Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden Türkiye Türkçesine söz varlığındaki değişmeler ve anlam olayları, 1. cilt

T.C.

SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ

ESKİ OĞUZ TÜRKÇESİNDEN TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNE SÖZ VARLIĞINDAKİ DEĞİŞMELER VE ANLAM

OLAYLARI BİRİNCİ CİLT

DOKTORA TEZİ

Emine ATMACA

Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı

Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Vahit TÜRK

BEYAN

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Emine ATMACA 08. 07. 2011

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Emine ATMACA 08.07.2011

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KISALTMALAR ... iv

ù(.ø//ø67(6ø ... xiii

g=(7 ... xiv

SUMMARY ... xv

*ø5øù ... 1

%g/h07$5ø+Ì'g1(0/(59(6g=9$5/,ö, ... 9

1.1. (VNL2÷X]7UNoHVLQGHQ7UNL\H7UNoHVLQH.DGDU7DULKL'|QHPOHU ... 9

(VNL2÷X]7UNoHVL;,,,-XV. yy.) ... 9

1.1.1.1. 6HOoXNOXODU'|QHPL;,,-XIV. yy) ... 10

1.1.1.2. $QDGROX%H\OLNOHUL'|QHPL;,,,-XV. yy.) ... 12

1.1.1.3. 2VPDQOÕ7UNoHVL ... 14

%DúODQJÕo'|QHPL2VPDQOÕ7UNoHVL;9- XVI. yy.) ... 14

.ODVLN'|QHPL2VPDQOÕ7UNoHVL;9,- XIX. yy.) ... 17

1.1.1.3.3. <HQLOHúPH'|QHPL2VPDQOÕ7UNoHVL;,;-XX. yy.) ... 19

%XJQN7UNL\H7UNoHVL;;-)... 20

1.2. (VNL2÷X]7UNoHVLYH6RQUDNL'|QHPOHUGH.XOODQÕOÕSGD6WDQGDUW7UNL\H 7UNoHVLQGH.XOODQÕOPD\DQ.HOLPHOHU ... 21

2. %g/h0'ø/'ø/ %ø/ø0ø, ANLAM %ø/ø0ø ... 476

2.1. Dil ve Dil Bilimi ... 477

2.2. Anlam Bilimi ... 482

$QODPYH$QODP$ODQÕ ... 489

.DYUDPYH.DYUDP$ODQÕ ... 491

2.2.3. Temel Anlam ... 492

2.2.4. Yan Anlam ... 493

%g/h0$1/$0'(öøù0(/(5ø1'(9(<$<$1$1/$0/$5,1 *(/øù0(6ø1'((7.ø/ø2/$1$1/$02/$</$5, ... 507

3.1. Benzetme ... 507

3.2. Aktarma ... 508

'H\LP$NWDUPDVÕ ... 509

$G$NWDUPDVÕ ... 515

dRN$QODPOÕOÕN ... 517

(ú$QODPOÕOÕN ... 522

$OW$QODPOÕOÕN ... 527

hVW$QODPOÕOÕN ... 529

3DUoDOÕN ± 3DUoD- %WQøOLúNLVL ... 530

3.8. %WQON ... 532

(úg|VWHUHQOLOLN ... 532

=ÕW AQODPOÕOÕN ... 543

%D÷ODP ... 550

%D÷GDúWÕUPD... 551

%g/h0$1/$0'(öøù0(/(5ø ... 553

4.1. Anlam 'H÷LúPHVL ... 553

$QODP'DUDOPDVÕ ... 554

g]HOOHúPH ... 610

$QODP*HQLúOHPHVL ... 620

*HQHOOHúPH ... 1145

0HFD]ODúPD ... 1152

.RPúXOXN ... 1326

4.1.5. Eksiltme ... 1332

4.1.6. Tabu ... 1338

4.1.7. Argo ... 1350

%DúND$QODPD*HoLú ... 1374

<DNÕQ$QODPD*HoLú ... 1376

8]DN$QODPD*HoLú ... 1475

=ÕW$QODPD*HoLú ... 1509

$QODPø\LOHúPHVL ... 1514

$QODP.|WOHúPHVL ... 1522

$QODP'H÷LúPHOHULQLQ6HEHSleri vH*HOLúLPL... 1527

SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER ... 1534 KAYNAKLAR ... 1540 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ... 1559

