Söz ve müzik açısından türkü

Tam metin

(1)T.C. 6$.$5<$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø 626<$/%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h. 6g=9(0h=ø.$d,6,1'$17h5.h. <h.6(./ø6$16 7(=ø )XUNDQ%DODWHJLQ(52ö/8. (QVWLW$QDELOLP'DOÕ7UN'LOLYH(GHEL\DWÕ. 7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ<UG'Ro'U<DYX].g.7$1. +$=ø5$1-2014.

(2)

(3) BEYAN %XWH]LQ\D]ÕOPDVÕQGDELOLPVHODKODNNXUDOODUÕQDX\XOGX÷XQXEDúNDODUÕQÕQHVHUOHULQGHQ \DUDUODQÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD ELOLPVHO QRUPODUD X\JXQ RODUDN DWÕIWD EXOXQXOGX÷XQX NXOODQÕODQYHULOHUGHKHUKDQJL ELUWDKULIDW \DSÕOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕWH]LQ KHUKDQJL ELUNÕVPÕQÕQEX QLYHUVLWH YH\D EDúND ELU QLYHUVLWHGH EDúND ELU WH] oDOÕúPDVÕ RODUDN VXQXOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ beyan ederim.. )XUNDQ%DODWHJLQ(52ö/8 16. 06. 2014.

(4) g16g= Bu oDOÕúPD\OD|]HOOLNOH7UNL\H7UNNOWUV|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDWUNOHULQV|]YH H]JL EDNÕPÕQGDQ QDVÕO ELU \DSÕ\D VDKLS ROGX÷XQX RUWD\D NR\PDQÕQ EHQLP JLEL GDKD NDUL\HULQLQEDúÕQGDRODQELULLoLQ]RUROGX÷XQXGúQPúWP *HUoHNWHQGHWUNOHULQ V|]EDNÕPÕQGDQ]HQJLQOL÷L YHoHúLWOLOL÷LQLJ|UG÷PGHLúLPLQ ]RUOX÷XQXQ IDUNÕQD ELU NH] GDKD YDUPDNOD ELUOLNWH NRQXQX |QHPLQL L\LFH NDYUDPÕú oldum. 7UNH]JLOHULEDNÕPÕQGDQGDD\QÕGúQFH\HYDUGÕP øúLQ ]RUOX÷X ELU \DQD NHQGL |] P]L÷LPL LQFHOL\RU ROPDQÕQ J]HOOL÷L YH PXWOXOX÷X oDOÕúPD\Õ]HYNOH\DSPDPÕVD÷ODGÕ 6|] EDNÕPÕQGDQ WUN YH H]JL EDNÕPÕQGDQ WUN NRQXODUÕQGDQ KHU ELUL JHQLú KDFLPOL birer doktora tezi olabilecek mahiyeWWH+DWWDD÷ÕWPDQLQLQQLYEJLELNRQXEDúOÕNODUÕ GDKLKHPV|]KHPGHH]JLEDNÕPÕQGDQD\UÕD\UÕLQFHOHQPHVLJHUHNHQoRNJHQLúNRQXODU $QFDN V|] YH P]LN DoÕVÕQGDQ WUN NRQXVXQX ELU DUDGD HOH DOPDQÕQ NRQXQXQ EWQO÷ EDNÕPÕQGDQ |QHPOL ROPDVÕ GROD\ÕVÕ\OD EX oDOÕúPDQÕQ DODQD ELU NDWNÕ VD÷OD\DFD÷ÕQÕGúQ\RUXP dDOÕúPDPVÕUDVÕQGDEDQD\ROJ|VWHUHQYHGHVWHNRODQGDQÕúPDQÕP <UG'Ro'U6D\ÕQ <DYX] .g.7$1¶D YH EDúWD DLOHP ROPDN ]HUH EX VUHoWH EHQL GHVWHNOH\HQ KHUNHVH WHúHNNUHGHULP Furkan Balategin (52ö/U 16. 06. 2014.

(5) ødø1'(.ø/(5 g=(7........................................................................................................................... iv SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. v *ø5øù ............................................................................................................................... 1 %g/h07(=.21868ø/(ø/*ø/øTEMEL KAVRAM VE KONULAR ...... 4 0]LN)RONORUX .......................................................................................................... 4 +DON(GHEL\DWÕ+DONYH+DON0]L÷L ........................................................................ 5 7UN+DON0]L÷L ....................................................................................................... 6 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UN ...................................................................................... 7 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UOHU .................................................................................... 11 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7DUWÕúPDOÕ.RQXYH.DYUDPODU ............................................. 14 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH$QRQLPOLN .................................................................. 14 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH<|UH............................................................................ 16 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7DYÕUYHhVOS............................................................ 20 +DON0]L÷LQGH2WDQWLNOLN6RUXQX................................................................ 22 %g/h06g=$d,6,1'$17h5.h ................................................................... 24 6|]YH0]LNøOLúNLVL................................................................................................ 24 7UNOHUGH6|]8QVXUX ............................................................................................ 25 2.+DONùLLULQGH7UN.................................................................................................. 26 7UN6|]YH7UNOHULQ6|]%DNÕPÕQGDQ7DVQLIL ................................................ 28 7UNOHUH6|]2ODQùLLUOHU ...................................................................................... 37 $÷ÕW ................................................................................................................ 37 2.5.2. Mani ............................................................................................................... 41 .RúPD ............................................................................................................ 49 2.5.4. Maya .............................................................................................................. 52 2.5.5. Ninni .............................................................................................................. 55 6HPkv ............................................................................................................. 57 9DUVD÷Õ 9HUVDN-Varsak) ............................................................................... 58 2.5.8. Elezber-Arazbar ............................................................................................. 60 2.5.9. Tecnis ............................................................................................................. 60. i.

(6) 2.5.10. Destan .......................................................................................................... 63 2.5.11. øODKv .............................................................................................................. 66 'H\Lú ............................................................................................................ 71 2.5.13. Tenzile ......................................................................................................... 74 2.5.14. Nefes ............................................................................................................ 78 2.5. 15. 7HNHUOHPHOHU6D\ÕúPDFDODU ......................................................................... 81 7UN6|]2ODUDN$UX]OXùLLUOHU..................................................................... 87 2.6.1. Gazel .............................................................................................................. 87 2.6.2. 6HPkv ............................................................................................................. 92 'vYkQ.............................................................................................................. 93 2.6.4. Kalenderi ........................................................................................................ 96 2.6.5. Selis................................................................................................................ 97 0VWH]DG ........................................................................................................ 97 2.6.7. Vezn-LÆKDU.................................................................................................... 99 6DWUDQo ......................................................................................................... 100 %g/h0(=*ø$d,6,1'$17h5.h ................................................................ 102 7UNOHULQ2OXúXPXYHg]HOOLNOHUL ........................................................................ 102 3.2. (]JL$oÕVÕQGDQ7UNYH7UNOHULQ7DVQLIL ......................................................... 111 7UNgUQHNOHUL ...................................................................................................... 123 3.3.1. $÷ÕW .............................................................................................................. 123 3.3.2. Mani/Hoyrat ................................................................................................. 128 .RúPD .......................................................................................................... 142 3.3.4. Maya ............................................................................................................ 143 3.3.5. Ninni ............................................................................................................ 148 6HPkv ........................................................................................................... 149 9DUVD÷Õ 9HUVDN-Varsak) ............................................................................. 150 3.3.8. Elezber ......................................................................................................... 154 3.3.9. Tecnis ........................................................................................................... 158 øODKL ............................................................................................................ 162. ii.

(7) 'H\LúgUQH÷L .............................................................................................. 163 3.3.12. Tenzile ....................................................................................................... 171 3.3.13. Nefes .......................................................................................................... 174 7HNHUOHPHOHU6D\ÕúPDFDODU ........................................................................ 175 *D]HOgUQH÷L%D\DWv*D]HO ........................................................................ 176 6HPkv¶\HgUQHN-Tutam Yar Elinden ......................................................... 178 'vYkQgUQH÷L-+DUSXW'LYDQÕ ..................................................................... 179 0VWH]DWgUQH÷L-+DUSXW0VWH]DWÕ ........................................................... 187 6218d ......................................................................................................................... 196 .$<1$.d$ ............................................................................................................... 205 g=*(d0øù ................................................................................................................. 209. iii.

(8) 6$h6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV <NVHN/LVDQV 7H]g]HWL 7H]LQ%DúOÕ÷Õ6|]YH0]LN$oÕVÕQGDQ7UN 7H]LQ<D]DUÕ)XUNDQ%DODWHJLQ(UR÷OX 'DQÕúPDQ<UG'Ro'U<DYX].g.7$1 Kabul Tarihi: 16.06.2014 6D\ID6D\ÕVÕY |QNÕVÕP

(9) 209 (tez) $QDELOLPGDOÕ7UN'LOLYH(GHEL\DWÕ %LOLPGDOÕHalk Bilimi. 7UNL\H¶GH ³7UN +DON 0]L÷L´ YH GROD\ÕVÕ\OD ³7UN´ V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD EX DODQGD ELU VLVWHPLQ ROXúPDGÕ÷Õ NDYUDP NDUJDúDVÕ YH NXUDOVÕ]OÕN ROGX÷X \|QQGH GúQFH KDNLPGLU +HU QH NDGDU EX \DUJÕ oRN LVDEHWOL ROPDVD GDKL ED]Õ eksiklikler ROGX÷XGR÷UXGXU $QFDN|]HOOLNOHKDONDED÷OÕJHOHQHNVHOXQVXUODUÕQKDONÕQ|]JUONDODQÕROGX÷XQXGD XQXWPDPDNJHUHNLU$UDúWÕUÕFÕODUEXNOWUXQVXUXQXDQODPD\DoDOÕúPDNODHVDVHQKDONÕ YH RQX PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ LQVDQÕ DQODPD\D oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU ³0]LN )RONORUX´ 0]L÷LQ Halk %LOLPL YH\D +DONELOLPVHO DoÕGDQ P]LN

(10) YH 0]LN $QWURSRORMLVL 0]L÷LQ insanbilimi veya LQVDQELOLPDoÕVÕQGDQP]LN

(11) oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQPDNVDGÕEXGXU %X DUDúWÕUPDGD V|] NRQXVX HNVLNOLNOHUL JLGHUPH oDOÕúPDODUÕQD NDWNÕGD EXOXQPD\D \|QHOPLúWLU ³7UN´ V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD RQX PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ LNL Xnsurun, yani ³6|]ÝH³0]LN´LQ|QFHOLNOLRODUDNQDVÕODOJÕODQGÕ÷ÕQÕYHQDVÕODOJÕODQPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LQL RUWD\DNR\PDN\DQLV|]YHP]LNDoÕVÕQGDQ³7UN1HGLU"´VRUXVXQDFHYDSDUD\DUDN bu kRQX\DNDWNÕGDEXOXQPDNWÕU +DONELOLPLVDKDVÕQGDoDOÕúPD\DSDQLQVDQODUGDQ³0]LN)RONORUX´LOHLOJLOHQHQOHULQLQ oR÷XQOX÷XQXQ P]LN DODQÕQGDQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ J|UOPHNWHGLU %X VHEHSOH oR÷XQOXNOD konuya KDON HGHEL\DWÕ DoÕVÕQGDQ \DNODúPDNWD P]LN DODQÕQGDQ RODnlar da konunun Halk Bilimi ve GROD\ÕVÕ\OD+DON(GHEL\DWÕWDUDIODUÕQÕHNVLNEÕUDNPDNWDGÕUODU dDOÕúPDGDEXGXUXPJ|]HWLOHUHNELUP]LNoLYHELUKDONELOLPL\NVHNOLVDQV|÷UHQFLVL RODUDN|QFHOLNOH³0]LN )RONORUX´³+DON (GHEL\DWÕ´³+DON YH+DON 0]L÷L´ ³7UN +DON0]L÷L´³7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UN´³7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UOHU´³+DON P]L÷LQGH $QRQLPOLN´ ³+DON 0]L÷LQGH <|UH .D\QDN

(12) ´ ³hVOS YH 7DYÕU´ ³+DON 0]L÷LQGH2WDQWLNOLNŃRQXODUÕLQFHOHQPLúWLU6RQUDVÕQGDWH]LQSUREOHPLQLWHúNLOHGHQ V|]YHP]LNDoÕVÕQGDQWUNNRQXVXEWQ\|QOHUL\OHHOHDOÕQPÕúWÕU Anahtar Kelimeler: +DON.OWU +DON0]L÷L7UN6|]0]LN. iv.

