• Sonuç bulunamadı

Sınıf yönetiminde öğretmenlerin öğretim liderliği davranışlarını gerçekleştirme düzeyine ilişkin karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma ( Türkiye- Kosova örneği)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Sınıf yönetiminde öğretmenlerin öğretim liderliği davranışlarını gerçekleştirme düzeyine ilişkin karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma ( Türkiye- Kosova örneği)"

Copied!
154
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)

T.C.

6$.$5<$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø (öø7ø0%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h

6,1,)<g1(7ø0ø1'(gö5(70(1/(5ø1gö5(7ø0

/ø'(5/øöø '$95$1,ù/$5,1,*(5d(./(ù7ø50('h=(<ø1(

ø/øù.ø1.$5ù,/$ù7,50$/,%ø5$5$ù7,50$

(7h5.ø<(± .2629$g51(öø)

<h.6(./ø6$167(=ø Ferdi K29$d

(QVWLW$QDELOLP'DOÕ : (÷LWLP%LOLPOHUL

(QVWLW%LOLP'DOÕ : (÷LWLP<|QHWLPLYH'HQHWLPL

7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ Yrd. 'Ro'U 2VPDQ7ø75(.

MART ± 2011

(2)
(3)

BEYAN

%XWH]LQ\D]ÕOPDVÕQGDELOLPVHODKODNNXUDOODUÕQDX\XOGX÷unu, baúNDODUÕQÕQHVHUOHULQGHQ

\DUDUODQÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD ELOLPVHO QRUPODUD X\JXQ RODUDN DWÕIWD EXOXQXOGX÷unu, NXOODQÕODQYHULOHUGHKHUKDQJLELUWDKULIDW\DSÕOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕWH]LQKHUKDQJLELUNÕVPÕQÕQ bu

QLYHUVLWH YH\D EDúND ELU QLYHUVLWHGHNL EDúkD ELU WH] oDOÕúPDVÕ RODUDN VXQXOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ

beyan ederim.

)HUGL.29$d

08.03.2011

(4)

g16g=

g÷UHWPHQOHULQ VÕQÕI \|QHWLPLQGHNL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQGDQ ELUL RODUDN OLGHUOLN GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ

JHUoHNOHúWLUPH G]H\OHULQGH JQP] H÷LWLP NDOLWHVLQH YH |÷UHWPHQOHULQ JHOHFH÷LQH

E\N |OoGH HWNL HWPHNWHGLU %X oDOÕúPD LOH JQP] H÷LWLP NDOLWHVLQL \NVHOWPH\L

DPDoOD\DQ |÷UHWPHQOHULPL]LQ ³VÕQÕI \|QHWLPLQGH |÷UHWPHQOHULQ |÷UHWLP liderli÷L GDYUDQÕúODUÕ´NRQXVXKDNNÕQGD.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHNRQXúDQYH7UNoHH÷LWLP-|÷UHWLPGH

J|UHY\DSDQ|÷UHWPHQOHULOH$GDSD]DUÕ¶QGD|÷UHWPHQOHULQJ|UúOHULNDUúÕODúWÕUÕODFDNWÕU

.RVRYD¶GDNL7UNoHH÷LWLPHYHNÕ\PHWOL|÷UHWPHQOHULPL]HID\GDOÕROPDVÕQÕQ\DQÕQGD

NRQX\OD LOJLOL LOHULNL ELU ]DPDQGD oDOÕúDFDN RODQ .RVRYDOÕ H÷LWLPFLOHUH \DUGÕPFÕ

RODELOHFH÷LQL GúQG÷P oDOÕúPDPda, DUDúWÕUPDQÕQ KD]ÕUODQPDVÕQGD \DUGÕPODUÕQÕ

HVLUJHPH\HQGDQÕúmanÕP <UG'Ro'U2VPDQ7ø75(.¶HWHúHNNUOHULPLVXQPD\ÕELU

ERUo ELOLULP /LVDQV H÷WLPLPGH KHU ]DPDQ KD\DOLQL NXUGX÷XP YH ROPDVÕ LoLQ oDED

VDUIHWWL÷LP \NVHN OLVDQV H÷LWLPL ER\XQFD o G|QHP J|UPú ROGX÷XP GHUVOHUGH YH

dersler GÕúÕQGD6DNDU\D¶GD WDQÕGÕ÷ÕPGH÷HUOLE\NOHULPDUNDGDúODUÕPVD\HVLQGH|QHPOL

WHFUEHOHU HGLQGL÷LPL GúQ\RUXP (÷LWLP ELOLPOHULQGH \NVHN OLVDQV H÷LWLPL DOPDN

ELUoRN DODQOD LOJLOL |QHPOL ELOJLOHU HGLQPHP EHQLP LoLQ ELU IÕUVDWÕ, Sakarya hQLYHUVLWHVL¶QHJHOLúLPHYHEXUDGDH÷LWLPLPLDOPDPDHPH÷LYHGHVWH÷LRODQ<UG'Ro

'U&HYGHWù$1/,¶\DYH 6$h¶GHEXOXQGX÷XPVUHGHGHVWH÷LQLKHU]DPDQJ|UG÷P

3URI 'U 5HFDL &2ù.81¶D 7UNL\H¶GH H÷LWLP KD\DWÕPÕ VUGUPHPGH PDGGL YH

PDQHYL GHVWH÷L VXQDQ 7UN 'Q\DVÕ $UDúWÕUPDODUÕ 9DNIÕ¶QD D\UÕFD EX JQOHUH

ulaúmamda emeklerini YHGHVWH÷LQLHVLUJHPH\HQDLOHPHVRQVX] teúHNNUOHULPLVXQDUÕP

)HUGL.29$d

08.03.2011

(5)

i

ødø1'(.ø/(5

KISALTMALAR«««««««««««««««««««««««««««iii

7$%/2/ø67(6ø«««««««««««««««««««««««««««iv g=(7««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« . vii 6800$5<«««««««««««««««««««««««««««« . viii

*ø5øù«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 1

%g/h0.2629$7h5.d((öø7ø07$5ø+ø*(/øùø0ø9( gö5(70(1

.$'5268«......9

1.1 .RVRYDdR÷UDIL'XUXPX7DULKL.RVRYD¶GD7UNOHU ... 9

1.2 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLP7DULKL*HOLúLPLYHg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX ... 11

1.2.1 ¶GH(VNL<XJRVODY\D¶GD%DúOD\DQ7UNoH(÷LWLP... 14

1.3 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLPGHg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX ... 15

1.3.1 .RVRYD¶GD2VPDQOÕ'|QHPLQGHg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX ... 15

1.3.2 .RVRYD¶GD;;<]\ÕOGDg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX... 17

1.3.3 .RVRYD¶GD;;,<]\ÕOGDg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX ... 19

1.4 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLP± g÷UHWLP ... 19

%g/h0/ø'(5/ø.gö5(7ø06(//ø'(5/ø.««««««««« ... 22

2.1 /LGHUOLN.DYUDPÕ ... 22

2.2 <|QHWLFL± /LGHUøOLúNLVL ... 26

2.3 2NXO<|QHWLPLYH6ÕQÕI<|QHWPHQLg÷UHWPHQLQ/LGHUOLN7UOHUL ... 27

2.3.1 g÷UHWPHQLQ.OWUHO/LGHUOL÷L ... 30

2.3.2 g÷UHWPHQLQ(WLN/LGHUOL÷L ... 31

2.3.3 g÷UHWPHQLQ9L]\RQHU/LGHUOL÷L ... 32

2.3.4 g÷UHWPHQLQ'|QúPVHO/LGHUOL÷L ... 33

2.3.5 g÷UHWPHQLQ6SHU/LGHUOL÷L ... 33

2.3.6 g÷UHWPHQLQ(QWHOHNWHO/LGHUOL÷L... 35

2.4 (÷LWLPVHO± g÷UHWLPVHO/LGHUOLN ... 36

2.5 6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPL ... 42

2.6 6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPLQGHg÷UHWPHQLQ5ROOHUL ... 44

2.6.1 <|QHWLFL2ODUDNg÷UHWPHQ ... 45

2.6.2 $UDEXOXFX2ODUDNg÷UHWPHQ ... 45

(6)

ii

2.6.3 /LGHU2ODUDNg÷UHWPHQ ... 45

2.6.4 g÷UHWPHQ/LGHUOL÷L%HFHUL$ODQODUÕ ... 46

2.6.4.1 *UXS/LGHUOL÷L%HFHULOHUL ... 46

2.6.4.2 .LúLVHO%HFHULOHU ... 47

2.6.4.3 3UREOHPd|]PH%HFHULOHUL ... 47

2.7 6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPLYHg÷UHWLP/LGHUOL÷LøOLúNLVL ... 48

2.7.1 g÷UHWLP/LGHUL2ODUDN6ÕQÕI<|QHWLFLVLg÷UHWPHQLQ'DYUDQÕúODUÕ ... 52

2.7.2 g÷UHWPHQ/LGHUOL÷LQLQ(WNLOHUL ... 53

2.7.3 2NXOGDg÷UHWPHQ/LGHUOHU ... 53

%g/h0<g17(0«««««««««««««««««««««« ... 60

3.1 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ0RGHOL ... 60

3.2 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ(YUHQL ... 60

3.3 $UDúWÕUPDGD.XOODQÕODQ9HUL7RSODPD$UDoODUÕ... 60

3.3.1 .LúLVHO%LOJL7RSODPD)RUPX ... 61

3.3.2 6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPLQGHg÷UHWLP/LGHUOL÷L'DYUDQÕúODUÕgOoH÷L ... 61

3.3.3 6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPLQGHg÷UHWLP/LGHUOL÷L'DYUDQÕúODUÕgOoHN %R\XWODUÕ ... 62

3.4 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQøúOHP<ROX ... 68

3.5 Veri Analiz Teknikleri ... 69

%g/h0%8/*8/$59(<2580/$5««««««««««««« ... 70

4.1 .RVRYDYH$GDSD]DUÕøOL|÷UHWPHQOHULQNLúLVHOELOJLOHULQHLOLúNLQEXOJXODU ... 70

4.2 Anket Maddelerinin Crosstabb $QDOL]6RQXoODUÕ ... 73

4.3 Alt PUREOHP¶\HøOLúNLQBulgular ... 122

4.3.1 g÷UHWPHQOHULQhlke DH÷LúNHQLQHøOLúNLQFarklar ... 122

4.3.2 Cinsiyet DH÷LúNHQOHULQHøOLúNLQFarklar... 124

4.3.3 %UDQú'H÷LúNHQOHULQHøOLúNLQFarklar... 125

4.3.4 <DúDGH÷LúNHQOHULQHøOLúNLQFarklar ... 125

4.3.5 .ÕGHPDH÷LúNHQOHULQHøOLúNLQFarklar ... 126

6218d9(g1(5ø/(5 ... 127

.$<1$.d$ ... 133

EKLER«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 138 g=*(d0øù ... 142

(7)

iii

1 KISALTMALAR

t : t-test GH÷HUL

r : .ROHUDV\RQ.DWVD\ÕVÕ

s. : Sayfa

v.b. : Ve Benzeri

F : 9DU\DQV$QDOL]'H÷HUL p : $QODPOÕN']H\L N : 'HQHN6D\ÕVÕ S : Standart Sapma X : Aritmetik Ortalama sd : Serbestlik Derecesi AFA )DNW|U$QDOL]L

.g% .RVRYDg]HUN%|OJHVL

.7g' .RVRYD7UNg÷UHWPHQOHU'HUQH÷L

YPO <NVHN3HGDJRML2NXOX BM %LUOHúPLú0LOletler TDK 7UN'LO.XUXPX AB $YUXSD%LUOL÷L

810ø.  8QLWHG 1DWLRQV øQWHULP $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 0LVVLRQ øQ .RVRYD %LUOHúPLú

Milletler .RVRYD*HoLFL<|QHWLP0LV\RQX

NATO :1RUWK$WODQWLF7UHDW\2UJDQL]DWLRQ .X]H\$WODQWLN$QODúPDVÕgUJW

(8)

iv

2 TABLO /ø67(6ø

Tablo 1. *HOHQHNVHO|÷UHWPHQYHOLGHU|÷UHWPHQrollerinin kDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ««...55 Tablo 2. g÷UHWLPOLGHUOLNDQNHWLQLQDOWER\XWODUÕQÕQPDGGHQXPDUDODUÕ««««««63 Tablo 3. g÷UHWim liderli÷LQLQJYHQROXúWXUPD boyutuQDLOLúNLQ

IDNW|U DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««

Tablo 4. g÷UHWim liderli÷LQLQ kaynak kullanma boyutuQDLOLúNLQ

IDNW|U analizi VRQXoODUÕ«««««««...65 Tablo 5. g÷UHWim liderli÷LQLQ ELUH\VHOOHúWLULOPLú destek boyutuna iOLúNLQ

IDNW|U analizi VRQXoODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««..66 Tablo 6. g÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LQLQideal olma boyutuQDLOLúNLQIDNW|U

analizi VRQXoODUÕ«...67 Tablo 7. g÷UHWLP liderli÷LQLQ ELUH\VHOOHúWLULOPLú ilgi boyutuQDLOLúNLQ

IDNW|UDQDOL]L VRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««««««««««««67 Tablo 8. g÷UHWLPOLGHUOLNDQNHWLQLQSXDQODPDELoLPL««««««««««««

Tablo 9. g÷UHWPHQOHULQFLQVL\HWGD÷ÕOÕPÕQDJ|UHIUHNDQVYH\]GHOHUL««««««.70 Tablo 10. g÷UHWPHQOHULQEUDQúGD÷ÕOÕPDJ|UHIUHNDQVYH\]GHOHUL«« «..««««71 Tablo 11. g÷UHWmenlerin \Dú GD÷ÕOÕPÕQDJ|UHIUHNDQVYH\]GHOHUL««««««.71 Tablo 12. g÷UHWmenlerin NÕGHP GD÷ÕOÕPÕQDJ|UHIUHNDQVYH\]GHOHUL«««««

Tablo 13. 0DGGHHLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««...««««««73 Tablo 14. 0DGGH\HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««

Tablo 15. Madde 3HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDbb DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««

