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Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract RI0DVWHU¶V Title of the Thesis: The Soup in The Turkish Kitchen Culture
Author : +O\D*h0hù Supervisor : Assist. 3URI'U1HúLGH<,/',5,0 Date: 27.12.2011 Nu. Of pages : iv (pre text) +116 (main) +10 (app.) Department:Turkish Gramer and Lit. Subfield : Folklore
The Turks came to Anatolia from Central Asia brought with them their own eating habits.
While the Turks were coming to Anatolia from Central Asia, also they have brought along their own eating habits. While they were coming to Anatolia, they have adapted different cultures which were encountered elements of eating and drinking on the migration route to their own Structures, too. Furthermore, a rich culinary culture which Anatolia gained in the historical process has affected the eating and drinking habits of Turks. At the same time the geographical location, the climate, and the diversity of herb have changed eating and drinking habits of the Turks on the steppes of Central Asia.
Human communities living in prehistory had produced the first products emerging world culinary culture on the lands that the Ottoman and Anatolian Principalities established settled layout. Although according to the understanding of today it is presumed primitive, in the thousands of years before the Ottoman period the first experiences and experimentations of humanity about eating and drinking has been begun in Anatolia. These experiences and experimentations have contributed the enrichment of the Ottoman culinary culture.
We observe that in the world cuisines the soup has such an important place as in Turkish cuisine. Especially if we consider soup point of view Turkish culinary culture, it has another importance being at the Ottomans as a domination image unlike other culinary cultures. The Toyga food, which exists among the eating ±drinking habits of Central Asian Turkish, is a kind of soup which is consist of youghurt and crushed wheat is being consumed widely even in today that is a proof of the Turkish culinary cuOWXUH¶V URRW GHSHnds Central Asia strongly related to a tradition.
The soup is being one of the most important nutrient matters in the Turkish culinary culture which is beyond thiVLWGLVSOD\VLW¶VLPSRUWDQFHpoint of view function in the Turkish political history. Such WKDWRQHRIWKHROGWUDGLWLRQLV³SRWODo´³\D÷PD´RIWKH&HQWUDO$VLD7XUNLVK
VKRZVLWVIXQFWLRQDWWKH³GULQNLQJVRXS´WUDGLWLRQLQWKHMHQLVVDU\FHQters in the Ottomans.
For this reason, soup has became an image as sovereignty, a legitimacy and a status in the Turkish history. At the soup seemed a strong culinary culture has caused deeply discredit to argument that all of the culinaries out of the French cusine are marginal deviation of French culinary of Revel who is the a French intellectual.
Todays, particularly in many regions of Anatolia, the soup countinues to be part of social life.
Almost all villages of Anatolia are made tarhana as preparation for winter. Making tarhana shows itself a tool as a solidarity, as well as social communication among women in the villages. In this contexWKHUROHRIWKH³VRXS´EHLQJ related with stomach in the social life, further its funtion provides to fuse human relations. With Rapid urbanazition and globalization, FKDQJLQJSHRSOH¶VOLIHVW\OHVEULQJVZLWKKDELWVchanges, too. This alteration definitely causes negative case point of view making processes of traditional soups are forgetten among the people.
Key words: Culture, Food, Nutrition, Convenances, Soup
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D]DOWDQELUDUDoRODrak da |QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU´ (Baysal, 2003:13-14).
<HPHN NDYUDPÕQÕQ ELULQFL GHUHFHGHQ LQVDnÕQ \DúDPÕQÕQ GHYDPÕ LoLQ LKWL\DFÕ RODQ
HQHUMLQLQ VD÷ODQPDVÕ\OD LOLúNLOL ELU LúOHYLQLQ ROGX÷XQXQ J|UOPHVLQLQ \DQÕQGD LQVDQ- insan, insan-toplum ve toplum-toplum iliúNLOHrinde GH VRV\DO ELU LOHWLúLP DUDFÕ LúOHYL
J|UG÷ GH J|UOPHNWHGLU ³øQVDQ WRSOXPODUÕQGD JÕGD LNL WHPHO QRNWDGD |QHPOLGLU
gQFH LQVDQÕQ EHVOHQPHVL \|QQGHQ EL\RORMLN LKWL\DFÕQÕ WHPLQ HWWL÷L LoLQ JHUHNOLGLU
øNLQFL RODUDN WRSOXPVDO LOLúNLOHULQ GR÷XPXQX YH GHYDPÕQÕ VD÷ODPDVÕ EDNÕPÕQGDQ
|QHPOLGLU´ ( Saran, 1993:279-280). Atak, yeme-LoPH IDDOL\eti ilgili olarak \HPH÷LQ
LQVDQOÕ÷ÕQ en eski ve en E\N]HYNOHULQGHQELULVLROGX÷XQXV|\OHU2 ³2UWDoD÷GDQ beri uygulanmakta olan toplu beslenme sistemi, NHQWOHúPH ve VDQD\LOHúPH\H paralel olarak JHOLúPLú YH JQP] \DúDQWÕVÕQÕQ |QHPOL ELU SDUoDVÕ KDOLQH gHOPLúWLU %X oHUoHYHGH
birlikte yeme-LoPHIDDOL\HWLLQVDQODUÕVRV\DOOHúPH\H J|WUU´ (Atak, 2006: 2). Yemek, ]DPDQLoLQGHLQVDQLoLQJHUHNOLVDOWbiyolojik bir HQHUMLND\QD÷ÕROPDNWDQoÕNDUDN, insan LoLQ ]HYN DODELOHFH÷L ELU DUDFD VDQDWD YH sosyal \|Q RODQ ELU LOHWLúLP DUDFÕQD GR÷UX
HYLULOPLúWLU diyebiliriz. Birlikte yeme-LoPH olgusu ]DPDQ LoLQGH DPDo olmaktan daha oRN bir VRV\DOOHúPH DUDFÕRODUDNNDUúÕPÕ]DoÕNPDNWDGÕU3 .RoEHN\HPHNYHLúOHYLQGHQ
úXúHNLOGHV|]HGHU: ³<HPHNKHUNHVWHIDUNOÕoD÷UÕúÕPODU yaSVDGD\DúDPÕVUGUPHNLoLQ
1%D\VDO$\úHa.g.e, s:13-14
2 $WDN0³<L\Hcek-øoHFHNøúOHWPHOHULQGH6HUYLV(OHPDQODUÕQÕQ+L]PHWøoL(÷LWLPLQLQøú
7DWPLQLQH(WNLVL.X]H\.ÕEUÕV7UN&XPKXUL\HWL8\JXODPDVÕ´'RNX](\OOhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU
(QVWLWV<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]LV:2
3 .RoEHN$'³<L\HFHN-øoHFHN6HNW|UQGH+L]PHW.DOLWHVLYH0úWHUL0HPQXQL\HWL(WQLN
5HVWRUDQODUD<|QHOLN%LU$UDúWÕUPD´$QDGROXhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú
<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L, s:3
9
bir zorunluluk, bir ED÷ÕPOÕOÕN NH\LI XQVXUX D\QÕ ]DPDQGD VRV\DO ELU ROJXGXU %X
ED÷ODPGD RUWDoD÷GDQ beri ticari bir faaliyet olarak uygulanan toplu beslenme sistemi, NHQWOHúPH ve VDQD\LOHúPH\H paralel olarak JHOLúPLú JQP]de \DúDQWÕPÕ]ÕQ |QHPOL
bir SDUoDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPXúWXU´ .RoEHN, 2005:3). 7RSOXP LoLQGH IDUNOÕ VRV\R HNRQRPLN
tabakalara ait bireylerin IDUNOÕEHVOHQPHELoLPOHULROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLU'R÷DORODUDN
WRSOXPXQ DOW YH VW VÕQÕIODUÕ DUDVÕQGD ³\HPHN´ GR÷DO RODUDN IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH
DOJÕODQPDNWD YH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU $OW VÕQÕIODU LoLQ \HPHN \DúDPÕQ GHYDPÕ LoLQ
gerekli olan enerjiQLQHOGHHGLOPHVLLoLQJHUHNOLRODQELUH\OHP LNHQVWVÕQÕIODULoLQELU
zevk, sanat ya da bir VD\JÕQOÕNVD÷ODPD DUDFÕRODUDNJ|UOPHNWHGLr. <HPHNIDUNOÕVRV\R
HNRQRPLN VÕQÕIODUFD KHU QHNDGDU IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH DOJÕODQÕ\RU LVH GH EWQ VÕQÕIODUFD
ortak nokta ]RUXQOXYHYD]JHoLOPH]bir eylem ROGX÷XGXU.
