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Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract RI0DVWHU¶V Title of the Thesis: The Soup in The Turkish Kitchen Culture

Author : +O\D*h0hù Supervisor : Assist. 3URI'U1HúLGH<,/',5,0 Date: 27.12.2011 Nu. Of pages : iv (pre text) +116 (main) +10 (app.) Department:Turkish Gramer and Lit. Subfield : Folklore

The Turks came to Anatolia from Central Asia brought with them their own eating habits.

While the Turks were coming to Anatolia from Central Asia, also they have brought along their own eating habits. While they were coming to Anatolia, they have adapted different cultures which were encountered elements of eating and drinking on the migration route to their own Structures, too. Furthermore, a rich culinary culture which Anatolia gained in the historical process has affected the eating and drinking habits of Turks. At the same time the geographical location, the climate, and the diversity of herb have changed eating and drinking habits of the Turks on the steppes of Central Asia.

Human communities living in prehistory had produced the first products emerging world culinary culture on the lands that the Ottoman and Anatolian Principalities established settled layout. Although according to the understanding of today it is presumed primitive, in the thousands of years before the Ottoman period the first experiences and experimentations of humanity about eating and drinking has been begun in Anatolia. These experiences and experimentations have contributed the enrichment of the Ottoman culinary culture.

We observe that in the world cuisines the soup has such an important place as in Turkish cuisine. Especially if we consider soup point of view Turkish culinary culture, it has another importance being at the Ottomans as a domination image unlike other culinary cultures. The Toyga food, which exists among the eating ±drinking habits of Central Asian Turkish, is a kind of soup which is consist of youghurt and crushed wheat is being consumed widely even in today that is a proof of the Turkish culinary cuOWXUH¶V URRW GHSHnds Central Asia strongly related to a tradition.

The soup is being one of the most important nutrient matters in the Turkish culinary culture which is beyond thiVLWGLVSOD\VLW¶VLPSRUWDQFHpoint of view function in the Turkish political history. Such WKDWRQHRIWKHROGWUDGLWLRQLV³SRWODo´³\D÷PD´RIWKH&HQWUDO$VLD7XUNLVK

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For this reason, soup has became an image as sovereignty, a legitimacy and a status in the Turkish history. At the soup seemed a strong culinary culture has caused deeply discredit to argument that all of the culinaries out of the French cusine are marginal deviation of French culinary of Revel who is the a French intellectual.

Todays, particularly in many regions of Anatolia, the soup countinues to be part of social life.

Almost all villages of Anatolia are made tarhana as preparation for winter. Making tarhana shows itself a tool as a solidarity, as well as social communication among women in the villages. In this contexWKHUROHRIWKH³VRXS´EHLQJ related with stomach in the social life, further its funtion provides to fuse human relations. With Rapid urbanazition and globalization, FKDQJLQJSHRSOH¶VOLIHVW\OHVEULQJVZLWKKDELWVchanges, too. This alteration definitely causes negative case point of view making processes of traditional soups are forgetten among the people.

Key words: Culture, Food, Nutrition, Convenances, Soup

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2 %D\VDO$\úH  ³<LUPL%LULQFL<]\ÕO<HPHNOHULh]HULQH*|UúOHU´7UN0XWIDN.OWUh]HULQH

$UDúWÕUPDODU7UN+DON.OWUQ$UDúWÕUPDYH7DQÕWPD9DNIÕ<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD, s:12

(16)

8

ROGX÷XQX YH ELUH\LQ JHoPLú L]OHQLPOHUL DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ YH EHNOHQWLOHUL\OH LOLúNLOL

ROGX÷XQXV|\OH\HELOLUL] %LU\HPHNELUNLúLWDUDIÕQGDQoRNOH]]HWOLGL÷HULQFHD]OH]]HWOL

RODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLULOHELOLU .XúNXVX]HVWHWLNJ|UQPOUHQNNRNXYH\DSÕX\XPXQXHQ

J]HOELUELoLPGHVHUJLOH\HQELU\HPH÷LQ IDUNOÕVRV\DONDWPDQODUDYHNOWUOHUHDLWROVD

da, ELUoRN LQVDQÕQ VLQLUOHULQL X\DUDUDN LúWDKÕQÕ DoPDVÕ NDoÕQÕOPD]GÕU ùX KDOGH LúWDK

NDYUDPÕELUEDNÕPD\HPH÷LQJ|UVHOOL÷LQHGD\DQPDNWDGÕUVRQXFXQD varabiliriz. Baysal, VLQLUOHULQX\DUÕOPDVÕHVQDVÕQGDVLQGLULPVDOJÕODUÕQÕQGD DWPDVÕQGDQGROD\ÕLúWDKDoÕFÕbir

\HPH÷LQ VLQGLULPLQLQ GH NROD\ODúWÕ÷ÕQÕ V|\OHPHNWHGLU. $\UÕFD %D\VDO P]L÷LQ LúLWPH

GX\XVXVDQDWÕylaUHVPLQJ|UPHGX\XVXVDQDWÕLOHQLWHOHQGLULOGL÷LJLEL\HPH÷LQGHOH]]HW

ya da dDPDNWDGÕVDQDWÕLOHQLWHOHQGLULOHELOHFH÷LQGHQV|]eder.1 ³Yemek insana sadece IL]\RORMLNEDNÕPGDQGH÷LOUXKVDOYHVRV\DO\|QGHQGHNHQGLVLQLL\LKLVVHWWLUHQYHVWUHVL

D]DOWDQELUDUDoRODrak da |QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU´ (Baysal, 2003:13-14).

<HPHN NDYUDPÕQÕQ ELULQFL GHUHFHGHQ LQVDnÕQ \DúDPÕQÕQ GHYDPÕ LoLQ LKWL\DFÕ RODQ

HQHUMLQLQ VD÷ODQPDVÕ\OD LOLúNLOL ELU LúOHYLQLQ ROGX÷XQXQ J|UOPHVLQLQ \DQÕQGD LQVDQ- insan, insan-toplum ve toplum-toplum iliúNLOHrinde GH VRV\DO ELU LOHWLúLP DUDFÕ LúOHYL

J|UG÷ GH J|UOPHNWHGLU ³øQVDQ WRSOXPODUÕQGD JÕGD LNL WHPHO QRNWDGD |QHPOLGLU

gQFH LQVDQÕQ EHVOHQPHVL \|QQGHQ EL\RORMLN LKWL\DFÕQÕ WHPLQ HWWL÷L LoLQ JHUHNOLGLU

øNLQFL RODUDN WRSOXPVDO LOLúNLOHULQ GR÷XPXQX YH GHYDPÕQÕ VD÷ODPDVÕ EDNÕPÕQGDQ

|QHPOLGLU´ ( Saran, 1993:279-280). Atak, yeme-LoPH IDDOL\eti ilgili olarak \HPH÷LQ

LQVDQOÕ÷ÕQ en eski ve en E\N]HYNOHULQGHQELULVLROGX÷XQXV|\OHU2 ³2UWDoD÷GDQ beri uygulanmakta olan toplu beslenme sistemi, NHQWOHúPH ve VDQD\LOHúPH\H paralel olarak JHOLúPLú YH JQP] \DúDQWÕVÕQÕQ |QHPOL ELU SDUoDVÕ KDOLQH gHOPLúWLU %X oHUoHYHGH

birlikte yeme-LoPHIDDOL\HWLLQVDQODUÕVRV\DOOHúPH\H J|WUU´ (Atak, 2006: 2). Yemek, ]DPDQLoLQGHLQVDQLoLQJHUHNOLVDOWbiyolojik bir HQHUMLND\QD÷ÕROPDNWDQoÕNDUDN, insan LoLQ ]HYN DODELOHFH÷L ELU DUDFD VDQDWD YH sosyal \|Q RODQ ELU LOHWLúLP DUDFÕQD GR÷UX