Tablo 16. Madde 4HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««...76 Tablo 17. Madde 5HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««««77 Tablo 18. Madde 6'ya LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««..«78 Tablo 19. Madde 7'yHLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««..«79 Tablo 20. Madde 9DLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««...80 Tablo 21. Madde 10'a LOLúNLQ&URVVWDbb DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««1 Tablo 22. Madde 11'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««..««««....82

(9)

v

Tablo 23. Madde 12'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««..««««..83 Tablo 24. Madde 13HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««..84 Tablo 25. Madde 14HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««...«..««««.«««

Tablo 26. Madde 15HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««

Tablo 27. Madde 16'ya LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««..««««««..«87 Tablo 28. Madde 17'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««..««..«88 Tablo 29. Madde 18'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««..«89 Tablo 30. Madde 19'a LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««..««0 Tablo 31. Madde 20'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««..««««..«91 Tablo 32. Madde 21'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««2 Tablo 33. Madde 22\HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««

Tablo 34. Madde 23HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««..94 Tablo 35. Madde 24HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««.95 Tablo 36. Madde 25HLOLúNLQ&URVVWabb DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««

Tablo 37. Madde 27'yHLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««..««««..««97 Tablo 38. Madde 28HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««..«98 Tablo 39. Madde 29'a LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««

Tablo 40. Madde 30'a LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««100 Tablo 41. Madde 31'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««1 Tablo 42. Madde 32'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««..«««««102 Tablo 43. Madde 33HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««103 Tablo 44. Madde 34HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««....104 Tablo 45. Madde 35HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««105 Tablo 46. Madde 36'ya LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««..««106 Tablo 47. Madde 37'yHLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««..«107 Tablo 48. Madde 38'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««....108 Tablo 49. Madde 40'a LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««

(10)

vi

Tablo 50. Madde 41HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««110 Tablo 51. Madde 42'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««..«....111 Tablo 52. Madde 43'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««112 Tablo 53. Madde 44HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««...113 Tablo 54. Madde 45HLOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««««114 Tablo 55. Madde 46'ya LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ«««««««««..«15 Tablo 56. Madde 47'ye LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEEDQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««..««116 Tablo 57. Madde 48'e LOLúNLQ&URVVWDEE DQDOL]LVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««....117 Tablo 58. .RVRYD7UN|÷UHWPHQOHULQ|OoHNER\XWODUÕQDULWPHWLNRUWDODPDVÕ«««118 Tablo 59. $GDSD]DUÕøOL|÷UHWPHQOHULQ|OoHNER\XWODUÕQDULWPHWLNRUWDODPDVÕ«««.119 Tablo 60. g÷UHWLP liderlik anketinde |÷UHWPHQOHULQ ONH GH÷LúNHQLQH

LOLúNLQW-testi sonuoODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««22 Tablo 61. g÷UHWLPOLGHUOLNDQNHWLQGH|÷UHWPHQOHULQcinsiyet GH÷LúNHQLQH

LOLúNLQ t-WHVWLVRQXoODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««24 Tablo 62. g÷UHWLP liderlik anketinde |÷UHWPHQOHULQEUDQú GH÷LúNHQLQH

LOLúNLQW-testi VRQXoODUÕ««...125 Tablo 63. g÷UHWLP liderlik anketinde |÷UHWPHQOHULQ \Dú GH÷LúNHQLQH

LOLúNLQ t-WHVWLVRQXoODUÕ«««...««««««««««««««««26 Tablo 64g÷UHWLP liderlik anketinde |÷UHWPHQOHULQ NÕGHPGH÷LúNHQLQH

LOLúNLQW-testi VRQXoODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««.127

(11)

vii

6DNDU\DhQLYHUVLWHVL(÷LWLP %LOLPOHU(QVWLWV <NVHN/LVDQV7H]g]HWL

7H]LQ %DúOÕ÷Õ 6ÕQÕI <|QHWLPLQGH g÷UHWPHQOHULQ g÷UHWLP Liderli÷L 'DYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ

*HUoHNOHúWLUPH ']H\LQH øOLúNLQ .DUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ %LU $UDúWÕUPD

(7UNL\H± .RVRYDgUQH÷L)

7H]LQ<D]DUÕ)HUGL.29$d 'DQÕúPDQ Yrd. 'Ro Dr. Osman 7ø75(.

Kabul Tarihi: 08 Mart 2011 6D\ID6D\ÕVÕ9,,, |QNÕVÕP 137 (tez)+ 5 (ekler)

$QDELOLP'DOÕ (÷LWLP%LOLPOHUL %LOLP'DOÕ(÷LWLP<|QHWLPL ve Denetimi

%X oDOÕúPD G|UW E|OPGHQ ROXúPDNWDGÕU %LULQFL E|OPGH oDOÕúPDQÕQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ ELU

DUDúWÕUPDQLWHOL÷LWDúÕ\RUROPDVÕQGDQGROD\Õ.RVRYDYHH÷LWLPLLOHLOJLOLDUDúWÕUPDYHELOJLOHU

\HUDOPDNWDGÕU.RVRYD¶GD\ÕOÕ1$72PGDKDOHVLQGHQVRQUD%0DOWÕQDJLren ve 2008

\ÕOÕQGDED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕLODQHWPHVLLOHELUOLNWH7UNoH(÷LWLPG|UGQFG|QHPLQL\DúDPDNWDGÕU

7UNOHU QLYHUVLWH G]H\LQH NDGDU NHQGL GLOOHULQGH RNXPD KDNNÕQD VDKLSWLU  ± 2009 H÷LWLP-|÷UHWLP\ÕOÕQGD.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGH|÷UHWPHQJ|UHY\DSPDNWDGÕU

øNLQFLE|OPGH OLGHUOLNLOHEDúOD\DQNXUDPYHWDULKLJHOLúLPLLOHJLULú\DSÕOPÕúWÕUdDOÕúPDQÕQ

EX E|OPQGH H÷LWLPVHO OLGHUOLN YH H÷LWLPGH OLGHUOLN NDYUDPÕQD \DNODúÕPODU LOH GHYDP

HWPHNWHGLU %X E|OPQ DQD PDGGHVLQL ROXúWXUDQ |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L NRQXVXQX HQ |QHPOL

QRNWDODU LOH DoÕNODQPDVÕ DPDoODQPÕúWÕU 6ÕQÕI \|QHWLPLQGH |÷UHWPHQOHULQ OLGHUOLN LOH

GDYUDQÕúODUÕDOWEDúOÕNODULOHVÕUDODQPÕúWÕU

hoQF E|OP RODQ \|QWHP NÕVPÕQGD DUDúWÕUPDQÕQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ WDUDPD PRGHOL LOH LIDGH

HGLOPLú YH DUDúWÕUPDFÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOHQ ³6ÕQÕI <|QHWLPLQGH g÷UHWLP /LGHUOL÷L

'DYUDQÕúODUÕ´|OoH÷LLOHLON|QFH.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGHJ|UHY\DSDQ|÷UHWPHQOHULQGDKD

VRQUD GD $GDSD]DUÕ¶QGD VÕQÕUODQGÕUÕOPÕú |÷UHWPHQOHULQ J|UúOHUL DOÕQPÕúWÕU g÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L

DQNHWLPDGGHYHEHúER\XWWDQROXúPDNWDGÕU.RVRYD¶GD174 7UN|÷UHWPHQLQ¶XQD ve 7UNL\H¶GHQ GH $GDSD]DUÕ øOL¶QGH  |÷UHWPHQLQ 326¶VÕQD ROPDN ]HUH WRSODP 

|÷UHWPHQHX\JXODQPÕúWÕU9HULOHULQIUHNDQV\]GHVWDQGDUWVDSPDODUÕEHOLUOHQPLúWLU

dDOÕúPDQÕQG|UGQFE|OPQGH³6ÕQÕI<|QHWLPLQGHg÷UHWLP/LGHUOL÷L'DYUDQÕúODUÕ´.RVRYD

YH 7UNL\H¶GHNL |÷UHWPHQOHULQ J|UúOHULQLQ NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQÕQ VRQXoODUÕ YH \DSÕOPÕú

\RUXPODUOD ELUOLNWH VXQXODQ o|]P |QHULOHUL \HU DOPDNWDGÕU g÷UHWPHQOHULQ ONH FLQVL\HW

EUDQú \Dú YH NÕGHP GH÷LúNHQOHULQH J|UH DQDOL] W-WHVWL YH YDU\DQV DQDOL]L EXOJXODUÕ \HU

DOPDNWDGÕU

6RQXo NÕVPÕQGD LVH HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUGD ONH GH÷LúNHQLQGH .RVRYD¶GDNL |÷UHWPHQOHULQLQ

$GDSD]DUÕøOL|÷UHWPHQOHULQHJ|UH|÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LGDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHG]H\OHULQLQGDKD

\NVHN VHYL\HGH ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQPLúWLU &LQVL\HW GH÷LúNHQLQGH NDGÕQ |÷UHWPHQOHU HUNHN

|÷UHWPHQOHUHJ|UHGDKD\NVHNRUWDODPD\DVDKLSROGXNODUÕJ|UOPúWU.ÕGHPGH÷LúNHQLQGH

1- \ÕO NÕGHPH VDKLS |÷UHWPHQOHU GL÷HU NÕGHP JXUXSODUGDNL |÷UHWPHQOHUH J|UH GDKD \NVHN

VHYL\HGH |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L |] ELOLQFLQGH ROGXNODUÕ J|UOPúWU %UDQú \Dú YH NÕGHP

GH÷LúNHQOHULQHJ|UHLVHDQODPOÕELUIDUNEHOLUOHQPHPLúWLU

Anahtar Kelimeler: 7UNL\H, .RVRYDg÷UHWLPVHO/iderlikg÷UHWPHQ.DUúÕODúWÕUPD

(12)

viii

Sakarya University Institute of Education Sciences $EVWUDFWRI0DVWHU¶V7KHVLV Title of the Thesis: A Comparative Research about the Application Levels of

Teachers Instructional Leadership Skills in Classroom Management (Turkey ± Kosovo Example)

Author: )HUGL.29$d Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. 2VPDQ7ø75(.

Date: 08 March 2011 Nu. of Pages: VIII (pre text) + 137 (main body) + 5 (appendices)

Department: Educational Science Subfield: Educational Administration and Supervision

This research consists of four parts. In the first part, there are some information about Kosovo and its education because of comparative research. After the NATO intervention in 1999 and becoming under the UN, Kosovo declared its independence in 2008 and it is in the fourth period of Turkish Education. Turks have the right to study in their own language till the university level. In 2008 - 2009 academic years, there are 174 teachers working in Kosovo in Turkish education.

In the second part, there is a beginning with the theories and the history about the leadership.

On this part of the study, the approaches about the educational leadership and the leadership in education go on. It is aimed to enlighten the teacher leadership which is the main element of this part with the help of the most important points. There are also subtitles about the manners of the teachers in classroom management.

In the third part, the method of the research is a survey. This research conducted with comparative survey method. There are views of the teachers teaching Turkish in Kosovo and WKH YLHZV RI WKH WHDFKHUV LQ $GDSD]DUÕ ZLWK WKH KHOS RI ³7KH EHKDYLRUV RI (GXFDWLRQDO

/HDGHUVKLS LQ &ODVVURRP 0DQDJHPHQW´ TXHVWLRQQDLUH which is defined as comparative screening model and developed by the researcher. Educational Leadership questionnaire consists of 45 elements and 5 parts. It is conducted to 149 Turkish teachers in Kosovo and 326 teachers in Adapazari and in total there are 475 teachers in the research. In the analysis of data, frequency, percentage and standard deviation are indicated.

In WKHIRXUWKSDUWRIWKHVWXG\WKHUHDUHUHVXOWVRIWKHWHDFKHUV¶YLHZVLQ.RVRYRDQG$GDSD]DUÕ

DFFRUGLQJWR³7KH%HKDYLRUVLQ(GXFDWLRQDO/HDGHUVKLSLQ&ODVVURRP0DQDJHPHQW´DQGWKHUH

are also comments and suggestions. There are t-test results about the teDFKHUV¶FRXQWU\gender, teaching field, age and school position.

As a result, it is clear that in the country variable Turkish teachers in Kosovo have a higher perception in the views of educational leadership behaviors than Turkish teachers in Adapazari. In the gender variable, female teachers have higher average than the male teachers.

In seniority variable, the teachers with 1- 5 years seniority have higher average in educational leadership behavior sense than the others. There is no significant difference in age and branch variables.

Keywords: Turkey, Kosova, Instructional Leadership, Teachers, Comparison

(13)

1

*ø5øù

%LOJL oD÷Õ RODUDN DQÕODQ  \]\ÕOGD KHU DODQGD \DúDQDQ JHOLúPHOHU YH DUDúWÕUPDODU

H÷LWLPDODQÕQGDGDJ|UOPHNWHGLU(÷LWLPDODQÕQGD\HQLNDYUDPODUGDn biri olarak bilinen

|÷UHWLPVHO OLGHUOLN oDOÕúPDODUÕ ]HULQH oDOÕúPDODU \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU %X oDOÕúPD

NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕELUDUDúWÕUPDQLWHOL÷LWDúÕ\RUROPDVÕQGDQGROD\Õ|QFHOLNOHoDOÕúPDQÕQDQD

PDGGHVL RODUDN ELOLQHQ OLGHUOL÷LQ WDULKVHO VUHFL YH \DNODúÕPODUÕ LOH EDúODPDNWDGÕU.