(13) Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract of Master Thesis Title of the Thesis: Music and Lyrics From the Perspective of Folk Songs Author : )XUNDQ%DODWHJLQ(UR÷OX Supervisor : Assist. Prof. 'U<DYX].g.7$1 Date : 16.06.2014 Nu. of pages : v (pre text) + 209 (main ) Department:Turkish Grammer and Literature Subfield : Folklore. In Turkey, When it comes to "Turkish folk music and also folk song" , it is belief that there is no a system and there are conceptual confusion amd irregularity. Although, this thought is not completely right, but the fact that there are some lacks. But, it is necesarry we can not forget that the traditional elements which especially connected to the folk are the freedom area of folk. Essentially, The analysts try to understand this cultural element. This is the purpose of Musical folklore and music anthropology.This research is directed to help finding solutions to these lacks. If the subject is folk song, first of all we need to find how the "word" and "music" are dedected what are the main elements of folk song and we need to find answers to this question: "What is the folk song?" We see that, most of people who work on folklore are not in branch of music. Because of this, usually they approach to the issue in terms of folk music. And musical researchers do not work on folklore whereat folk literature. ,Q WKLV VWXG\FRQVLGHULQJ WKLV VLWXDWLRQ Õ VWXGLHG RQ ³0XVLF )RONORU´´)RON DQG )RON PXVLF´´7XrkLVK)RON0XVLF´³)RONVRQJLQ7XrkLVKIRONPXVLF´´7KHW\SHVRI7Xrkish )RON 0XVLF´´ 7KH Anonymity in TurkiVK )RON 0XVLF´´7KH UHJLRQ LQ 7Xrkish Folk 0XVLF´´ZRUGLQJDQGDWWLWXGH´´7KHDXWKHQWLFLW\ in TuUNLVK)RON0XVLF´DVDPXVLFLDQ and Public science Master student. $IWHUWKDW,KDQGOHGWKHPDLQLVVXHRIWKHVLV³WKH IRONVRQJ´ZLWKDOODVSHFWV Key words: Folk Culture, Folk Music, Folk Song, Song, Music. v.

(14) *ø5øù 'R÷UXGDQ LOLúNLOHUL ROPDVD ELOH LQVDQODU GR÷XPGDQ HYOHQPH YH |OPH NDGDU KD\DWODUÕQÕQ KHU VDIKDVÕQGD DLOHGH oHYUHGH RNXOGD PDUNHWWH oDUúÕGD SD]DUGD FHQD]HGHPDEHWWHPXWODNDP]LNOHNDUúÕODúÕUODU 7UN 0LOOHWL LoLQ GH GXUXP E|\OHGLU 0]LNOH LOJLVL ROVXQ YH\D ROPDVÕQ 7UN LQVDQÕ LVWHULVWHPH]KD\DWÕQÕQKHUVDIKDVÕQGDP]LNOHLoLoHGLU %X FPOHGHQ RODUDN ³7UN´ NRQXVX GD SURIHV\RQHO RODUDN P]LNOH X÷UDúDQODUÕQ \DQÕQGD WRSOXPXQ KHU NHVLPLQGHQ LQVDQÕQ ELU úHNLOGH DPD PXWODND LOLúNLOL ROGX÷X KD\DWÕQÕQoHúLWOLVDIKDODUÕQGDNDUúÕODúWÕ÷ÕELUNRQXGXU øQVDQvELUGXUXPRODUDN7UNL\HGÕúÕQGDNLONHOHUGHYH7UNOHUGÕúÕQGDNLPLOOHWOHUGHGH NHQGL KDON P]LNOHULQHRODQLOJL YH\DEHQLPVHPHG]H\L ONHYHYH\D PLOOHWOHUHJ|UH IDUNOÕ GD ROVD ELUoRN GLOGH ³)RON 6RQJ´ GL\H LIDGH HGLOHQ ³+DON ùDUNÕVÕ´ KD\DWÕQ KHUKDQJLELUDQÕQGDNDUúÕODúÕODQELUNOWU|÷HVLGLU +DONúDUNÕODUÕEWQONHOHUGH+DONP]L÷L )RON0XVLF

(15) DGÕYHULOHQDODQÕQLoLQGH\HU DOPDNODELUOLNWHLoHULNOHULLWLEDUÕ\ODIDUNOÕOÕk arz eder. +DONP]L÷LNLPLONHOHUGHWDULKVHOGHULQOLNYHJHOHQH÷HRODQED÷OÕOÕN|OoVQGHGDKD ]HQJLQNLPLOHULQGHLVHGDKDNÕWWÕU$QFDNLVWHU]HQJLQLVWHUVHNÕWROVXQKHUONHYH\D PLOOHW NHQGL PLOOv NOWU YH EXQD ED÷OÕ RODUDN NHQGL PLOOv NLPOL÷LQGH PXWODND KDON P]L÷LQH\HUYHUPHNWHGLU <XNDUÕGD V|] HGLOHQ LoHULN IDUNOÕOÕ÷Õ LVH PLOOv NOWU LoLQGH \HU DODQ KDON NOWUQQ oHúLWOLOL÷LYHEXROJXQXQLoLQGHJHOHQH÷HGDLU\DúDQPÕúOÕNODULOHNOWUNDOÕSODUÕQÕQWDULKv JHoPLúYH\DúDQDQROD\ODUED÷ODPÕQGDNLIDUNOÕOÕNODUGDQND\QDNODQPDNWDGÕU gUQH÷LQ WRSUD÷Õ EXOXQPD\DQ YH\D LNOLP EDNÕPÕQGDQ PVDLW ROPD\DQ \HUOHUGH \DúD\DQODUÕQ NOWUQGH HNLQOH LOJLOL XQVXUODU EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQ HNLQ HNPH ELoPH YH SD]DUODPD EXQD ED÷OÕ RODUDN HNLQH ED÷OÕ EHVOHQPH YH PXWIDN NOWUQH GDLU KDON úDUNÕODUÕQDUDVWODQPD] $\QÕúHNLOGHNDUDLNOLPLQGH\DúD\DQGHQL]LQJ|OQQHKLUOHULQEXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕVX\ODSHN KDúÕU QHúLU ROXQDPD\DQ ELU FR÷UDI\DGD \DúD\DQ WRSOXPODUÕQ JHPL VDQGDO YH EHQ]HUL. 1.

(16) XODúÕP DUDoODUÕ LOH EDOÕNoÕOÕ÷D GDLU KDON úDUNÕODUÕQÕQ ROPDVÕ EHNOHQPH] 2OVD ROVD EX XQVXUODUDELU|]OHPPDKL\HWLQGHROXU %X DoÕGDQ EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD KDON P]L÷L YH KDON úDUNÕODUÕ \DúDQÕODQ \HUOHU GR÷UXOWXVXQGD LQVDQÕQ LQVDQOD YH LQVDQÕQ GR÷D LOH WHPDVÕ VRQXFXQGD \DúDQPÕúOÕNODUÕQ DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQ YH WDULKv GHULQOL÷L RODQ JHOHQHNOHULQ ELU X]DQWÕVÕ RODUDN KD\DWÕQ LoLQGH \HU DOÕU YH PLOOHWOHUHJ|UHúHNLOOHQLU %XoDOÕúPDGDLQVDQOÕNNOWULoLQGHKDONP]L÷LQLQQDVÕOGR÷GX÷XYHúHNLOOHQGL÷LQGHQ bahsedilmeyecektir *HQHO RODUDN ³7UN +DON 0]L÷L´ NRQXVX GD HOH DOÕQPD\DFDNWÕU. 7UN+DON0]L÷L V|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDLONDNODJHOHQYHRQXEWQ\OHNXFDNOD\DQ ³7UN´QQ ROXúXPX YH JHOLúLPLQGHQ GH V|] HGLOPH\HFHNWLU 7H]LQ EDúOÕ÷ÕQGDQ GD DQODúÕODFD÷Õ]HUH³6|]YH0]LN$oÕVÕQGDQ7UN´HOHDOÕQDFDNWÕU%XVHEHSOH³0]LN )RONORUX´ ³+DON P]L÷L´ ³7UN 0]LN )RONORUX´ ³7UN +DON 0]L÷L´ NRQXODUÕQD ³7UN´ LOH RODQ LOLúNLOHUL EDNÕPÕQGDQ NÕVDFD WHPDV HGLS HVDV NRQX\X ³+DON %LOLPL´ \|QWHPLoHUoHYHVLQGHGHULQOHPHVLQHLQFHOHPH\HoDOÕúÕODFDNWÕU. $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ.RQXVX $UDúWÕUPDQÕQNRQXVXELUKDONNOWU|÷HVLRODUDN³7UN´GU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕ 7UNL\H¶GH ³7UN +DON 0]L÷L´ YH GROD\ÕVÕ\OD ³7UN´ V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD EX DODQGD ELU VLVWHPLQ ROXúPDGÕ÷Õ NDYUDP NDUJDúDVÕ YH NXUDOVÕ]OÕN ROGX÷X \|QQGH GúQFH KDNLPGLU +HU QH NDGDU EX \DUJÕ oRN LVDEHWOL ROPDVD GDKL ED]Õ HNVLNOLNOHU ROGX÷XGR÷UXGXU $QFDN |]HOOLNOH KDOND ED÷OÕ JHOHQHNVHO XQVXUODUÕQ KDONÕQ |]JUON DODQÕ ROGX÷XQX XQXWPDPDNJHUHNLU$UDúWÕUÕFÕODUEXNOWUXQVXUXQXDQODPD\DoDOÕúPDNODHVDVHQKDONÕ YH RQX PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ LQVDQÕ DQODPD\D oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU ³0]LN )RONORUX´ 0]L÷LQ +DON %LOLPL YH\D +DONELOLPVHO DoÕGDQ P]LN

(17) YH 0]LN $QWURSRORMLVL 0]L÷LQ LQVDQELOLPLYH\DLQVDQELOLPDoÕVÕQGDQP]LN

(18) oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQPDNVDGÕEXGXU %XDUDúWÕUPDGDDPDoV|]NRQXVXHNVLNOLNOHULJLGHUPHoDOÕúPDODUÕQDNDWNÕGDEXOXQPD\D \|QHOLNRODUDN³7UN´V|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDRQXPH\GDQDJHWLUHQLNLXQVXUXQ\DQL ³6|]ÝH³0]LN´LQQDVÕODOJÕODQGÕ÷ÕQÕYHQDVÕODOJÕODQPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LQLRUWD\DNR\PDN. 2.