HYLULOPLúWLU diyebiliriz. Birlikte yeme-LoPH olgusu ]DPDQ LoLQGH DPDo olmaktan daha oRN bir VRV\DOOHúPH DUDFÕRODUDNNDUúÕPÕ]DoÕNPDNWDGÕU3 .RoEHN\HPHNYHLúOHYLQGHQ

úXúHNLOGHV|]HGHU: ³<HPHNKHUNHVWHIDUNOÕoD÷UÕúÕPODU yaSVDGD\DúDPÕVUGUPHNLoLQ

1%D\VDO$\úH  a.g.e, s:13-14

2 $WDN0  ³<L\Hcek-øoHFHNøúOHWPHOHULQGH6HUYLV(OHPDQODUÕQÕQ+L]PHWøoL(÷LWLPLQLQøú

7DWPLQLQH(WNLVL.X]H\.ÕEUÕV7UN&XPKXUL\HWL8\JXODPDVÕ´'RNX](\OOhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU

(QVWLWV<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]LV:2

3 .RoEHN$'  ³<L\HFHN-øoHFHN6HNW|UQGH+L]PHW.DOLWHVLYH0úWHUL0HPQXQL\HWL(WQLN

5HVWRUDQODUD<|QHOLN%LU$UDúWÕUPD´$QDGROXhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú

<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L, s:3

(17)

9

bir zorunluluk, bir ED÷ÕPOÕOÕN NH\LI XQVXUX D\QÕ ]DPDQGD VRV\DO ELU ROJXGXU %X

ED÷ODPGD RUWDoD÷GDQ beri ticari bir faaliyet olarak uygulanan toplu beslenme sistemi, NHQWOHúPH ve VDQD\LOHúPH\H paralel olarak JHOLúPLú JQP]de \DúDQWÕPÕ]ÕQ |QHPOL

bir SDUoDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPXúWXU´ .RoEHN, 2005:3). 7RSOXP LoLQGH IDUNOÕ VRV\R HNRQRPLN

tabakalara ait bireylerin IDUNOÕEHVOHQPHELoLPOHULROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLU'R÷DORODUDN

WRSOXPXQ DOW YH VW VÕQÕIODUÕ DUDVÕQGD ³\HPHN´ GR÷DO RODUDN IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH

DOJÕODQPDNWD YH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU $OW VÕQÕIODU LoLQ \HPHN \DúDPÕQ GHYDPÕ LoLQ

gerekli olan enerjiQLQHOGHHGLOPHVLLoLQJHUHNOLRODQELUH\OHP LNHQVWVÕQÕIODULoLQELU

zevk, sanat ya da bir VD\JÕQOÕNVD÷ODPD DUDFÕRODUDNJ|UOPHNWHGLr. <HPHNIDUNOÕVRV\R

HNRQRPLN VÕQÕIODUFD KHU QHNDGDU IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH DOJÕODQÕ\RU LVH GH EWQ VÕQÕIODUFD

ortak nokta ]RUXQOXYHYD]JHoLOPH]bir eylem ROGX÷XGXU.

%X WU DOÕúNDQOÕNODU R WRSOXPXQ NOWUHO ELU SDUoDVÕGÕU 7RSOXPXQ \DúDP úekli, o toplumun beslenPH NOWUQ \DQVÕWPDNWDGÕU Toplumun yDúDP úeklinin GH÷LúPHVL, beslenme DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ YHNOWUQQGH÷LúPHVLQGH |QHPOLELUHWNHQGLU 7RSOXPODUÕ

ELUELULQGHQD\ÕUDQHQWHPHOJ|VWHUJHNXúNXVX]NOWUHONLPOLNOHULGLU7RSOXPXQNOWUHO

NLPOL÷LQLQ ELoLPOHQPHVL R WRSOXPXQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ FR÷UDI\DGD WDULK LoLQGH \DúDGÕNODUÕ YH

oHYUHVLQGHQ HGLQH JHOPLú ROGX÷X ELOJL YH WHFUEHOHUH GD\DQPDNWDGÕU GL\HELOLUL] %LU

toplumun beslenme VLVWHPLQLQELoLPOHQPHVLGHEXúHNLOGHRUWD\DoÕNPDNWDGÕU%D\VDO, iQVDQÕQFDQÕQÕQoHNWL÷L\DGD KD]GX\GX÷XúHNLOGHEHVOHQPHVLQL JHoPLúGHQH\LPOHULnin, DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQGLQLLQDQoODUÕQÕQJHOHQHNYHJ|UHQeklerinin sonucu ROGX÷XQXYH VRQXo

olarak da beslenme ELoLPLQLQ WRSOXPGDQ WRSOXPD NLúLGHQ NLúL\H GH÷LúWL÷LQGHQ

bahseder.1 ³%X GH÷LúLNOLNOHU VRQXFX KHU WRSOXPXQ NHQGLQH |]J PXWIDN YH EHVOHQPH

NOWURUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU%HVOHQPHYHPXWIDNNOWUQQ|]HOOL÷L\HPHNKD]ÕUOama ve

SLúLUPHGH J|UOG÷ JLEL EHVLQ VHoLPLQGH YH VRIUD G]HQLQGH GH EHOLUJLQOHúPLúWLU´

(Baysal, 2007:1-2).

Baysal, tRSOXPNOWU\OHELUOLNWHJHOLúHQEHVOHQPHDOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ EHVOHQPHYHVD÷OÕN

\|QQGHQ \DUDUOÕRODQODUNDGDU]DUDUOÕX\JXODPDODUÕGDLoHUHELOHFH÷LQLV|\OHU. Toplum LoLQGH EHVLQOHULQ VHoLPL KD]ÕUODQPDVÕ YH WNHWLPL LOH LOJLOL GDYUDQÕúODU aLW ROGX÷X

NOWUGH WDULKVHO VUHo LoLQGH HGLQH JHOLQPLú WHFUEHOHULQ QHVLOGHQ QHVLOH DNWDUÕODUDN

X\JXODPDVÕ \DSÕODQ³|÷UHQLOPLúGDYUDQÕú´ODUGÕU Baysal, EXGDYUDQÕúODUÕQ LoHUHELOHFH÷L

\DQOÕúDOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQ beslenme bilgisi veULOHUHNHWNLOHQHELOHFH÷LV|yler. Toplumda uzun

1 %D\VDO$\úH  *HQHO%HVOHQPH+DWLSR÷OX<D\ÕQODUÕ Ankara, s:1-2

(18)

10

ELU ]DPDQ GLOLPL LoLQGH JHOLúHQ DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQ YH GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ GH÷LúWLULOPHVL Jo ve

\DYDú LúOH\HQ ELU VUHoWLU 7RSOXPGD YDU RODQ \DQOÕú X\JXODPD DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ

GH÷LúWLULOPHVL YH \HULQH X\JXQ RODQ DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ \HUOHúWLULOPHVL X]XQ ELU VUHo

VRQXQGDVD÷ODQDELOLU³'DYUDQÕúGH÷LúLNOL÷L\DUDWPDNNDGDUND]DQGÕUÕODQ\HQLGDYUDQÕú

ELoLPLQLQ NLúLOHUFH GHYDP HWWLULOPHVLQL VD÷ODPDN GD |QHPOLGLU %X QHGHQOH KDONÕQ

EHVOHQPH \|QQGHQ ELoLPOHQGLULOPHVL LoLQ HWNLQ YH VUHNOL EHVOHQPH H÷LWLmi progrDPODUÕ \DSÕOÕS X\JXODQPDOÕGÕU´ (Baysal, 1999: 246). ³Yemek, bilimle sanaWÕQ

ELUOHúPHVLQLQ ELU UQGU´ (Baysal, 2003:11). $\úH %D\VDO \HPH÷LQ ELULQFL DPDFÕ

RODUDNLQVDQÕQ\DúDPÕLoLQJHUHNOLEHVLQ|÷HOHULQLQ VD÷ODQPDVÕROGX÷XQXV|\OHUYHLQVDQ

yDYUXVXQXQE\PHYHJHOLúPHVL\DúDPÕQVUHNOLOL÷LQLQVD÷ODQPDVÕGÕúHWNLOHUHNDUúÕ

NRUXQPDVÕLoLQHOOLFLYDUÕQGDWUGHEHVLQ |÷HVLQH LKWL\DFÕROGX÷XQXEHlirtir.1 g]HOOLNOH

7UN \HPHN NOWU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH \HPH÷LQ VDGHFH ELU EHVOHQPH WDU]Õ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ anlayabiliriz. ³7UN\HPHNNOWUVRV\DOG]HQLVD÷OD\DQ |QHPOLELUXQVXUGXU'HYOHW

idaresinde, UHVPL W|UHQOHULQ G]HQOHQPHVLQGH NRPúXOXN LOLúNLOHULQGH ve misafirlerin D÷ÕUODQPDVÕQGD GL÷HU aktiviteler kadar etkili ROGX÷XQX J|UPHNWH\L]´ (,úÕN, 2006:1).

YemeN .OWU WRSOXPX ROXúWXUDQ ELUH\OHULQ RUWDN \HPHN DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ YH

X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQELUEWQGU

.OWU, WRSOXPGDNL ELUH\OHULQ RUWDN GDYUDQÕú ELoLPLGLU %X GDYUDQÕú ELoLPOHULQLQ

besinlerin VHoLOPHVL LúOHnPHVL YH WNHWLOPHVL LOH LOJLOL RODQODUÕQa ³ %HVOenme

$OÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ´ GHQLU2 ³øQVDQ \DúDPÕQÕQ GR÷DO JHUH÷L RODQ \HPHN JGV EHVOHQPH

DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQWHPHOLQLROXúWXUXU´ %D\VDO246 ). Baysal, iQVDQODUÕQEHVOHQPH

LOHLOJLOLGDYUDQÕúYHX\JXODPDODUÕWDUÕPHNRQRPLNFR÷UDILNJLELoRNoHúLWOLHWmenlerin etkiVL\OH ROXúPDNWD YH JHOLúWL÷LQGHQ V|] HGHU. Tarih boyunca besinler ve yemekler WNHWHQ NLúL\H IL]\RORMLN ROGX÷X NDGDU SVLNRORMLN YH NOWUHO GR\XP GD VD÷ODPÕúWÕU3 Baysal bu nedenle yemeklerin hem somut hHP GH VR\XW QLWHOLNOHUH VDKLS ROGX÷X

J|UúQ RUWD\D DWDU. ³7DW NRNX VÕFDNOÕN J|UQP \DSÕ EHVLQ GH÷HUL YE KDONÕQ

WDúÕGÕ÷ÕL]OHQLPOHUEHVLQ\DGD\HPHNLOHLOJLOLVR\XWNDYUDPODUSVLNRORMLNYHNOWUHO

|]HOOLNOHUX]XQELU]DPDQVUHFLQLQJHUHNWLUGL÷LELULNLPOHUVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPDNWDGÕU´

(Baysal, 1999:246).

1 %D\VDO$\úH (2003) ,a.g.e, s:12

2 %D\VDO$\úH (1999) ,a.g.e, s:246

3 %D\VDO$\úH (1999) ,a.g.e, s:246

(19)

11

øQVDQR÷OXQXQ \DúDPÕQÕ GHYDPHWWLUHELOPHVLLoLQ LKWL\DoGX\GX÷XHQ|QHPOLgereksinimi

³\HPHN\HPHN´ tir. )DUNOÕFR÷UDI\DODUGD\DúDPÕQÕVUGUHQWRSOXPODUGD\HPHN ile ilgili DOÕúNDQOÕNODU toplumdan topluma farNOÕOÕNODUJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU AOÕúNDQOÕNODUGDJ|UOHQEX

WU IDUNOÕODúPD R WRSOXPXQ NOWUHO ELU NLPOLN |÷HVL RODUDN RUWD\D oÕNDU. g]GHPLU

toplumun beslenme kOWUQQ \DúDP úHNOL LOH \DNÕQGDQ LOJLOL ROGX÷XQX VDYXQXU

7RSOXPXQ \DúDP úeklinin GH÷LúPHVL, beslenme DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ ve NOWUQQ

GH÷LúPHVLQGH |QHPOL ELU HWNHQGLU1 ³<HPHN \HPHN´ LúOHYL VDOW IL]LNVHO YH EL\RORMLN

LKWL\DFÕQ NDUúÕODQPDVÕ RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL ROGXNoD \HWHUVL] NDODFDNWÕU 2\VD

g]GHPLU³\HPHN\HPH´LúOHYLQLQELUVRV\DOELULúOHYVWOHQGL÷LQHGH úXúHNLOGHvurgu

\DSDU ³<HPHN YH LoHFHN XQVXUODUÕ LQVDQÕQ EHVOHQPHVL YH GROD\VÕ\OD \DúDPÕQ

VUGUOPHVL JLEL WHPHO LKWL\DoODUÕQGDQ ELULQLQ JLGHULOPHVLQGH NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ JLEL IDUNOÕ

sosyo-NOWUHO DQODPODUÕQ GD DNWDUÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODUODU´ (g]GHPLU 2002:66). Toplum LoLQGHVRV\DOELULúOHYLRODQ³\HPHN\HPH´QLQg]GHPLU¶LQ GHV|]HWWL÷LVRV\R-NOWUHO

DQODPODUÕQDNWDUÕPÕKLoNXúNXVX]ELUWDNÕPXQVXUODUÕQDQODPROXúWXUDFDNYHWDúÕ\DFDN

ELU úHNLOGH bir araya gelerek bir sistem WHúNLO HWPHVLGLU ³<HPHN YH LoHFHN DODQÕ

ayUÕQWÕOÕ ELU úHNLOGH KD]ÕUODQDQ VXQXODQ YH WNHWLOHQ ROGXNoD NDUPDúÕN XQVXUODU YH

X\JXODPDODUGDQ ROXúPDNWDGÕU %X DODQ WÕSNÕ GLO JL\LP JLEL VRV\RNOWUHO ED÷ODPGD ROXúDQELUJ|VWHUJHOHUVLVWHPLGLU´ g]GHPLU  7RSOXPLoLQGHVRV\DOYHNOWUHO

bLULúOHYLRODQ³\HPHN \HPH´QLQDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕ\HPHNNOWUQROXúWXUDQKHUELU

DOW ELULPGH NHQGLQL IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH NHQGLQL J|VWHULU  YHPHN PDO]HPHOHUL NDWNÕ

PDGGHOHULSLúLUPHWHNQLNOHULVXQXúYHWNHWLPWDU]ODUÕ\HPHNYHLoHFHNNDSODU|÷Q

sisWHPLGDYHWOHU\HPHNNXUDOODUÕ\HPHNYHLoHFHN\DVDNODUÕ´JLELalt alanlar, yemek ve LoHFHNDODQÕQÕQDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕQÕQJ|UOG÷\HUOHUGLUg]GHPLUEu alan sayesinde VRV\DO UROOHU YH LOLúNLOHULQ ilgili temel ileWLOHU JHUHNOL NLúLOHUH DNWDUÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ belirtir.

.OWUHONLPOLNIDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQJ|VWHULOGL÷L\HPHNYHLoHFHNRUWDPODUÕDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕ

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IDDOL\HWOHULGHLoLQGHEDUÕQGÕUÕU.2 ³%LUH\|]HOOLNOHWRSOX\HPHNOHULQ\HQGL÷LVRIUDODUGD

VRV\DOOHúWL÷L JLEL NHQGL NOWUQ WDQÕU DNWDUÕU \DúDWÕU YH JHOHQHN DGÕ YHULOHQ L]OH÷H

X\JXQ RODUDN \HQLGHQ \DUDWÕU 0LOOHWOHUL ELUELULQGHQ D\ÕUDQ WHPHO VDKDODUÕQ EDúÕQGD

PXWIDNNOWU gelmektedir´ g]GHPLU, 2002:66).

1 g]GHPLU1HEL  , 7UNL\H¶GH6L\DVDO3DUWL.OWU7KH3ROLWLFDO3DUW\&XOWXUHLQ7XUNH\/D

culture de parti politique en Turquie, Milli FoONORUho$\OÕN8OXVODU$UDVÕ+DON%LOLPL'HUJLVL&LOW

<ÕO6D\Õ, s:66

2 g]GHPLU1HEL  , a.g.e, s:66

(20)

12

g]GHPLU¶LQ EHOLUWPLú ROGX÷X JLEL \HPHN oHúLWOL XQVXUODUÕ YH X\JXODPDODUÕ EQ\HVLQGH

EDUÕQGÕUDQELU|÷HGLU%LUH\LQNHQGLVLQGHEDúOD\ÕSDLOHWRSOXPPLOOHWYHPLOOHWOHULoLQ

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unsur RODUDN NDUúÕPÕ]D oÕNÕ\RU ROPDVÕ yemek±NOWU LOLúNLVL DoÕVÕQGDQ |QHP arz etmektedir.

1.2. 0XWIDN.OWU

1.2.1. 'Q\D0XWIDN.OWUQH*HQHO%LU%DNÕú

³0XWIDN $UDSoD PDWEDK V|]F÷QGHQ JHOLU N|N ³WDEK´ SLúLUPH GHPHNWLU 7DEkKDW

DúoÕOÕN \HPHN SLúLUPe saQDWÕ DQODPÕQGDGÕU´ (PLUR÷OX, 2001:118). Baysal, insanÕQ

\DúDPÕ LoLQ JHUHNOL olan besinleri her yerde ve her ]DPDQ EXODELOPH\L JDUDQWL DOWÕna DOGÕNWDQ VRQUD \HPH YH LoPHQLQ bir zevk RODUDN DOJÕODPD\D EDúODGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWLU.1 g]HOOLNOH \|QHWLFL NRQXPXQGD EXOXQDQODUÕQ EHVLQ EXOPD ND\JÕVÕQGDQ X]DN ROPDODUÕ

nedeniyle yeme-LoPH H\OHPL ELULQFLO LúOHYLQGHQ IDUNOÕ RODUDN LQVDQÕQ KD] GX\JXVXQD

FHYDSYHUHFHNELUúHNLOGHanlam kazanmaya EDúODPÕúWÕU. Yeme ±LoPHQLQKD]GX\JXVXQD

FHYDSYHUHQELUDUDoROPD\DEDúODPDVÕQÕQ vHGDKDIDUNOÕWDWODUDXODúPDLVWH÷LQLQ\HQLELU

X]PDQOÕN DODQÕQÕQ RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕQD QHGHQ ROGX÷XQGDQ V|] HGHELOLUL] ³<|QHWLFL

NRQXPXQGD EXOXQDQODUÕQ WRSOXOXNODUÕQ \HWHUOL WU YH PLNWDUOarda besin bulup EXODPDGÕNODUÕQD DOGÕUÕúHWPHGHQFDQODUÕQÕQLVWHGL÷LJLEL\HPHYHLoPH\LVWDWOHULQLQELU

JHUH÷L JLEL J|UHUHN DúoÕOÕN VDQDWÕQÕQ YH \HPHN oHúLWOHULQLQ JHOLúPHVLQH |QD\DN

ROPXúODUGÕU%XGXUXPWRSOXPODUGDDoYHDúÕUÕWRNVÕQÕIODUÕQROXúPDVÕQD\RODoPÕúWÕU´

(Baysal, 2003:9-10). %XQXQ \DQÕQGD KHU QH NDGDU %D\VDO \|QHWLFLOHULQ \|QHWWLNOHUL

WRSOXPODUÕQ\HWHUOLPLNWDUGDEHVLQEXOXSEXOPDGÕNODUÕQDDOGÕUÕúHWPHNVL]LQ\HPHLoPH\L

NHQGLOHULQHDLWELUD\UÕFDOÕNROXúWXUGX÷XQXV|\OHVHGHGXUXPEWQ\OHE|\OHGH÷LOGLU

(VNL2UWD$V\D7UNND÷DQODUÕKDONÕQÕNRUX\XSNROODPDNLOHNHQGLOHULQLJ|UHYOLRODUDN

J|UPHNWHGLUOHU %XQXQ \DQÕQGD 2VPDQOÕ VXOWDQODUÕ NHQGLOHULQLQ KDONÕQÕ GR\XUPDNOD

vazifeli ROGXNODUÕQÕ J|UPHNWHGLUOHU +DONÕQÕ GR\XUPDN ELU PHúUXL\HW J|VWHUJHVLGLU

%LOJLQ EX NRQX LOH LOJL RODUDN úXQODUÕ LIDGH HGHU ³ $YUDV\D GHYOHWOHULQGH WHE¶DQÕQ

GR\XUXOPDVÕQÕQJHOHQHNVHOYHGLQLELU|GHYDGGHGLOPHVLQLQ|WHVLQGHGHYOHWOHULQKDONÕQ

LDúHVL\OHGR÷UXGDQLOJLOHQPHOHULQLJHUHNWLUHQ\HWHUOLQHGHQOHULYDUGÕ´ %LOJLQ 

$\UÕFD %LOJLQ øWDO\DQ úHKLU GHYOHWOHULQLQ LDúHOHULQLQ DVÕUODUFD \HUHO \|QHWLPOHUFH

1 %D\VDO$\úH (2003), a.g.e, s:9-10

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13

NDUúÕODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ IDNDW µOL \ÕOODUGDQ VRQUD NUDO WDUDIÕQGDQ |]HO RODUDN LDúH LOH LOJLOL

LúOHUGHQ VRUXPOX HU]DN EDNDQÕ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕODELOHFHN bir Erzak emini atanGÕ÷ÕQGDQ