.RVRYD¶GD GHYDP HWPHNWH RODQ 7UNoH H÷LWLP LOH LOJLOL ELOJLOHU \HU DOPDNWDGÕU 6ÕQÕI

\|QHWLPLVÕQÕIWDOLGHU|÷UHWPHQYH|÷UHWLPVHOOLGHUOLNDQDEDúOÕNODUÕ\OD OLWHUDWUNÕVPÕ

\HUDOPDNWDGÕU

*HoPLúWHOLGHUNHOLPHVL³QIX]OX´³DJUHVLI´³JoO´³NDUDUOÕ´KDWD³KNPHGHQ´JLEL

kavramlDUÕoD÷UÕúWÕUÕ\RUGX$QFDN\]\ÕOGDOLGHUOHUIDUNOÕOLGHUOLN|]HOOLNOHULQHVDKLS

ROPD\D JHUHNVLQLP GX\PDNWDGÕU %HQQLV¶H   J|UH EX |]HOOLNOHU YL]\RQ LVWHN

JYHQGUVWONPHUDNYHFHVDUHWWLU%XWUWDQÕPOD\ÕFÕNDYUDPODUNLúLQLQNDUDNWHUL\OH

LOLúNLOLGLU%HQQLVEX|]HOOLNOHULQELUNÕVÕP\|QHWLFLOLNNXUDOYHEHFHULOHULQLQ|÷UHWLOGL÷L

SHUVRQHO JHOLúWLUPH oDOÕúPDODUÕQD GkKLO HGLOPHGHQ |QFH OLGHU NLúLGH EXOXQPDVÕ

JHUHNWL÷LQLGHYXUJXODPÕúWÕU &DQ 

/LGHUOLN NRQXVXQGDNL LON oDOÕúPDODUD DVNHUL YH EURNUDWLN \|QHWLFLOHULQ OLGHUOLN

|]HOOLNOHULQLQ LQFHOHQPHVL\OH EDúODQPÕúWÕU %X oDOÕúPDODUGD \DúDGÕNODUÕ G|QHPH

GDPJDVÕQÕYXUDQ\|QHWLFLYHNLúLOHULQOLGHUOLN|]HOOLNOHULDUDúWÕUÕODUDNOLGHUOLNLoLQJHUHNOL

RODQ ELUH\VHO YH WRSOXPVDO |]HOOLNOHU VDSWDQPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU %X J|Uú VDYXQDQ

\|QHWLPELOLPFLOHUHJ|UHOLGHURODELOPHNLoLQIL]LNVHOGúQVHOGX\XPVDOYHVRV\DOve NLúLOLN |]HOOLNOHU DoÕVÕQGDQ GL÷HU LQVDQODUGDQ IDUNOÕ ED]Õ |]HOOLNOHULQ ROPDVÕ

JHUHNPHNWHGLU <DQL |]HOOLNOHU \DNODúÕPÕQD J|UH ELU NLúLQLQ ELU JUXS LoHULVLQGH OLGHU

RODUDN NDEXO HGLOPHVLQLQ YH R JUXEX \|QHWPHVLQLQ WHPHO QHGHQL NLúLQLQ VDKLS ROGX÷X

|]HOOLNOHULQJUXSLoLQGHNLGL÷HU\HOHUGHQIDUNOÕROPDVÕGÕU\]\ÕOÕQLONoH\UH÷LQGH

RUWD\DoÕNÕS¶OHUHNDGDUGHYDPHGHQ|]HOOLNOHU\DNODúÕPÕQÕQDODQ\D]ÕQGD³E\N

DGDPODU´RODUDNGDDGODQGÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU %RVWDQFÕ 

<DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDODUGD HWNLOL RNXO ]HULQGH URO R\QD\DQ |QHPOL IDNW|UOHUGHQ ELULQLQ

JoO |÷UHWLPVHO OLGHUOLN ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQPLúWLU dHOLN    g÷UHWLPVHO OLGHUOLN

NDYUDPÕ L\L |÷UHQFL \HWLúWLUPH YH |÷UHWPHQOHU LoLQ GDKD DU]X HGLOHELOLU |÷UHQPH

(14)

2

NRúXOODUÕVD÷ODPD\D \|QHOLNRODUDNRNXOXQoDOÕúPDoHYUHVLQLQWDWPLQHGLFLYHUHWNHQ

ELU oHYUH\H G|QúWUOPHVL H\OHPOHULQL LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU %X WDQÕPODPD |÷UHWLPVHO

OLGHUOL÷LQVDGHFHJHOLúWLUPHYHG]HOWPHRGDNOÕROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕD\QÕ]DPDQGDGL÷HUOLGHUOLN

ELoLPOHULQH GH NDUúÕ ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X NRQXGDNL LON oDOÕúPDODUGD ELU

|÷UHWLPVHO OLGHU RODUDN RNXO \|QHWLFLVLQLQ RNXO HWNLOLOL÷L ]HULQGHNL URO DUDúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU

*RUWRQYH6FKQHLGHU$NWdHOLN 

6ÕQÕI \|QHWLPL |÷UHWPHQLQ |÷UHQFLOHUGH LVWHQHQ GDYUDQÕú GH÷LúLNOL÷LQL ROXúWXUPD

X\JXQROPD\DQGDYUDQÕúODUÕG]HOWPHL\LELULOHWLúLPD÷ÕNXUPDYHJHOLúWLUPHVÕQÕIWD

olumlu bir psiko-VRV\DOLOHWLúLP\DUDWPDHWNLOLYHYHULPOLELURUJDQL]DV\RQROXúWXUPD

YH ]DPDQÕ HWNLOL NXOODQPD HWNLQOLNOHULQLQ WRSODPÕ VÕQÕIWD LOHWLúLPLQ YH LOLúNLOHULQ

G]HQOHQPHVL|÷UHQFLOHULQPRWLYHHGLOPHVLRODUDNGDWDQÕPODQDELOLU .ÕUDQ 

¶OL\ÕOODUGDWHPHOELU\|QHWLPURORODUDNRUWD\DoÕNDQ|÷UHWLPVHOOLGHUOLN|÷UHWLP

SURJUDPÕ LOH SURJUDP HWNLQOLNOHULQLQ NRQWURO YH NRRUGLQH HGLOPHVLQH GD\DQPDNWDGÕU

$QFDNJLGHUHNRNXOOLGHUOL÷LDODQÕQGDRNXOX\HQLGHQ\DSÕODQGÕUPD\DNODúÕPÕGDKDoRN

YXUJXODQPD\D EDúODQPÕúWÕU (WNLOL \|QHWLFLOHULQ HWNLOL |÷UHWLP OLGHUOHUL ROGXNODUÕ

\DUJÕVÕQÕ úX LúOHYOHU GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU (WNLOL \|QHWLFLOHU |÷UHWLPH oRN |QHP YHULU

|÷UHWLPH LOLúNLQ DPDo YH EHNOHQWLOHULQL DoÕNoD EHOLUOHU YH EX DPDo YH EHNOHQWLOHULQ

|÷UHWPHQ YH \|QHWLFLOHUH XODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODUODU =DPDQODUÕQÕQ oR÷XQX |÷UHWLPH LOJL

YHGHVWHNYHUPHoDOÕúDQODUDG|QNROPDJLELoDEDODUOD|÷UHWLPVRUXQODUÕLOHLOJLOHQHUHN

JHoLULUOHU &DQ 

<DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDODUGD HWNLOL RNXO ]HULQGH URO R\QD\DQ |QHPOL IDNW|UOHUGHQ ELULQLQ

JoO |÷UHWLPVHO OLGHUOLN ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQPLúWLU dHOLN    g÷UHWLPVHO OLGHUOLN

NDYUDPÕ L\L |÷UHQFL \HWLúWLUPH YH |÷UHWPHQOHU LoLQ GDKD DU]X HGLOHELOLU |÷UHQPH

NRúXOODUÕVD÷ODPD\D \|QHOLNRODUDNRNXOXQoDOÕúPDoHYUHVLQLQWDWPLQHGLFLYHUHWNHQ

ELU oHYUH\H G|QúWUOPHVL H\OHPOHULQL LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU %X WDQÕPODPD |÷UHWLPVHO

OLGHUOL÷LQVDGHFHJHOLúWLUPHYHG]HOWPHRGDNOÕROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕD\QÕ]DPDQGDGL÷HUOLGHUOLN

ELoLPOHULQH GH NDUúÕ ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X NRQXGDNL LON oDOÕúPDODUGD ELU

|÷UHWLPVHO OLGHU RODUDN RNXO \|QHWLFLVLQLQ RNXO HWNLOLOL÷L ]HULQGHNL URO DUDúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU

(Gorton ve Schneider$NWdHOLN 

g÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LNDYUDPÕ¶OL\ÕOODUÕQVRQXQGDQLWLEDUHQEDWÕOՁONHOHUGHEDúDUÕOÕ\D

GD HWNLOL RNXOODU ]HULQGH \DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDODUOD ELUOLNWH JQGHPH JHOPLúWLU g÷UHWLP

(15)

3

OLGHUOL÷LRNXOPGUQQRNXOGDEHNOHQHQVRQXoODUDXODúDELOPHNLoLQKHPNHQGLVLQLQ

\HULQHJHWLUPHNGXUXPXQGDROGX÷XKHPGHNHQGLVLGÕúÕQGDNLLQVDQODUÕHWNLOH\HUHNRQODU

DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD \HULQHJHWLUPHVLQLVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕGDYUDQÕúODUGÕU 7DKDR÷OXYH*HGLNR÷OX

282).

g÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LNDYUDPÕQÕQ¶OL\ÕOODUÕQVRQXQGDQLWLEDUHQEDWÕOՁONHOHUGHEDúDUÕOÕ

\DGDHWNLOLRNXOODU]HULQGH\DSÕODQDUDúWÕUPDODUODELUOLNWHJQGHPHJHOGL÷LGDKD|QFH

EHOLUWLOPLúWL (WNLOL YH PNHPPHO RNXOODU RODUDN QLWHOHQGLULOHQ RNXOODUGD \DSÕODQ

DUDúWÕUPDODUGD OLGHUOL÷LQ RNXOXQ HWNLOLOL÷LQGH |QHPOL IDNW|U ROGX÷X J|UOPú V|]

NRQXVX RNXOODUÕQ \|QHWLFLOHULQLQ OLGHUOLN |]HOOLNOHULQL EHOLUOHPHN LoLQ ELUoRN DUDúWÕUPD

\DSÕOPÕúWÕU (÷LWLP \|QHWLPL\OH LOJLOL OLWHUDWU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L

ifadesiyle birlikte zaman zamDQ GD RNXOGD SURJUDPÕQ \|QHWLPL |÷UHWLP \|QHWLPL

LIDGHOHULNXOODQÕOPDNWDDQFDNGDKDoRNGD|÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LLIDGHVLWHUFLKHGLOPHNWHGLU

ùLúPDQ 

6ÕQÕIWDELUOLGHURODUDN|÷UHWPHQX\JXQRUWDPODUROXúWXUXOGX÷XQGDGR÷UXSURJUDPYH

\|QWHPOHUOH KHU LQVDQÕQ |÷UHQPH LVWH÷LQLQ DUWDFD÷ÕQÕ YH ³EWQ |÷UHQFLOHULQ

|÷UHQHELOHFH÷LQL´ J|] |QQGH EXOXQGXUXU (WNLOL ELU OLGHU RODUDN |÷UHWPHQ VÕQÕIWDNL

EWQ |÷UHQFLOHULQ IDUNÕQGD ROXS WP |÷UHQFLOHULQ JHOLúLPOHULQH YH ELUH\VHO

IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQD X\JXQ |÷UHQPH \DúDQWÕODUÕ G]HQOHPH VRUXPOXOX÷XQD VDKLSWLU &DQ

2009: 92).

g÷UHWPHQVÕQÕIWD|÷UHWLPLoLQYDUGÕUYHVÕQÕIÕQDOLGHUOLNHGHQNLúLGLUg÷UHWPHQ|÷UHWLP

VWUDWHMLVL \|QWHP YH WHNQL÷LQL GHUVLQ KHGHIOHULQH YH NRQXVXQD J|UH VHoVH GH OLGHUOLN

|]HOOLNOHULQL J|VWHUHPHGL÷L VUHFH |÷UHWLPGH HWNLOLOL÷L VD÷OD\DPD] g÷UHWPHQ

|÷UHWLPGHNL HWNLOLOL÷LQL |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L UROOHULQL R\QD\DUDN J|VWHUHELOLU ùLPDQ YH

Turan, 2007: 168).

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QXQ\|QHWLPL.RVRYD¶GD0H\GDQ0XKDUHEHVL\OHEDúODUYH

\ÕOÕQDNDGDU2VPDQOÕ¶QÕQEXWRSUDNODUGDQJHULoHNLOPHVLQHNDGDUVUHU2VPDQOÕ

GHYOHWLQLQ DPDFÕ GL÷HU WRSUDN YH E|OJHOHULQGH ROGX÷X JLEL .RVRYD¶GD GD H÷LWLPL

JHUoHNOHúWLUPHN YH JHOLúWLUPHNWLU ¶GH <XJRVODY\D .UDOOÕ÷Õ G|QHPLQGH 6ÕUELVWDQ

.RVRYD¶\ÕLúJDOHGHU\ÕOÕQDNDGDUEXWRSUDNODUGDHQEHOLUJLQ|]HOOLNUHVPL7UN

GLOLQGHH÷LWLPLQ\DSÕOPDPDVÕGÕU\ÕOÕQGDLVH<XJRVODY\D¶QÕQNXUXOPDVÕ\ODELUOLNWH

\LQH7UNoHH÷LWLPEDúODU$QD\DVDVÕ¶QGD.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHUHVPLGLOROPDVÕQD

(16)

4

UD÷PHQEXVUHoWH7UNoHH÷LWLPGHVRUXQODUo|]OHPHPLúWLU\ÕOÕQGD.RVRYD%0

\|QHWLPLDOWÕQDJLUHUEXVUHoùXEDW.RVRYD¶QÕQED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕLODQHWPHVLQH

NDGDUGHYDPHGHU%X]DPDQÕQHQEHOLUJLQ|]HOOL÷L7UNoHH÷LWLPLQGHYDPHWPHVLoRN

uluslu bir toplum ve dHPRNUDVLQLQROXúWXUXOPDVÕLoLQVLYLOWRSOXPNXUXOXúODUÕQÕQH÷LWLP

VRUXQODUÕQÕQ o|]OPHVLQGH HWNLQ URO DOPDVÕGÕU  1$72 PGDKDOHVLQGHQ VRQUD

.RVRYD¶GD NXUXODQ %LUOHúPLú 0LOOHWOHU *HoLFL 0LV\RQX 810ø. oRN XOXVOX ELU

GHPRNUDWLN WRSOXP JHOLúWLUPH\L DPDoODPÕúWÕU .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLP WDULKL VUHo