(19) \DQL V|] YH P]LN DoÕVÕQGDQ ³7UN 1HGLU"´ VRUXVXQD FHYDS DUD\DUDN EX NRQX\D NDWNÕGDEXOXQPDNWÕU +DONELOLPLVDKDVÕQGDoDOÕúPD\DSDQLQVDQODUGDQ³0]LN)RONORUX´ ile ilgilenenlerinin oR÷XQOX÷XQXQ P]LN DODQÕQGDQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ J|Ulmektedir. %X VHEHSOH oR÷XQlukla NRQX\D KDON HGHEL\DWÕ DoÕVÕQGDQ \DNODúPDNWD P]LN DODQÕQGDQ RODQODU GD NRQXQXQ +DON%LOLPLYHGROD\ÕVÕ\OD+DON(GHEL\DWÕWDUDIODUÕQÕHNVLNEÕUDNPDNWDGÕUODU +HP <NVHN /LVDQV DODQÕPÕ]ÕQ YH KHP GH WH] NRQXVXQXQ EHOLUOHQPHVLQGH /LVDQV mezuniyetimiziQ ³7HPHO %LOLPOHU - 7HPHO 0]LN %LOLPOHUL´ ROPDVÕ YH +DON %LOLPL VDKDVÕQGDNL <NVHN /LVDQV H÷LWLPLPL]GHQ HGLQGL÷LPL] ELOJL YH \|QWHPLQ \XNDUÕGD EHOLUWL÷LPL]LNL\|QOHNVLNOL÷LJLGHUPHQRNWDVÕQGDDYDQWDMRODFD÷ÕGúQOPúWU <XNDUÕGDNL LIDGHOHUGHQ EX oDOÕúPDQÕQ ELU ³0]LNRORML´ oDOÕúPDVÕ RODFD÷Õ GúQOPHPHOLGLU%XoDOÕúPDOLVDQVPH]XQL\HWLP]LNRODQELULQLQ\DSWÕ÷ÕELU³0]LN )RONORUXóDOÕúPDVÕGÕU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQgQHPL 8ODúDELOGL÷LPL] ND\QDNODUD J|UH V|\OHUVHN 7UNL\H¶GH ³7UN´ KDNNÕQGD ELUoRN oDOÕúPD\DSÕOPÕúROPDNODELUOLNWH³6|]YH0]LN$oÕVÕQGDQ7UN2OJXVX´QDEWQFO \DNODúDQoDOÕúPDODUD]GÕU%XVHEHSOHDUDúWÕUPDQÕQ|QHPDU]HWWL÷LGúQOPHNWHGLU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ<|QWHPL $UDúWÕUPD oR÷XQOXNOD ND\QDN GHUOHPHVLQH GD\DOÕ QLWHOLNVHO ELU oDOÕúPDGÕU dDOÕúPDGD 7UN KDON ELOLPLQLQ DUDúWÕUPD NRQXODUÕQGDQ RODQ 7UN +DON (GHEL\DWÕ YH 7UN +DON 0]L÷L LOHLOJLOLND\QDNODUWDUDQDUDNNRQX\ODLOJLOLX]PDQJ|UúOHULLQFHOHQPLúNLWDSODU ve makaleler okunup taUDQGÕNWDQ VRQUD ILúOHPHOHU \DSÕOPÕú YH ROXúWXUXODQ plan oHUoHYHVLQGHWH]\D]ÕPÕQDJHoLOPLúWLU. 3.

(20) %g/h07(=.21868ø/(ø/*ø/øTEMEL KAVRAM VE KONULAR %X E|OPGH ³0]LN )RONORUX´ ³+DON (GHEL\DWÕ +DON YH +DON 0]L÷L´ ³7UN +DON 0]L÷L´ ³7UN +DON 0]L÷LQGH 7UN´ ³7UN +DON 0]L÷LQGH 7UOHU´ ³7UN Halk 0]L÷LndH 7DUWÕúPDOÕ .RQX YH .DYUDPODU´ ³+DON P]L÷LQGH $QRQLPOLN´ ³+DON P]L÷LQGH <|UH .D\QDN

(21) ´ ³hVOS YH 7DYÕU´ LOH ³+DON P]L÷LQGH 2WDQWLNOLN´ NRQXODUÕQD \HU YHULOHFHNWLU %XQODUD \HU YHULOPH VHEHEL EX oDOÕúPDGD KDQJL NRQX YH\D NDYUDPÕQDVÕODOJÕODGÕ÷ÕPÕ]ÕLIDGHHWPHNLoLQGLU 0]LN)RONORUX ³0]LN )RONORUX´ LIDGHVL ³0]LN 6RV\ROMLVL´ 0]L÷LQ 7RSOXP %LOLPL

(22) ³0]LN $QWURSRORMLVL´ 0]L÷LQ øQVDQ %LOLPL

(23) ³0]LN 3VLNRORMLVL 0]L÷LQ 5XK %LOLPL

(24) ´ LIDGHOHULQGHROGX÷XJLEL³0]L÷LQ+DONBilimi´DQODPÕQGDNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU. %XLIDGHLOH \DOQÕ]FDHVHU \DQL³7UNhUHWLPL YHøFUDVÕ´QÕGH÷LOP]L÷LQHWUDIÕQGD ROXúDQKDONNOWUQHGDLUEWQ|÷HOHUNDVWHGLOPHNWHGLU dHúLWOL ONHOHUGH ³)RONORU 0]L÷L´ ³0]LN )RONORUX´ DODQÕ IRONORULN EDNÕPGDQ tUNQQWDULKLUHWLOPHVHEHSOHULUHWLPYHLFUDRUWDPODUÕUHWLFLúDKVL\HWOHUoDOJÕODU YHEHQ]HUOHULJLELELUoRNNRQX\XNDSVDPDNWDGÕU 7UN 0]LN )RONORUX´ V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD EWQ 7UN GQ\DVÕ P]LN IRONORUX NDVWHGLOL\RU ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH 7UNL\H¶\L HVDV DOGÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD ³.UVEDúÕ´ ³)HUIHQH´ ³+DUIDQD-+HUIHQH´ ³%DUDQD´ ³6ÕUD *HFHVL´ ³9HOLPH *HFHVL´ YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL LFUD RUWDPODUÕ EX RUWDPODUGDNL JHOHQH÷H GDLU X\JXODPDODU oDOJÕ \DSÕPÕ YH LFUDVÕ oDOPD WHNQLNOHULVHVOHLFUDJHOHQH÷LKDONúDLUOHULkúÕNODUPDKDOOvVDQDWoÕODUYHEHQ]HUOHULJLEL LFUDFÕODU LoHULN DQODP YH HWNLOHU JLEL ELUoRN NRQX ³0]LN )RONORUX´QXQ NRQXVX ROPDNWDGÕU (÷LWLPL YH PHVOH÷L P]LNOH LOJLOL ROPDPDNOD ELUOLNWH ³7UN´ LOH LOJLOL oDOÕúPD \DSDQ LQVDQODUÕ ELU \DQD EÕUDNÕUVDN XODúDELOGL÷LPL] ND\QDNODUD J|UH +DON %LOLPL )RONORU)RONORUH

(25) oDOÕúPDODUÕ LoLQGH ³0]L÷LQ +DON %LOLPL 0]LN )RONORUX

(26) ´QH LOLúNLQ oDOÕúPDODUÕQ VÕQÕUOÕ ROGX÷X J|UOPúWU %X oDOÕúPDODUÕQ oR÷XQXQ \DUDrODQÕODQ ND\QDNODUGD J|UOHFH÷L ]HUH ³0]LN´ LOH LOJLOL YH\D P]LN ELOHQ LQVDQODU WDUDIÕQGDQ. 4.

(27) GH÷LO³+DON(GHEL\DWÕÝHEXDODQLoLQGH\HUDODQ³+DONùLLULÝH³ÆúÕN(GHEL\DWÕ´JLEL ³+DON %LOLPL¶QLQ DUDúWÕUPD DODQODUÕQGD X]PDQODúPÕú NLúLOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ tespit HGLOPLúWLU 1.2. Halk EdebiyatÕ+DONYHHalk M]L÷L ³+DON (GHEL\DWÕ´ KHP HGHEL\DW KHP GH KDON ELOLPL VDKDVÕ\OD LOJLOLGLU $QFDN JQP]GH HGHEL\DWoÕODUGDQ oRN KDON ELOLPFLOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ oDOÕúÕODQ ELU DODQ RODUDN J|UOPHNWHGLU 0]LNWH V|] XQVXUXQXQ EXOXQPDVÕ VHEHEL\OH HGHEL\DWOD P]L÷LQ NRSPD]YD]JHoLOPH]ELULOLúNLVLV|]NRQXVXGXU +DON HGHEL\DWÕ GD KDON P]L÷L JLEL KDON ELOLPLQLQ DUDúWÕUPD NRQXODUÕQGDQ ROPDNOD ELUOLNWHP]LNWHNLV|]XQVXUXVHEHEL\OHKDONHGHEL\DWÕKDONP]L÷LLOHLOLúNLOLELUDODQ RODUDNJ|UOU 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH³7UN´V|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDDUDúWÕUÕFÕODUÕQELUoR÷XQDJ|UHELU KDONúLLULWURODUDN³7UN´GR÷UXGDQGR÷UX\D+DON(GHEL\DWÕDODQÕLOHLOLúNLOLRODUDN J|UOPHNWHGLU .DOGÕ NL ³7UN´ ELU KDON úLLUL WU ROPDVD GDKL WUN GÕúÕQGD KDON úLLUOHULQGHQ NRúPD GH\Lú PDQL QLQQL WHNHUOHPH GHVWDQ YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL úLLUH DLW DGODQGÕUPDODU D\QÕ ]DPDQGD ³7UN´ LOH LOJLOLGLU dDOÕúPDGD NRQX GHWD\OÕ RODUDN LúOHQHFHNWLU 7UN V|] RODUDN VHPkv JD]HO YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL DUX]OX WUOHU GH WUN V|] RODUDN NXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDQWUNQQ³7UNùLLULŃRQXVXQXQEWQ\OHLOJLVLYDUGÕU ³+DON0]L÷L´V|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGD³KDONŃDYUDPÕQDGLNNDWoHNPHNJHUHNLU ³+DON´ NDYUDPÕ KDONELOLPVHO RODUDN ]DWHQ JHOHQH÷L oD÷UÕúWÕUPDNWDGÕU dQN ELU toplumun halk olabilmesinLQHQWHPHOQLWHOL÷LJHOHQHNUHWPHVLGLU 7HRULGH LNL NLúL KDONÕ ROXúWXUDELOLU YH GH JHOHQH÷H GDLU ELU XQVXU UHWHELOLU $QFDN EXUDGDV|]HGLOHQJHOHQHN³ELQ \ÕOODU|QFHVLQGHQHYULOLSG|QúHUHNJQP]HNDGDU JHOHQ YH WRSOXPX PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ DQD NWOH RODQ ³+DON´ÕQ \DúD\ÕS \DúDWWÕ÷Õ VRV\DO \DSÕGDKLOEWQNOWUHOXQVXUODUÕVDUDQ³KDONNOWUQQ|]´ olarak nitelenebilir. +DONDDLWROPD\ÕEHOLUOH\HQSRSOHUYHJHQHOROPD\DQÕQGD³gelenek´|QHPOLELUQLWHOLN RODUDN|QHoÕNPDNWDGÕU+DONP]L÷LQLQJHOHQHNOHRODQLOJLVLQLQ\DQÕQGDKDONQH]GLQGH. 5.