V|]HGHU.1

'Q\D PXWIDN NOWUQQ úHNLOOHQPHVLQGH WRSOXPODUÕQ NHQGLQH DLW \HUOL IDNW|UOHULQ

HWNLVLQLQ \DQÕQGD NUHVHOOHúPH YH ELU WDNÕP WRSOXPVDO YH VRV\RORMLN ROD\ODU GD rol R\QDPÕúWÕU Sanayi Devriminin sonucu kent olgusunun RUWD\DoÕNÕúÕ)UDQVÕ]GHYULPLYH

EXQDED÷OÕWRSOXPVDO\DúDPGDJ|UOHQVL\DVLYHVRV\DOGH÷LúLPYH\]\ÕOODUGD

\DSÕODQE\NVDYDúODUYHEXQODUÕQQHGHQROGX÷XE\NJ|oOHUEXQODUÕQKHSVLJQP]

GQ\DPXWIDNODUÕQÕúHNLOOHQGLUHQHQWHPHOVRV\RORMLNROD\ODUGÕU%XQXn \DQÕQGDLOHWLúLP

YHXODúÕPÕQJHOLúPHVL\OHELUOLNWHIDUNOÕNOWUOHUHDLWWRSOXPODUÕQELUELUL\OHLOLúNLVL KHU

]DPDQNLQGHQ GDKD ID]OD ROPDNWDGÕU ³.UHVHOOHúPH GH LQVDQÕQ \HPH÷H EDNÕúÕQÕQ

GH÷LúPHVLQH QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU %XQXQ VRQXFX VDQD\LOHúPLú EDWÕ ONHOHULQGH GR÷XQXQ

\HPHN NOWUQH LOJL DUWPÕúWÕU %X ONHOHUGH dLQ +LQW -DSRQ \HPHNOHUL UHWHQ

lokantDODU PDQWDU JLEL oR÷DOPDNWDGÕU´ (Baysal, 2003:11). %LU GL÷HU \DQGDQ EWn bu JHOLúPHOHU IDUNOÕ GDPDN WDWODUÕQÕ YH NOWUOHULQL IDUNOÕ FR÷UDI\DODUGD WDQÕPD IÕUVDWÕ

vermektedir.

%LUONHGH\|UHOHUDUDVÕnda bile damak tadÕ, PXWIDNNOWUGH÷iúPHNWHGLUhONHOHUYH\D

XOXVODUDUDVÕQGD lezzet, hazÕUODPD PXWIDN NOWU IDUNODUÕnÕn olmasÕ NDoÕnÕlmazdÕr. Bu farklÕlÕklarÕn yanÕQGDGQ\DQÕn her tarafÕnda pizza, pizza olarak vardÕr ve øtalyanlarÕn oldu÷u bilinir. FransÕzlarÕn file miQ\RQXGQ\DQÕn her yerinde aynÕúekilde hazÕrlanÕr.

7UNOHULQ úiú kebabÕnÕ yurdumuza gelen her turist ister. FarklÕ ONHOHULQ PXWIDN

NOWUOHULúXúHNLOGH|QSODQDoÕNPDNWDGÕU

FransÕz Mutfa÷Õ 'Q\DFD WDQÕnmÕú bir mutfaktÕU 6RVOX \HPHNOHUL |Q SODQGDGÕr.

UygulanmasÕ NROD\ ELU PXWIDN NOWUQH VDKLSWLU %WQ GQ\DGDNL PXWIDN WHULPOHUL

FransÕ]FD N|NHQOLGLU gUQH÷in alakart, gastronom, chef de cuisine vb. Etli, balÕklÕ

yemekleri, tartODUÕ, pastalarÕ, úDUDSYHSH\QLUOHULQOGU

øngiliz Mutfa÷Õ: FransÕz mutfa÷ÕNDGDUQOGH÷ildir, Kaliteli etler ve haúlama sebzeler WHUFLKHGLOLU6WOWDWOÕlarÕ sevilir (cheese cake). KahvaltÕ\D|QHPYHULUOHU%HúoD\ODUÕ

|QHPOLGLU$Núam yemekleri daha zengin olur.

1 Bilgin, Arif ( 2004), OVPDQOÕ6DUD\0XWID÷Õ.LWDSHYL<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXO, s:13.

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14

Alman Mutfa÷Õ: Patates ve lahana mutfa÷Õn baúyiyece÷idir. 'HQL]UQOHULYHGRPX]

etinden hazÕUODQDQ MDPERQ YE oRN WNHWLOLU *HOHQHNOHUL YH LNOLP NRúullarÕ Alman PXWID÷ÕQÕúekillendirmiúWLU3DVWDYHHNPHNoHúLGLoRNWXU

øskandinav MutfaklarÕ: So÷uk olmalarÕ nedeniyle ya÷lÕ, unlu ve úekerli yiyecekler a÷ÕrlÕklÕdÕU.DOLWHOLGHQL]UQOHULQGHQ\DSÕODQ\L\HFHNOHULYH'DQLPDUND¶QÕn pasta ve E|UHNOHULQOGU

øspanyol Mutfa÷Õ: AcÕlÕ yemekleri meúKXUGXU +HU \|UHQLQ NHQGLQH |]J \HPHNOHUL

vardÕU'HQL]UQOHULoRNWXU

øtalyan Mutfa÷Õ: <HPHNOHULWDULKLYHJHoPLúdo÷XNOWUQHGD\DQÕr. Pizza, spagetti, PDNDUQDoHúLWOHULQOGU.

Kuzey Amerika Mutfa÷Õ: Amerikan yeme alÕúkanlÕklarÕ øngilizlere benzer. Ancak farklÕgruplar farklÕ\HPHNNOWUROXúturmuúlardÕr.

*QH\ $PHULND 0XWID÷Õ: Tropikal iklime sahip olduklarÕ LoLQ farklÕ UQOHU

yetiúmektedir. De÷iúik gruplarÕn farklÕyemek alÕúkanlÕklarÕoluúmuútur.

%\NEDú hayvanlarÕn yanÕnda maymun eti, timsah eti, iri karÕnca gibi úeyler de WNHWLOPHNWHGLU

Rus Mutfa÷Õ: So÷uk iklim oldu÷X LoLQ \HPHNOHUL \D÷lÕ ve a÷ÕrdÕU 'Q\Dca QO

\HPHNOHULoRNWXUgUQHN%RUooRUEDVÕ, kievski, havyar vb.