LoLQGH G|UGQF G|QHPLQL \DúDPDNWDGÕU 810ø. \|QHWPHOL÷L H÷LWLP \DVDVÕQGD

.RVRYD¶GD $UQDYXWoD 6ÕUSoD %RúQDNoD YH 7UNoH ROPDN ]HUH G|UW GLOGH H÷LWLP

\DSÕOPDNWDGÕU %X \DVDODUD J|UH .RVRYD¶GD KHU WRSOXOXN QLYHUVLWH G]H\LQH NDGDU

DQDGLOLQGHH÷LWLPJ|UPHKDNNÕQDVDKLSWLU .RUR 

.RVRYD¶GD NL H÷LWLP GXUXPX LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH  VRQUDVÕ 6ÕUSODU 3ULúWLQH YH

3UL]UHQ¶GHNL ELUNDo PHGUHVH GÕúÕQGD .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLP \DVDNODQPÕúWÕ ¶WH

LVH 7UNoH H÷LWLP WDPDPHQ NDOGÕUÕOGÕ 7UNOHULQ .RVRYD¶GDNL KXNXNL YDUOÕ÷Õ DQFDN

¶GH WDQÕQGÕ $VOÕQGD ¶WH <XJRVODY\D )HGHUDV\RQXQXQ NXUXOPDVÕQGDQ VRQUD

WPD]ÕQOÕNODUNHQGLGLOOHULQGH|÷UHQLPJ|UPHKDNNÕQÕHOGHHWPLúWL$QFDN¶HNDGDU

RNXOODUGD6ÕUSoDRNXPDN]RUXQGDNDODQ7UNOHUEXWDULKWHQVRQUD$UQDYXWoDRNXPD\D

]RUODQGÕODU7UNOHU7UNoHH÷LWLPKDNNÕQÕDOWÕ\ÕOJHFLNPHLOHHOGHHGHELOGL$QFDN

(\OO ¶GHQ LWLEDUHQ 7UNOHU oR÷XQOXN ROGXNODUÕ \HUOHUGH NHQGL RNXOODUÕQÕ NXUPD

KDNNÕQÕ HOGH HWWL .RVRYD  \ÕOÕ VRQUDVÕ %0 DOWÕQD JLUPHVL YH  ùXEDW 

WDULKLQGH ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ LODQ HWPHVL LOH  G|QHPLQL \DúDPDNWD RODQ .RVRYD 7UNoH

H÷LWLPL YH .RVRYD 7UNOHUL KHU H÷LWLP DúDPDVÕQGD NHQGL RNXOODUÕQD VDKLSWLU 3UL]UHQ

0DPXúD 3ULúWLQH *LODQ 'REÕUoDQ YH 9ÕoÕWÕUQ¶GD WRSODP ¶H \DNÕQ 7UN

|÷UHQFLVLQLQGHYDPHWWL÷LDQDRNXOXLONRNXOOLVH3ULúWLQH hQLYHUVLWHVL¶QHED÷OÕ

Filoloji FDNOWHVL¶QGH7UN'LOL(GHEL\DWÕ%|OPYH3UL]UHQ(÷LWLP)DNOWHVL¶QGH6ÕQÕI

g÷UHWPHQOL÷LYH0DWHPDWLN(QIRUPDWLNE|OPOHULEXOXQPDNWDGÕU 7DúNÕUDQ 

Problem

%X DUDúWÕUPDQÕQ SUREOHPL VÕQÕI \|QHWLPLQGH |÷UHWPHQOHULQ |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L

GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕJHUoHNOHúWLUPHG]H\LQHGLU $GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDNL|÷UHWPHQOHULOH.RVRYD¶GD

7UNoHNRQXúDQ|÷UHWPHQOHULQJ|UúOHULQLQNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ "

(17)

5 Alt Problemler

g÷UHWPHQOHULQVÕQÕI\|QHWLPLQGHNL|÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LGDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕQG]H\LQHLOLúNLQ;

D .RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGHJ|UHY\DSDQ|÷UHWmeQOHULQJ|UúOHULQDVÕOGÕU?

E $GDSD]DUÕ¶QGD|÷UHWPHQOHULQJ|UúOHULQDVÕOGÕU?

2. g÷UHWPHQOHULQ VÕQÕI \|QHWLPLQGHNL |÷UHWLP OLGHUOL÷L GDYUDQÕúODUÕQD LOLúNLQ RODUDN

.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGHJ|UHY\DSDQ|÷UHWPHQOHUYH$GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDNL|÷UHWPHQOHULQ

J|UúOHULa) cinsiyet b) bUDQúF yDú ve d) kÕGHP dH÷LúNHQOHULQHJ|UHJ|UúOHULDQODPOÕ

IDUNOÕODúPDNWDPÕGÕU"

$UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕ

%XoDOÕúPDGDH÷LWLPGHJQFHOYH|QHPOLRODQ|÷UHWPHQOHULQVÕQÕI\|QHWLPLQGHOLGHUOLN

GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ WHVSLW HWPHN YH NDUúÕODúWÕUPDNWÕU .RVRYD¶GDki 7UNoH H÷LWLPGH J|UHY

DODQ|÷UHWPHQOHULOH$GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDEHOOLELUVD\ÕLOHVÕQÕUODQGÕUÕODUDNH÷LWLPVHOOLGHUOLNOH

LOJLOL J|UúOHULQGH NDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ \DSÕOPÕúWÕU %X oDOÕúPD\OD H÷LWLPGH OLGHUOLN

NDYUDPÕQÕQ KHU JHoHQ JQ |QHPLQLQ DUWPDVÕ YH \HQL ER\XWODU ND]DQPDVÕ QHGHQL LOH

|÷UHWPHQOHULQNRQXKDNNÕQGDNLJ|UúOHULQLDoÕ÷D oÕNDUPDNWÕU2UWD\DoÕNDFDNVRQXoODUD

J|UHoDOÕúPDQÕQDPDFÕRODUDNGDEHOLUWLOHQDQDVRUXQODUÕQJHUHNHQNXUXPYHNXUXOXúODUD

DNWDUÕOPDVÕQGD \DUGÕPFÕ RODFDNWÕU .RVRYD¶GD GHYDP HWPHNWH RODQ 7UNoH H÷LWLPH YH

\DúDQDQ VÕNÕQWÕODUD o|]POHU UHWPHGH $GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDNL |÷UHWPHQOHULQ J|UúOHUL LOH

\DSÕODQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPD QHWLFHVLQGH LNL ONH DUDVÕQGD GDKD VLVWHPOL YH LOHUL\H G|QN

oDOÕúPDODU \DSÕODELOHFHNWLU g]HOOLNOH .RVRYD¶GDNL 7UN |÷UHWPHQOHUOH NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ

oDOÕúPDGD RQODUD EX NRQXGD RUWDN oDOÕúPD YH ILNLUOHUOH GHVWHN ROPDNWÕU. Bu tarz bir NDUúÕODúWÕUPDQÕQ LON ROPDVÕ .RVRYD¶GD H÷LWLPH G|QN DUDúWÕUPDODUÕQ HNVLNOL÷L YH

JHOLúPHVLLoLQ|UQHNROPDVÕQLWHOL÷LWDúÕ\DFDNROPDVÕGÕU

$UDúWÕUPDQÕQgQHPL

%X DUDúWÕUPDGD HOGH HGLOHFHN YHULOHUH GD\DOÕ VRQXoODUD J|UH .RVRYD¶GD GHYDP HGHQ

7UNoHH÷LWLPHKHU\|QOGHVWH÷LQJHUHNOL\HUOHUHLOHWLOPHVLQGH|QHPROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU

$\UÕFDONHPL]GHH÷LWLPDODQ.RVRYDOÕJHQoOHUHH÷LWLPOHLOJLOL\DSDFDNODUÕDUDúWÕUPDYH

oDOÕúPDODUGD\ROJ|VWHUPHNYHGHVWHNVXQPDNDoÕVÕQGDQ|Qemi de DUWDFDNWÕU$UDúWÕUPD

(18)

6

KHU LNL ONH DUDVÕQGD JHOLúPHNWH RODQ LúELUOL÷L LOH .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLPH NDWNÕ

VD÷ODPDNYHYDURODQVRUXQODUÕWHVSLWHGLSKHU\|QOGHVWHNROPDNWÕU

$UDúWÕUPDQÕQ<|QWHPL

$UDúWÕUPDNDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ tarama modeli (comparative) ile JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU Konu ve DPDoODUD X\JXQOX÷X QHGHQL\OH EX DUDúWÕUPDGD JHQHO WDUDPD PRGHOL WUOHULQGHQ

NDUúÕODúWÕUPD WDUDPD PRGHOL NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU .DUúÕODúWÕUPD WDUDPD PRGHOL EHú ER\XWWDQ

ROXúDQ |OoHN LOH NDUúÕODúWÕUPDGD EHQ]HUOLN YH IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ EHOLUOHPH\L DPDoOD\DQ ELU

DUDúWÕUPDPRGHOLGLU

Evren

.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGHJ|UHYDODQWP|÷UHWPHQOHULOH$GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDLON|÷UHWLP

YHRUWD|÷UHWLPGHJ|UHY\DSDQ|÷UHWPHQOHUGLU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQHYUHQL± H÷LWLP

|÷UHWLP \ÕOÕ 2008 ±  H÷LWLP-|÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLPGH J|UHY

yapmakta olan 174 |÷UHWPHQOHULQ WP YH $GDSD]DUÕ LOLQGHNL 2010 ±  H÷LWLP-

|÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD GHYOHW RNXOODUÕQGD J|UHY \DSDQ 2219 |÷UHWPHQGHQ |UQHNOHP DOÕQDUDN ROXúPXúWXU.RVRYD¶GDHYUHQXODúÕODELOLUROGX÷XLoLQ |UQHNOHPDOÕQPDPÕúoDOÕúPDJUXEX

ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU7UNoHH÷LWLPGHJ|UHY\DSPDNWDRODQEWQ|÷UHWPHQOHUHXODúÕOPD\D

oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU $GDSD]DUÕ øOL¶QGH GHYOHW RNXOODUÕQGD J|UHYOL 2219 |÷UHWPHQGHQ 

|÷UHWPHQ|UQHNOHPRODUDNVHoLOPLúWir.

$UDúWÕUPDGD.XOODQÕODQ9HUL7RSODPD$UDoODUÕ

$UDúWÕUPDGD NXOODQÕODQ YHUL WRSODPD DUDoODUÕ |OoOPHN LVWHQHQ GH÷LúNHQOHUH J|UH

EHOLUOHQPLúWLU $UDúWÕUPDGD YHUL WRSODPDN DPDFÕ\OD DUDúWÕUPDFÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOHQ

|oHNEHúER\XWYHLNLE|OPGHQROXúPDNWDGÕU%LULQFLE|OPGH|÷UHWPHQOHUHDLWNLúLVHO

ELOJLOHULQEXOXQGX÷X.LúLVHO%LOJL)RUPX\HUDOPDNWDGÕUøNLQFLE|OPGH|QX\JXODPDGD

 PDGGHGHQ ROXúDQ ³6ÕQÕI <|QHWLPLQGH g÷UHWLP /LGHUOL÷L 'DYUDQÕúODUÕ´ |OoH÷L yer DOPDNWDGÕU gOoH÷LQ |Q X\JXODPD VRQXFXQGDNL DQDOL]OHULQH J|UH 3 o PDGGH IDNW|U

analizinde (rotation- YDULPD[  IDNW|U \N GH÷HULQLQ KDQJL ER\XWWD \HU DOGÕ÷ÕQÕQ

DQODúÕODPDPDVÕ YH GúN IDNW|U QHGHQOHUL\OH DQNHWWHQ oÕNDUÕOPÕú YH GH÷HUOHQGLUPH 

PDGGHLOH\DSÕOPÕúWÕU

(19)

7 Verilerin Analizi

Verilerin analizi SPSS 15.00 SDNHW SURJUDPÕ LOH JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLú YHULOHUL frekans,

\]GH VWDQGDUW VDSPDODUÕ EHOLUOHQPLúWLU $\UÕFD |÷UHWPHQOHULQ J|UúOHUL DUDVÕQGD

DQODPOÕ IDUNÕQ EHOLUOHQPHVL LoLQ W-WHVW YH WHN \|QO YDU\DQV DQDOL]L WHNQLNOHUL

NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU

6ÕQÕUOÕOÕNODU

.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPde J|UHY\DSDQ |÷UHWPHQOHULQVD\ÕVÕ¶GHQ\DQÕWYHUHQ

YH $GDSD]DUÕ¶QGDQ GD |OoH÷L \DQÕWOD\DQ  |÷UHWPHQ ROPDN ]HUH WRSODP 475

|÷UHWPHQLQ J|UúOHULLOHVÕQÕUOÕGÕU$\UÕFD DUDúWÕUPD-2010 |÷UHWLP\ÕOÕQGD J|UHY

\DSDQ|÷UHWPHQOHULQJ|UúOHULLOHVÕQÕUOÕGÕU

$UDúWÕUPDQÕQøoHUL÷L

%X oDOÕúPD G|UW E|OPGHQ ROXúXU ELULQFL E|OPGH oDOÕúPDQÕQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ ELU

DUDúWÕUPD QLWHOL÷L WDúÕPÕú ROPDVÕQGDQ GROD\Õ .RVRYD YH H÷LWLPL LOH LOJLOL DUDúWÕUPD YH ELOJLOHU \HU DOPDNWDGÕU .RVRYD¶QÕQ VWDWV oR÷UDIL YH WDULKL GXUXPX DoÕNODPDODUÕ LOH

ELUOLNWHGHYDPHWPHNWHRODQ7UNoHH÷LWLPLQWDULKLVUHFLQHYHEXVUHoWHJ|UHYDOPDNWD

RODQ |÷UHWPHQ NDGURVXQD \HU YHULOPHNWHGLU %X E|OPGH .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLPLQ

VL\DVLQHGHQOHUGHQGROD\ÕG|UWD\UÕE|OPGHLQFHOHQGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU'|UWE|OPGHQ

GH DUDúWÕUPDODUÕQ \HU DOGÕ÷Õ EX NÕVÕPGD  \ÕOÕQGD NXUXODQ <XJRVODY\D GHYOHWL LOH

\HQLGHQ EDúOD\DQ 7UNoH H÷LWLPLQ oDOÕúPDODUÕ JHQLúoH \HU DOPDNWDGÕU ;;, \\

EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQE\N|÷UHQFLSURMHVLLOH7UNL\H&XPKXUL\HWLhQLYHUVLWHOHUL¶QGHPH]XQ

RODQ .RVRYDOÕ 7UN JHQoOHUOH |÷UHWPHQ NDGURVXQGD \DúDQDQ VÕNÕQWÕQÕQ JLGHULOGL÷L

belirtilmektedir.