(28) WDQÕQÕU ELOLQLU YH SRSOHU ROPDVÕ GD V|] NRQXVXGXU %X GD ³Anonim´ NDYUDPÕQÕ oD÷UÕúWÕUPDNWDGÕU $QFDN KDON P]L÷L V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD ³$QRQLP´ YH\D DQRQLP ROPD\DQÕELUELULQGHQD\ÕUPDN]RUGXU +DONP]L÷L ³%LU PLOOHWLQ NOWU LoLQGH oRN HVNL G|QHPOHUGHQ JQP]H NDGDU WDúÕQDQ VDQDW ND\JÕVÕYHWLFDUvND\JÕWDúÕPDGDQoHúLWOLYHVLOHOHUOHEHOLUOLROD\ODUDED÷OÕRODUDNYH\D KHUKDQJL ELU ROD\D ED÷OÕ ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ KDON LoLQGHNL UHWLFL OLGHUOHU YH KDON VDQDWoÕODUÕ YH\D ³0DKDOOv-<HUHO 6DQDWoÕ´ WDELU HGLOHQ LQVDQODUÕQ UHWWLNOHUL GR÷XP HYOHQPH YH |OPJLELKD\DWÕQ|QHPOLJHoLúG|QHPOHULQGHNLW|UHQOHUEDúWDROPDN]HUHW|UH\HED÷OÕ oHúLWOL W|UHQOHUGH YH RUWDPODUGD LFUD HGLOHQ JHOHQH÷H ED÷OÕ P]L÷H ³+DON P]L÷L´ GHQLU´ úHNOLQGHWDQÕPODQDELOLU. %DWÕOÕONHOHUGHLúoLVÕQÕIÕQÕQP]L÷L\HUOLOHULQ LONHOWRSOXPODUÕQ

(29) P]L÷LJLELVRV\RORMLN YHDQWURSRORMLNWDQÕPODPDODUGDYDUGÕU 2\VD KDON P]L÷LQGH JHQHO RODUDN 7UN NOWU YH |]HOOLNOH 7UNL\H 7UN WRSOXPX DoÕVÕQGDQ VÕQÕI IDUNÕ V|] NRQXVX RODPD] %XUDGD ³WRSOXPX PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ DQD NWOH\H DLW ROPD JHOHQH÷H ED÷OÕOÕN SRSOHU YH JHQHO ROPD \DQL KDONÕQ EWQQ kapsama ve geleneksellik´QLWHOLNOHUL\HWHUOLJ|UOHELOLU +DONP]L÷LHVHUOHULGLQDúN|OPVDYDúHNRQRPLNLOLúNLOHUWRSOXPVDOVÕNÕQWÕODUYH LOLúNLOHUGR÷D-LQVDQLOLúNLOHULJLEL JHQLúNRQXODUÕLoHULU 1.3. 7UN+DON0]L÷L 0HKPHW.$3/$1³.OWUYH'LO´DGOÕHVHULQLQµ,97UN0XVLNLVL¶E|OPQGH7UN P]L÷LQGHQEDKVHGHUNHQ ³0XVLNLYHGLOHGHEL\DWYHWDULKJLELPLOOLNOWUKD]LQHOHULQGHQELULGLU2GDED÷UÕQGDQ oÕNWÕ÷Õ PLOOHWLQ KXVXVL\HWOHULQL WDúÕU 2QXQ NHGHU YH QHúHVLQL LIDGH HGHU $QDGROX¶GD NDGÕQODU ELU \DNÕQODUÕ |OQFH EDúÕQGD D÷ÕW V|\OHUOHU .|\OHULPL]GH X]DNWDQ JHOHQ misafirler davul-]XUQD YH UDNVOD NDUúÕODQÕU '÷QOHUGH KHUNHV R\XQD NDWÕOÕU YH WUN V|\OHU7UNKDONPXVLNLVLQLQE\NNÕVPÕQÕR\XQKDYDODUÕWHúNLOHGHU%XQODUÕQULWPYH DKHQJL ÆúÕN YH GHUWOLOHULQ WHN EDúODUÕQD V|\OHGLNOHUL \DQÕN KDYDODUGDQ IDUNOÕGÕU 7UN KDON KLND\HOHULQLQ NDKUDPDQODUÕ GX\JXODUÕQÕ GDLPD \DQODUÕQGD WDúÕGÕNODUÕ VD]ODU YH. 6.

(30) LoLQGH EXOXQGXNODUÕ GXUXPD J|UH WUNOHUOH LIDGH HGHUOHU .|UR÷OX¶QD DLW WUNOHU J|VWHUL\RU NL HVNLGHQ GHVWDQODU GD HVNLGHQ PXVLNL HúOL÷LQGH V|\OHQLUPLú 1DVÕO oRN ]HQJLQ YH J]HO ELU 7UN KDON GDQVÕ YDUVD RQXQ NDGDU ]HQJLQ YH J]HO ELU 7UN KDON PXVLNLVLGHYDUGÕU0XVLNLR\XQGÕúÕQGDNLKDOYHGXUXPODUGDGDV|\OHQGL÷LLoLQoHúLGL KDONGDQVODUÕQGDQGDKDoRNWXU´ (Kaplan, 1992: 53) GL\HUHN7UNP]L÷L GHQLOGL÷LQGH DNODKDONP]L÷LQLQJHOGL÷LQLD÷ÕWODUGDQGHVWDQODUGDQV|]HGHUHNJ|VWHUPLúWLU 8QXWXOPDPDOÕGÕU NL 7UN +DON 0]L÷L GHQLOGL÷LQGH ROGXNoD JHQLú ELU FR÷UDI\DGD \DúD\DQPHGHQL\HWPH\GDQDJHWLUPLúRODQE\NELUWRSOXPXQJHOHQH÷HGD\DOÕYHKDONv |]HOOLNOHU WDúÕ\DQ P]L÷LQL NDVWHWPLú ROXUX] dQN 7UNOHU \DOQÕ]FD 7UNL\H VÕQÕUODUÕ LoLQGHGH÷LOoHúLWOLFR÷UDI\DODUGDE\N|EHNOHUKDOLQGH\DúDPDNWDGÕUODU <DOQÕ]FD 8OX÷ 7UNLVWDQ GHQLOHQ ³0HUNH]v $V\D´\Õ GúQVHN ELOH HQ D] -310 PLO\RQOXN ELU 7UN QIXVXQX LIDGH HWPLú ROXUX] .DOGÕ NL 7UNOHU 8OX÷ 7UNLVWDQ GÕúÕQGD JHUHN %DONDQODU¶GD JHUHNVH $YUXSD $PHULND YH $YXVWXUDO\D¶GD GD \DúDPDNWDGÕUODU %X oDOÕúPDGDNL DUDúWÕUPD DODQÕ 7UNL\H¶GLU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD 7UN +DON 0]L÷L ifadesiyle, 7UNL\H7UNOHULQLQKDONP]L÷LQL7UNL\HV|]NRQXVXROGX÷XLoLQGHDUDúWÕUPD\D konu olaQ³7UNŃDVWHGLOPLúROXQPDNWDGÕU. dDOÕúPDPÕ]DNRQXRODQ7UNL\H7UN+DON0]L÷LQGHED]ÕWHPHONDYUDPODUÕQWDQÕPODUÕ ]HULQGHKHQ]LWWLIDNROXúPDPÕúWÕU ³<|UHhVOS7DYÕU7U2WDQWL]P$QRQLPOLN<|UH7H]HQHVL7U´ ve benzerleri gibi ELUoRN NRQX KDOHQ WDUWÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU %X NRQXODUD NÕVD NÕVD WHPDV HGHUHN V|] NRQXVX NDYUDPODUÕn QDVÕODOJÕODQPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LWDUWÕúÕODFDNWÕr. 1.4. 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UN 7UN +DON 0]L÷L GHQLOGL÷LQGH LON DNOD JHOHQ ³7UN´GU 7H]LPL]LQ NRQXVX RODQ tUNNDYUDPÕWH]LQLOJLOLE|OPOHULQGHGHWD\OÕRODUDNLQFHOHQHFHNWLU Ancak yine de bu E|OPGH WUN denLOLQFH QH DQODúÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDQ YH QH DQODúÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQGHQNÕVDFDEDKVHdilecektir.. 7.

(31) 7UN V|] \D\JÕQ RODUDN ³7UN¶H KDV 7UN¶H DLW´ úHNOLQGH DQODúÕOPDNWD\GÕ $QFDN J|UHELOGL÷LPL] ND\QDNODUD J|UH LON GHID g]NXO d2%$12ö/8 WUN V|]QQ ³7UN .\L- 7UN.\´LIDGHVLQGHQVHVGúPHVL\OH³7UNL\ÝHVRQUD7UNKDOLQHJHOGL÷LQL EHOLUWPHNWHGLUNLEXDNODX\JXQGXUdQN³7UN-7UNv´LIDGHVL7UN¶OHLOJLOLELUoRN NRQXGDNXOODQÕODELOLU0]LNOHLOJLOLELUWDUDIÕQÕQROPDVÕJHUHNOLGLUNL³7UN.\YH\D ³7UN .\L´ ³7UN 0HORGLVL´ ³7UN (]JLVL´ DoÕNODPDVÕ\OD NDYUDPÕQ Lo DQODPÕQÕ GD vermektedir. dREDQR÷OX D\QÕ \DNODúÕPÕ ùDUNÕ LIDGHVL LoLQ GH HOH DOPDNWD YH ³ùDU .\-ùDU .\L´QGHQ JHOHQ ELU LIDGH ROGX÷XQX YH ³ùHKLU 0]L÷L´ DQODPÕQD JHOGL÷LQL belirtmektedir ki bu da kanaatimizce isabetli biU\DNODúÕPGÕU 7UN V|]QQ ³7UNv´ LIDGHVL\OH ³7UN ùLLUL´ LoLQ NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ ELOJLOHUL GH YDUGÕU $QFDN N|NHQGH WUN LIDGHVL ³7UN .\´QGHQ JHOPL\RU ROVD GDKL EX úHNLOGH DOJÕODQPDVÕGDKDX\JXQJ|UOPHNWHGLU 7UNV|]$]HUED\FDQ7UNoHVLQGH³0DKQÕ´ %DúNXUW7UNoHVLQGH³+DON<ÕUÕ´.D]DN 7UNoHVLQGH ³7UNv 7ULN +DOÕN bQL´ .ÕUJÕ] 7UNoHVLQGH ³(OGLN ,U 7UN´ g]EHN 7UNoHVLQGH ³.RúXJ ±$úXOH´ 7DWDU 7UNoHVLQGH ³+DOÕN &ÕUÕ´ 7UNPHQ 7UNoHVLQGH ³$\GÕP+DON$\GÕPÕ´8\JXU7UNoHVLQGH³1DKúD.RúD1DKúÕVÕ´RODUDNDGODQGÕUÕOÕU (Ercilasun, 1991: ilgili maddeler) <DOoÕQ dHWLQND\D LVH oDOÕúPDVÕQGD ³7UN 6DGHOLNWLU øQFHOLNWLU´ EDúOÕ÷Õ DOWÕQGD úX J|UúOHUH\HUYHUPLúWLU ³7UN $QDGROX¶QXQ ED÷UÕ \DQÕN LQVDQÕQÕQ KLNk\HVLQL DQODWÕU +HP GH QH KLNk\H DinOHPH\H GR\DPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ] ED]HQ QDVLKDW \NO ED]HQ LEUHW YHULFL ED]HQ GX\JXODQGÕUDQED]HQFRúWXUDQ«DEDUWÕVÕ]YHLoWHQ$VOÕQGDKLNk\HGH÷LOWDPDQODPÕ\OD µJHUoHN¶ µ7UN LQVDQÕQÕQ \D]ÕOPD\DQ URPDQÕ WUNOHUGH VDNOÕGÕU¶ GHU $KPHW +DPGL 7DQSÕQDU'LQOHGL÷LQL]]DPDQQHUHGH\VHVÕQÕUVÕ]ELUWDULKLGHULQOL÷HNDSÕDoDUWUNOHU« KLo J|UPHGL÷LQL] JHoPLúH ELU WUNQQ NDQDWODUÕQD ELQLS XoXYHULUVLQL] $úNODUÕ K]QOHUL QHúHOHUL DOÕU JHWLULU |QQ]H NR\DU WUNOHU dR÷X ]DPDQ WDULK NLWDSODUÕQGD EXODPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ] YH DVOD EXODPD\DFD÷ÕQÕ] D\UÕQWÕ\Õ SHNkOk WUNOHUGH EXODELOLUVLQL] 7UNOHUGH LQVDQ YDUGÕU dQN LQVDQÕQ KD\DWÕQGDNL D\UÕQWÕODU YDUGÕU 'ÕúDUÕGDQ EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD J|UHPHGL÷LPL] LoLQH DWWÕ÷Õ GX\JXODUÕ YDUGÕU %X \]GHQ GH WUNOHU. 8.