KISALTMALAR

(7$5$1$1(6(5/(5ø1 <h=<,/6,5$6,1$*g5(/ø67(6ø)

%+0ø+ : (12. yy.) 0XVWDID&$132/$7%HKFHW¶O- KDGk¶LNILPHYL]HWL¶O- KDOk\ÕN 'RNWRUDdDOÕúPDVÕ*LULú-<D]Õ g]HOOLNOHUL- 6HVg]HOOLNOHUL

±6|]\D]ÕOÕúÕ- 6|]%|OPOHUL- 'L]LQWH]L\|QHWHQ3URI'U6DDGHW

d$ö$7$<$QNDUD

ATDM : (13. yy.) 0HFGXW 0$16852ö/8 $QDGROX 7UNoHVL ;,,, $VÕU 'HKKDQv YH 0DQ]XPHOHUL %UKDQHGGLQ (UHQOHU 0DWEDDVÕ, øVWDQEXO

1947

ø0 : (13±15. yy) +DVDQ <h.6(/ + øEUDKLP '(/ø&( ø +DNNÕ

$.62<$. (VNL $QDGROX 7UNoHVLQH øOLúNLQ %LU 0HWLQ øVODPv¶QLQ

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<D\ÕQODUÕ, Ankara 2004

ETT : (13±\\DUDVÕ) Faruk KaGUL7ø0857$ù(VNL7UNL\H7UNoHVL

Gramer-Metin-6|]ON(QGHUXQ.LWDEHYLøVWDQEXO

TAS : (13± \\ DUDVÕ) ;,, <]\ÕOGDQ %HUL 7UNL\H 7UNoHVL\OH

<D]ÕOPÕú .LWDSODUGDQ 7RSODQDQ 7DQÕNODUÕ\OD 7DUDPD 6|]ONOHUL

7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ, Ankara 1996.

TASC : (13± \\ DUDVÕ) &HP 'ø/dø1 <HQL 7DUDPD 6|]O÷ TDK

<D\ÕQODUÕ, Ankara1983

Man. Tayr. : (1317 yy) .HPDO <$98= *OúHKUL¶QLQ 0DQWÕNX¶W¶7D\U¶Õ *OúHQ- 1kPH±0HWLQYH*QP]7UNoHVLQH$NWDUPD$QNDUD

NH : (4 Receb 732 (1 Nisan 1332)  \\ LON \DUÕVÕ $]PL %ø/*ø1

1D]P¶O- +LOkIL\\DW7HUFPHVL7'.<D\ÕQDODUÕAnkara 1996

MT : ( \\ LNLQFL \DUÕVÕ =H\QHS .25.0$= 6DGUX¶G- GvQ

ùH\KR÷OX 0DU]€EkQ-QkPH 7HUFPHVL øQFHOHPH-Metin-6|]ON- 7ÕSNÕEDVÕP$QNDUDhQLYHUVLWHVL'LOYH7DULK&R÷UDI\D)DNOWHVL

<D\ÕQODUÕ Ankara 1973

YED : (14. yy) 0XVWDID 7$7d, <XQXV (PUH 'LYDQÕ 7HQNLWOL 0HWLQ

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YED/RN : (14. yy) 0XVWDID 7$7d, <XQXV (PUH 'LYDQÕ ,,, 5LVkOHW¶Q- 1XVKL\\H .OWU %DNDQOÕ÷Õ <D\ÕQODUÕ Ankara 1991 DAH : (14. yy) 7DOkW 21$< 'DVWkQ-Õ $KPHW +DUDPL 0HWLQ-6|]ON

øEUDKLP+RUR]%DVÕPHYL, øVWDQEXO

SN : (14. yy) &HP'ø/dø16KH\O1HY- %DKkULQFHOHPH- metin-V|]ON 7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