øNLQFL E|OPGH OLGHUOLN LOH EDúOD\DQ NXUDP YH WDULKL JHOLúLPL LOH JLULú \DSÕOPÕúWÕU

dDOÕúPDQÕQEXE|OPQGHH÷LWLPVHOOLGHUOLNYHH÷LWLPGHOLGHUOLNNDYUDPÕQD\DNODúÕPODU

LOHGHYDPHWPHNWHGLU<|QHWLFLYHOLGHUDUDVÕQGDNLIDUNODURNXO\|QHWLFLOL÷LLOHEDúOD\DQ

H÷LWLPGHOLGHUOLNYHVÕQÕI\|QHWLPLQGH|÷UHWLPOLGHUOL÷LNDYUDPODUÕ \HU DOPDNWDGÕU%X

E|OPQ DQD PDGGHVLQL ROXúWXUDQ |÷UHWPHQ OLGHUOL÷L NRQXVX HQ |QHPOL QRNWDODU LOH

DoÕNODQPDVÕDPDoODQPÕúWÕU6ÕQÕI\|QHWLPLQGH|÷UHWPHQOHULQOLGHUOLNLOHGDYUDQÕúODUÕDOW

EDúOÕNODU LOH VÕUDODQPÕúWÕU øNLQFL E|OPQ VRQXQGD H÷LWLPGH OLGHUOLN konusu ile ED÷ODQWÕOÕRODUDN\DSÕOPÕúDUDúWÕUPDODUD\HUYHULOPLúWLU

(20)

8

Üçüncü bölümde geliştirilmiş “Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmenlerin Öğretim Liderliği Davranışları” ölçeği ile ilk önce Kosova’da Türkçe eğitimde görev yapan öğretmenlerin daha sonra da Adapazarı’nda sınırlandırılmış öğretmenlerin görüşleri alınmıştır.

Kosova’da evren ulaşılabilir olduğundan tamamı uygulanmaya alınmış, bu guruptan örneklem seçilmemiştir. Kosova’da Türrkçe eğitimde toplam 174 öğretmen çalışmaktadır. Evrenin tamamına anket dağıtıldı. Bu öğretmenlerin 149’dan anket geri alınabildi. Katılma oranı % 85,6 gibi yüksek oran olduğundan yeterli bulunmuştur.

Adapazarı’nda 2219 öğretmen görev yapmaktadır Bu evren toplam 384 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Adapzarı Đli’nde 470 anket değıtılmış, öğretmenden 326 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, standart sapmaları belirlenmiştir.

Ayrıca öğretmenlerin görüşleri arasında anlamlı farkın belirlenmesi için t-test ve tek yönlü varyans analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır.

Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde “Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmenlerin Öğretim Liderliği Davranışları” Kosova ve Adapazarı’ndaki öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin karşılaştırılmasının sonuçları, tartışmaları ve konuyla ilgili çözüm ve öneriler yer almaktadır. Adapazarı ve Kosova’da Türkçe eğitimde görev yapan öğretmenler arasında

“Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmenlerin Öğretim Liderliği Görüşü” konulu karşılaştırmada ülke dağlımına, cinsiyet, branş, yaş ve kıdem analizlerinin t-testi sonuçları yapılmıştır.

Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre analiz sonuçları yorumlanmış ve öneriler getirilmiştir.

Kosova ve Türkiye devleti arasında devam eden anlaşmalar çerçevesinde görev yapan Türk öğretmenlere eğitim seminer ve kursları sürekli düzenlenmesi iyi neticeler verecektir.

1

(21)

9

%g/h01:KOSOVA, 7h5.d((öø7ø07$5ø+ø*(/øùø0ø9(

gö5(70(1.$'5268

dDOÕúPDQÕQELULQFLE|OPQGHDUDúWÕUPD.RVRYDYH$GDSD]DUÕLOHNDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕROGX÷X

LoLQ .RVRYD¶QÕQ FR÷UDIL GXUXPXQX WDULKLQH YH .RVRYD¶GD 7UNOHULQ GXUXPXQD \HU

YHULOPLúWLU

1.1 .RVRYDdR÷UDIL'XUXPX7DULKL.RVRYD¶GD7UNOHU

&R÷UDIL RODUDN $YUXSD¶QÕQ JQH\ GR÷XVXQGD %DONDQODUGD \HU DODQ .RVRYD¶QÕQ

\]|OoPkm

ð

dir. Kosova, Kosova ve Metohiya (Dugacin RYDODUÕQGDQROXúXU

ùDUGD÷Õ¶QÕQ 'LQDUD 'D÷ODUÕ¶QÕQ YH .RSDRQLN 'D÷Õ¶QÕQ \DPDoODUÕQD NDGDU Xzanan .RVRYD %|OJHVL øEUH /HSHQDQWV %H\D] 'ULP øSHN %LVWULoDVÕ YH .ULYD 5HND QHKUL

JHoLWOHUL\OH $GUL\DWLN (JH 'HQL]L YH %DONDQ <DUÕPDGDVÕ¶QÕQ Lo NÕVÕPODUÕ\OD ED÷ODQÕU (Koro, 2008: 7).

.RVRYD¶GD VL\DVL QHGHQOHU \]QGHQ VRQ oH\UHN \]\ÕOGD NHVLQ ELU QIXV VD\ÕPÕ

\DSÕODPDPÕúWÕU 1IXVXQ \DNODúÕN  ROGX÷X WDKPLQ HGLOPHNWHGLU %X QIXVXQ

\DNODúÕN¶ÕQÕ$UQDYXWODU¶LQL6ÕUSODU¶VLQL%RúQDNODU¶LQL7UNOHU

¶VLQL*RUD5RPYH$úNDOLOHUROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU .RUR).

6L\DVLRODUDNúXbilgiler verilebilir: Eski <XJRVODY\D)HGHUDV\RQXGD÷ÕOPDGDQ|QFHDOWÕ

FXPKXUL\HWYHLNL|]HUNE|OJHGHQROXúPDNWDGÕU%XLNL|]HUNE|OJHGHQELUL.RVRYDLGL

¶GH Eski Yugoslavya Federasyonu GD÷ÕOPD VUHFLQH JLUPLú .RVRYD 6ÕUELVWDQ YH

.DUDGD÷¶ÕQROXúWXUGX÷X\HQLIHGHUDV\RQXQVÕQÕUODUÕLoLQGHYH6ÕUELVWDQ&XPKXUL\HWL¶QLQ

ELUSDUoDVÕRODUDNNDOPDNWDGÕU\ÕOÕQGD ki AUQDYXWODULOH6ÕUSODUDUDVÕQGD\DúDQDQ VDYDúWDQVRQUD.RVRYD¶GDGHPRNUDWLNG]HQLuygulamak LoLQ%0*HoLFL6LYLO<|QHWLPL

(UNMIK) kurulmakWDGÕU (Suroy, 2004: 45).

.RVRYD NHOLPHVL (VNL %XOJDU YH dHN GLOOHULQGH ³.DUDWDYXN´ DQODPÕQD JHOHQ

³.RV´¶GDQ WUHmektedir .RVRYD WDULK ER\XQFD ELUoRN NDYLP VDOGÕUÕVÕQD X÷UDPÕú ELU

\HUOHúLP E|OJHVLGLU 5RPD øPSDUDWRUOX÷X LNL\H D\UÕOÕQFD .RVRYD 'R÷X Roma WRSUDNODUÕ LoLQGH NDOPDNWDGÕU %X WDULKOHUGH NX]H\GHQ JHOHQ YH %DWÕ LNL\H D\UÕOÕQFD

.RVRYD'R÷X5RPDWRSUDNODUÕLoLQGHNDOPÕúWÕU%XWDULKOHUGHNX]H\GHQJHOHQYH%DWÕ

$YUXSD¶\D GR÷UX LOHUOH\HQ +XQODU $YDUODU YH 9L]LJRWODU .RVRYD¶GDQ JHoWLOHU  \\

(22)

10

%DúÕQGD .RVRYD E|OJHVLQH 6ODYODU \HUOHúPLúWLU %L]DQV¶ÕQ EDVNÕVÕQÕQ VUHJHOPHVL YH

DUGÕQGDQ\\GD%XOJDUODUYH%L]DQVOÕODUDUDVÕQGDHOGH÷LúWLUmektedir%XDUDGDEDWÕGD

NL$UQDYXWODU.RVRYD¶\DGR÷UX\D\ÕOPDNWDGÕUODU%|OJHGDKDVRQUDODUÕED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕNODUÕQÕ

LODQHGHQ6ÕUS³%DQ´ODUÕQÕQKDNLPL\HWOHULQHJHomiúWLU6ÕUSODUÕQGDKDVRQUD.RVRYD¶GD

%L]DQVODUD NDUúÕ E\N ELU ]DIHU ND]DQPDVÕ ]HULQH 6ÕUS NUDOODUÕQÕQ KDNLPL\HWLQH

girPLúWLU%XKDNLPL\HWøVWHIDQ'XúDQ¶ÕQ|OPQHNDGDUVUG'XúDQ¶GDQVRQUD6ÕUS

NUDOOÕ÷Õ SDUoDODQPÕúWÕU .RVRYD .X]H\ 6ÕUELVWDQ .UDOÕ YH 'XúDQ R÷OX 8URú¶XQ

hakimiyetine girPLúWLU ¶GD 7UNOHUH YHUJL YHUHQ 6ÕUS SUHQVOL÷LQLQ HOLQH JHoLúWLU.

'DKD VRQUD \DSÕODQ  .RVRYD VDYDúÕ 2VPDQOÕODUÕQ %DONDQODUD \HUOHúPHVLQL

VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU %D÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ ND\EHGHQ 6ÕUS NUDOOÕ÷Õ GD  \\¶D NDGDU 2VPDQOÕ

GHYOHWLQHED÷OÕNDOmÕúWÕU ùDQOÕYH-DEOH 

.RVRYD 3DUODPHQWRVX  ùXEDW  WDULKLQGH %DúEDNDQ +DVKLP 7KDTL YH %DúNDQ

)DWPLU6HMGLX|QGHUOL÷LQGH6ÕUELVWDQ¶GDQWDPDPHQD\UÕODUDNED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕLODQHWPLúWLU

'Q\DQÕQ HQ JHQo YH \HQL \HVL RODQ .RVRYD GHYOHWLQL JQP]H NDGDU  ONH

WDQÕPÕúWÕU

.RVRYDED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕQELULQFL\ÕOÕQÕQDUGÕQGDQLoOHULQGH7UNL\H¶QLQGHEXOXQGX÷X

ONHWDUDIÕQGDQWDQÕQPD\ÕEDúDUmÕúWÕU\HOL$%¶QLQ 5RPDQ\DøVSDQ\D<XQDQLVWDQ

.ÕEUÕV 5XP .HVLPL YH 6ORYDN\D GÕúÕQGD  ONHVL .RVRYD¶QÕQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ LON \ÕO

LoHULVLQGH WDQÕGÕODU 6ÕUSODUOD DNUDED NRPúX .DUDGD÷¶ÕQ 6ÕULVWDQ¶D UD÷PHQ .RVRYD¶\Õ

WDQÕPDVÕ$%\ROXQGDGDJoOELUDGÕPDQODPÕQDJHOPLúWLU 7DúNÕUDQ 

.RVRYD¶QÕQ%D÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕLOHøOJLOL7HPPX]8OXVODU$UDVÕ$GDOHW'LYDQÕ.DUDUÕ

¶GDQ EX \DQD *YHQOLN .RQVH\L¶QLQ  VD\ÕOÕ NDUDUÕ JHUH÷LQFH %LUOHúPLú

0LOOHWOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ LGDUH HGLOHQ .RVRYD  ùXEDW  WDULKLQGH WHN WDUDIOÕ RODUDN

ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ LODQ HWPLú $YUXSD¶QÕQ  ONHVL ROPXúWXU %D÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQ DUGÕQGDQ

\DúDQDFDN JHOLúPHOHU µ.RVRYD¶QÕQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ KLoELU úHNLOGH NDEXO HWPH\HFH÷LQL¶

LIDGH HGHQ 6ÕUELVWDQ¶Õ NDSVDPDNOD VÕQÕUOÕ NDOPD\DFDN YH $UQDYXWODU DoÕVÕQGDQ µ%\N

$UQDYXWOXN¶ KHGHIOHULQL \HQLGHQ X\DQGÕUDFDN QLWHOLNWHGLU 6ÕUELVWDQ¶ÕQ EDúYXUXVX LOH

.RVRYD¶QÕQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕQ XOXVODUDUDVÕ KXNXND X\JXQOX÷XQX NRQX DODQ 8OXVODUDUDVÕ

$GDOHW 'LYDQÕ¶QÕQ ELOGLUJHVL IDUNOÕ ELU VRUXQX JQGHPH JHWLUPLúWLU  7HPPX] 

WDULKLQGHLONNH]ELUGHYOHWLQED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷Õ8OXVODUDUDVÕ$GDOHW'LYDQÕ¶QGDVRUJXODQPÕú

(23)

11

YHEHNOHQLOGL÷L]HUH.RVRYDLoLQWDYVL\HQLWHOL÷LQGHRODQNDUDUGXUXPXQXOXVODUDUDVÕ

KXNXNDD\NÕUÕROPDGÕ÷Õ\|QQGHDOÕQPÕúWÕU (Yantuna, 2010).