(32) VDGHGLU LoWHQGLU 2QX \DNDQ R]DQÕQ VDGHOL÷LQL LoWHQOL÷LQL GRVWOX÷XQX FDQD\DNÕQOÕ÷ÕQÕ \DQVÕWÕU 2]DQ WUNVQ \UH÷LQGH WDúÕU RQXQ \UH÷LQGHQ oÕNDU JHOLU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD WDELLGLU WUNOHU RQODUGD ]HUUH NDGDU \DSD\OÕN EXOPDN PPNQ GH÷LOGLU´ dHWLQND\D 1999: 183) *HQHODOJÕ7UN+DON0]L÷L LoLQGH\HUDODQYHV|]ORODQ³.ÕUÕN+DYDÓDUD³7UN´ GHQLOPHVL \|QQGHGLU Bu konXGD 0HKPHW g]EHN g]EHN

(33) ³7UN KDON úLLULQGH|]HO ELUELoLPLQDGÕ ROPDNODELUOLNWHVÕUDGDQKDON PDQLWUN NRúPDGLYDQ gazel ve benzerleri giEL KDON úLLULQLQ KHUELoLPLLOHNÕUÕN KDYDúHNOLQGHRNXQPXú V|]O ezgilere 7UNGHQPHNWHGLU´ GL\HUHN7UN¶QQH]JL \DQÕQGDNLWHPHOXQVXUXQ³6|]´ ROGX÷XQXLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU %X NRQXGD øEUDKLP .DIHVR÷OX GD ³7UN 0LOOv .OWU´ DGOÕ HVHULQGH ³(VNL 7UNOHU V|\OHGLNOHUL EHVWH\H µ,U¶ YH\D µ<ÕU¶ VD]ODUOD oDOÕQDQ PHORGLOHUH 6|]V] H]JLOHUH

(34) .J .÷-.\

(35) GL\RUODUGÕ´ .DIHVR÷OX

(36) GL\HUHNV|]O H]JLOHULQ³<ÕU´ 7UN

(37) V|]V] H]JLOHULQ LVH ³.\´ GL\H DGODQGÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPHNWHGLU NL EX oRN |QHPOLGir. 1LWHNLPJQP].D]DNYH.ÕUJÕ]7UNWRSOXPODUÕQGDV|]V]H]JLOHUH³.\´GHQLOGL÷L bilinmektedir. 7UNHU (52ö/8 EX NDYUDPODUÕ ³7UN 'DQV $QWURSRORMLVLQH *LULú´ DGOÕ HVHULQGH \HU YHUGL÷L7UNDGÕYHULOHQKDONP]L÷LHVHULQLQNÕVÕPODUÕQÕVD\DUNHQHQNoNELULPLVHV DQODPÕQGD ³$YD]´ RODUDN DGODQGÕUPDNWD $YD]¶ODUÕQ ELU DUD\D JHOLS DQODPOÕ ELU |EHN ROXúWXUPDVÕQD ³(]JL´ (]JLOHULQ ELU DUD\D JHOPHVLQGHQ ROXúDQ H]JL |EH÷LQH ³.\´, .\¶OHULQELUOHúPHVLQGHQPH\GDQDJHOHQ|EH÷H³<ÕU´<ÕU¶ODUÕQPH\GDQDJHWLUGL |EH÷H ³%|OP´ E|OPOHUGHQ PH\GDQD JHOHQ EWQH GH 7UN GHPHNWH YH V|] XQVXUXQX GLNNDWHDOPDPDNWDGÕU (UR÷OX

(38) 7UN NRQXVXQGD DUDúWÕUÕFÕODUÕQ IDUNOÕ GúQFHOHUL ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH JQP]GH 7UNL\H¶GH WUN GHQLOGL÷L ]DPDQ |]HOOLNOH KDON QH]GLQGH GH V|]O HVHUOHU DNOD JHOPHNWHGLU6|]V]KDYDODU³7DNVLPÝH\D³2\XQ+DYDVÕ´RODUDNQLWHOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGHR\XQKDYDVÕYHWDNVLPGÕúÕQGDV|]V]H]JLOHUROGXNoDD]GÕU 7UNLOHLOJLOLRODUDNoDOÕúPDQÕQYH%|OPOHULQGHWHPDs edilecek olmakla beraber EX³7UN1HGLUŃRQXVXQGDNLGúQFHPL]LGHEHOLUWPHPL]JHUHNLU. 9.

(39) Her ne kadar 7UN+DON0]L÷L¶QGHWUNGHQLOGL÷LQGHV|]OHVHUOHUYHKDWWDV|]ONÕUÕN KDYDODU DNOD JHOL\RUVD GD ELU ELUOLN VD÷ODPDN EDNÕPÕQGDQ 7UN +DON 0]L÷L bQ\HVLQGHNL ³.ÕUÕN´ ³8]XQ´ ³6|]O´ ³6|]V]´ ³2\XQ +DYDVÕ´ YH\D ³$÷ÕW´ JLEL EWQKDONP]L÷LHVHUOHULQH³7UN´GHQLOPHVLGDKDLVDEHWOLRODFDNWÕU %XQXQ GÕúÕQGDNL ³.ÕUÕN 8]XQ 2\XQ +DYDVÕ´ YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL DGODQGÕUPDODUÕQ WUNQQ oHúLWOHUL RODUDN DOJÕODQPDVÕ YH DUDúWÕUPDODUGD EXQD J|UH HOH DOÕQPDVÕQÕQ da GDKDLVDEHWOLRODFD÷ÕGúQFHVLQGH\L]. %XoDOÕúPDGDNRQX \HULJHOGL÷LQGHGHWD\OÕLQFHOHnerek YDUÕODQNDQDDWEHOLUWLOHFHNWLU 7UN +DON 0]L÷LQGH P]LN HVHUOHULQLQ UHWLOPHVL \DUDWÕOPDVÕ ROXúWXUXOPDVÕ YH\D PH\GDQDJHWLULOPHVLDQODPÕQGD³<DUDWÕ´ ifadesi tercih edilecektir. 1HUHGH\VH EWQ KDON NOWU XQVXUODUÕQGD ROGX÷X JLEL KDON P]L÷LQGH GH \DUDWÕ PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ NLúLOHU IHUWOHU-úDKÕVODU

(40) GLU <DQL WRSOXP ELU DUD\D JHOHUHN ³+DGL ELU WUN\DNDOÕPELUKDONP]L÷LHVHUL\DUDWDOÕPYH\DUHWHOLP´ demez. Eseri yaratan UHWLFL OLGHUOHUGLU 7UN WRSOXOXNODUÕQGD EXQODU ³2]DQ %DNVÕ ,UFÕ <ÕUFÕ ùDPDQ 'HVWDQFÕ $÷ÕWoÕ ÆúÕN´ JLEL NXUXPVDO QLWHOLNOL YH ELU EDNÕPD VDQDWoÕ RODQ OLGHUOHUOH topluPLoHULVLQGH\DUDWPDHGLPLQHVDKLSUHWLFLOLGHUOHUGLU Herhangi bir yere, mahalleyeN|\HNDVDED\DJLWWL÷LQL]GHWUN V|\OH\HQELUoRNLQVDQD UDVWOD\DELOLUVLQL] .DOGÕ NL EX NRQXGD XVWD ELOLQHQ LQVDQODU YDUGÕU YH \|UH KDONÕ GDKLO herkes tUNV|\OHPH\LonlardaQEHNOHUYHRQODUÕLúDUHWHGHU <DUDWÕ V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD LVH RNX\DQ V|\OH\HQH J|UH GDKD D] VD\ÕGD UHWLFL OLGHU YDUGÕU%XQODU\DUDWPDHGLPOHULRODQV|]YHYH\DP]LNUHWHELOHQ\DUDWÕFÕOLGHUOHUGLU dHúLWOLROD\YHROJXODUÕNXOODQDUDNWRSOXP NOWUQGH\DúDQDQODUÕVRV\DOYH\DoHYUHVHO ROD\ODUÕ oHYUHGHNL IL]LNL XQVXUODUÕ NRQX DODUDN UHWLP \DSDUODU %X UHWLPOHU ]DPDQ LoHULVLQGH WRSOXP WDUDIÕQGDQ EHQLPVHQHUHN ³7UNÓHúLUOHU 7RSOXP PDOÕ ROXUODU g\OH ELU ]DPDQ JHOLU NL \DUDWÕFÕVÕQÕQ UHWLFLVLQLQ |QHPL NDOPD] +DWWD NLP ROGX÷X GDKL unutulur. <XNDUÕGD V|]Q HWWL÷LPL] JLEL \|UHOHUGH KHU \|UH LQVDQÕ NHQGL WUNVQ RNX\DELOHFH÷L JLELKHU \|UHGHXVWDRNX\XFXODU WUNFOHUÕUFÕODUYH\D \ÕUFÕODUYDUGÕU %X XVWDODU \|UHGHNL KHU P]LN HVHULQL seslendiremeyebilirler. Hatta genellikle ustalar. 10.