0ù : (14. yy) =DIHU g1/(5 &HODOGGLQ +Õ]ÕU +DFÕ 3DúD 0QWDKDE-Õ

ùLID6LPXUJ<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXO

EM : (1387 (?) 14. yy) Mustafa CANPOLAT- =DIHU g1/(5 øVKkN ELQ

MXUkG(GYL\H-L0IUHGH7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

GN : (M. 1329) =HNL.$<0$=ÆúÕN3DúD*DULE-1kPH'LOg]HOOLNOHUL- .ÕVPv 7UDQVNULSVL\RQ- 6|] 'L]LQL <D\ÕPODQPDPÕú 'RNWRUD 7H]L

øQ|Q hQLYHUVLWHVL 6RV\DO %LOLPOHU (QVWLWV 7UN 'LOL YH (GHEL\DWÕ

%|OP0DODtya 1989

BL : (14. yy))LNUHW785$1(VNL2÷X]FD6|]ON%DKúD\Lú/JDWL'LOELOLP

øQFHOHPHVL0HWLQ6|]ON7ÕSNÕEDVÕP%D\<D\ÕQFÕOÕNøVWDQEXO

TAB : (14. yy) <DNXS .$5$62< 7XWPDFÕ (VNL 2÷X] 7UNoHVL\OH

<D]ÕOPÕú%LU7ÕS.LWDEÕ7DELDWQkPH3DOHW<D\ÕQODUÕ.RQ\D

KY : (H. 768/M. 1366/1367 yy) /H\Ok .$5$+$1 (U]XUXPOX 'DULU

.ÕVVD-L <XVXI <€VXI-X =OH\Kk  øQFHOHPH- Metin- Dizin) TDK

<D\ÕQODUÕ564, Ankara 1994

VG : (H. 770/M. 1368) .k]ÕP .g.7(.ø1 <€VXI¶Õ 0HGGkK 9DUND YH

*OúDK7'.<D\ÕQODUÕAnkara 2007

.ø* : ;,9DVUÕQLNLQFL\DUÕVÕQGD+0 0X]DIIHU$..8ù

Kitab-Õ*XQ\DøQFHOHPH-Metin-øQGHNV7ÕSNÕ%DVÕP7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ

Ankara 1995

KBD (H. 796 (M. 1393-1394) yy) 0XKDUUHP (5*ø1 .DGÕ %XUKDQHGGLQ

'LYDQÕ øVWDQEXO hQLYHUVLWHVL (GHEL\DW )DNOWHVL <D\ÕQODUÕ 12 , øVWDQEXO

IN : +5HEv¶O-kKLU02FDN6HGLW<h.6(/0HKPHG

,úN-1kPH øQFHOHPH- 0HWLQ $QNDUD hQLYHUVLWHVL %DVÕPHYL $QNDUD

1965

T : ( \\ VRQX  \\ EDúÕ =LNUL 785$1 +DFÕ 3DúD &HOkOHGGLQ

+Õ]ÕU 7HVKvO 'LO g]HOOLNOHUL-Metin- 6|] 'L]LQL ,-II cilt) \D\ÕPODQPDPÕúGRNWRUDWH]L0DODW\D

ù.0 : (H. 803/ M.1401) .HPDO <$98= ùH\KR÷OX .HQ]¶O- .EHUk YH

0HKHNN¶O- 8OHPkøQFHOHPH-Metin- øQGHNV$.0<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

1991

CM : (H. 899/ M. 1406) Zeki KAYMAZ, Ahmed-L 'k¶v &HYkKLU¶O- 0D¶kQvøQFHOHPH-Metin- 6|]ON0DODW\D

BH : (+  0  0XKDUUHP D\ÕQÕQ VRQODUÕQGD

WDPDPODQPÕúWÕU 9DKLW 7h5. +DWLSR÷OX %DKU¶O- +DNk\ÕN 7'.

<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

HFN : H. 829 (M. 1426) +DWLFH ù$+ø1 +DWLSR÷OX )HUDK-Name Dil g]HOOLNOHUL-Metin-6|]ON <D\ÕPODQPDPÕú 'RNWRUD 7H]L øQ|Q

hQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV7UN'LOLYH(GHEL\DWÕ%|OP

Malatya 1993

KT : (H. 827/M. 1424) $KPHW 723$/2ö/8 0XKDPPHG %LQ +DP]D

;9<]\ÕO%DúODUÕQGD<DSÕOPÕú 6DWÕU$UDVÕ.XU¶DQ7HUFPHVLFLOW

6|]ON.%<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXO

KMT : (H. 823/M. 1420 yy.) $OL +D\GDU %$<$7$EGlYHKKkEELQ <€VXI

øEQ-i Ahmed el-0kUGkQv .LWkEX¶O- 0QWHKDE )v¶W-7ÕE øQFHOHPH- Metin-Dizin-6DGHOHúWLUPH-7ÕSNÕEDVÕPøVWDQEXO 2005

