiotic are synthesized with 25 different enzymatic steps.