(41) EHOOLHVHUOHULYH\DHVHUWUOHULQLRNXPDNWDNLXVWDOÕNODUÕ\ODWDQÕQÕUODU³+R\UDW8VWDODUÕ´ ³*D]HO8VWDODUÕ´³.ÕUÕN+DYD8VWDODUÕ´JLEL« 6|] NRQXVX XVWDODU GR÷XP GLú EX÷GD\Õ VQQHW FHPL\HWL NÕQD JHFHVL HYOLOLN G÷Q taziye, askere-JXUEHWH X÷XUODPD KDVDW ED\UDPÕ JLEL W|UHQOHUGH ³.Õú <DUÕVÕ´ ³.R\XQ <]-6D\D %D\UDPÕ´ ³+ÕGUHOOH]´ ³1HYUX]´ JLEL PHYVLPOLN W|UHQOHUGH YH ³)HUIHQH´ ³.UVEDúÕ´ ³6ÕUD *HFHVL´ ³<DUHQ 6RKEHWOHUL´ JLEL VRV\DO NXUXPODUÕQ JHleneksel GHUQHNOHULQWRSODQWÕODUÕQGDVDQDWODUÕQÕLFUDHGHUOHU 1.5. 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7UOHU 7UNRQXVXGD7UN+DON0]L÷L oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD]HULQGH|QHPOHGXUXODQDQFDNKHQ] ]HULQGHLWWLIDNHGLOPHPLúRODQELUNRQXGXU %XNRQXGDJHQLúELUoDOÕúPD\DSDQ'U$WÕQo(PQDODU7UN+DON0]L÷L YH1D]DUL\DWÕ DGOÕ HVHULQGH NRQX\X GHWD\ODUÕ LOH LúOHPLúWLU (PQDODU¶ÕQ NLWDEÕQGD \DSWÕ÷Õ WDVQLI DúD÷ÕGDGÕU ³*(/(1(.6(/7h5.+$/.0h=øöø ³,'Q\DVDO+DONP]L÷L A. Genel Olarak RitmOL 8VOO) Olanlar 7UNOHU D$]HUv7UNOHU E.DUDGHQL]7UNOHUL F.RQ\D7UNOHUL G5XPHOL7UNOHUL e- 7HNH<|UHVL7UNOHUL I<R]JDW7UNOHUL %DUDQD+DYDODUÕ *YHQGH7DNÕPÕ. 11.

(42) 0]LNOLg\NOHU 5. Zeybekler %*HQHO2ODUDN6HUEHVW5LWPOL 8VOV]

(43) 2ODQODU-Uzun Havalar $UJXYDQ+DYDODUÕ 2. Baraklar 3. Bozlaklar 4. Divanlar *XUEHW+DYDODUÕ 6. Hoyratlar 7. Mayalar 0VWH]DWODU <RO+DYDODUÕ ,,øQDQoVDO 7DVDYYXIv

(44) +DONP]L÷L7UOHUL $%HNWDúLOLNYH$OHYvOLN %7DVDYYXIv+DONP]L÷LQLQg]HOOLNOHUL &7DVDYYXIv+DONP]L÷LQGH7UOHU øODKLOHU a. Nefes b. Savt F*OEDQN 2. Kalenderiler 3. Semahlar $OL0HYOLGL´ (PQDODU240). 12.

(45) (PQDODU³7UNŃDSVDPÕQGD7UNKDONR\XQODUÕQGDWUOHULGHú|\OHWDVQLIHWPLúWLU ³*HQLú$ODQGD\D\JÕQ%LoLPGH2\QDQDQ7UOHU a. Barlar b. Halaylar c. Horonlar G.DUúÕODPDODU H.DúÕN2\XQODUÕ f. Zeybekler 'DU$ODQGD<D\JÕQ%LoLPGH 2\QDQDQ7UOHU a. Bengiler EdLIWHWHOOLOHU F*YHQGHOHU d. Horalar H.DVDS2\XQODUÕ I.ÕOÕo.DONDQ2\XQODUÕ g. Mengiler h. Semahlar (Samahlar) i. Seymenler M7HNH2\XQODUÕ N<DOOÕODU´ (PQDODU 1998: 420) *HUHN KDON P]L÷LQGH JHUHNVH KDON R\XQODUÕQGD \DSWÕ÷Õ WDVQLIWH ED]Õ WXWDUVÕ]OÕNODU J|UOPHNWHGLU. 13.

(46) gUQH÷LQKDONP]L÷LWUOHULQL HOHDOÕUNHQJD]HOJLELGLYDQúLLUL\OHLOJLOLROXSX]XQKDYD RODUDNRNXQDQHVHUOHUH\HUYHUPHPLúWLU$\UÕFDNDUDNWHULVWLNRODUDNWUNDSVDPÕQGDHOH alÕQPDVÕJHUHNHQ³(÷LQ+DUSXW7HFQLV7DW\DQ´JLELWUOHUH\HUYHUPHPLúWLU 7UNKDONR\XQODUÕQÕQWDVQLILQGHLVHR\QDQÕú\HUOHULQHJ|UHWDVQLI\DSPÕúROPDVÕLVDEHWOL GH÷LOGLU %XNRQXGDEL]LPGúQFHPL]WUNDUDNWHULVWLN|]HOOLNOHULQEHOLUOHPHVL\ROXQGDGÕU%X |]HOOLNOHU ³0HORGLN <DSÕ 6H\LU5LWP0HORGLN KDW

(47) ´ ³6|] 8\DN.RQX

(48) ´ YH ³øFUD %LoLPL $YD]$÷Õ]dDOJÕVDOLFUDELoLPL

(49) ´GLU %XNDUDNWHULVWLN|]HOOLNOHULWDúÕ\DQHVHUOHUYH\DHVHU|EHNOHULWURODUDNQLWHOHQGLULOHELOLU %XGúQFHGHQKDUHNHWOH+DUSXW(÷LQ6LOLINH.RQ\DdDPúÕKÕ$UJXYDQYHEHQ]HUOHUL JLEL \|UH DYD]ODUÕ V|\OH\LúOHUL

(50) YH 0VWH]DW 0D\D +R\UDW JLEL DGÕQÕ V|] XQVXUXQGDQ DOPDNOD ELUOLNWH NDUDNWHULVWLN RODUDN IDUNOÕOÕN DU] HGHQ YH |EHN ROXúWXUDQ HVHUOHUL GH ³7U´RODUDNNDEXOHGHELOLriz. %L]EXoDOÕúPDPÕ]GD³7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7U´PHVHOHVLQLGHULQOHPHVLQHLQFHOH\HFHN GH÷LOL] $QFDN 7UN +DON 0]L÷LQGH 7U V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD ³=H\EHN +DOD\ 'H\Lú-6HPDK %DUDN %R]ODN +R\UDW´ YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL ELU |EHN ROXúWXUDQ LON EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD NDUDNWHULVWLN RODUDN NHQGLQL EHOOL HGHQ HVHUOHUL 7U RODUDN DOJÕODGÕ÷ÕPÕ]Õ HVDVHQ EXQODUÕQ KHU ELULQLQ ³7UN´QQ oHúLWOHUL RODUDN DOJÕODQPDVÕQÕQ GDKD X\JXQ RODFD÷ÕQÕGDEHOLUWPHNLVWHUL] 1.6. 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7DUWÕúPDOÕ.RQXYH.DYUDPODU 1.6.1. 7UN+DON0]L÷Lnde Anonimlik $QRQLP NDYUDPÕ7UNoHV|]ONWH)UDQVÕ]FD³DQRQ\PH´VI $GÕVDQÕELOLQPH\HQ: ³$KELUDQRQLPROPDNNDODEDOÕNLoLQHNDUÕúÕSND\EROPDNWDGÕQDNDYXúDELOVH\GLN´ ±F. R. Atay. 2. dRNRUWDNOÕ. 3. Ed. <D]DQÕ\DSDQÕV|\OH\HQLELOLnmeyen HVHU

(51) øQJLOL]FH ³DQRQ\P´. <D]DUÕ. EHOOL. ROPD\DQ. ELOLQPH\HQ. RODUDN. DoÕNODQPDNWDGÕU. (http://tdk.gov.tr/10/03/2014-19:19). (GHEL\DW YH HGHEv HVHUOHU LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ ³$QRQLP´ NDYUDPÕ 7UN +DON 0]L÷Lnde, EHVWH YH JIWH \D]DUÕ EHOOL ROPD\DQ WUNOHU LoLQ NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU %|\OHFH ED]Õ. 14.

(52) DUDúWÕUÕFÕODUWUNOHUL³$QRQLP7UNOHUÝH³%HVWH7UNOHU´úHNOLQGHLNLúHNLOGH HOH DOPDNWDGÕUODU %X úHNLOGHNL ELU WDVQLIH LWLUD]ODU GD YDUGÕU 0HVHOD $EX]HU $NEÕ\ÕN $QRQLP7UNOHU9H%HVWH7UNOHU´DGOÕPDNDOHVLQGH ³*QP] ELU NÕVÕP RWRULWHOHUL VDKLEL ELOLQPH\HQ DQRQLP

(53) H]JLOHUH ³WUN´ GHPHNWHGLU6DKLELEHOOLRODQ V|]YHP]L÷LQL\DSDQÕELOLQHQ

(54) H]JLOHUHGH³EHVWH´ demektedir %X WU HVHUOHUH ED]HQ GH ³WUN IRUPXQGD \D]ÕOPÕú EHVWH´ WDELUL NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU%LUEDúNDLIDGHLOHHVHULQVDKLELEHOOLGH÷LOVH³7UNÉHOOLLVH³%HVWH´ WDELUL NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU %HQ EX J|UúH NDWÕOPÕ\RUXP 1HGHQ GHUVHQL] ³7UNOHULQ VDKLELQLQ EHOOL ROPDPDVÕ WUN\ ELU WRSOXOX÷XQ ELUOLNWH \DSWÕ÷Õ DQODPÕQD JHOPH]´ (http://www.turkuler.com//22/04/2014/01:58) dL\HUHNDQRQLPRODQODUÕGDWRSOXPXQELU DUDGD UHWPHGL÷L YH DQRQLP GHQLOHQ HVHUOHUL GH NLúLOHULQ UHWWL÷L RQODUÕQ LVLPOHULQLQ XQXWXOPXúROPDVÕQÕQVDKLSVL]ROGXNODUÕDQODPÕQDJHOPHGL÷LQLLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU *HUoHNWHQ GH DQRQLP NDYUDPÕ ³\D]DUÕ-sahibi-UHWHQL ELOLQPH]OLNÓH LOJLOL ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH $QWURSRORMLN YH\D 6RV\RORMLN RODUDN EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD ³%LU NOWU XQVXUunun WRSOXPVDOODúPDVUHFL´RODUDNDOJÕODPDNGDKDLVDEHWOLRODFDNWÕU +HUKDQJL ELU KDON NOWU XQVXUX ELUH\OHU WDUDIÕQGDQ UHWLOLU =DPDQ LoLQGH WDNOLW HGLOH HGLOHWRSOXPXQE\NoR÷XQOX÷XWDUDIÕQGDQELOLQLUWDQÕQÕUYHKDWWDX\JXODQÕUKDOHJHOLU Bu GXUXPGDH÷HUELUP]LNHVHULKDONDDLWLVH\DQLKDONNOWULoLQGHHOHDOÕQÕ\RULVH ]DWHQWRSOXPVDOODúPÕúWÕU<DQLKDONWDUDIÕQGDQWDQÕQÕUELOLQLUKDOHJHOPLúWLU=DWHQ$GÕQD ³7UN´GHQL\RULVHKDONDDLWWLU ³8]XQøQFH%LU<ROGD\ÕP´DGOÕWUNQQ³ÆúÕN9H\VHO´HDLWROPDVÕRQX³%HVWH7UN´ \DSPD] ³0LKULEDQ DGOÕ WUNQQ \HQL ELU HVHU ROGX÷XQX YH V|]QQ $EGXUUDKLP .DUDNRo¶D EHVWHVLQLQ LVH 0XVD (UR÷OX¶\D DLW ROGX÷XQX ELUoRN GLQOH\LFL ELOPH\HELOLU +DWWD LFUDFÕODUÕQ ELUoR÷X GD ELOPH\HELOLU $QFDN ³Mihriban´ DGOÕ P]LN HVHUL WRSOXPVDOODúPD VUHFLQL WDPDPODPÕú YH ³7UN´ ROPXúWXU 1LWHNLP ED]Õ VDQDW P]L÷L EHVWHNkUODUÕQÕQ GD ³7UNÓHULQLQ ROGX÷X ELOLQPHNWHGLU gUQHN 6DDGHWWLQ .D\QDN¶ÕQ ³+DWLFHP 6DoODUÕQÕ 'DOJD 'DOJD 7DUDPÕú øúWH 6HQL 6HYHQ %HQLP %DWDQ *n Kana %HQ]L\RU´JLELHVHUOHUL7UNL\H¶QLQKHU\HULQGH7UNRODUDNRNXQPDNWDYHoR÷XQOXNOD GD6DGHWWLQ.D\QDN¶DDLWROGX÷XELOLQPHPHNWHGLU. 15.