7HPPX]JQ8OXVODUDUDVÕ$GDOHW'LYDQÕ 8$' .RVRYDKNPHWLQLQ

\ÕOÕQGD WHN WDUDIOÕ RODUDN LODQ HWWL÷L ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕN NDUDUÕQÕQ XOXVODUDUDVÕ KXNXNX LKODO

HWPHGL÷LVRQXFXQDYDUGÕ dDNPDN 

1.2 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLP7DULKL*HOLúLPLYHg÷UHWPHQ.DGrosu

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QXQ\|QHWLPL.RVRYD¶GD0H\GDQ0XKDUHEHVL\OHEDúODUYH

\ÕOÕQDNDGDU2VPDQOÕ¶QÕQEXWRSUDNODUGDQJHULoHNLOPHVLQHNDGDUVUHU2VPDQOÕ

GHYOHWLQLQ DPDFÕ GL÷HU WRSUDN YH E|OJHOHULQGH ROGX÷X JLEL .RVRYD¶GD GD H÷LWLPL

JHUoHNOHúWLUPHN YH JHOLúWLUPHNWLU ¶GH Eski <XJRVODY\D .UDOOÕ÷Õ G|QHPLQGH

6ÕUELVWDQ.RVRYD¶\ÕLúJDOHWPLúWLU\ÕOÕQDNDGDUEXWRSUDNODUGDHQEHOLUJLQ|]HOOLN

UHVPL 7UN GLOLQGH H÷LWLPLQ \DSÕOPDPDVÕGÕU  \ÕOÕQGD LVH <XJRVODY\D¶QÕQ

NXUXOPDVÕ\ODELUOLNWH\LQH7UNoHH÷LWLPEDúODU$QD\DVDVÕ¶QGD.RVRYD¶GD7UNoH

UHVPLGLOROPDVÕQDUD÷PHQEXVUHoWH7UNoHH÷LWLPGHVRUXQODUo|]OHPHPLúWLU

\ÕOÕQGD .RVRYD %0 \|QHWLPL DOWÕQD JLUHU EX VUHo  ùXEDW  .RVRYD¶QÕQ

ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕLODQHWPHVLQHNDGDUGHYDPHtmektedir%X]DPDQÕQHQEHOLUJLQ|]HOOL÷L

7UNoH H÷LWLPLQ GHYDP HWPHVL oRN XOXVOX ELU WRSOXP YH GHPRNUDVLQLQ ROXúWXUXOPDVÕ

LoLQ VLYLO WRSOXP NXUXOXúODUÕQÕQ H÷LWLP VRUXQODUÕQÕQ o|]OPHVLQGH HWNLQ URO DOPDVÕGÕU

 1$72 PGDKDOHVLQGHQ VRQUD .RVRYD¶GD NXUXODQ %LUOHúPLú 0LOOHWOHU *HoLFL

0LV\RQX 810ø. oRN XOXVOX ELU GHPRNUDWLN WRSOXP JHOLúWLUPH\L DPDoODPÕúWÕU

KoVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPWDULKLVUHoLoLQGHG|UGQFG|QHPLQL\DúDPDNWDGÕU810ø.

\|QHWPHOL÷LH÷LWLP\DVDVÕQGD.RVRYD¶GD$UQDYXWoD6ÕUSoD%RúQDNoDYH7UNoHROPDN

]HUH G|UW GLOGH H÷LWLP \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU %X \DVDODUD J|UH .RVRYD¶GD KHU WRSOXOXN

QLYHUVLWHG]H\LQHNDGDUDQDGLOLQGHH÷LWLPJ|UPHKDNNÕQDVDKLSWLU .RUR 

.RVRYD3UL]UHQ¶GH2VPDQOÕ± 7UNoH(÷LWLPLQ7DULKVHO6UHFL

9ÕUPLoD  ³3UL]UHQGH 2VPDQOÕ 7UNoH (÷LWLPLQLQ 7DULKVHO 6UHFL´ 6OH\PDQ

5DEGREUDYD¶QÕQPDNDOHVLQGHQELUDOÕQWÕ

'|QHP I: XVII yy. ± XX. yy. EDúODQJÕFÕQD NDGDU NHQWWH H÷LWLP-|÷UHWLP JHOLúPHOHU

\ÕOÕQGD2VPDQOÕDVNHULNXYYHWL%DONDQ\DUÕPDGDVÕQDD\DNEDVÕ\RU\ÕOÕ0HULo

VDYDúÕQGDQ VRQUD YH  \ÕOÕQGD .RVRYD 0XKDUHEHVLQGHQ VRQUD 2VPDQOÕODU %DONDQ

(24)

12

\DUÕPDGDVÕQÕQ JQH\ YH JQH\GR÷X E|OJHOHULQLQ E\N NÕVPÕQÕ \|QHWLPL DOWÕQD DOÕU

2VPDQOÕODUÕQJHOPHVL\OHEXWRSUDNODUGDWRSOXPGH÷LúPHOHUHNRQRPLH÷LWLPYHNOWU

JHOLúPHOHULQ EDúODGÕ÷Õ J|UOPHNWHGLU 2VPDQOÕODU  \ÕOÕQGD 3UL]UHQ NHQWLQL GH

\|QHWLPLQH NDWDUDN EX NHQWWH NÕVD ELU VUHGH E\N NDONÕQPDODU JHUoHNOHúPLúWLU

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XWDUDIÕQGDQ\|QHWLPLDOWÕQGDEXOXQDQEXE|OJHOHUH|]HOGLQ\HUOHUL

\DQLFDPLLOHUoHúLWOLELQDODUYHHQIUDVWUNWU\HUOHULQúDHGLOPLúWLU.

%D]Õ ND\QDNODUD J|UH NHQWH LON\D]Õ RNXPD PHUNH]L 6X]L dHOHEL FDPLVLQGH

JHUoHNOHúPLúWLU 3UL]UHQ¶GH1DPD]JkKFDPLGHQVRQUDNXUXODQLNLQFLFDPL 

%X FDPLL NHQWLQ LON |÷UHWPHQL RODQ 6X]L dHOHEL WDUDIÕQGDQ - \ÕOODUÕQGD \DQL

;9,,\\EDúODQJÕFÕQGDLQúDHGLOPLúWLU6X]LdHOHELE\NHGHELúDKÕVRODUDNEXFDPLGH

KHPGLQKRFDVÕKHPGHH÷LWLP-|÷UHWLPKRFDOÕNJ|UHYLQL\UWPúWU

BXHGHELúDKÕV 6X]LdHOHEL EXFDPLGH\HWHUOLVD\ÕGD|÷UHQFLOHUHLONRODUDNGLQGHUVOHU

VRQUDEXGHUVOHUOHELUOLNWHGR÷DELOLPGHUVOHUPDWHPDWLNFR÷UDI\DWDULKYH\D]ÕRNXPDN

GHUVOHULQL |÷UHWL\RUPXú %XQD J|UH EX FDPLGH LOHUOHPLú ELU VHYL\HGH LOLP-|÷UHWLP

JHUoHNOHúL\RUGX

;9,\\VRQXQGD0HKPHW3DúDLGDUHVLWDUDIÕQGDQ0HGUHVH2NXOXoDOÕúPD\DEDúODWÕOPÕú

$\QÕúDKÕV0HKPHW3DúD&DPLL- RNXOXYHNHQWLQPHUNH]E|OPQGHKDPDPÕGDLQúD

HWPLúWLU\ÕOÕLVWDWLVWLNND\ÕWODUDJ|UH3UL]UHQ¶GHLONRNXO FDPLOHUGHYHHYOHUGH

oDOÕúDQRNXOODU RUWDRNXOPHGUHVHGHWRSODP|÷UHQFLRNX\RUYH|÷UHWPHQ

oDOÕúÕ\RUPXú'L÷HUNHQWOHUHNÕ\DVOD\DFDNROXUVDN3UL]UHQ¶GHRNXO|÷UHQFLYH|÷UHWPHQ

VD\ÕVÕHQID]OD\PÕú.

;,;\\.RVRYD9LOD\HWLQLQPHUNH]LRODQ3UL]UHQ¶GHED]ÕJD]HWHYHGHUJLOHU2VPDQOÕFD

YH7UNoHGLOLQGHEDVÕOPD\DEDúODPÕúWÕU\ÕOÕQGDNHQWWHLONEDVÕODQJD]HWH³3UL]UHQ´

DGÕQÕ WDúÕ\RUPXú 'DKD JHoOHUGH ,, 0HúUXWL\H¶WHQ VRQUD ³(QYD +UUL\HW´ YH ³<ÕOGÕ]´

GHUJLOHUL EDVÕOPDNWDGÕU ;; \]\ÕOÕQ EDúODQJÕFÕQGD ³<HQL 0HNWHS´ JD]HWHVL oÕNPD\D

EDúODPÕúWÕU %WQ EX JD]HWH YH GHUJLOHU EXUDGD \DúD\DQ XOXVODUÕQ WRSOXP HNRQRPL

H÷LWLPYHNOWUVHYL\HVLQL\DQVÕWPDNWD\GÕ

(25)

13

'|QHP,,-'|QHPLQGH.HQWH(÷LWLP- g÷UHWLP'XUXPX

;,; \\ VRQXQGD YH ;; \\ EDúODQJÕFÕQGD E\N 2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷XQGD ED]Õ

siyasi-DVNHUL JHUHNOLNOHU KLVVHGLOLQFH EX GXUXP %DONDQ \DUÕPDGDVÕQÕ GD HWNLVL DOWÕQD

DOPÕúWÕU\ÕOÕQGD,%DONDQVDYDúÕYH\ÕOOÕNLGDUHGHQVRQUD2VPDQOÕODU%DONDQ

\DUÕPDGDVÕQÕQ ELU NÕVPÕQGDQ oHNLOPHN ]RUXQGD NDOPÕúWÕU %X GXUXP RNXOODUÕQ

oDOÕúPDVÕQDGDN|WWHVLUHGHUYH3UL]UHQGH¶GH7UNoHYH$UQDYXWoDGLOLQGHH÷LWLPYHUHQ

RNXOODU oDOÕúPDODUÕQD DUD YHUPLúWir %LUNDo \ÕO VRQUD EX E|OJHGH %RúQDN-6ÕUS GLOLQGH

H÷LWLP YHUHQ RNXOODU oDOÕúPDODUÕQD EDúODU %LUoRN PVOPDQ DLOH oRFX÷XQXQ H÷LWLPL

DNDVDPDVÕQGL\H%RúQDN-6ÕUSGLOLQGHGHUVOHULQLJ|UPHVLQHL]LQYHUPHNWHGLU

'|QHP,,, \ÕOÕ\ÕOVRQUDDoÕODQ7Uk dilinde okullar

%LULQFL %DONDQ 6DYDúÕ¶QGD   %DONDQ øWWLIDNÕ NDUúÕVÕQGD 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ

\HQLOJL\H X÷UDPDVÕ VRQXFX .RVRYD 6ÕUELVWDQ .UDOOÕ÷Õ VÕQÕUODUÕ LoLQGH NDOPÕúWÕU Bu VL\DVL VRQXo EHUDEHULQGH 7UNOHU YH 0VOPDQODU DoÕVÕQGDQ SHN oRN VRV\DO NOWUHO

H÷LWLP VRUXQODUÕ JHWLUPLúWLU <]\ÕOODUGÕU %DONDQODUGD 7UNoH YH 7UNOHU KkNLP

NRQXPGD\NHQ VL\DVL ND\ÕSODUOD 7UNoH GH WDPDPHQ \DGVÕQÕU NRQXPD GúPúWU 'HUYLú2).

,,'Q\DVDYDúÕQGDQVRQUD.RVRYD¶GD$UQDYXWGLOLQGHRNXOODUoDOÕúPD\DGHYDPHGL\RU

7UN GLOLQGH LVH RNXOODUÕQ DoÕOPDVÕ LoLQ NDUDU JHWLULOPHPLúWLU <|QHWLP 7UN GLOLQGH

H÷LWPLQ JHUoHNOHPHVL EX XOXVD DLW \DSÕOPÕú ELU KDNVÕ]OÕN GúQFHVLQH VDKLSWL 'HYOet

\|QHWLFLOHUL7UNoHH÷LWLPH\DSÕODQ\DQOÕúÕQ\ÕOÕQGDIDUNÕQDYDUÕOÕr ve o zaman ki H\DOHW PHFOLVL  0DUW  WDULKLQGH 7UN GLOLQGH RNXOODUÕQ DoÕOPDVÕQÕQ NDQXQX

getirilPLúWLU 7UNoH RODUDN H÷LWLP YHUHQ RNXOODU 3UL]UHQ 3ULúWLQH øSHN 0LWURYLoD

9XoLWÕUQ *LODQ 'REÕUoDQ YH 0DPXúD¶GD oDOÕúPDODUÕQD EDúODPÕúWÕU 3UL]UHQ¶GH 

\ÕOÕQÕQ1LVDQD\ÕQGDED]ÕGHUVOHU7UNoHGLOLQGHJ|UOUNHQUHVPLGHUVOHULVH(\OO

\ÕOÕQGDEDúODPÕúWÕU 9ÕUPLoD 

2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ %DONDQODUGDQ oHNLOPHVL\OH 7UN oRFXNODUÕ NHQGL DQD GLOOHULQGH

|÷UHWLP J|UPHNWHQ \RNVXO NDOPDNWDGÕU. 1912 -  \ÕOODUÕ G|QHPLQGH .RVRYD¶da 7UNoH RNXOODUÕQ \RNOX÷X \]QGHQ 7UN oRFXNODUÕ 6ÕUSoD \D GD - \ÕOODUÕ

G|QHPLQGH$UQDYXWoD|÷UHQLPJ|UPHN]RUXQGDEÕUDNÕOPÕúWÕU ø÷FLOHU 

(26)

14

1.2.1 ¶GH Eski <XJRVODY\D¶GD%DúOD\DQ7UNoH(÷LWLP

\ÕOÕQGD3UL]UHQ¶GH.RVRYD¶QÕQ|QFHNLNHQWOHULQGHYH%URGRVDQN|\QGHNLPLOHUL

GDKD|QFHNLPLOHULGDKDVRQUDNL\ÕOODUGDEWQPHGUHVHOHUNDSDWÕOPÕúWÕU\ÕOÕQGD

Kosova %|OJHVLQGH GLQ J|UHYOLVL \HWLúWLUHFHN PHGUHVH \DQL RUWD PHGUHVH RNXOX

3ULúWLQH¶GH DoÕOPÕúWÕU )DNDW EX PHGUHVHGH H÷LWLP $UQDYXWoD GLOLQGH \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU

(TDK, 1999: 217).