%X WU DOÕúNDQOÕNODU R WRSOXPXQ NOWUHO ELU SDUoDVÕGÕU 7RSOXPXQ \DúDP úekli, o toplumun beslenPH NOWUQ \DQVÕWPDNWDGÕU Toplumun yDúDP úeklinin GH÷LúPHVL, beslenme DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ YHNOWUQQGH÷LúPHVLQGH |QHPOLELUHWNHQGLU 7RSOXPODUÕ
ELUELULQGHQD\ÕUDQHQWHPHOJ|VWHUJHNXúNXVX]NOWUHONLPOLNOHULGLU7RSOXPXQNOWUHO
NLPOL÷LQLQ ELoLPOHQPHVL R WRSOXPXQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ FR÷UDI\DGD WDULK LoLQGH \DúDGÕNODUÕ YH
oHYUHVLQGHQ HGLQH JHOPLú ROGX÷X ELOJL YH WHFUEHOHUH GD\DQPDNWDGÕU GL\HELOLUL] %LU
toplumun beslenme VLVWHPLQLQELoLPOHQPHVLGHEXúHNLOGHRUWD\DoÕNPDNWDGÕU%D\VDO, iQVDQÕQFDQÕQÕQoHNWL÷L\DGD KD]GX\GX÷XúHNLOGHEHVOHQPHVLQL JHoPLúGHQH\LPOHULnin, DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQGLQLLQDQoODUÕQÕQJHOHQHNYHJ|UHQeklerinin sonucu ROGX÷XQXYH VRQXo
olarak da beslenme ELoLPLQLQ WRSOXPGDQ WRSOXPD NLúLGHQ NLúL\H GH÷LúWL÷LQGHQ
bahseder.1 ³%X GH÷LúLNOLNOHU VRQXFX KHU WRSOXPXQ NHQGLQH |]J PXWIDN YH EHVOHQPH
NOWURUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU%HVOHQPHYHPXWIDNNOWUQQ|]HOOL÷L\HPHNKD]ÕUOama ve
SLúLUPHGH J|UOG÷ JLEL EHVLQ VHoLPLQGH YH VRIUD G]HQLQGH GH EHOLUJLQOHúPLúWLU´
(Baysal, 2007:1-2).
Baysal, tRSOXPNOWU\OHELUOLNWHJHOLúHQEHVOHQPHDOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ EHVOHQPHYHVD÷OÕN
\|QQGHQ \DUDUOÕRODQODUNDGDU]DUDUOÕX\JXODPDODUÕGDLoHUHELOHFH÷LQLV|\OHU. Toplum LoLQGH EHVLQOHULQ VHoLPL KD]ÕUODQPDVÕ YH WNHWLPL LOH LOJLOL GDYUDQÕúODU aLW ROGX÷X
NOWUGH WDULKVHO VUHo LoLQGH HGLQH JHOLQPLú WHFUEHOHULQ QHVLOGHQ QHVLOH DNWDUÕODUDN
X\JXODPDVÕ \DSÕODQ³|÷UHQLOPLúGDYUDQÕú´ODUGÕU Baysal, EXGDYUDQÕúODUÕQ LoHUHELOHFH÷L
\DQOÕúDOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQ beslenme bilgisi veULOHUHNHWNLOHQHELOHFH÷LV|yler. Toplumda uzun
1 %D\VDO$\úH *HQHO%HVOHQPH+DWLSR÷OX<D\ÕQODUÕ Ankara, s:1-2
10
ELU ]DPDQ GLOLPL LoLQGH JHOLúHQ DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQ YH GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ GH÷LúWLULOPHVL Jo ve
\DYDú LúOH\HQ ELU VUHoWLU 7RSOXPGD YDU RODQ \DQOÕú X\JXODPD DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ
GH÷LúWLULOPHVL YH \HULQH X\JXQ RODQ DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ \HUOHúWLULOPHVL X]XQ ELU VUHo
VRQXQGDVD÷ODQDELOLU³'DYUDQÕúGH÷LúLNOL÷L\DUDWPDNNDGDUND]DQGÕUÕODQ\HQLGDYUDQÕú
ELoLPLQLQ NLúLOHUFH GHYDP HWWLULOPHVLQL VD÷ODPDN GD |QHPOLGLU %X QHGHQOH KDONÕQ
EHVOHQPH \|QQGHQ ELoLPOHQGLULOPHVL LoLQ HWNLQ YH VUHNOL EHVOHQPH H÷LWLmi progrDPODUÕ \DSÕOÕS X\JXODQPDOÕGÕU´ (Baysal, 1999: 246). ³Yemek, bilimle sanaWÕQ
ELUOHúPHVLQLQ ELU UQGU´ (Baysal, 2003:11). $\úH %D\VDO \HPH÷LQ ELULQFL DPDFÕ
RODUDNLQVDQÕQ\DúDPÕLoLQJHUHNOLEHVLQ|÷HOHULQLQ VD÷ODQPDVÕROGX÷XQXV|\OHUYHLQVDQ
yDYUXVXQXQE\PHYHJHOLúPHVL\DúDPÕQVUHNOLOL÷LQLQVD÷ODQPDVÕGÕúHWNLOHUHNDUúÕ
NRUXQPDVÕLoLQHOOLFLYDUÕQGDWUGHEHVLQ |÷HVLQH LKWL\DFÕROGX÷XQXEHlirtir.1 g]HOOLNOH
7UN \HPHN NOWU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH \HPH÷LQ VDGHFH ELU EHVOHQPH WDU]Õ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ anlayabiliriz. ³7UN\HPHNNOWUVRV\DOG]HQLVD÷OD\DQ |QHPOLELUXQVXUGXU'HYOHW
idaresinde, UHVPL W|UHQOHULQ G]HQOHQPHVLQGH NRPúXOXN LOLúNLOHULQGH ve misafirlerin D÷ÕUODQPDVÕQGD GL÷HU aktiviteler kadar etkili ROGX÷XQX J|UPHNWH\L]´ (,úÕN, 2006:1).