Japon Mutfa÷Õ: $YUXSD YH 7UN PXWID÷ÕQGDQ oRN IDUNOÕdÕr. Yemekleri ve yeme úHNLOOHULLOJLoHNLFLGLUdL÷balÕklarÕoL÷VHE]HOHULVR\DVRVXQOGU

Asya Mutfa÷Õ: %HOOL ELU G|QHPGH 7UNL devletlerin oldu÷X E|OPGH SLODY QOGU

$QDGROX7UNPXWID÷ÕNOWUYH5XVPXWID÷ÕkarÕúÕmÕJ|UOU7D\ODQG(QGRQH]\D

6LQJDSXUJLELONHOHUGHEHVOHQPHYHNOWUIDUNOÕdÕr. 7HPHOEHVLQEXUDODUGDGDSLULQoWLU

Kuzey Afrika Mutfa÷Õ: %XUDODUGDNLONHOHUøVODPONHOHULGLU)DV&H]D\LU7XQXVJLEL

øVODPONHOLQGHNL\HPHNDOÕúkanlÕklarÕbirbirine benzer, pilavlarÕ QOGU.1

1.7UN0XWIDN.OWUYH6RIUD$GDEÕ

7UN 0XWIDN NOWU GHQLOGL÷LQGH, 7UNL\H WRSUDNODUÕ ]HULQGH \DúD\DQ LQVDQODUÕQ

WNHWPLú oldX÷X \L\HFHN YH LoHFHNOHU LOH EXQODUÕQ KD]ÕUODQPDVÕQGD SLúLULOPHVLQGH ve VDNODQPDVÕQGDNXOODQÕODQDUDo JHUHoYHWHNQLNOHU DQODúÕOPDOÕGÕU7UN0XWIDNNOWU

1 7&0LOOL(÷LWLP%DNDQOÕ÷Õ0(*(3 0HVOHNL(÷LWLPYHg÷UHWLP6LVWHPLQLQ*oOHQGLULOPHVL3URMHVL 

<L\HFHNøoHFHN+L]PHWOHUL± 8OXVODUDUDVÕg]HOdRUEDODU$QNDUD, s:3-4

(23)

15

GQ\DQÕQ HQ |QHPOL PXWIDNODUÕ DUDVÕQGD \HU DOPDNWDGÕU 7UNL\H¶GH \HUHO PXWIDNODUÕQ

|]JQHWNLOHULQLLoLQGHEDUÕQGÕUDQN|NOYHoRN\|QOELUPXWIDNNOWU\DúDPDNWDGÕU

'L÷HU NOWUOHUOH \DúDQDQ HWNLOHúLP $V\D YH $QDGROX PXWIDNODUÕQÕQ VXQPXú ROGX÷X

UQOHULQoHúLWOLOL÷L6HOoXNOXYH2VPDQOÕVDUD\ODUÕQGDJHOLúHQ yeni tatlar gibi nedenler EXJQN7UN0XWIDNNOWUQQoHúLWOHQPHVLQGH ve úHNLOOHQPHVLQGH rol R\QDPÕúWÕU.

³Bir toplumun sahip ROGX÷X NOWUHOGH÷HUOHU, toplumlaUÕQ\DúDPELoLPOHUL, yeme-LoPH

DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ ]HULQGH HWNLOLGLU )DUNOÕ WRSOXPODUÕQ IDUNOÕ NOWUOHUH VDKLS ROGX÷X bir JHUoHNWLU 7UNWRSOXPXGD\HPHNoHúLWOHULWDGÕ|]HOOL÷L EDNÕPÕQGDQGL÷HU topluluklara J|UH IDUNOÕOÕNODU J|VWHUPHNWHGLU´ (*OHU ). ³7UNOHU WDULKWH \HU DOPD\D

EDúODGÕNODUÕ DQGDQ LWLEDUHQ EHVOHQPH\H oRN |QHP YHUPLúOHUGLU <HPH LoPH VRV\DO

hayatta her zamDQ|QHPOLELUIDNW|U ROPXúWXUg\OHNL7UNLGDUHFLOHUL KDONÕQÕDoYH

oÕSODNEÕUDNPDPD\ÕDQDLONHRODUDNJ|UPúOHUGLU´ (Talas,2005:273-283). ³7UN0XWIDN

NOWULQFHOHQGL÷LQGH7UNOHULQYH\]\ÕOD GD\DQDQ2UWD$V\D¶GDQJQP]H

GH÷LQ VUHQ WDULhVHO ELU VUHFL J|UHELOPHNWH\L]´ *OHU 2010:24  7UN PXWIDN

NOWUQQ WDULKVHO VUHo LoLQGH JHOLúLPLQGH KLo NXúNXVX] ELUoRN IDNW|UOHULQ URO

R\QDGÕ÷ÕQÕ |Q J|UHELOLUL] ³$V\D YH $QDGROX WRSUDNODUÕQÕQ VXQPXú ROGX÷X UQOHULQ

oHúLWOLOL÷L WDULKVHO VUHo ER\unca GL÷HU NOWUOHUOH \DúDQDQ HWNLOHúLP 6HOoXNOX YH

2VPDQOÕ VDUD\ODUÕQGD \HQL JHOLúHQ WDWODUÕQ YDUOÕ÷Õ 0H]RSRWDP\D¶GDQ ND\QDNODQDQ

$QDGROX PXWID÷ÕQÕQ YDUOÕ÷Õ JLEL HWNHQOHU 7UN PXWID÷ÕQÕQ UHQNOLOL÷LQL ve oHúLW ]HQJLQOL÷LQL VD÷OD\DQ XQVXUODUGÕU´ *OHU 2010:24-25  7DULKVHO VUHce EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD:

³Asya g|oHEH NOWUQGHQ EDúODPDN ]HUH $QDGROX 6HOoXNOX YH 2VPDQOÕ JHoPLúLQH GD\DQDQ7UN0XWIDNNOWUJQP]HNDGar biroRN HYUHOHUGHQJHoHUHN JHOLúPLú ve ROJXQODúPÕúWÕU´ (*OHU). 7DULKVHOVUHoLoLnde gHOLúPHYHROJXQODúPDVUHFLQL

³PHGHQL\HWOHULQ NDYúD÷Õ´ RODQ $QDGROX¶GD ELoLPOHQGLUPLú olan 7UN PXWIDN NOWU

gaVWURQRPLX]PDQODUÕQDJ|UH GQ\DQÕQ|QHPOLPXWIDNODUÕDUDVÕQGD\HUDOPDNWDGÕU

2VPDQOÕYH6HOoXNOXODUÕQ\HUOHúLNG]HQHJHoWL÷L$QDGROX¶GD NHQGLOHULQGHQGDKD|QFH

YDU RODQ ]HQJLQ NOWU ELULNLPLQGHQ \DUDUODQPÕúODUGÕU $UNHRORMLN ND]ÕODUGDQ RUWD\D

oÕNDUÕODQ PXWIDN DUDo YH JHUHoOHUL $QDGROX¶QXQ ]HQJLQ ELU PXWIDN NOWU deneyimine VDKLS ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %XQODUD |UQHN RODUDN øg  \]\ÕOGDNL +RPHURV¶XQ

øO\DGDYH2GH\VVHLDDGOÕHVHUOHULQGHDQWLNoD÷GD \HPHNYHVRIUDX\JXODPDODUÕQGDQV|]HGLOLU

Bu eserlerde evlerde PXWIDNLoLQD\UÕELUPLPDULELULPROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|UPHNWH\L](YOHULQLoLQGH

PXKWHPHOHQHOHNWUL÷LQKHQ]JHOPHGL÷L\DNÕQJHoPLúWHNLELUoRNAnadolu N|\HYOHULQLQLoLQGHNL

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16

DWHúLQ \DNÕOGÕ÷Õ RFDNODUD EHQ]H\HQ PHJDURQ EXOXQXU  MHJDURQ¶XQ LoLQGH \HU DODQ DWHúWHQ

ÕVÕQPDYHD\GÕQODQPDLoLQ\DUDUODQÕOPDNWDGÕU%HVOHQPHGDKDoRNHWHGD\DQVD RUWD\DoÕNDUÕODQ

arkeolojik buluntulardan daKD oRN VXOX \HPHNOHUL NR\PD\D X\JXQ NDSODU NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ

J|UOPHNWHGLU. 6RIUD X\JXODPDODUÕQGD øg \]\ÕOGDQ LWLEDUHQ RWXUDUDN GH÷LO ³kline´ DGÕ

YHULOHQ G|úHNOHUH X]DQDUDN \HPHk yHPHN XVXO \D\JÕQODúPÕúWÕU ù|OHQOHUGH D\DNNDEÕODUÕ

oÕNDUÕOÕU D\DNODUÕ \ÕNDQDQ GDYHWOLOHU NOLQH\H X]DQÕU HOOHU N|OHOHULQ JHWLUGL÷L LEULN YH OH÷HQGH

\ÕNDQÕUGÕ %X G|QHPGH KHQ] oDWDO YH EÕoDN ELOLQPHGL÷LQGHQ yemekler elle yenirdi. Berkok, .ODVLNGHYLUGHQLWLEDUHQDULVWRNUDWODUÕQHYOHULQGHPXWIDNODUÕQ JHQLúOHGL÷LQLYH oRNoHúLWOL yemek YHúDUDSNDSODUÕQÕQ VRIUDODUÕVVOHGL÷LQGHQV|]HGHU. *QP]GHPXWIDNDUDoYHJHUHoOHULQGHQ

EDúOÕFDODUÕRODQG]Wabakalar, tepsiler, meyvelikler; oD\DNOÕ ND]DQODUYHo|POHNOHUúLúRFDN

Õ]JDUDVÕVDWÕUYHEÕoDNODUUHQGHOHUNHSoHOHUNXOODQÕOÕUROGXø6\]\ÕODWDULKOHQHQYHKDOHQ

$QWDN\D0]HVL¶QGHEXOXQDQELU\HUmozaikteDKúDSELUPDVD]HULQGHNLE\NWHSVLGH]DULI

\XPXUWD NDSODUÕQÕ WDEDNODUÕ JPú ELU VRV NDEÕQÕ YH GL÷HU Ryma kulplu tepsileri J|UOPHNWHGLU.1

5RPD 'HYUL¶QGH $QDGROX LoLQ HQ LOJLQo PXWIDN |UQH÷LQL (SKHVRV <DPDo HYOHUL

YHUPHNWHGLU $QWLN oD÷GDNL HYOHULQ DNVLQH HYOHUGH mXWIDN ED÷ÕPVÕ] ELU PHNkn haline JHWLULOPLúWX÷ODLOH|UOPúRFDNVXVLVWHPL\OHLOJLOLNQNOHUHQLOJLQFLLVHVX\XQDoÕOÕS

NDSDQPDVÕ LOH HY LoLQGH GD÷ÕWÕPÕQÕ VD÷OD\DQ PH]XUD WDúÕ J|UOPHNWHGLU %X G|QHPGH

VHUDPLNVRIUDNDSODUÕKHUHYGHNXOODQÕOÕULNHQGDKDVRQUDODUÕ\RNVXOHYOHUGHJ|UOG Bu GXUXP5RPD'HYUL¶QGH$QDGROX¶GDJHOLúPLúYHJHOLúPHNWHRODQELUPXWIDNNOWUQQ

ROGX÷XQXQEL]OHUHJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU.2³ øg\]\ÕOGDQVRQUDPDGHQLYH|]HOOLNOHJPú

Hú\D VRIUDODUÕ JLGHUHN \D\JÕQODúWÕ <RNVXOODUGD ELOH HQ D]ÕQGDQ ELUHU JPú WX]OXN

EXOXQGXUXOXUGX'DKDVRQUDODUÕGDFDPHú\DODU\D\JÕQODúWÕ6HUYLVWHSVLYHWDEDNODUÕG]

YH oXNXU WDEDNODU NkVHOHU, VRVOXNODU NHSoH YH E\N EÕoDNODU ND]DQODU WHQFHUHOHU

WDYDODU VDKDQODU HOHN UHQGH KXQL V]JHo VDWÕU úLú ve dibek mutfak Hú\DODUÕQÕQ

EDúOÕFDODUÕQGDQGÕ´ (Berkok, 1999:182-183).

%L]DQV G|QHPLQGH oHúLWOL PDGHQOHUGHQ WRSUDNWDQ YH FDPGDQ \DSÕOPÕú oRN oHúLWOL YH

J]HOJ|UQPOWDEDNODUoDQDNODUPH\YHOLNOHUNkVHOHU, ILQFDQODUEDUGDNODUVUDKLOHU

úLúHOHUWX]OXNODUVRVNDSODUÕVHUYLVNDSODUÕNDúÕNoDWDOYHEÕoaklar da sofralarda yer DOPDNWDGÕU. %XG|QHPGHNXOODQÕODQoatallar muhtemelen 'R÷XGQ\DVÕQGDLFDWHGLOPLú

1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), $QNDUDøOL%HVOHQPH$OÕúNDQOÕNODUÕYH0XWIDN.OWU6HPSR]\XP%LOGLULOHUL ve .DWDORJ9HNDP<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD, s:182

2 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:182-183

(25)

17

buradan da %L]DQV VRIUDODUÕQGD \HU DOPÕúWÕU dDWDOÕQ QH úHNLOGH NXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ

%L]DQVOÕODUGDQ |÷UHQHQ øWDO\DQODU EXQX $YUXSD¶GDNL PXWIDN NOWUOHULQH WDQÕWPÕúWÕU1

³6HOoXNOX± 2VPDQOÕ'|QHPLVDUD\PXWIDNODUÕLVHHQOH]]HWOL\HPHNOHULQKD]ÕUODQGÕ÷Õ

PXWIDNYH\HPHNPDO]HPHOHULDoÕVÕQGDQoRN]HQJLQYHQDGLGH\HPHNWDNÕPODUÕQÕQ\HU

DOGÕ÷Õ PHNkQODUGÕU |\OH NL \HPH÷LQ ]HKLUOL ROXS ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ DQODPDN LoLQ UHQN

GH÷LúWLUGL÷LV|\OHQHQVHODGRQWDNÕPODUODVHUYLV\DSÕOÕUGÕ´ (Berkok, 1999:183).

*|UOG÷]HUH$QDGROX¶GD AQWLNoD÷GDQ EHULPXWIDNNOWULOHLOJLOL KDWÕUÕVD\ÕOÕU bir ELULNLPEXOXQPDNWDGÕU%XELULNLPGHQ$QDGROXoHYUHVLQGHEXOXQDQNOWUOHUin istifade HWWLNOHULQL J|UPHNWH\L]. $QDGROX¶QXQ FR÷UDIL RODUDN 'R÷X LOH %DWÕ DUDVÕQGD

bulunPDVÕQGDQGROD\ÕWDULKWHKHULNLPXWIDNNOWULoLQELUN|SUROPXúWXU

$QDGROXPXWIDNNOWUQQGQ\DPXWIDN NOWUOHULQLQWHPHOLROGX÷XQXQ NDQÕWÕRODUDN

\DSÕODQDUNHRORMLNND]ÕODUGDoÕNDUÕODQPXWIDNDUDoYHJHUHoOHULQLJ|VWHUHELOLUL]

$KODWOÕEHO 7UNL\H &XPKXUL\HWL¶QLQ LON ELOLPVHO ND]ÕVÕ $KODWOÕEHO¶GH AtatUN¶Q

emirleri ile EDúODPÕúWÕU $KODWOÕEHO $QNDUD¶QÕQ  NP JQH\ EDWÕVÕQGDGÕU. Berkok,

$QDGROX%DNÕUdD÷ÕNOWUQGHGR÷X YHEDWÕNDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ\|QQGHQE\NELU|QHPL

olan bu tabakaQÕQ  \ÕOODUÕQGD EDúOD\ÕS  \ÕOODUÕQGD VRQD HUGL÷LQL EHOLUWLU. Bu ND]ÕODUGD ELU WDNÕP PXWIDN DUDo YH JHUHoOHUL HOGH HGLOPLúWLU ³ \DSÕODQ EX ND]ÕGD

EDNÕUoD÷ÕQDDLWFLODOÕHOEDOWDODUÕNoNNDSODUoDQDNODU|÷WPHWDúODUÕYHNSOHUHOGH

edilPLúWLU´ (Berkok, 1999:183).