Eski <XJRVODY\D¶GDNL 7UNOHULQ JHQHOOLNOH .RVRYD %|OJHVLQGH \DúDGÕNODUÕ LoLQ %|OJH

Halk Kurulunun Karar Komisyonu, Kosova-0HWRKL\Dg]HUN%|OJHVLQGH7UNoHH÷LWLP

J|UOHFHN RNXOODUÕQ DoÕOPDVÕ LOH LOJLOL ELU |QHUJH KD]ÕUOD\ÕS  0DUW  WDULKLQGH

G]HQOHQHQoQFG|QHP%|OJH+DON.XUXOXQXQ2OD÷DQ2WXUXPXQDEXNRPLV\RQ

V|]FV ùHINHW 0XVWDID WDUDIÕQGDQ VXQXOPXúWXU  (\OO  WDULKLQGH .RVRYD¶GD

7UNOHULQ\DúDGÕNODUÕNHQWYHN|\OHUGHNLRNXOODUGD7UNoHH÷LWLPYHULOHFHNVÕQÕIODUED]Õ

\HUOHUGH LVH RNXOODU oDOÕúPDODUÕQD EDúODPÕúWÕU %|\OHFH .RVRYD¶GD \DúD\DQ 7UNOHU GH

kendi ana dillerinGH|÷UHQLPJ|UPHKDNNÕQDNDYXúPXúWXU 7'. 

|÷UHWLP\ÕOÕQGD3UL]UHQ%HOHGL\HVLQGHELULQFLVÕQÕILNLQFLVÕQÕIoQF

VÕQÕIG|UGQFVÕQÕIWRSODPVÕQÕI7UNGLOL]HUHoDOÕúPDNWDGÕU%XG|QHPGH

VÕQÕIWDWRSODP|÷UHQFL|÷UHQLPJ|Umektedir (TDK, 1999: 222).

.RVRYD¶GD NL H÷LWLP GXUXPX  VRQUDVÕ 6ÕUSODU 3ULúWLQH YH 3UL]UHQ¶GHNL ELUNDo

PHGUHVH GÕúÕQGD .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLP \DVDNODQPÕúWÕ ¶WH LVH 7UNoH H÷LWLP

WDPDPHQ NDOGÕUÕOPÕúWÕU 7UNOHULQ .RVRYD¶GDNL KXNXNL YDUOÕ÷Õ DQFDN ¶GH WDQÕQGÕ

$VOÕQGD¶WHEski <XJRVODY\D)HGHUDV\RQXQXQNXUXOPDVÕQGDQVRQUDWPD]ÕQOÕNODU

NHQGL GLOOHULQGH |÷UHQLP J|UPH KDNNÕQÕ HOGH HWPLúWL $QFDN ¶H NDGDU RNXOODUGD

6ÕUSoD RNXPDN ]RUXQGD NDODQ 7UNOHU EX WDULKWHQ VRQUD $UQDYXWoD RNXPD\D

]RUODQGÕODU7UNOHU7UNoHH÷LWLPKDNNÕQÕDOWÕ\ÕOJHFLNPHLOHHOGHHGLOPLúWLU. Ancak 5 (\OO ¶GHQ LWLEDUHQ 7UNOHU oR÷XQOXN ROGXNODUÕ \HUOHUGH NHQGL RNXOODUÕQÕ NXUPD

KDNNÕQÕHOGHHWWPLúWLU.RVRYD \ÕOÕVRQUDVÕ %0DOWÕQD JLUPHVL YHùXEDW

WDULKLQGH ED÷ÕPVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕ LODQ HWPHVL LOH  '|QHPLQL \DúDPDNWD RODQ .RVRYD 7UNoH

H÷LWLPL YH .RVRYD 7UNOHUL KHU H÷LWLP DúDPDVÕQGD NHQGL RNXOODUÕQD VDKLSWLU 3UL]UHQ

0DPXúD 3ULúWLQH *LODQ 'REÕUoDQ YH 9ÕoÕWÕUQ¶GD WRSODP ¶H \DNÕQ 7UN

|÷UHQFLVLQLQGHYDPHWWL÷LDQDRNXOXLONRNXOOLVH3ULúWLQHhQLYHUVLWHVL¶QHED÷OÕ

(27)

15

)LORORMLIDNOWHVLQGH7UN'LOL(GHEL\DWÕE|OPYH3UL]UHQ(÷LWLPIDNOWHVLQGH6ÕQÕI

g÷UHWPHQOL÷LYH0DWHPDWLN(QIRUPDWLNE|OPOHULEXOXQPDNWDGÕU 7DúNÕUDQ9: 24).

1.3 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLPGHg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX

(÷LWLPL ELU VLVWHP RODUDN HOH DODQ ELOLP DGDPODUÕ EX VLVWHPLQ o WHPHO \HVLQLQ

|÷UHQFL |÷UHWPHQ YH H÷LWLP SURJUDPODUÕ ROGX÷XQX EHOLUWPHNWHGLU %X o |÷H H÷LWLP

VLVWHPLQL\|QOHQGLUHQYHELoLPOHQGLUHQ|QHPOLROJXODUGÕU(÷LWLPLQQLWHOLNOLRODELOPHVL

KHU G]H\ YH DODQGD QLWHOLNOL LQVDQ JFQQ \HWLúWLUHELOPHVL EX |÷HOHU DUDVÕQGDNL

LOLúNLQLQ X\XPOX YH VD÷OÕNOÕ ROPDVÕQD ED÷OÕ J|UOPHNWHGLU %X |÷HOHU DUDVÕQGD

|÷UHWPHQLQ |÷UHQFL YH H÷LWLP SURJUDPODUÕQÕ HWNLOHPH JF GL÷HUOHULQH RUDQOD GDKD

ID]ODGÕU dQN |÷UHQFL H÷LWLP VÕUDVÕQGD |÷UHWPHQOH YH RQXQ G]HQOHGL÷L oHYUH LOH

HWNLOHúLPGHEXOXQXU 6PEO$NW7RSVDNDOYH.RUR 

$QFDN |÷UHWPHQ H÷LWLPL \|QOHQGLUHQ YH ELoLPOHQGLUHQ HQ |QHPOL HWPHQ ROPDVÕQD

NDUúÕQ .RVRYD¶GD EDúODQJÕoWDQ EX JQH NDGDU 7UNoH H÷LWLP-|÷UHWLP LoLQ |÷UHWPHQ

\HWLúWLULOPHVLQHE\N|QHPYHULOPHPLúWLU 6DIoÕYH.RUR 

1.3.1 .RVRYD¶GD2VPDQOÕ'|QHPLQGHg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX

.RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLP - |÷UHWLP ;9 <]\ÕOÕQ LNLQFL \DUÕVÕQGD 2VPDQOÕ \|QHWLP

RUJDQODUÕ\DQÕVÕUD7UNoHH÷LWLPNXUXPODUÕNXUXOPDVÕ\ODEDúODPÕúWÕU

.RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLPLQ NXUXPX LoLQ LON \D]ÕOÕ EHOJH  \ÕOÕQGD \D]ÕODQ 6X]L

dHOHEL 9DNÕIQDPHVL¶GLU hQO ELU 7UN úDLUL GH RODQ 6X]L dHOHEL 9DNÕIQDPHVL¶QGH

3UL]UHQ¶GH ELU FDPL FDPLQLQ ELWLúL÷LQGH ELU PHNWHS \DSWÕ÷ÕQÕ YH PHNWHEH NLWDSODU

YDNIHWWL÷LQLEHOLUWPHNWHGLU .DOHúL$NW7RSVDNDOYH.RUR 

2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QGH FDPLOHU ELU LEDGHW \HULQGHQ EDúND ELUHU H÷LWLP PHUNH]L LGL

.RVRYD¶GD;9<]\ÕOÕQLNLQFL\DUÕVÕQGD.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPGH\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕRODVÕOÕ÷Õ

E\NWU ;9, <]\ÕOÕQ LNLQFL \DUÕVÕQGD EDúOD\DUDN 3UL]UHQ¶GHQ EDúND .RVRYD¶QÕQ

GL÷HU NHQWOHULQGH oR÷XQOXNOD FDPLOHULQ ELWLúL÷LQGH VÕE\DQ PHNWHSOHUL YH PHGUHVHOHULQ

inúD HGLOPHVL oRN VD\ÕGD oRFX÷XQ 7UNoH H÷LWLP - |÷UHWLP \DSWÕ÷ÕQÕ NDQÕWODPDNWDGÕU

(Topsakal ve Koro, 2007: 21).

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QGDGROD\ÕVÕ\OD.RVRYD¶GDGD7DQ]LPDWG|QHPLQHNDGDU -

  7UNoH H÷LWLP YH |÷UHWLP VÕE\DQ PHNWHSOHULQGH YH PHGUHVHlerde

(28)

16

JHUoHNOHúmektedir2VPDQOÕODUÕQLON|÷UHWLPVHYL\HVLQGHNLRNXOODUDJHQHORODUDN³VÕE\DQ

PHNWHEL´ YH\D PDKDOOH PHNWHEL GHQLOPHNWHGLU 6ÕE\DQ RNXOODUÕQD ³PHNWHS´ YH\D

³NWWDE´ GD GHQLOL\RUGX 6ÕE\DQ NoN HUNHN oRFXN DQODPÕQD JHOHQ ³VDEL´ QLQ

oR÷XOXGXU .WWDS YH\D PHNWHE ³\D]Õ |÷UHWLOHQ \HU´ DQPDOÕQD JHOLU .WWDE YH\D

PHWN\HS |÷UHWPHQOHULQH ³PXDOOLP´ GHQLOLmektedir. Muallimler genellikle o mahalle YH\D FDPLLQ LPDPÕ ROXUODU LPDPODUÕQ HúOHUL GH NÕ] |÷UHQFLOHULQH |÷UHWPHQOLN

yapPDNWDGÕU (UJQ).

0HGUHVHOHUGHVÕE\DQPHNWHSOHULQLELWLUHQOHU\DGDHQD]RNDGDU|]HOELU|÷UHQLPJ|UHQ

HUNHN |÷UHQFLOHU JLWtL÷L J|UOPHNWHGLU g÷UHQFL VD\ÕVÕ YDNÕI úDUWODUÕQD ELQDQÕQ

E\NO÷QH YH G|QHPOHUH J|UH GH÷LúPHNOH EHUDEHU JHQHOOLNOH ELU PHGUHVHGH WP

|÷UHQFLVD\ÕVÕ-¶XJHoPHPLúWLU $N\] 

;,; \]\ÕOÕQLNLQFL \DUÕVÕQGD6XOWDQ ,,$EGOKDPLWG|QHPLQGHUúGL\HGHQLOHQRUWD

H÷LWLPLQJHOLúLPLQH.RVRYDYLOD\HWLQGHGH|QHPYHULOPLúWLU3ULúWLQH¶GHUúGL\HRNXOX

\ÕOÕQGDNXUXOPXúWX.RVRYD¶GDUúGL\HOHULQVD\ÕVÕ\ÕOÕQGD¶\HoÕNPÕúWÕU,,

$EGOKDPLW G|QHPLQGH LVH .RVRYD¶GD  UúGL\H RNXOX LQúD HGLOPLúWLU 5HFHSDJLo

$NW7RSVDNDOYH6RIR÷OX 

7UN H÷LWLP WDULKLQGH |÷UHWPHQ \HWLúWLUPH VRUXQX ;,; <]\ÕO RUWDODUÕQD JHOLQFH\H

NDGDU RNXOODúPDPÕúWÕU %X G|QHPGH PHGUHVHOHU KHP DGDOHW PHNDQL]PDVÕQÕ KHP GLQ

DGDPDODUÕQÕQYH³VÕE\DQPHNWHSOHULPXDOOLPOHUL´QLQYHPHGUHVH|÷UHWLPHOHPDQODUÕQÕQ

\HWLúPHVLQGHKHPHQKHPHQWHNND\QDNROPXúODUGÕ

2NXOODUD|÷UHWPHQ\HWLúWLUPHNLoLQLON|QFH\ÕOÕQGDøVWDQEXO¶GD'DUOPXDOOLPLQ-i 5úGLDoÕOPÕúWÕUGDKDVRQUDLVH\ÕOÕQGDLONRNXO|÷UHWPHQOHUL\HWLúWLUPHNLoLQELU

³'DUOPXDOOLPLQ-L6ÕE\DQ´NXUXOPXúWXU*HQHO(÷LWLP<|QHWPHOL÷LQGHGH 0DULI- i Umumiyye Nizamnamesi) bir b\N'DUOPXDOOLPLQNXUXOPDVÕ|QJ|UO\RUGX%XQD

J|UHEXRNXOoúXEHGHQROXúDFDNWÕ5úGL\H øGDGL\HYH6XOWDQL\H%XoFLQV RNXOD

|÷UHWPHQ \HWLúWLUHFHN E\N 'DUOPXDOOLP¶LQ \|QHWLFLVLQH 'DUOPXDOLPLQ-L 6ÕE\DQ¶ÕQ

\|QHWLPL GH YHULOPLúWL $\QÕ \|QHWPHOLN 6ÕE\DQ YH 5úGL\H RNXOODUÕQD |÷UHWPHQ

\HWLúWLUHFHN ELU .Õ] g÷UHWPHQ 2NXOX 'DUOPXDOLPPDW  NXUXOPDVÕQÕ GD |QJ|U\RUGX

<|QHWPHOLNPDGGHOHULQHJ|UH\ÕOÕQGDDoÕODQ'DUOPXDOOLPDWo\ÕO|÷UHWLPVUHOL

KHPVÕE\DQRNXOODUÕQDKHPGHNÕ]UúGL\HOHULQH|÷UHWPHQ\HWLúWLUHQELUNXUXPRODUDN

GHYDPHWWL2NXOODUDJHUHNHQ|÷UHWPHQNDGURVX\HWLúWLUPHNYH.RVRYD¶GDH÷LWLPGH\HQL

(29)

17

PHWRGODUÕQ X\JXODQDUDN H÷LWLPLQ PRGHUQL]H HWWLULOPHVL LoLQ 2VPDQOÕ +NPHWL 

\ÕOÕQGD ELU g÷UHWPHQ 2NXOX (÷LWLP )DNOWHVL  DoÕOPDVÕQD NDUDU DOPÕúWÕU 6RIXR÷OX

2006: 18).