YemeN .OWU WRSOXPX ROXúWXUDQ ELUH\OHULQ RUWDN \HPHN DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ YH
X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQELUEWQGU
.OWU, WRSOXPGDNL ELUH\OHULQ RUWDN GDYUDQÕú ELoLPLGLU %X GDYUDQÕú ELoLPOHULQLQ
besinlerin VHoLOPHVL LúOHnPHVL YH WNHWLOPHVL LOH LOJLOL RODQODUÕQa ³ %HVOenme
$OÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ´ GHQLU2 ³øQVDQ \DúDPÕQÕQ GR÷DO JHUH÷L RODQ \HPHN JGV EHVOHQPH
DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQWHPHOLQLROXúWXUXU´%D\VDO246 ). Baysal, iQVDQODUÕQEHVOHQPH
LOHLOJLOLGDYUDQÕúYHX\JXODPDODUÕWDUÕPHNRQRPLNFR÷UDILNJLELoRNoHúLWOLHWmenlerin etkiVL\OH ROXúPDNWD YH JHOLúWL÷LQGHQ V|] HGHU. Tarih boyunca besinler ve yemekler WNHWHQ NLúL\H IL]\RORMLN ROGX÷X NDGDU SVLNRORMLN YH NOWUHO GR\XP GD VD÷ODPÕúWÕU3 Baysal bu nedenle yemeklerin hem somut hHP GH VR\XW QLWHOLNOHUH VDKLS ROGX÷X
J|UúQ RUWD\D DWDU. ³7DW NRNX VÕFDNOÕN J|UQP \DSÕ EHVLQ GH÷HUL YE KDONÕQ
WDúÕGÕ÷ÕL]OHQLPOHUEHVLQ\DGD\HPHNLOHLOJLOLVR\XWNDYUDPODUSVLNRORMLNYHNOWUHO
|]HOOLNOHUX]XQELU]DPDQVUHFLQLQJHUHNWLUGL÷LELULNLPOHUVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPDNWDGÕU´
(Baysal, 1999:246).
1 %D\VDO$\úH (2003) ,a.g.e, s:12
2 %D\VDO$\úH (1999) ,a.g.e, s:246
3 %D\VDO$\úH (1999) ,a.g.e, s:246
11
øQVDQR÷OXQXQ \DúDPÕQÕ GHYDPHWWLUHELOPHVLLoLQ LKWL\DoGX\GX÷XHQ|QHPOLgereksinimi
³\HPHN\HPHN´ tir. )DUNOÕFR÷UDI\DODUGD\DúDPÕQÕVUGUHQWRSOXPODUGD\HPHN ile ilgili DOÕúNDQOÕNODU toplumdan topluma farNOÕOÕNODUJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU AOÕúNDQOÕNODUGDJ|UOHQEX
WU IDUNOÕODúPD R WRSOXPXQ NOWUHO ELU NLPOLN |÷HVL RODUDN RUWD\D oÕNDU. g]GHPLU
toplumun beslenme kOWUQQ \DúDP úHNOL LOH \DNÕQGDQ LOJLOL ROGX÷XQX VDYXQXU
7RSOXPXQ \DúDP úeklinin GH÷LúPHVL, beslenme DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ ve NOWUQQ
GH÷LúPHVLQGH |QHPOL ELU HWNHQGLU1 ³<HPHN \HPHN´ LúOHYL VDOW IL]LNVHO YH EL\RORMLN
LKWL\DFÕQ NDUúÕODQPDVÕ RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL ROGXNoD \HWHUVL] NDODFDNWÕU 2\VD
g]GHPLU³\HPHN\HPH´LúOHYLQLQELUVRV\DOELULúOHYVWOHQGL÷LQHGH úXúHNLOGHvurgu
\DSDU ³<HPHN YH LoHFHN XQVXUODUÕ LQVDQÕQ EHVOHQPHVL YH GROD\VÕ\OD \DúDPÕQ
VUGUOPHVL JLEL WHPHO LKWL\DoODUÕQGDQ ELULQLQ JLGHULOPHVLQGH NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ JLEL IDUNOÕ
sosyo-NOWUHO DQODPODUÕQ GD DNWDUÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODUODU´ (g]GHPLU 2002:66). Toplum LoLQGHVRV\DOELULúOHYLRODQ³\HPHN\HPH´QLQg]GHPLU¶LQ GHV|]HWWL÷LVRV\R-NOWUHO
DQODPODUÕQDNWDUÕPÕKLoNXúNXVX]ELUWDNÕPXQVXUODUÕQDQODPROXúWXUDFDNYHWDúÕ\DFDN
ELU úHNLOGH bir araya gelerek bir sistem WHúNLO HWPHVLGLU ³<HPHN YH LoHFHN DODQÕ
ayUÕQWÕOÕ ELU úHNLOGH KD]ÕUODQDQ VXQXODQ YH WNHWLOHQ ROGXNoD NDUPDúÕN XQVXUODU YH
X\JXODPDODUGDQ ROXúPDNWDGÕU %X DODQ WÕSNÕ GLO JL\LP JLEL VRV\RNOWUHO ED÷ODPGD ROXúDQELUJ|VWHUJHOHUVLVWHPLGLU´g]GHPLU 7RSOXPLoLQGHVRV\DOYHNOWUHO
bLULúOHYLRODQ³\HPHN \HPH´QLQDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕ\HPHNNOWUQROXúWXUDQKHUELU
DOW ELULPGH NHQGLQL IDUNOÕ ELU ELoLPGH NHQGLQL J|VWHULU YHPHN PDO]HPHOHUL NDWNÕ
PDGGHOHULSLúLUPHWHNQLNOHULVXQXúYHWNHWLPWDU]ODUÕ\HPHNYHLoHFHNNDSODU|÷Q
sisWHPLGDYHWOHU\HPHNNXUDOODUÕ\HPHNYHLoHFHN\DVDNODUÕ´JLELalt alanlar, yemek ve LoHFHNDODQÕQÕQDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕQÕQJ|UOG÷\HUOHUGLUg]GHPLUEu alan sayesinde VRV\DO UROOHU YH LOLúNLOHULQ ilgili temel ileWLOHU JHUHNOL NLúLOHUH DNWDUÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ belirtir.
.OWUHONLPOLNIDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQJ|VWHULOGL÷L\HPHNYHLoHFHNRUWDPODUÕDQODPDNWDUÕPODUÕ
\DQÕQ GD D\QÕ ]DPDQGD ³ELUOHúWLULFL GD\DQÕúPD\Õ VD÷OD\ÕFÕ SHNLúWLULFL o|]POH\LFL´
IDDOL\HWOHULGHLoLQGHEDUÕQGÕUÕU.2 ³%LUH\|]HOOLNOHWRSOX\HPHNOHULQ\HQGL÷LVRIUDODUGD
VRV\DOOHúWL÷L JLEL NHQGL NOWUQ WDQÕU DNWDUÕU \DúDWÕU YH JHOHQHN DGÕ YHULOHQ L]OH÷H
X\JXQ RODUDN \HQLGHQ \DUDWÕU 0LOOHWOHUL ELUELULQGHQ D\ÕUDQ WHPHO VDKDODUÕQ EDúÕQGD
PXWIDNNOWU gelmektedir´ g]GHPLU, 2002:66).
1 g]GHPLU1HEL , 7UNL\H¶GH6L\DVDO3DUWL.OWU7KH3ROLWLFDO3DUW\&XOWXUHLQ7XUNH\/D
culture de parti politique en Turquie, Milli FoONORUho$\OÕN8OXVODU$UDVÕ+DON%LOLPL'HUJLVL&LOW
<ÕO6D\Õ, s:66
2 g]GHPLU1HEL, a.g.e, s:66
12
g]GHPLU¶LQ EHOLUWPLú ROGX÷X JLEL \HPHN oHúLWOL XQVXUODUÕ YH X\JXODPDODUÕ EQ\HVLQGH
EDUÕQGÕUDQELU|÷HGLU%LUH\LQNHQGLVLQGHEDúOD\ÕSDLOHWRSOXPPLOOHWYHPLOOHWOHULoLQ
KHPVRV\DOELUDUDoQLWHOL÷L WDúÕPDVÕKHP GHELUNOWUHONLPOLNROXúXPXQGDHWNLQELU
unsur RODUDN NDUúÕPÕ]D oÕNÕ\RU ROPDVÕ yemek±NOWU LOLúNLVL DoÕVÕQGDQ |QHP arz etmektedir.
1.2. 0XWIDN.OWU
1.2.1. 'Q\D0XWIDN.OWUQH*HQHO%LU%DNÕú
³0XWIDN $UDSoD PDWEDK V|]F÷QGHQ JHOLU N|N ³WDEK´ SLúLUPH GHPHNWLU 7DEkKDW
DúoÕOÕN \HPHN SLúLUPe saQDWÕ DQODPÕQGDGÕU´ (PLUR÷OX, 2001:118). Baysal, insanÕQ
\DúDPÕ LoLQ JHUHNOL olan besinleri her yerde ve her ]DPDQ EXODELOPH\L JDUDQWL DOWÕna DOGÕNWDQ VRQUD \HPH YH LoPHQLQ bir zevk RODUDN DOJÕODPD\D EDúODGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWLU.1 g]HOOLNOH \|QHWLFL NRQXPXQGD EXOXQDQODUÕQ EHVLQ EXOPD ND\JÕVÕQGDQ X]DN ROPDODUÕ
nedeniyle yeme-LoPH H\OHPL ELULQFLO LúOHYLQGHQ IDUNOÕ RODUDN LQVDQÕQ KD] GX\JXVXQD
FHYDSYHUHFHNELUúHNLOGHanlam kazanmaya EDúODPÕúWÕU. Yeme ±LoPHQLQKD]GX\JXVXQD
FHYDSYHUHQELUDUDoROPD\DEDúODPDVÕQÕQ vHGDKDIDUNOÕWDWODUDXODúPDLVWH÷LQLQ\HQLELU
X]PDQOÕN DODQÕQÕQ RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕQD QHGHQ ROGX÷XQGDQ V|] HGHELOLUL] ³<|QHWLFL
NRQXPXQGD EXOXQDQODUÕQ WRSOXOXNODUÕQ \HWHUOL WU YH PLNWDUOarda besin bulup EXODPDGÕNODUÕQD DOGÕUÕúHWPHGHQFDQODUÕQÕQLVWHGL÷LJLEL\HPHYHLoPH\LVWDWOHULQLQELU
JHUH÷L JLEL J|UHUHN DúoÕOÕN VDQDWÕQÕQ YH \HPHN oHúLWOHULQLQ JHOLúPHVLQH |QD\DN
ROPXúODUGÕU%XGXUXPWRSOXPODUGDDoYHDúÕUÕWRNVÕQÕIODUÕQROXúPDVÕQD\RODoPÕúWÕU´
(Baysal, 2003:9-10). %XQXQ \DQÕQGD KHU QH NDGDU %D\VDO \|QHWLFLOHULQ \|QHWWLNOHUL
WRSOXPODUÕQ\HWHUOLPLNWDUGDEHVLQEXOXSEXOPDGÕNODUÕQDDOGÕUÕúHWPHNVL]LQ\HPHLoPH\L
NHQGLOHULQHDLWELUD\UÕFDOÕNROXúWXUGX÷XQXV|\OHVHGHGXUXPEWQ\OHE|\OHGH÷LOGLU
(VNL2UWD$V\D7UNND÷DQODUÕKDONÕQÕNRUX\XSNROODPDNLOHNHQGLOHULQLJ|UHYOLRODUDN
J|UPHNWHGLUOHU %XQXQ \DQÕQGD 2VPDQOÕ VXOWDQODUÕ NHQGLOHULQLQ KDONÕQÕ GR\XUPDNOD
vazifeli ROGXNODUÕQÕ J|UPHNWHGLUOHU +DONÕQÕ GR\XUPDN ELU PHúUXL\HW J|VWHUJHVLGLU
%LOJLQ EX NRQX LOH LOJL RODUDN úXQODUÕ LIDGH HGHU ³ $YUDV\D GHYOHWOHULQGH WHE¶DQÕQ
GR\XUXOPDVÕQÕQJHOHQHNVHOYHGLQLELU|GHYDGGHGLOPHVLQLQ|WHVLQGHGHYOHWOHULQKDONÕQ
LDúHVL\OHGR÷UXGDQLOJLOHQPHOHULQLJHUHNWLUHQ\HWHUOLQHGHQOHULYDUGÕ´%LOJLQ
$\UÕFD %LOJLQ øWDO\DQ úHKLU GHYOHWOHULQLQ LDúHOHULQLQ DVÕUODUFD \HUHO \|QHWLPOHUFH
1 %D\VDO$\úH (2003), a.g.e, s:9-10
13
NDUúÕODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ IDNDW µOL \ÕOODUGDQ VRQUD NUDO WDUDIÕQGDQ |]HO RODUDN LDúH LOH LOJLOL