(55) 1LWHOLNOHULEDNÕPÕQGDQKDONvRODQ\DQLKDONNOWUQHGD\DOÕRODQELUP]LNHVHUL\D]DUÕ EHOOLROVXQYH\DROPDVÕQ KDONDPDOROPXúLVH³7UN´GUYHGHDQRQLPGLU 1.6.2. 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH<|UH <|UHNDYUDPÕKHUQHNDGDUoR÷XQOXNOD³<HU´DQODPÕQGDNXOODQÕOÕ\RULVHGHNOWUHOELU DODQÕLúDUHWHWWL÷LLoLQ³1DVÕOELU\HU"´VRUXVXQXQFHYDEÕQÕDUDPDPÕ]JHUHNPHNWHGLU BX NRQXGD 'U 0HUGDQ *YHQ ³7UNOHUL EHOOL ELU N|\Q NDVDEDQÕQ YH\D LOLQ VÕQÕUODUÕQDKDSVHWPHQLQDQODPOÕROPDGÕ÷Õ´QÕ *YHQ

(56) V|\OH\HUHNGúQFHPL]L desteklemektedir. 0DKPXW 5DJÕS *D]LPLKDO LVH 7UNOHULQ LNOLPOHUH WDEL EXOXQGXNODUÕQÕ LIDGH HGHUek ³ùLPDOL$QDGROX.DUDGHQL]

(57) ùDUNL 'R÷X

(58) $QDGROX2UWD$QDGROXYH&HQXEL$QDGROX´ GL\HUHN7UNL\H¶GHNL+DONP]L÷L\|UHOHULQLE|OJH\HYH\D\|UH\HD\ÕUPÕúWÕUNLEX D\UÕPGDFR÷UDI\DHVDVDOÕQPÕúWÕU *D]LPLKDO

(59) <XNDUÕGD LIDGH HWWL÷LPL] JLEL JQP]GH NOWU \DUDWDQ YH \DúDWDQ KDON GHYOHWLQ EHOLUOHGL÷L LGDUv VL\DVv YH\D FR÷UDIL E|OQPHOHUH J|UH HOH DOÕQPDNWDGÕU 2\VD LGDUv VL\DVv YH\D FR÷UDIL VÕQÕUODU NOWUOHUL VÕQÕUODPDGD \HWHUVL] NDOÕUODU dQN NOWU VÕQÕUODUÕQÕQ LGDUv E|OQPHOHUH J|UH EHOLUOH\HFHN ROGX÷XPX]GD KDQJL LGDUv E|OQPH\L HVDVDODFD÷ÕPÕ]KXVXVXELUVRUXQWHúNLOHGHU %XNRQXGD$UDúWÕUÕFÕ7UNHU(UR÷OXED]ÕVRUXODUVRUDUDNVRUXQDo|]PDUDPÕúWÕU (UR÷OX HVDV DOÕQDFDN LGDUv E|OQPH N|\ P úHKLU PL E|OJH PL RODFD÷Õ Eunlardan ELULQLQNDEXOHGLOPHVLGXUXPXQGD7UNL\HV|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGD2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ VRQ G|QHPLQGHNL LGDUv E|OQPHQLQ PL \RNVD &XPKXUL\HW G|QHPLQGH &XPKXUL\HWLQ NXUXOXúXQGDQ JQP]H NDGDU GHIDODUFD GH÷LúPLú RODQ LGDUv E|OQPHQLQ PL HVDV DOÕQDFD÷ÕQRNWDVÕQGDNLVRUXQXLIDGHHGHUHNú|\OHGHYDPHWPLúWLU ³%LOLQGL÷L]HUH2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQVRQG|QHPLQGHNLLGDUv\DSÕODQPDGDH\DOHWVLVWHPL YDUGÕ%X\DSÕ\ÕOÕQDNDGDU/LYDYH\D6DQFDNDGÕYHULOHQYHEXJQNYLOD\HWH\DQL ³LO´HWHNDEOHGHQLGDUvE|OPOHULOHND]DQDKL\HYHN|\OHUúHNOLQGHLGL$QD\DVDVÕ LOH EX \DSÕ LO LOoH EXFDN YH N|\ WHúNLODWODQPDVÕQD G|QúW Daha sonra bucaklar da OD÷YHGLOHUHNLOLOoHYHN|\WHúNLODWODQPDVÕQDJHoLOGL%XWHúNLODWODQPDGDPHYFXWRODQ. 16.

(60) LOEXJQ¶HoÕNPÕúLOoHVD\ÕVÕLVHEX\DSÕLoHULVLQGHDUWÕúJ|VWHUPLúWLU´ ((UR÷OX 119) *HUoHNWHQ GH 7UNL\H¶QLQ LGDUv \DSÕVÕ VÕN VÕN GH÷LúPLúWLU +DOHQ ED]Õ LOoHOHULQ LO \DSÕOPDVÕQRNWDVÕQGDWHNOLIOHUYDUGÕU(UR÷OXEXGXUXPDLúDUHWHGHUHN ³ùLPGL EL] EX WHúNLODWODQPDQÕQ KDQJLVLQH LWLEDU HGHFH÷L]" 0HVHOD VRQ ]DPDQGD ROXúWXUXODQ\HQLLOOHU\HQLNOWUE|OJHOHULKDOLQHPLJHOPLúWLU"=RQJXOGDN¶WDQD\UÕODUDN LORODQ%DUWÕQ1L÷GH¶GHQD\UÕODUDNøOROPXú$NVDUD\%ROX¶GDQD\UÕODUDNLOROPXú']FH ED÷OÕ EXOXQGXNODUÕ LOGHQ D\UÕOGÕNODUÕQGD \HQL ELU NOWU E|OJHVL PL ROXúPXúWXU" (OEHWWH \HQL ELU NOWU E|OJHVL ROXúPDPÕúWÕU 2 YDNLW EL] KDQJL LGDUv E|OP HVDV DOPDOÕ\Õ]"«%LU ONHQLQ LGDUv WHúNLODW \DSÕVÕ R ONHQLQ \HUHO NOWU VÕQÕUODUÕ LoLQ ILNLU verebilir ama belirleyLFLRODPD]dQNNOWUOHULGDUvYH\DVL\DVvVÕQÕUWDQÕPD]ODU3HNL R]DPDQKDONP]L÷LQGHJHOHQHNVHOOL÷LQ\DúDQGÕ÷Õ\|UHOHULQDVÕOVÕQÕUOD\DFD÷Õ]0HVHOD WUNOHU DQRQV HGLOLUNHQ V|\OHQGL÷L JLEL øo $QDGROX *QH\GR÷X $QDGROX 'R÷X .DUDGHQL]JLELFR÷UDIv E|OJHOHUH J|UHLIDGHHWPHNLVDEHWOL PLGLU" $\UÕFDKHULOHWUN UHSHUWXYDUÕ ROXúWXUPDN QH NDGDU GR÷UXGXU"´ (UR÷OX 119) GHPLú YH LGDUv E|OQPHOHUH GD\DQDQVÕQÕUODPDQÕQGR÷UXROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕVDYXQPXúWXU %XNRQXGD7UNOHULQGR÷Xú\HULND\QD÷Õ|QHPDUz etmektedir. 7UNL\H¶GHNL 7UN NOWU V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD 8OX÷ 7UNLVWDQ 2UWD $V\D

(61) ¶GDQ EXUD\DWDúÕQDQEXNOWUQLoLQGHEXOXQDQXQVXUODUGDQNDoÕEXUDGD\DUDWÕOPÕúWÕU"(OEHWWH bunu tespit HWPHNROGXNoD]RUGXU 1LWHNLP ³ÆúÕN´ H]JLOHULQH EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD EX H]JLOHULQLQ oR÷XQXQ WHNUDUODQDQ H]JLOHU ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU *QP]GH \DUDWÕOPÕú RODQODUÕQ ELOH WHPHO H]JLOHUL YH KDWWD V|]OHULQLQWHPHOOHULQLQJHoPLúWHDWÕOPÕúROGX÷XJHUoH÷L\OHNDUúÕODúÕOPDNWDGÕU %X GXUXPD HQ J]HO |UQHN ³ÆúÕNODU´ÕQ ³8VWD 0DOÕ´ WUNOHU V|\OHPHOHULQLQ \DQÕQGD \HQLHVHUOHUPH\GDQDJHWLULUNHQXVWDODUÕWDNOLWHWPHOHULRQODUÕQNXOODQGÕ÷ÕH]JLYHKDWWD V|]NDOÕSODUÕQGDQ\DUDUODQPDODUÕQÕJ|VWHUHELOLUL] ÆúÕNODU GÕúÕQGDNL KDON H]JLOHUL GH D\QÕ úHNLOGH JHoPLúWHNL XVWDODUÕQ \DUDWÕODUÕQGDQ \DUDUODQÕODUDNROXúWXUXOPXúODUGÕU%XVRQGHUHFHQRUPDOGLUdQNEXQODUYDKL\\ROX\OD LQVDQODUD XODúPDPÕúWÕU %LU PLOOHW NOWUQQ WHPHOOHUL R PLOOHWLQ ROXúPDVÕQGDQ. 17.