%LUGL÷HUND]ÕGD$QNDUD¶QÕQ NPJQH\EDWÕVÕQGD 3RODWOÕ¶QÕQNPNX]H\LQGHNL Frig kUDOOÕ÷ÕQÕQEDúNHQWLRODQ*RUGLRQ¶GXU*RUGLRQ¶GD øON RODUDN \ÕOÕQGDoDOÕúPDODUD

EDúODQGÕ %XOXQDQ PH]DUOÕNODU *RUGLRQ¶XQ kuzeyGR÷XVXQD, bir tepenin eteklerinde NXUXOPXúWXU ( III. %LQ,,%LQGHNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU) <DSÕODQND]ÕoDOÕúPDODUÕQHWLFHVLQGHELU

WDNÕP PXWIDN DUDoODUÕQD YH JHUHoOHULQH UDVWODQÕOPÕúWÕU. ³0LGDV¶ÕQ PH]DU RGDVÕQGD oRN

VD\ÕGD|OKHGL\HOHULHOHJHoLULOPLúWLUhoE\NEURQ]ND]DQ66 adet NDSSDUoDVÕ, 154 ILEXODHOHJHoLULOPLúWLU´ (Berkok, 1999:183).

Berkok, *D]L2UPDQdLIWOL÷LILGDQOÕ÷ÕQGD\ÕOÕQGDVXoÕNDUWPDDPDFÕLOH\DSÕODQ bir oDOÕúPDGD NDEDUWPDOÕ ELU WDúD UDVWODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ EXQXQ ]HULQH $WDWUN¶Q HPUL LOH ND]Õ

oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQEDúODWÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDQV|]HGHU%XoDOÕúPDODUQHWLFHVLQGHHOH JHoHQEXOXQWXODU

1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:183

(26)

18

EX\HULQNoNELU)ULJWPOVROGX÷XQDLúDUHWHWPHNWHGLU%XND]ÕGD yirmiyi bulan WPOVOHULQ *RUGLRQ¶GDNLOHULQ |OoVQGH ELU GH÷HU WDúÕPDNWDGÕU )LGDQOÕNWD )ULJ

N|NHQOL*RUGLRQ¶GDNLne benzeyen bronz kulplu - NXOSVX]WDVODUWHQFHUHNHoHILEXOD

RNXoODUÕYEPDO]HPHOHUEXOXQPXúWXU.1

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bulunan %LWLN +|\÷¶QGH \DSÕOPÕúWÕU %HUNRN EX K|\NWH 0g  \\¶GD EDúOD\DQ

.ODVLN dD÷ øVNkQÕ ile Frig, Hitit NDWODUÕ GR÷X YH EDWÕ $QDGROX LOH E|OJHQLQ LOJLVLQL

PH\GDQDNR\PDEDNÕPÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLRODQ%DNÕUdD÷ÕJ|UOG÷QLIDGHHGHUBu da

$QDGROX ]HULQGH YDU RODQ PHGHQL\HWOHULQ ELUELUOHUL LOH LOJLOL ROGX÷XQu GúQGUPHNWHGLU ´.ODVLN dD÷¶GD +HOHQ LúL NDS kacDNODU )ULJ¶GH ER] UHQNOL oL]JLOL

NDEDUWPDOÕ oDQDNODU +LWLW¶GH LVH DoÕN WHN UHQNOL NDSODU ile %DNÕU dD÷Õ¶QD DLW LoL VL\DK

ER\DOÕ GÕúÕDoÕNSDUODNUHQNOLNDSNDFaklar EXOXQPXúWXU+LWLt NDWÕQGDEXOXQDQ2Fak- DOWDUGLQYHVDQDWWDULKL\|QQGHQROGXNoD|QHPOLGLU´ (Berkok, 1999:184).

$QNDUD¶QÕQNPNX]H\EDWÕVÕQGD (WL\RNXúX¶QGD baraja giden yolun kenaUÕQGDdXEXN

VX\XNHQDUÕQGD¶GHDUNHRORMLNND]ÕODU\DSÕOPÕúWÕU<DSÕODQND]ÕODUÕQVWNDWODUÕQGD

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G|QHPLQHDLWNDSNDFDNODUEXOXQPXúWXU´ %HUNRN 

Berkok, $QNDUD¶QÕQ  NP JQH\LQGH (OPD 'D÷¶ÕQ HWHNOHULQGH \HUOHúPLú EXOXQDQ

.DUDR÷ODQ .|\¶QGH  \ÕOÕQGD \DSÕODQ ND]ÕODUGD K|\NWH DúD÷ÕGDQ \XNDUÕ GR÷UX

.DONROLWLNdD÷%DNÕUdD÷Õ+LWLW)ULJ+HOHQLVWLN5RPD%L]DQVdD÷Õ.OWUNDWODUÕQD

YH NDOÕQWÕODUÕQD UDVWODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWLU. BerkRN EX ND]ÕODUGD oÕNDUÕODQ HVHUOHUGHQ úX

úHNLOGH EDKVHGHU ³gQHPOL ELU )ULJ \HUOHúPH \HUL RODQ EX K|\NWH WHN UHQNOL QDNÕúOÕ

NDEDUWPDOÕ ROPDN ]HUH SHN oRN VHUDPLN oÕNDUWÕOPÕúWÕU .XOSODU PDGHQGHQ \DSÕODQ

NXOSODUÕQ NXOSODUÕQD EHQ]HPHNWHGLU. Bu katta tam bLU RFDN EX÷GD\ DUSD JLEL WDQHOHUL

|÷WPH\H\DUD\DQoXNXUWDVODUYHoRN|QHPOLELUHOGH÷LUPHQLLOH+LWLWG|QHPLQHDLWoRN

oHúLWOLoDQDNo|POHNEXOXQPXúWXU´ (Berkok, 1999:184).

1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:183

(27)

19

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UDVWODQÕOPÕúWÕU´ (Berkok, 1999:184).

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testi, 0g,,%LQLQLON\DUÕVÕQDDLWELUNS GH÷LúLNIRUPGDER\DEH]HNOLNDSSDUoDODUÕ

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bir WHVWLFLNWDúWDQ kesici aletler, bronz bir bÕoDNYHULOHELOLU1

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7UNOHU GQ\D FR÷UDI\DVÕ ]HULQGH VÕN VÕN \XUW GH÷LúWLUHUHN oRN JHQLú ELU DODQD

\D\ÕOPDODUÕ ELUoRN NOWU YH GLQLQ HWNLVL DOWÕQGD NDOPDODUÕ YH IDUNOÕ X\JDUOÕNODU

\DúDPDODUÕ VRQXFXQGD 2UWD $V\D¶GDQ JQP]H GH÷LúHQ JHOLúHQ JHOHQH÷H ED÷OÕ ELU

1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:184-185

(28)

20

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