LúOHUGHQ VRUXPOX HU]DN EDNDQÕ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕODELOHFHN bir Erzak emini atanGÕ÷ÕQGDQ
V|]HGHU.1
'Q\D PXWIDN NOWUQQ úHNLOOHQPHVLQGH WRSOXPODUÕQ NHQGLQH DLW \HUOL IDNW|UOHULQ
HWNLVLQLQ \DQÕQGD NUHVHOOHúPH YH ELU WDNÕP WRSOXPVDO YH VRV\RORMLN ROD\ODU GD rol R\QDPÕúWÕU Sanayi Devriminin sonucu kent olgusunun RUWD\DoÕNÕúÕ)UDQVÕ]GHYULPLYH
EXQDED÷OÕWRSOXPVDO\DúDPGDJ|UOHQVL\DVLYHVRV\DOGH÷LúLPYH\]\ÕOODUGD
\DSÕODQE\NVDYDúODUYHEXQODUÕQQHGHQROGX÷XE\NJ|oOHUEXQODUÕQKHSVLJQP]
GQ\DPXWIDNODUÕQÕúHNLOOHQGLUHQHQWHPHOVRV\RORMLNROD\ODUGÕU%XQXn \DQÕQGDLOHWLúLP
YHXODúÕPÕQJHOLúPHVL\OHELUOLNWHIDUNOÕNOWUOHUHDLWWRSOXPODUÕQELUELUL\OHLOLúNLVL KHU
]DPDQNLQGHQ GDKD ID]OD ROPDNWDGÕU ³.UHVHOOHúPH GH LQVDQÕQ \HPH÷H EDNÕúÕQÕQ
GH÷LúPHVLQH QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU %XQXQ VRQXFX VDQD\LOHúPLú EDWÕ ONHOHULQGH GR÷XQXQ
\HPHN NOWUQH LOJL DUWPÕúWÕU %X ONHOHUGH dLQ +LQW -DSRQ \HPHNOHUL UHWHQ
lokantDODU PDQWDU JLEL oR÷DOPDNWDGÕU´ (Baysal, 2003:11). %LU GL÷HU \DQGDQ EWn bu JHOLúPHOHU IDUNOÕ GDPDN WDWODUÕQÕ YH NOWUOHULQL IDUNOÕ FR÷UDI\DODUGD WDQÕPD IÕUVDWÕ
vermektedir.
%LUONHGH\|UHOHUDUDVÕnda bile damak tadÕ, PXWIDNNOWUGH÷iúPHNWHGLUhONHOHUYH\D
XOXVODUDUDVÕQGD lezzet, hazÕUODPD PXWIDN NOWU IDUNODUÕnÕn olmasÕ NDoÕnÕlmazdÕr. Bu farklÕlÕklarÕn yanÕQGDGQ\DQÕn her tarafÕnda pizza, pizza olarak vardÕr ve øtalyanlarÕn oldu÷u bilinir. FransÕzlarÕn file miQ\RQXGQ\DQÕn her yerinde aynÕúekilde hazÕrlanÕr.
7UNOHULQ úiú kebabÕnÕ yurdumuza gelen her turist ister. FarklÕ ONHOHULQ PXWIDN
NOWUOHULúXúHNLOGH|QSODQDoÕNPDNWDGÕU
FransÕz Mutfa÷Õ 'Q\DFD WDQÕnmÕú bir mutfaktÕU 6RVOX \HPHNOHUL |Q SODQGDGÕr.
UygulanmasÕ NROD\ ELU PXWIDN NOWUQH VDKLSWLU %WQ GQ\DGDNL PXWIDN WHULPOHUL
FransÕ]FD N|NHQOLGLU gUQH÷in alakart, gastronom, chef de cuisine vb. Etli, balÕklÕ
yemekleri, tartODUÕ, pastalarÕ, úDUDSYHSH\QLUOHULQOGU
øngiliz Mutfa÷Õ: FransÕz mutfa÷ÕNDGDUQOGH÷ildir, Kaliteli etler ve haúlama sebzeler WHUFLKHGLOLU6WOWDWOÕlarÕ sevilir (cheese cake). KahvaltÕ\D|QHPYHULUOHU%HúoD\ODUÕ
|QHPOLGLU$Núam yemekleri daha zengin olur.
1 Bilgin, Arif ( 2004), OVPDQOÕ6DUD\0XWID÷Õ.LWDSHYL<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXO, s:13.
14
Alman Mutfa÷Õ: Patates ve lahana mutfa÷Õn baúyiyece÷idir. 'HQL]UQOHULYHGRPX]
etinden hazÕUODQDQ MDPERQ YE oRN WNHWLOLU *HOHQHNOHUL YH LNOLP NRúullarÕ Alman PXWID÷ÕQÕúekillendirmiúWLU3DVWDYHHNPHNoHúLGLoRNWXU
øskandinav MutfaklarÕ: So÷uk olmalarÕ nedeniyle ya÷lÕ, unlu ve úekerli yiyecekler a÷ÕrlÕklÕdÕU.DOLWHOLGHQL]UQOHULQGHQ\DSÕODQ\L\HFHNOHULYH'DQLPDUND¶QÕn pasta ve E|UHNOHULQOGU
øspanyol Mutfa÷Õ: AcÕlÕ yemekleri meúKXUGXU +HU \|UHQLQ NHQGLQH |]J \HPHNOHUL
vardÕU'HQL]UQOHULoRNWXU
øtalyan Mutfa÷Õ: <HPHNOHULWDULKLYHJHoPLúdo÷XNOWUQHGD\DQÕr. Pizza, spagetti, PDNDUQDoHúLWOHULQOGU.
Kuzey Amerika Mutfa÷Õ: Amerikan yeme alÕúkanlÕklarÕ øngilizlere benzer. Ancak farklÕgruplar farklÕ\HPHNNOWUROXúturmuúlardÕr.
*QH\ $PHULND 0XWID÷Õ: Tropikal iklime sahip olduklarÕ LoLQ farklÕ UQOHU
yetiúmektedir. De÷iúik gruplarÕn farklÕyemek alÕúkanlÕklarÕoluúmuútur.
%\NEDú hayvanlarÕn yanÕnda maymun eti, timsah eti, iri karÕnca gibi úeyler de WNHWLOPHNWHGLU
Rus Mutfa÷Õ: So÷uk iklim oldu÷X LoLQ \HPHNOHUL \D÷lÕ ve a÷ÕrdÕU 'Q\Dca QO
\HPHNOHULoRNWXUgUQHN%RUooRUEDVÕ, kievski, havyar vb.