%X NDUDUD GD\DQDUDN .RVRYD 9LOD\HWL¶QLQ 3ULúWLQH NHQWLQGH GDKD  \ÕOÕQGD

'DUOPXDOOLPLQ-L6ÕE\DQDoÕOPÕúWÕU%XKXVXVODLOJLOLELULUDGH-i saniyede, okulun gayesi

³.RVRYDYLOD\HWLQGHNLKRFDODUD\HQLXOXVXQ|÷UHWLOPHVLYH\HQLKRFDODU\HWLúWLULOPHVL´

úHNOLQGH LIDGH HGLOPLúWLU %XQD J|UH 3ULúWLQH 'DUOPXDOOLPLQ-L 6ÕE\DQ¶ÕQD KHP \HQL

|÷UHWPHQ \HWLúWLUPHN KHP GH PHYFXW |÷UHWPHQOHUH NXUV YHUPHN JLEL LNL J|UHY

YHULOPLúWLU $\QÕ YHVLNDGDQ 3ULúWLQH¶GH X\JXODPD RNXOX ROarak bir de numune iptidai RNXOXDoÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕKDWWD)DWLKLSWLGDLRNXOX|÷UHWPHQOHULQGHQ+VH\LQ(IHQGL¶QLQEXUD\D

 NXUXú PDDúOD WD\LQ HGLOGL÷L J|UOPHNWHGLU $\UÕFD 3ULúWLQH 'DUOPXDOOLPLQ-i 6ÕE\DQL ³0HNDWLE-L kOL\H´ GHQ VD\ÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDQ RNXOXQ PDDú YH GL÷HU PDVUDIODUÕQÕQ

NDUúÕODQPDVÕLoLQPDDULIEWoHVLQGHQWDKVLVDWD\UÕOPÕúWÕU 6DIoÕYH.RUR  1.3.2 .RVRYD¶GD;;<]\ÕOGDg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX

%DONDQ VDYDúODUÕ\OD 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ %DONDQODUGDQ oHNilmesiyle 6ÕUELVWDQ

'HYOHWL¶QLQ LúJDOL DOWÕQD GúHQ YH .RVRYD¶GD \DúDPD\D GHYDP HGHQ 7UNOHU¶LQ WP

XOXVDOKDNYH|]JUONOHULQHVRQYHULOPLúWLU;;<]\ÕOÕQEDúODQJÕFÕQGD -1912) 2VPDQOÕ G|QHPLQGH oRN VD\ÕGD H÷LWLP NXUXPODUÕQGDQ \DUDUODQDELOPH LPNkQÕQD VDKLS

EXOXQDQ.RVRYD7UNOHUL%DONDQ6DYDúÕVRQUDVÕQGDXOXVDONLPOLNOHULQLQ\DGVÕQPDVÕ\OD

ELUOLNWH EWQ EX VDKLS ROGXNODUÕ H÷LWLP-|÷UHWLP NXUXPODUÕQGD GD ELUGHQELUH \RNVXQ

NDOPÕúODUGÕU %LULQFL 'Q\D 6DYDúÕ¶QGDQ VRQUD GD NXUXODQ Eski Yugoslavya 'HYOHWL¶QGHQ GROD\ÕVÕ\OD oR÷XQOXNOD .RVRYD 6DQFDN YH 0DNHGRQ\D¶GDQ 0VOPDQ

DKDOLQLQ7UNL\H¶\HJ|oHWPHVL7UNoHH÷LWLPLQ\DSÕOPDPDVÕ6ÕUSoDLVHoRND]VD\ÕGD

7UN |÷UHQFLOHULQLQ |÷UHQLP J|UPHVL QHGHQOHUL\OH .RVRYD 7UNOHULQLQ H÷LWLP-NOWU

VD\HVLQGHELUJHULOHPHPH\GDQDJHOPLúWLU 6DIoÕYH.RUR 

BirLQFL%DONDQ6DYDúÕ¶QGDQ-\ÕOÕQDNDGDU.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLP- |÷UHWLP

\DSÕODPDPVÕQGDQGROD\Õ|÷UHWPHQOHULQ\HWLúWLULOPHVLGXUGXUXOPXúWXUøNL'Q\D6DYDúÕ

DUDVÕQGD .RVRYD¶GD DQDGLOLQGH UHVPL RNXOODUÕQ oDOÕúPDPDVÕ LOH $UQDYXW YH 7UN

oRFXNODUÕ |]HO VÕE\DQ PHNWHSOHUL YH PHGUHVHOHULQGH |÷UHQLP J|UPHN ]RUXQGD

NDOPÕúODUGÕU

(30)

18

.RVRYD¶GD7UNNLPOL÷L\ÕOÕQGDQWDQÕQPDNODELUOLNWH\ÕODUDGDQVRQUD\HQLGHQ

7UNoH H÷LWLP YH |÷UHWLP \DSÕOPD\D EDúODPÕúWÕU  0DUW  WDULKLQGH G]HQOHQHQ

hoQF G|QHP %|OJH +DON .XUXOX¶QXQ LNLQFL VÕUDOÕ RWXUXPXQGD 7UNoH H÷LWLP YH

|÷UHWLPLQ EDúODPDVÕ\OD LOJLOL DOÕQDQ NDUDU  1LVDQ  \ÕOÕQGD ³5HVPL *D]HWH´GH

\D\ÕQODQPÕúYHKHPHQ\UUO÷HJLUPLúWLU 6XUR\ 116).

 |÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD 7UNoH |÷UHQLP J|UPHN LoLQ LON|÷UHWLP YH OLVH RNXOODUÕQD

ND\ÕWODU \DSÕOPÕúWÕU  |÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD .RVRYD¶QÕQ 3UL]UHQ 3ULúWLQH *LODQ

0LWURYLoD øSHN úHKLUOHULQGH YH 0DPXúD 'REÕUoDQ .RVRYD  YH %LODo 6ÕUELVWDQ  N|\QGH7UNLONRNXOODUÕDoÕOPÕúWÕU (TDK, 1999: 235).

\ÕOÕQGD7UNoH|÷UHWLP\DSÕOPD\DEDúODGÕ÷ÕVÕUDGDKHPHQKLoELU|÷UHWPHQJHUHNHQ

kafileye sahip ROPDGÕ÷ÕLoLQ\NVHNRNXOYH\DIDNOWHPH]XQXGH÷LOGL.RVRYD¶QÕQDOWÕ

NHQWYHLNLN|\QGH7UNoH\DSÕODFDNRODQH÷LWLPH|÷UHWPHQVD÷ODPDNDPDFÕ\OD

\ÕOÕQÕQ \D]D\ODUÕQGDhVNS¶Q³1LNROD.DUHY´ |÷UHWPHQRNXOXQGD|÷UHWPHQNXUVODUÕ

G]HQOHQmekte idi.

 \ÕOÕQGD LVH .RVRYD¶GDQ  |÷UHQFL hVNS¶WHNL g÷UHWPHQ 2NXOX¶QD ND\GÕQÕ

\DSWÕUPÕúWÕU %X RNXOX DQFDN  |÷UHQFL  \ÕOÕQGD ELWLUPH\L EDúDUPÕúWÕU

.RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLP YH |÷UHWLPLQ LKWL\DoODUÕQÕ NDUúÕODPDN DPDFÕ\OD 

|÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD 3UL]UHQ¶LQ ³&HYGHW 'RGD´ <NVHN 3HGDJRML 2NXOX¶QGD 7UN GLOL YH

HGHEL\DWÕ E|OP ³'LPLWUL\H 7XFRYLo´ g÷UHWPHQ RNXOXQGD ELU NDUPD VÕQÕI 6ÕUS

%RúQDN.DUDGD÷OÕYH7UN|÷UHQFLOHUGHQ YH|÷UHWLP\ÕOÕQGDLVHVDGHFH7UN

|÷UHQFLOHUGHQROXúDQELUVÕQÕIDoÕOPÕúWÕU 7'. 

.RVRYD¶GDNL 7UNoH H÷LWLP YHUHQ RNXOODUD |÷UHWPHQ NDGURVX \HWLúWLUPHN LoLQ 

\ÕOÕQGD \D\JÕQ H÷LWLPH EDúYXUXOPXúWXU %|\OHFH .RVRYD¶GDQ \DNODúÕN  |÷UHWPHQ

DGD\ÕhVNS1LNROD.DUHYg÷UHWPHQ2NXOXQDJ|QGHULOPLúWLUøOHULNL\ÕOODUGDRNXOODUGD

|÷UHQFL VD\ÕVÕ DUWÕQFD NXUVODUD NDWÕODQ |÷UHWPHQ VD\ÕVÕ GD DUWPÕúWÕU  |÷UHWLP

\ÕOÕQGDQ VRQUD .RVRYD¶GD 3ULúWLQH YH 3UL]UHQ NHQWLQGH G]HQOHQHQ \D] |÷UHWPHQ

NXUVODUÕQGDGD|÷UHWPHQ\HWLúWLULOPH\HEDúODPÕúWÕU (TDK, 1999: 237).

1962 - \ÕOODUÕG|QHPLQGHoDOÕúDQ3UL]UHQg÷UHWPHQ2NXOXQD|÷UHQFLND\GÕQÕ

\DSPÕúWÕU g÷UHWPHQ RNXOXQD ND\ÕW \DSWÕUDQ  |÷UHQFLGHQ  |÷UHQFL PH]XQ

olmuúWXU 19¶OÕ \ÕOODUÕQ VRQODUÕQGD YH ¶OL \ÕOODUGD .RVRYD 7UN JHQoOHUL 6ÕUSoD

(31)

19

QLYHUVLWHYH<32|÷UHQLPJ|UHUHN.RVRYD¶GD7UNoHH÷LWLPLoLQNDGURODU\HWLúPLúWLU

(TDK, 1999: 217).

1.3.3 .RVRYD¶GD;;,<]\ÕOGDg÷UHWPHQ.DGURVX

\ÕOÕQGD7UNL\H³%\Ng÷UHQFL3URMHVL´¶QLX\JXODPD\DEDúODPDNOD.RVRYD¶GD

7UNoH|÷UHQLPJ|UHQOLVHOHUGHQPH]XQRODQJHQoOHU7UNL\HQLYHUVLWHOHULQGH|÷UHQLP

J|UPH\H EDúODPÕúODU %X |÷UHQFLOHU ;;, <]\ÕOÕQ LON \ÕOODUÕQGD QLYHUVLWHOHUL YH

\NVHN RNXOODUÕ ELWLUPHNOH .RVRYD¶GD 7UNoH H÷LWLPL LoLQ JHUHNHQ NDGUR \HWLúPH\H

EDúODPÕúWÕU

 |÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD 3UL]]UHQ¶GH (÷LWLP )DNOWHVL EQ\HVLQGH 7UNoH 6ÕQÕI

g÷UHWPHQOL÷LE|OPDoÕOPÕúWÕU%XE|OPGH|÷UHWLP\ÕOÕQGDLONPH]XQODUÕQÕ

YHUPHNOH |÷UHWPHQ NDGURVX \HWLúPH\H EDúODPÕúWÕU  |÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQGD \DSÕODQ

LQFHOHPHOHUH J|UH .RVRYD LON YH RUWD|÷UHWLP RNXOODUÕQGD 7UNL\H &XPKXUL\HWL

hQLYHUVLWHOHULQGH PH]XQ RODQ  |÷UHWPHQLQ oDOÕúWÕ÷Õ J|UOPHNWHGLU 6DIoÕ YH .RUR

2008: 34).

.RVRYD¶QÕQ JHQHOLQGH  VÕQÕI |÷UHWPHQL ilH  EUDQú |÷UHWPHQL WRSODP  olmak

]HUH X\JXODQPÕúWÕU .RVRYD RNXOODUÕQGD \DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDODUD J|UH EX ONHGH 7UN

GLOLQGH  LON|÷UHWLP YH  RUWDRNXOGD 4 |÷UHWPHQ oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU .RVRYD¶GD 7UN

GLOLQGH oDOÕúDQ 4 |÷UHWPHQGHQ  \D GD  35,29 orDQÕQGD QLYHUVLWH  \D GD 

RUDQÕQGD \NVHNRNXOYH \DGD  RUDQÕQGD|÷UHWPHQRNXOXYH\DOLVH

PH]XQODUÕGÕU%X|÷UHWPHQOHULPL]GHQRUDQÕQGD± \DúDUDVÕRUDQÕQGD

20 ± \DúDUDVÕ30 RUDQÕQGD± \DúDUDVÕYHRUDQÕQGD± \DúDUDVÕ

ROPDN]HUHEHOLUOHQPLúWLU 6DIoÕYH.RUR .

Prizren¶GH .RVRYD 7UN g÷UHWPHQOHU 'HUQH÷L  WDULKLQGH NXUXOPXúWur.

AradaQ LNL \ÕO JHoWLNWHQ VRQUD 7UN g÷UHWPHQOHU 'HUQH÷L EX LNL \ÕO LoLQGH 7UNoH

H÷LWLPGH oHúLWOL VRUXQODUOD NDUúÕODúDUDN RQODUD o|]P EXOPDNWD E\N PFDGHOHler veriOPLúWLU ø÷FLOHU 

1.4 .RVRYD¶GD7UNoH(÷LWLP± g÷UHWLP

ùDQOÕ (2004), .RVRYD¶GD GHYDP HGHQ 7UNoH H÷LWLPLQ NDOLWHVL PHYFXW VRUXQODU YH

JHUHNoHOHULni DúD÷ÕGDVÕUDODPÕúWÕU

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

Onu, sakınanlara, zekâtı verenlere ve âyetlerimize

Aşağıdaki görsellerin isimlerini heceleyerek söyleyiniz.. İçinde J-j sesi geçen

It is well known that in a Lorentzian Manifold we can find three types of submanifolds: Space-like (or Riemannian), time-like (Lorentzian) and light-like (degenerate or null),

The present study confirms that anaerobic bacteria are an important component of the bacterial flora in chronic otitis media.. The aerobic organisms recovered

[r]

(1998) Evaluation of safety management systems and safety weighting policy, In: 9th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process

Kıyasın gerekliliği ile ilgili olarak ileri sürülen ve İbn Hazm tarafindan reddedilen diğer bir delil ise telefedilen şeylerin tazmin edilmesi, misl-i mihir, nafaka

[r]