Kâğıt katkılı seramik bünyelerin araştırılması ve seramik uygulamaları

Tam metin

(1)T.C. 6$.$5<$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø 626<$/%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h. .Æö,7.$7.,/,6(5$0ø.%h1<(/(5ø1 $5$ù7,5,/0$6,9(6(5$0ø.8<*8/$0$/$5,. <h.6(./ø6$167(=ø 3ÕQDU$d$5. (QVWLW$QD%LOLP'DOÕ6HUDPLN EnsWLW%|OP'DOÕ6HUDPLN. 7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ<UG'Ro%XNHW$&$57h5.. +$=ø5$1- 2011 i.

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(5) ødø1'(.ø/(5 5(6ø0/ø67(6ø ............................................................................................................iii TABLO /ø67(6ø .........................................................................................................viii g=(7«««.................................................................................................................. ix SUMMARY« ................................................................................................................ x. *ø5øù««« .................................................................................................................. 1 %g/h0: .$ö,7.$7.,/,6(5$0ø.d$0858 ............................................... 4 1.1. .D÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ7DQÕPÕ ................................................................ 4 1.2. .D÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ7DULKoHVL ............................................................. 5 1.3. 6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ<DSÕVDOg]HOOL÷L ....................................................................... 8 1.4. .D÷ÕGÕQ<DSÕVDOg]HOOL÷L .......................................................................................... 11 %g/h0: .$ö,7.$7.,/,d$08581+$=,5/$0$$ù$0$/$5, .......... 14 2.1. .D÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXøoHULVLQH.DUÕúWÕUÕODFDN.D÷ÕWdHúLWOHUL................... 14 2.2. .k÷ÕW/DSDVÕYH6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ.DUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ............................................... 19 2.3. .D÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLN%Q\HOHUH8\JXODQDQ7HVWOHU .............................................. 21 2.3.1. <R÷UXOPD6X\X7esti ..................................................................................... 21 2.3.2. Kuru3LúPH vH7RSOX.oOPH'HQH\OHUL .................................................... 22 2.3.3. Su Emme Deneyi............................................................................................ 23. %g/h0 : .Æö,7 .$7.,/, 6(5$0ø. d$085/$5, ø/( *(/(1(.6(/ ù(.ø//(1'ø50(<g17(0/(5ø .................................................. 38 3.1. dLPGLN<|QWHPLLOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH .......................................................................... 38 3.2. )LWLO VXFXN

(6) <|QWHPLLOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH................................................................... 39 3.3. /HYKD<|QWHPLøOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH ............................................................................ 40 3.4. 7RUQD<|QWHPLLOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH ............................................................................. 42 3.5. $NÕWPD<|QWHPLøOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH .......................................................................... 43 3.6. .DOÕED%DVPD<|QWHPLLOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH ................................................................ 44 3.7. '|NP<|QWHPLLOHùHNLOOHQGLUPH .......................................................................... 46 i.

(7) 3.8. .k÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ+HU'XUXPGD%LUELULQH(NOHQHELOPHVL ............ 47 3.9. .k÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ3LúPH$úDPDODUÕ .............................................. 48 3.10. .k÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLNdDPXUXQAvaQWDMODUÕ-'H]DYDQWDMODUÕ ................................ 49 6DQDWoÕODUGDQgUQHNOHU ........................................................................................... 53 %g/h0: UYGULAMALAR .................................................................................... 64 4.1. Uygulama 1 .............................................................................................................. 64 4.2. Uygulama 2 .............................................................................................................. 67 4.3. Uygulama 3 .............................................................................................................. 71 4.4. Uygulama 4 .............................................................................................................. 75 4.5. Uygulama 5 .............................................................................................................. 78 4.6. Uygulama 6 .............................................................................................................. 80. 6218d«« ................................................................................................................. 82 .$<1$.d$ ................................................................................................................ 85 g=*(d0øù ................................................................................................................. 86. ii.