Japon Mutfa÷Õ: $YUXSD YH 7UN PXWID÷ÕQGDQ oRN IDUNOÕdÕr. Yemekleri ve yeme úHNLOOHULLOJLoHNLFLGLUdL÷balÕklarÕoL÷VHE]HOHULVR\DVRVXQOGU
Asya Mutfa÷Õ: %HOOL ELU G|QHPGH 7UNL devletlerin oldu÷X E|OPGH SLODY QOGU
$QDGROX7UNPXWID÷ÕNOWUYH5XVPXWID÷ÕkarÕúÕmÕJ|UOU7D\ODQG(QGRQH]\D
6LQJDSXUJLELONHOHUGHEHVOHQPHYHNOWUIDUNOÕdÕr. 7HPHOEHVLQEXUDODUGDGDSLULQoWLU
Kuzey Afrika Mutfa÷Õ: %XUDODUGDNLONHOHUøVODPONHOHULGLU)DV&H]D\LU7XQXVJLEL
øVODPONHOLQGHNL\HPHNDOÕúkanlÕklarÕbirbirine benzer, pilavlarÕ QOGU.1
1.7UN0XWIDN.OWUYH6RIUD$GDEÕ
7UN 0XWIDN NOWU GHQLOGL÷LQGH, 7UNL\H WRSUDNODUÕ ]HULQGH \DúD\DQ LQVDQODUÕQ
WNHWPLú oldX÷X \L\HFHN YH LoHFHNOHU LOH EXQODUÕQ KD]ÕUODQPDVÕQGD SLúLULOPHVLQGH ve VDNODQPDVÕQGDNXOODQÕODQDUDo JHUHoYHWHNQLNOHU DQODúÕOPDOÕGÕU7UN0XWIDNNOWU
1 7&0LOOL(÷LWLP%DNDQOÕ÷Õ0(*(30HVOHNL(÷LWLPYHg÷UHWLP6LVWHPLQLQ*oOHQGLULOPHVL3URMHVL
<L\HFHNøoHFHN+L]PHWOHUL± 8OXVODUDUDVÕg]HOdRUEDODU$QNDUD, s:3-4
15
GQ\DQÕQ HQ |QHPOL PXWIDNODUÕ DUDVÕQGD \HU DOPDNWDGÕU 7UNL\H¶GH \HUHO PXWIDNODUÕQ
|]JQHWNLOHULQLLoLQGHEDUÕQGÕUDQN|NOYHoRN\|QOELUPXWIDNNOWU\DúDPDNWDGÕU
'L÷HU NOWUOHUOH \DúDQDQ HWNLOHúLP $V\D YH $QDGROX PXWIDNODUÕQÕQ VXQPXú ROGX÷X
UQOHULQoHúLWOLOL÷L6HOoXNOXYH2VPDQOÕVDUD\ODUÕQGDJHOLúHQ yeni tatlar gibi nedenler EXJQN7UN0XWIDNNOWUQQoHúLWOHQPHVLQGH ve úHNLOOHQPHVLQGH rol R\QDPÕúWÕU.
³Bir toplumun sahip ROGX÷X NOWUHOGH÷HUOHU, toplumlaUÕQ\DúDPELoLPOHUL, yeme-LoPH
DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕ ]HULQGH HWNLOLGLU )DUNOÕ WRSOXPODUÕQ IDUNOÕ NOWUOHUH VDKLS ROGX÷X bir JHUoHNWLU 7UNWRSOXPXGD\HPHNoHúLWOHULWDGÕ|]HOOL÷L EDNÕPÕQGDQGL÷HU topluluklara J|UH IDUNOÕOÕNODU J|VWHUPHNWHGLU´ (*OHU ). ³7UNOHU WDULKWH \HU DOPD\D
EDúODGÕNODUÕ DQGDQ LWLEDUHQ EHVOHQPH\H oRN |QHP YHUPLúOHUGLU <HPH LoPH VRV\DO
hayatta her zamDQ|QHPOLELUIDNW|U ROPXúWXUg\OHNL7UNLGDUHFLOHUL KDONÕQÕDoYH
oÕSODNEÕUDNPDPD\ÕDQDLONHRODUDNJ|UPúOHUGLU´ (Talas,2005:273-283). ³7UN0XWIDN
NOWULQFHOHQGL÷LQGH7UNOHULQYH\]\ÕOD GD\DQDQ2UWD$V\D¶GDQJQP]H
GH÷LQ VUHQ WDULhVHO ELU VUHFL J|UHELOPHNWH\L]´ *OHU 2010:24 7UN PXWIDN
NOWUQQ WDULKVHO VUHo LoLQGH JHOLúLPLQGH KLo NXúNXVX] ELUoRN IDNW|UOHULQ URO
R\QDGÕ÷ÕQÕ |Q J|UHELOLUL] ³$V\D YH $QDGROX WRSUDNODUÕQÕQ VXQPXú ROGX÷X UQOHULQ
oHúLWOLOL÷L WDULKVHO VUHo ER\unca GL÷HU NOWUOHUOH \DúDQDQ HWNLOHúLP 6HOoXNOX YH
2VPDQOÕ VDUD\ODUÕQGD \HQL JHOLúHQ WDWODUÕQ YDUOÕ÷Õ 0H]RSRWDP\D¶GDQ ND\QDNODQDQ
$QDGROX PXWID÷ÕQÕQ YDUOÕ÷Õ JLEL HWNHQOHU 7UN PXWID÷ÕQÕQ UHQNOLOL÷LQL ve oHúLW ]HQJLQOL÷LQL VD÷OD\DQ XQVXUODUGÕU´ *OHU 2010:24-25 7DULKVHO VUHce EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD:
³Asya g|oHEH NOWUQGHQ EDúODPDN ]HUH $QDGROX 6HOoXNOX YH 2VPDQOÕ JHoPLúLQH GD\DQDQ7UN0XWIDNNOWUJQP]HNDGar biroRN HYUHOHUGHQJHoHUHN JHOLúPLú ve ROJXQODúPÕúWÕU´ (*OHU). 7DULKVHOVUHoLoLnde gHOLúPHYHROJXQODúPDVUHFLQL
³PHGHQL\HWOHULQ NDYúD÷Õ´ RODQ $QDGROX¶GD ELoLPOHQGLUPLú olan 7UN PXWIDN NOWU
gaVWURQRPLX]PDQODUÕQDJ|UH GQ\DQÕQ|QHPOLPXWIDNODUÕDUDVÕQGD\HUDOPDNWDGÕU
2VPDQOÕYH6HOoXNOXODUÕQ\HUOHúLNG]HQHJHoWL÷L$QDGROX¶GD NHQGLOHULQGHQGDKD|QFH
YDU RODQ ]HQJLQ NOWU ELULNLPLQGHQ \DUDUODQPÕúODUGÕU $UNHRORMLN ND]ÕODUGDQ RUWD\D
oÕNDUÕODQ PXWIDN DUDo YH JHUHoOHUL $QDGROX¶QXQ ]HQJLQ ELU PXWIDN NOWU deneyimine VDKLS ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %XQODUD |UQHN RODUDN øg \]\ÕOGDNL +RPHURV¶XQ
øO\DGDYH2GH\VVHLDDGOÕHVHUOHULQGHDQWLNoD÷GD \HPHNYHVRIUDX\JXODPDODUÕQGDQV|]HGLOLU
