10 20 30 40 50

(1)

6.1.5 Histograms: geom_histogram()

1

> plot4 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 , aes(x = FEcombined )) + geom _ histogram ( binwidth = 1, aes( fill = .. count ..) ) + labs (x = " Miles per Gallon : Combined ", y = " Count ")

2

> plot4

0 25 50 75 100

10 20 30 40 50

Miles per Gallon: Combined

Count

0 25 50 75

count

60

(2)

6.1.6 Density Plots: geom_density()

1

>plot5 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 ) +

geom _ density (aes( FEcity , fill = " City "), alpha = 0.5) + geom _ density (aes( FEhighway , fill = " Highway "), alpha =

0.5) +

labs (x = " Miles per Gallon ", y = " Density ") + guides ( fill = guide _ legend ( title = " Type "))

2

> plot5

0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075

10 20 30 40 50

Miles per Gallon

Density

Type

City Highway

61

(3)

6.1.7 Text Plots: geom_text()

1

> plot6 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 ) +

2

geom _ text (aes(x = Displacement , y = FEcombined , label = Manufacturer , color = as . factor ( FErating )), size = labs (x = " Displacement (in Liters )", y = " Combined Fuel 3) +

Economy (in mpg )") +

guides ( color = guide _ legend ( title = " Fuel Economy \ nRating ")) +

coord _ cartesian ( xlim = c ( -1 ,9) , ylim = c (5 ,55))

3

> plot6

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10 20 30 40 50

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

Displacement (in Liters)

Combined Fuel Econom y (in mpg)

Fuel Economy Rating

a a a

a

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

62

(4)

6.1.8 Faceting: facet_wrap() & facet_grid()

The facet_wrap() ^and facet_grid() functions allow for creating graphical contingency tables.

1

> FE2013 $ Gears <- as. factor ( FE2013 $ Gears )

2

> FE2013 $ FErating <- as . factor ( FE2013 $ FErating )

3

> plot7 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 , aes(x = FEhighway , y = FEcity )) +

geom _ point (aes( color = Gears )) + geom _rug ( sides = "b") +

geom _ smooth ( method = "lm") + facet _ wrap ( ~ Cylinder )

4

> plot7

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3 4 5

6 8 10

12 16

10 20 30 40 50

20 30 40 20 30 40

FEhighway

FEcity

Gears

●

10 20 30 40 50

6.1.5 Histograms: geom_histogram()

> plot4 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 , aes(x = FEcombined )) + geom _ histogram ( binwidth = 1, aes( fill = .. count ..) ) + labs (x = " Miles per Gallon : Combined ", y = " Count ")

> plot4

0 25 50 75 100

10 20 30 40 50

Miles per Gallon: Combined

Count

0 25 50 75

60

6.1.6 Density Plots: geom_density()

>plot5 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 ) +

geom _ density (aes( FEcity , fill = " City "), alpha = 0.5) + geom _ density (aes( FEhighway , fill = " Highway "), alpha =

0.5) +

labs (x = " Miles per Gallon ", y = " Density ") + guides ( fill = guide _ legend ( title = " Type "))

> plot5

0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075

10 20 30 40 50

Miles per Gallon

Density

City Highway

61

6.1.7 Text Plots: geom_text()

> plot6 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 ) +

geom _ text (aes(x = Displacement , y = FEcombined , label = Manufacturer , color = as . factor ( FErating )), size = labs (x = " Displacement (in Liters )", y = " Combined Fuel 3) +

Economy (in mpg )") +

guides ( color = guide _ legend ( title = " Fuel Economy \ nRating ")) +

coord _ cartesian ( xlim = c ( -1 ,9) , ylim = c (5 ,55))

> plot6

10 20 30 40 50

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

Displacement (in Liters)

Combined Fuel Econom y (in mpg)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

62

6.1.8 Faceting: facet_wrap() & facet_grid()

The facet_wrap() and facet_grid() functions allow for creating graphical contingency tables.

> FE2013 $ Gears <- as. factor ( FE2013 $ Gears )

> FE2013 $ FErating <- as . factor ( FE2013 $ FErating )

> plot7 <- ggplot ( data = FE2013 , aes(x = FEhighway , y = FEcity )) +

geom _ point (aes( color = Gears )) + geom _rug ( sides = "b") +

geom _ smooth ( method = "lm") + facet _ wrap ( ~ Cylinder )

> plot7

3 4 5

6 8 10

12 16

10 20 30 40 50

10 20 30 40 50

10 20 30 40 50

20 30 40 20 30 40

FEhighway

FEcity

1 4 5 6 7 8

63

The facet_wrap() ^and facet_grid() functions allow for creating graphical contingency tables.