(8) 5(6ø0/ø67(6ø Resim 1: 0LNURVNRSDOWÕQGDVHOOR]OLIOHUL ................................................................................... 4 Resim 2: 0LNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLOSDUWLNOOHULQLQ J|UQP ........................................................... 9 Resim 3: %LWNLN|NHQOLVHOOR]\DSÕQÕQPLNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLJ|UQWV .................................... 11 Resim 4: %LWNLN|NHQOLVHOOR]\DSÕQÕQPLNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLJ|UQWV .................................... 11 Resim 5: )LEHUOHUWUOHULLOHPLNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLJ|UQWV ...................................................... 12 Resim 6: 0LNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLVHOOR]OLILJ|UQWV ................................................................. 13 Resim 7: 3DUoDODQPÕúJD]HWHNk÷ÕGÕSHoHWHYH\XPXUWDNDUWRQX............................................... 15 Resim 8: 3DUoDODQPÕúJD]HWHNk÷ÕGÕSHoHWHYH yumurta kartonu............................................... 15 Resim 9: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕoDPXUXQKD]ÕUODQPDDúDPDVÕQGDNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕVODWÕOPDVÕ .......................... 16 Resim 10: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕoDPXUXQKD]ÕUODQPDDúDPDVÕQGDNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕVODWÕOPDVÕ .........................16 Resim 11: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕoDPXUXQKD]ÕUODQPDDúDPDVÕQGDNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕVODWÕOPDVÕ ....................... 16 Resim 12: 3DUoDODQDQSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ............. 17 Resim 13: 3DUoDODQDQSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ............. 17 Resim 14: 3DUoDODQDQJD]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ............. 17 Resim 15: 3DUoDODQDQJD]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ............. 17 Resim 16: 3DUoDODQDQ\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ........ 18 Resim 17: 3DUoDODQDQ\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕQÕQVÕFDNVXLOHÕVODWÕOÕSPDWNDSODNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ....... 18 Resim 18: /DSDKDOLQHJHWLULOHQNk÷ÕWODUÕQLULJ|]HQHNOLHOHNWHQJHoLULOPHVL ............................. 18 Resim 19: *D]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕYHúDPRWoDPXUXQXQNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ................................................. 20 Resim 20: *D]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕYHúDPRWoDPXUXQXQNDUÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ................................................. 20 Resim 21: *D]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕYHúDPRWOXoDPXUXQNDUÕúWÕUÕOGÕNWDQVRQUDDOoÕSODND\D\ÕOPDVÕ ..... 20 Resim 22: *D]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕYHúDPRWOXoDPXUXQNDUÕúWÕUÕOGÕNWDQVRQUDDOoÕSODND\D\ÕOPDVÕ ..... 20 Resim 23: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQDOoÕSODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOGLNWHQ\R÷UXOPDVÕ ..... 20. iii.

(9) Resim 24: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQDOoÕ SODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOGLNWHQ\R÷UXOPDVÕ ..... 20 Resim 25: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNEQ\HOHULQVXHPPHGHQH\LLoLQVDDWVXGD bekletilmesi .... 25 Resim 26: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNEQ\HOHULQVXHPPHGHQH\LLoLQVDDWVXGDEHNOHWLOPHVL .... 25 Resim 27: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕDNoLQLEQ\HOHU ..................................................................................... 26 Resim 28: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕSRUVHOHQEQ\HOHU ................................................................................. 29 Resim 29: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕúDPRWEQ\HOHU ..................................................................................... 32 Resim 30: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕNÕUPÕ]ÕoDPXUOXEQ\HOHU ..................................................................... 35 Resim 31: dLPGLN\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPH ............................................................................. 38 Resim 32: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHILWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ .............. 39 Resim 33: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHILWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ .............. 39 Resim 34: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHILWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ .............. 39 Resim 35: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHILWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ .............. 39 Resim 36: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHILWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUP ..................... 40 Resim 37: +D]ÕUODQDQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQLQFHOHYKDKD]ÕUODQPDVÕ ...................... 41 Resim 38: +D]ÕUODQDQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQLQFHOHYKDKD]ÕUODQPDVÕ ...................... 41 Resim 39: $OoÕSODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOLS\R÷UXODQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLN .................................. 42 Resim 40: $OoÕSODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOLS\R÷UXODQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLN .................................. 42 Resim 41: $OoÕSODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOLS\R÷UXODQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLN .................................. 42 Resim 42: $OoÕSODND]HULQGHEHNOHWLOLS\R÷UXODQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLN .................................. 42 Resim 43: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHDNÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPH .......................... 44 Resim 44: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHDNÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLUPH.......................... 44 Resim 45: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXYHDNÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUP ................ 44 Resim 46: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXLOHNDOÕSLoLQHXoXúDQNHOHEHNOHUOH ............................. 45 Resim 47: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕoDPXUYHERúG|NP\|QWHPL\OHúHNLOOHQGLULOPHVL .............................. 46. iv.