Bu eserlerde evlerde PXWIDNLoLQD\UÕELUPLPDULELULPROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|UPHNWH\L](YOHULQLoLQGH
PXKWHPHOHQHOHNWUL÷LQKHQ]JHOPHGL÷L\DNÕQJHoPLúWHNLELUoRNAnadolu N|\HYOHULQLQLoLQGHNL
16
DWHúLQ \DNÕOGÕ÷Õ RFDNODUD EHQ]H\HQ PHJDURQ EXOXQXU MHJDURQ¶XQ LoLQGH \HU DODQ DWHúWHQ
ÕVÕQPDYHD\GÕQODQPDLoLQ\DUDUODQÕOPDNWDGÕU%HVOHQPHGDKDoRNHWHGD\DQVD RUWD\DoÕNDUÕODQ
arkeolojik buluntulardan daKD oRN VXOX \HPHNOHUL NR\PD\D X\JXQ NDSODU NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ
J|UOPHNWHGLU. 6RIUD X\JXODPDODUÕQGD øg \]\ÕOGDQ LWLEDUHQ RWXUDUDN GH÷LO ³kline´ DGÕ
YHULOHQ G|úHNOHUH X]DQDUDN \HPHk yHPHN XVXO \D\JÕQODúPÕúWÕU ù|OHQOHUGH D\DNNDEÕODUÕ
oÕNDUÕOÕU D\DNODUÕ \ÕNDQDQ GDYHWOLOHU NOLQH\H X]DQÕU HOOHU N|OHOHULQ JHWLUGL÷L LEULN YH OH÷HQGH
\ÕNDQÕUGÕ %X G|QHPGH KHQ] oDWDO YH EÕoDN ELOLQPHGL÷LQGHQ yemekler elle yenirdi. Berkok, .ODVLNGHYLUGHQLWLEDUHQDULVWRNUDWODUÕQHYOHULQGHPXWIDNODUÕQ JHQLúOHGL÷LQLYH oRNoHúLWOL yemek YHúDUDSNDSODUÕQÕQ VRIUDODUÕVVOHGL÷LQGHQV|]HGHU. *QP]GHPXWIDNDUDoYHJHUHoOHULQGHQ
EDúOÕFDODUÕRODQG]Wabakalar, tepsiler, meyvelikler; oD\DNOÕ ND]DQODUYHo|POHNOHUúLúRFDN
Õ]JDUDVÕVDWÕUYHEÕoDNODUUHQGHOHUNHSoHOHUNXOODQÕOÕUROGXø6\]\ÕODWDULKOHQHQYHKDOHQ
$QWDN\D0]HVL¶QGHEXOXQDQELU\HUmozaikteDKúDSELUPDVD]HULQGHNLE\NWHSVLGH]DULI
\XPXUWD NDSODUÕQÕ WDEDNODUÕ JPú ELU VRV NDEÕQÕ YH GL÷HU Ryma kulplu tepsileri J|UOPHNWHGLU.1
5RPD 'HYUL¶QGH $QDGROX LoLQ HQ LOJLQo PXWIDN |UQH÷LQL (SKHVRV <DPDo HYOHUL
YHUPHNWHGLU $QWLN oD÷GDNL HYOHULQ DNVLQH HYOHUGH mXWIDN ED÷ÕPVÕ] ELU PHNkn haline JHWLULOPLúWX÷ODLOH|UOPúRFDNVXVLVWHPL\OHLOJLOLNQNOHUHQLOJLQFLLVHVX\XQDoÕOÕS
NDSDQPDVÕ LOH HY LoLQGH GD÷ÕWÕPÕQÕ VD÷OD\DQ PH]XUD WDúÕ J|UOPHNWHGLU %X G|QHPGH
VHUDPLNVRIUDNDSODUÕKHUHYGHNXOODQÕOÕULNHQGDKDVRQUDODUÕ\RNVXOHYOHUGHJ|UOG Bu GXUXP5RPD'HYUL¶QGH$QDGROX¶GDJHOLúPLúYHJHOLúPHNWHRODQELUPXWIDNNOWUQQ
ROGX÷XQXQEL]OHUHJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU.2³ øg\]\ÕOGDQVRQUDPDGHQLYH|]HOOLNOHJPú
Hú\D VRIUDODUÕ JLGHUHN \D\JÕQODúWÕ <RNVXOODUGD ELOH HQ D]ÕQGDQ ELUHU JPú WX]OXN
EXOXQGXUXOXUGX'DKDVRQUDODUÕGDFDPHú\DODU\D\JÕQODúWÕ6HUYLVWHSVLYHWDEDNODUÕG]
YH oXNXU WDEDNODU NkVHOHU, VRVOXNODU NHSoH YH E\N EÕoDNODU ND]DQODU WHQFHUHOHU
WDYDODU VDKDQODU HOHN UHQGH KXQL V]JHo VDWÕU úLú ve dibek mutfak Hú\DODUÕQÕQ
EDúOÕFDODUÕQGDQGÕ´ (Berkok, 1999:182-183).
%L]DQV G|QHPLQGH oHúLWOL PDGHQOHUGHQ WRSUDNWDQ YH FDPGDQ \DSÕOPÕú oRN oHúLWOL YH
J]HOJ|UQPOWDEDNODUoDQDNODUPH\YHOLNOHUNkVHOHU, ILQFDQODUEDUGDNODUVUDKLOHU
úLúHOHUWX]OXNODUVRVNDSODUÕVHUYLVNDSODUÕNDúÕNoDWDOYHEÕoaklar da sofralarda yer DOPDNWDGÕU. %XG|QHPGHNXOODQÕODQoatallar muhtemelen 'R÷XGQ\DVÕQGDLFDWHGLOPLú
1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), $QNDUDøOL%HVOHQPH$OÕúNDQOÕNODUÕYH0XWIDN.OWU6HPSR]\XP%LOGLULOHUL ve .DWDORJ9HNDP<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD, s:182
2 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:182-183
17
buradan da %L]DQV VRIUDODUÕQGD \HU DOPÕúWÕU dDWDOÕQ QH úHNLOGH NXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ
%L]DQVOÕODUGDQ |÷UHQHQ øWDO\DQODU EXQX $YUXSD¶GDNL PXWIDN NOWUOHULQH WDQÕWPÕúWÕU1
³6HOoXNOX± 2VPDQOÕ'|QHPLVDUD\PXWIDNODUÕLVHHQOH]]HWOL\HPHNOHULQKD]ÕUODQGÕ÷Õ
PXWIDNYH\HPHNPDO]HPHOHULDoÕVÕQGDQoRN]HQJLQYHQDGLGH\HPHNWDNÕPODUÕQÕQ\HU
DOGÕ÷Õ PHNkQODUGÕU |\OH NL \HPH÷LQ ]HKLUOL ROXS ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ DQODPDN LoLQ UHQN
GH÷LúWLUGL÷LV|\OHQHQVHODGRQWDNÕPODUODVHUYLV\DSÕOÕUGÕ´ (Berkok, 1999:183).