ùùd : (15. yy. (1510)) =XKDO.h/7h5$//DWLI%(<5(/øùHUvIvùHKQkPH

dHYLULVL7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

HN : 15. yy (1415) +VH\LQ $<$1 ùH\KR÷OX 0XVWDID +XUúvG- 1kPH

+XUúvG- )HUDKúkG øQFHOHPH- Metin-6|]ON-Konu DL]LQL $WDWUN

hQLYHUVLWHVL%DVÕPHYL(U]XUXP

HHT : (H. 831 (M. 1427) 6HOoXN.,5%$d+D\kW¶O- +D\HYkQ7HUFPHVL

*LULú øQFHOHPH 0HWLQ 'L]LQ-6|]ON 6DNDU\D hQLYHUVLWHVL 6RV\DO

%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV'RNWRUD7H]L2FDN

TM : (15. yy (1427)) Mustafa $5*81ù$+ 0XKDPPHG E 0DKP€G-Õ

ùLUYkQv 7XKIH-L 0XUkGv øQFHOHPH-Metin-'L]LQ 7'. <D\ÕQODUÕ

Ankara 1999

GT : (15. yy (1430)) 0XVWDID g=.$1 0DKPXG ELQ .kGv-i Manyas

*OLVWDQ7HUFPHVL7'.<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD

MN : (15. yy (1437)) Mustafa CANPOLAT, 0HFPnj¶DW¶Q 1H]kLU 7'.

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Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract of PhD Thesis Title of the Thesis: The Changes and Meaning Phenomena in the Vocabulary from Old Oguz Turkish to Turkey Turkish

Author : Emine ATMACA Supervisor: 3URI'U9DKLW7h5.

Date : 08.07.2011 Nu. of pages : xv (pre text) + 1539 (main body) + 20 (app.)

Department : Turkish Grammer and Literature Subfield : Turkish Language and Literature

This work consists of four main sections: a) The Historical Periods fromOld Oghuz Turkish to Turkey Turkish; b) Language, Linguistics, Semantics; c) Meaning PhenomenaThat Are Effective in Semantic Changes or Development of Connotations; d) Semantic Changes.

In the first section of the work, some information about the historical periods fromOld Oghuz Turkish to Turkey Turkish is given briefly. Afterwards, the words anddeterminative groups which were used in the period of Old Oghuz Turkish and following periods, but are not used in Standart Turkey Turkish are dealt with. Besides, with the intention of being able to show that the relationship between the historical periods of Turkish and local languages of Standart Turkey Turkish still continues, Compiling Dictionaryis also included in the work in this section.

In the second section of the work, the subject of linguistics, that is the starting point of semantics, and the subject of language, that is the starting point of linguistics, are dealt with EULHIO\ XQGHU WKH WLWOH RI ³/DQJXDJH /LQJXLVWLFV 6HPDQWLFV´ $IWHUZDUGV VHPDQWLFV

meaning, concept, denotation, connotation and the ways of development of connotations are mentioned.

In the third section of the work, it is given place to the meaning phenomena that are effective in semantic changes; the subjects of assimilation, alienism (metaphor, metonymy), polysemy, synonymy, hyponymy, hyperonymy, meronymy, holonymy, homonymy, antonymy, context and reconciliation.

In the fourth section of the work, the concept of semantic change is examined and the terms of semantic restriction, specialisation, semantic extension, generalisation,figurative expression, synecdoche, elipse, taboo, argot, semantic transfer (homonym, remote meaning, opposite meaning), melioration and pejoration are tried to be givenwith reference to the examples in the texts we determined in the resources we reviewed. The semantic changes in the words determined in this section are examined by being discussed in a synchronous and diachronic method. Finally, the causes and the development of semantic changes are dwelled upon.

Key words: Old Oghuz Turkish, Lexicology, Semantic

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