(62) EDúOD\DUDN WDULK ER\XQFD EHOLUJLQ ELU úHNLOGH |EHNOHúLS JQP]H NDGDU XODúPÕúWÕU TariKLQ KHU G|QHPLQGH WRSOXPX ROXúWXUDQ LQVDQODU |]HOOLNOH ³\DUDWÕFÕ UHWLFL OLGHUOHU´ PHYFXWXQVXUODUD\HQLOHULQLHNOH\HUHNNOWUJHOLúWLULUOHU %X FPOHGHQ RODUDN HVNL \XUWODUÕQGDQ 7UNL\H¶\H J|o HWPLú EXOXQDQ 7UN WRSOXOXNODUÕQÕQ NDGLP NOWUOHULQL EXUD\D WDúÕGÕNODUÕQÕ YH GD÷ÕOGÕNODUÕ E|OJHOHUGHNL FR÷UDIv úDUWODU YH WHPDV HWWLNOHUL LQVDQODUGDQ GD HWNLOHQHUHN \HQL \DUDWÕODU PH\GDQD JHWLUGLNOHULQLV|\OHPHNPPNQGU ³+DGLVH\H EX DoÕGDQ \DNODúÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD \|UH NRQXVXQGD HQ LVDEHWOL VÕQÕUODPD YH\D belirleme \DNODúÕPÕQÕQER\ODUDVR\ODUDR\PDNODUDYHDúLUHWOHUHJ|UHROPDVÕJHUHNWL÷L RUWD\D oÕNPDNWDGÕU $QFDN ER\ODU VR\ODU R\PDNODU YH DúLUHWOHU VDGHFH ONH oDSÕQGD GH÷LOGQ\DoDSÕQGDGD÷ÕOGÕNODUÕQGDQEXVÕQÕUODQGÕUPDQÕQGDJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLPPNQ olamamaNWDGÕU <DOQÕ]FD 7UNL\H GúQOG÷QGH GDKL EX PPNQ GH÷LOGLU 7UNL\H¶GH \DOQÕ]FD 2÷X] %R\X HVDV DOÕQPÕú ROVD GDKL EX ER\D ED÷OÕ R\PDNODU DúLUHWOHU YH FHPDDWODU ONHQLQ oHúLWOL E|OJHOHULQH \D\ÕOPÕú ROGX÷XQGDQ EX úHNLOGH VÕQÕUODQGÕUPDNYHLQFHOHPHNPPNQJ|UOPHPHNWHGLU´ (UR÷OX 119) .DOGÕ NL KDON P]L÷L HVHUOHUL RODQ WUNOHU NOWUHO \D\ÕOPD GLIIXVLRQ

(63) \ROX\OD UHWLOGL÷L \DUDWÕOGÕ÷Õ YH\D \R÷XQ RODUDN LFUD HGLOHUHN \DúDWÕOGÕ÷Õ ELU \HUGHQ EDúND ELU \HUH\HUOHUHGHWDúÕQDELOLU Bu konuda ArDúWÕUPDFÕ0HKPHWg]EHN¶LQ³%D]Õ7UNOHUVHYLOGLNOHULRUDQGD\D\JÕQOÕN ND]DQDUDN \|UHVHOOLNWHQ E|OJHVHOOL÷H JHoHUOHU´ g]EHN 2012: 24) úeklindeki ifadesi GLNNDWoHNLFLGLU 7DELEXLIDGHOHUKDONP]L÷LQGH\|UHNDVWHGLOLUNHQLOOHUGHQLOoHOHUGHQKDWWDN|\OHUGHQ V|]HGLOHPH\HFH÷LDQODPÕQDGDJHOPH]dQNùDQOÕXUID+DUSXW(÷LQ6LOLINHøVWDQEXO .ÕUúHKLU JLEL ED]Õ LOOHU EHOLUJLQ ELU ELoLPGH DGODUÕQGDQ V|] HWWLUHFHN NOWU \DSÕVÕQD GROD\ÕVÕ\ODGDP]LNDOELU\DSÕ\DVDKLSWLUOHU <XNDUÕGD V|]Q HWWL÷LPL] (÷LQ 6LOLINH JLEL LOoHOHULQ \DQÕQGD $UJXYDQ $FÕSD\DP dDPHOL )HWKL\H JLEL ED]Õ LOoHOHUGH NDUDNWHULVWLNOHUL LWLEDUÕ\OD \|UH RODUDN LIDGH HGLOHELOHFHN GXUXPGDGÕUODU $\UÕFD 7HNH $QNDUD 7UDN\D ø]PLU %XUVD øVWDQEXO JLEL \HUOHUGH\|UHRODUDNLIDGHedilebilir.. 18.

(64) %X \|UHOHUGHQ ED]ÕODUÕ ³.OWU 0HUNH]L´ ROPDODUÕQGDQ GROD\Õ |QH oÕNPÕú ED]ÕODUÕ GD NHQGLOHULQH DLW ELU NDUDNWHULVWLN ROXúWXUGXNODUÕQGDQ \|UH RODUDN DQÕODELOLU GXUXPD JHOPLúOHUGLU %XGXUXPGD³<|UH´DGODQGÕUPDVÕQGDo|]PRODUDNP]LNDO\DSÕLWLEDUÕ\ODNDUDNWHULVWLN RODUDN ELU |EHN ROXúWXUPXú RODQ \HUOHUOH NOWU PHUNH]L RODQ \HUOHU HVDV DOÕQDELOLU YH 7UNL\H GLNNDWH DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD ONHGH NOWU PHUNH]L RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕODELOHFHN \HUOHUL tespit HWPHNOHLúHEDúODQDELOLU %X PHUNH]OHU JHQLú ELU KLQWHUODQGD DUG ONH\H

(65) VDKLS ROPDOÕ D\QÕ ]DPDQGD ELUHU WLFDUHW VD÷OÕN YH H÷LWLP PHUNH]L RODUDN \]\ÕOODU |WHVLQGHQ JQP]H XODúPÕú EXOXQPDOÕGÕU7DELLEXPHUNH]OHULEHOLUOHPHNNROD\ELULúGH÷LOGLUg]HOOLNOHNOWUWDULKv DoÕVÕQGDQFLGGvDUDúWÕUPDJHUHktirir. 6RQXoRODUDNKDONNOWULOHLOJLOLEWQoDOÕúPDODUGD\|UHDGÕYHULOHQDODQÕLGDUvYH\D FR÷UDIv RODUDN VÕQÕUODPDN LVDEHWOL GH÷LOGLU øVDEHWOL RODQ R\PDN DúLUHW FHPDDW JLEL VRV\RORMLN |EHNOHúPHOHUH J|UH VÕQÕUODPDNWÕU $QFDN EX |EHNOHU GH ONHOHULQ oHúitli \HUOHULQHGD÷ÕODUDNRUDGDNL\HUHOKDONODNDUÕúWÕNODUÕQGDQEXGDPPNQRODPDPDNWDGÕU %XGXUXPGD \XNDUÕGDWHNOLIHWWL÷LPL]JLEL KDON P]L÷L V|]NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD³<|UH´ LIDGHVL LOH ³(÷LQ´ ³$UJXYDQ´ ³6LOLINH´ YH EHQ]HUOHUL JLEL ³0]LNDO .DUDNWHULVWLN´ ROXúWXUPXú RODQODUOD +DUSXW .RQ\D øVWDQEXO %XUVD vb. JLEL ³.OWU 0HUNH]OHUL´QLQ DQODúÕOPDVÕQÕQ GDKDX\JXQRODFD÷ÕQÕNDQDDWLQGHyiz. <|UH GHQLOGL÷LQGH 7UNL\H¶GH JHQHOOLNOH LOOHU DNOD JHOPHNWHGLU %DúND ELU GH\LúOH JQP] LGDUv E|OQPHVL HVDV DOÕQPDNWD \|UHOHU oR÷XQOXNOD LO YH\D LOoHOHUOH VÕQÕUODQGÕUÕOPDNWDGÕU %LU WUNQQ \|UHVL JQGHPH JHOGL÷LQGH 'HQL]OL .ÕUúHKLU (U]XUXP JLEL LO DGODUÕ\OD YH\D 6LOLINH (÷LQ 6DIUDQEROX JLEL LOoH DGODUÕ\OD DQÕOÕUNHQ GL÷HU\DQGDQøo$QDGROX(JH'R÷X$QDGROXJLELE|OJHDGODUÕ\ODGDLIDGHHGLOPHNWHGLU %XDGODQGÕUPDODUÕQLOPvROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕELU\DQDLOOHUDUDVÕQGDEXtUNEL]LPúXWUN EL]GHQoDOÕQGÕIDODQH]JLEL]GHQDOÕQGÕJLEL\HUVL]WDUWÕúPDODUDGD\RODoPDNWDGÕU (OEHWWH 7UNOHU ELU \|UHGH \HUGH E|OJHGH PDKDOGH

(66) GR÷PXú UHWLOPLúWLU *QP] WUNOHULQLQ E\N ELU oR÷XQOX÷XQXQ oRN HVNL ]DPDQODUGD GR÷XS EXJQH PLUDV RODUDN XODúWÕ÷ÕQÕGDXQXWPDPDNJHUHNLU. 19.

(67) %L]EXoDOÕúPDGD7UN+DON0]L÷L DoÕVÕQGDQ³<|UH´\L³(÷LQ´³Arguvan´³Silifke´ ve benzerOHUL JLEL ³0]LNDO .DUDNWHULVWLN´ ROXúWXUPXú RODQODUOD Harput, Konya, øVWDQEXO %XUVD vb. JLEL ³.OWU 0HUNH]OHUL´QL NDVW HWWL÷LPL]L EHOLUWPHN LVWHUL] (UR÷OX 120) 1.6.3. 7UN+DON0]L÷LQGH7DYÕUYHhVOS 7UNL\H 7UNoHVLQGH $UDSoD .|NHQOL ³7DYU´ $\YHUGL

(68) GDQ ³7DYÕU´ YH ³hVOS´ NDYUDPODUÕ oR÷XQOXNOD Hú DQODPOÕ J|UOPHNWH YH ³<RO <RUGDP <|QWHP gEHN7DU]%LoHP<RUXP(NRO´JLELNDYUDPODUODELUOLNWHDQÕOPDNWDGÕU .RQX\XGHWD\OÕLQFHOH\HQ1 7UNHU(52ö/8 ³8]XQ \ÕOODUGÕU KDON NOWUQQ VR\XW DODQODUÕQGDQ RODQ GDQV YH P]LN NRQXVXQGD ELU \|UHGHNLP]LNOHLOJLOL|]HOLFUDELoLPOHULLIDGHHGLOLUNHQKHS³WDYÕU´LIDGHVLNXOODQÕOÕU %LU \|UHQLQ P]LNWHNL LFUD ELoLPL NDVWHGLOHUHN PHVHOD <R]JDW V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD ³<R]JDW 7DYUÕ´ YH\D ³<R]JDW 7H]HQHVL´ \DKXW .RQ\D V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD ³.RQ\D 7DYUÕ´ YH\D ³.RQ\D 7H]HQHVL´ úHNOLQGH LIDGHOHU NXOODQÕOÕU .ÕUúHKLUOL 1HúHW (UWDú¶ÕQ WDYUÕLOHEDEDVÕRODQ0XKDUUHP(UWDú¶ÕQWDYUÕIDUNOÕGÕU$QFDNEWQ.ÕUúHKLU\|UHVLQLQ NHQGLQH KDV ELU oDOPD YH V|\OHPH úHNOL YDUGÕU NL QDVÕO PLPDUvGHNL JHQHO DNÕPODUD YH ELoLPOHUH ³5|QHVDQV 5RNRNR %DURN 8VOEX´ GHQLOL\RUVD EL] GH ELU LOLQ YH\D ELU E|OJHQLQ JHQHO RODUDNP]LN LFUDELoLPOHULQHR \|UHQLQ ³8VOEX´ R \|UHGHNL NLúLOHULQ NHQGLQH|]JLFUDELoLPOHULQHLVH³2\|UHQLQWDYUÕ´GHQLOPHVLQLn dahDX\JXQRODFD÷ÕQÕ GúQ\RUX]. (UR÷OX115) demektedir. 2\VD KHU QH NDGDU %DWÕ¶GD V|]ON DQODPÕ RODUDN ³hVOS´ 6W\OH

(69) ³%LU oD÷D |]J WHNQLN´ 7UN 'LO .XUXPX %\N 7UNoH 6|]ON 8VOS PDGGHVL

(70) RODUDN LIade HGLOL\RUVDGD7UNL\H¶GHGDKDoRN³%LU\D]DUÕQELUNLúLQLQDQODWÕúÕGH\LúL\DSÕúELoLPL YH\DWDU]Õ´ (Ayverdi, 2005: hVOS0DGGHVL