*|UOG÷]HUH$QDGROX¶GD AQWLNoD÷GDQ EHULPXWIDNNOWULOHLOJLOL KDWÕUÕVD\ÕOÕU bir ELULNLPEXOXQPDNWDGÕU%XELULNLPGHQ$QDGROXoHYUHVLQGHEXOXQDQNOWUOHUin istifade HWWLNOHULQL J|UPHNWH\L]. $QDGROX¶QXQ FR÷UDIL RODUDN 'R÷X LOH %DWÕ DUDVÕQGD
bulunPDVÕQGDQGROD\ÕWDULKWHKHULNLPXWIDNNOWULoLQELUN|SUROPXúWXU
$QDGROXPXWIDNNOWUQQGQ\DPXWIDN NOWUOHULQLQWHPHOLROGX÷XQXQ NDQÕWÕRODUDN
\DSÕODQDUNHRORMLNND]ÕODUGDoÕNDUÕODQPXWIDNDUDoYHJHUHoOHULQLJ|VWHUHELOLUL]
$KODWOÕEHO 7UNL\H &XPKXUL\HWL¶QLQ LON ELOLPVHO ND]ÕVÕ $KODWOÕEHO¶GH AtatUN¶Q
emirleri ile EDúODPÕúWÕU $KODWOÕEHO $QNDUD¶QÕQ NP JQH\ EDWÕVÕQGDGÕU. Berkok,
$QDGROX%DNÕUdD÷ÕNOWUQGHGR÷X YHEDWÕNDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ\|QQGHQE\NELU|QHPL
olan bu tabakaQÕQ \ÕOODUÕQGD EDúOD\ÕS \ÕOODUÕQGD VRQD HUGL÷LQL EHOLUWLU. Bu ND]ÕODUGD ELU WDNÕP PXWIDN DUDo YH JHUHoOHUL HOGH HGLOPLúWLU ³ \DSÕODQ EX ND]ÕGD
EDNÕUoD÷ÕQDDLWFLODOÕHOEDOWDODUÕNoNNDSODUoDQDNODU|÷WPHWDúODUÕYHNSOHUHOGH
edilPLúWLU´ (Berkok, 1999:183).
%LUGL÷HUND]ÕGD$QNDUD¶QÕQ NPJQH\EDWÕVÕQGD 3RODWOÕ¶QÕQNPNX]H\LQGHNL Frig kUDOOÕ÷ÕQÕQEDúNHQWLRODQ*RUGLRQ¶GXU*RUGLRQ¶GD øON RODUDN \ÕOÕQGDoDOÕúPDODUD
EDúODQGÕ %XOXQDQ PH]DUOÕNODU *RUGLRQ¶XQ kuzeyGR÷XVXQD, bir tepenin eteklerinde NXUXOPXúWXU ( III. %LQ,,%LQGHNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU) <DSÕODQND]ÕoDOÕúPDODUÕQHWLFHVLQGHELU
WDNÕP PXWIDN DUDoODUÕQD YH JHUHoOHULQH UDVWODQÕOPÕúWÕU. ³0LGDV¶ÕQ PH]DU RGDVÕQGD oRN
VD\ÕGD|OKHGL\HOHULHOHJHoLULOPLúWLUhoE\NEURQ]ND]DQ66 adet NDSSDUoDVÕ, 154 ILEXODHOHJHoLULOPLúWLU´ (Berkok, 1999:183).
Berkok, *D]L2UPDQdLIWOL÷LILGDQOÕ÷ÕQGD\ÕOÕQGDVXoÕNDUWPDDPDFÕLOH\DSÕODQ bir oDOÕúPDGD NDEDUWPDOÕ ELU WDúD UDVWODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ EXQXQ ]HULQH $WDWUN¶Q HPUL LOH ND]Õ
oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQEDúODWÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDQV|]HGHU%XoDOÕúPDODUQHWLFHVLQGHHOH JHoHQEXOXQWXODU
1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:183
18
EX\HULQNoNELU)ULJWPOVROGX÷XQDLúDUHWHWPHNWHGLU%XND]ÕGD yirmiyi bulan WPOVOHULQ *RUGLRQ¶GDNLOHULQ |OoVQGH ELU GH÷HU WDúÕPDNWDGÕU )LGDQOÕNWD )ULJ
N|NHQOL*RUGLRQ¶GDNLne benzeyen bronz kulplu - NXOSVX]WDVODUWHQFHUHNHoHILEXOD
RNXoODUÕYEPDO]HPHOHUEXOXQPXúWXU.1
0XWIDNDUDoYHJHUHoOHULQHUDVWODQÕODQELUGL÷HUND]Õ $QNDUD¶QÕQNPNX]H\EDWÕVÕQGD
bulunan %LWLN +|\÷¶QGH \DSÕOPÕúWÕU %HUNRN EX K|\NWH 0g \\¶GD EDúOD\DQ
.ODVLN dD÷ øVNkQÕ ile Frig, Hitit NDWODUÕ GR÷X YH EDWÕ $QDGROX LOH E|OJHQLQ LOJLVLQL
PH\GDQDNR\PDEDNÕPÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLRODQ%DNÕUdD÷ÕJ|UOG÷QLIDGHHGHUBu da
$QDGROX ]HULQGH YDU RODQ PHGHQL\HWOHULQ ELUELUOHUL LOH LOJLOL ROGX÷XQu GúQGUPHNWHGLU ´.ODVLN dD÷¶GD +HOHQ LúL NDS kacDNODU )ULJ¶GH ER] UHQNOL oL]JLOL
NDEDUWPDOÕ oDQDNODU +LWLW¶GH LVH DoÕN WHN UHQNOL NDSODU ile %DNÕU dD÷Õ¶QD DLW LoL VL\DK
ER\DOÕ GÕúÕDoÕNSDUODNUHQNOLNDSNDFaklar EXOXQPXúWXU+LWLt NDWÕQGDEXOXQDQ2Fak- DOWDUGLQYHVDQDWWDULKL\|QQGHQROGXNoD|QHPOLGLU´ (Berkok, 1999:184).
$QNDUD¶QÕQNPNX]H\EDWÕVÕQGD (WL\RNXúX¶QGD baraja giden yolun kenaUÕQGDdXEXN
VX\XNHQDUÕQGD¶GHDUNHRORMLNND]ÕODU\DSÕOPÕúWÕU<DSÕODQND]ÕODUÕQVWNDWODUÕQGD
Klasik dD÷ 5RPD ± %L]DQV DOW NDWODUGD %DNÕU dD÷ YH HQ DOW NDWGD LVH SDOHROLWLN
NOWUOHU |]HOOLNOHULQH UDVWODQÕOPÕúWÕU %HUNRN EX ND]ÕGD HOGH HGLOHQ PXWIDN DUDo YH
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edilHQ LON WDú GHYUL DOHWOHUL EXUDGD EXOXQPXúWXU (WL\RNXúX ND]ÕVÕ $QDGROX¶GD
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1 Berkok, Nimet (1999), a.g.e, s:183
19
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