(10) Resim 48: <Dú± \Dú\Dú± NXUXEQ\HOHULQELUELULQHHNOHQPHVL .............................................. 47 Resim 49: <Dú± \Dú\Dú± NXUXEQ\HOHULQELUELULQHHNOHQPHVL ............................................. 47 Resim 50: 3LúPLú± \DúSLúPLú± NXUXEQ\HOHULQELUELULQHHNOHQPHVL ................................... 47 Resim 51: Graham Hay, Earthenware Seramik ve Terracota Paperclay .................................... 53 Resim 52: Graham Hay, Paperclay Heykel ................................................................................ 54 Resim 53: Graham Hay, Paperclay Heykel ................................................................................ 55 Resim 54: LorUDLQH)HUQLH.ÕUPÕ]Õ.ROøVLPOL+H\NHO3RUVHOHQ3DSHUFOD\$NULOLN%R\DOÕ .... 56 Resim 55: Susan Halls, Earthenware paperclay. ........................................................................ 57 Resim 56: 6XVDQ+DOOVøON3DSHUFOD\ dDOÕúPDVÕ6WRQHZDUH3DSHUFOD\ .................................... 57 Resim 57: /LQGD0$8,QQHU&LW\dHOLNNRQVWUNVL\RQ]HULQHSDSHUFOD\ ............................ 58 Resim 58: $QJHOD0HOORU2N\DQXV,úÕ÷ÕNHPLNSRUVHOHQSDSHUFOD\G|NP ............................ 59 Resim 59: $QJHOD0HORU2N\DQXV,úÕ÷ÕNHPLNSRUVHOHQSDSHUFOD\G|NP ............................. 59 Resim 60: Brian Gartside, Convave, Paperclay ......................................................................... 60 Resim 61: Brian Gartside, raku, Paperclay ................................................................................ 60 Resim 62: =RH+DOO6ÕNÕúWÕUÕOPÕúIRUPWHUUDFRWDSDSHUFOD\ ...................................................... 61 Resim 63: =RH+DOO6ÕNÕúWÕUÕOPÕúIRUPUHQNOHQGLULOPLúSRUVHOHQSDSHUFOD\ ............................. 61 Resim 64: Roy AshmoUH6DPDQYH3DSHUFOD\NDUÕúÕPÕ ............................................................ 62 Resim 65: Lizzie Rice, PorseleQ3DSHUFOD\HOOHúHNLOOHQGLUPH ................................................. 63 Resim 66: øS\XPDNODUÕ .............................................................................................................. 64 Resim 67: ùHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL .................................................. 65 Resim 68: ùHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL .................................................. 65 Resim 69: ùHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL .................................................. 66 Resim 70: ùHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL .................................................. 66 Resim 71: 5]JkUJOOHULQLQ\DSÕPDúDPDODUÕQGDQJ|UQWOHU ................................................... 67. v.

(11) Resim 72: 5]JkUJOOHULQLQ\DSÕPDúDPDODUÕQGDQJ|UQWOHU ................................................... 67 Resim 73: 5]JkUJOOHULQLQ\DSÕPDúDPDODUÕQGDQJ|UQWOHU ................................................... 67 Resim 74: 5]JkUJOOHULQLQ\DSÕPDúDPDODUÕQGDQJ|UQWOHU ................................................... 67 Resim 75: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕSRUVHOHQoDPXULOHX\JXODQDQU]JkUJOELoLPOLIRUPODU .................. 68 Resim 76: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕSRUVHOHQoDPXULOHX\JXODQDQU]JDUJOELoLPOLIRUPODU .................. 68 Resim 77: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ........................................ 69 Resim 78: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ........................................ 69 Resim 79: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\ODUÕ ............................................ 70 Resim 80: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\ODUÕ ........................................... 70 Resim 81: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\ODUÕ ............................................ 70 Resim 82: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕU]JkUJOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\ODUÕ ............................................ 70 Resim 83: )LWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUP ........................................................................ 71 Resim 84: )LWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUP ........................................................................ 71 Resim 85: )LWLO\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUP ........................................................................ 72 Resim 86: )RUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\Õ [[FP

(12) ...................................................... 73 Resim 87: )RUPXQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQGHWD\Õ [[FP

(13) ..................................................... 73 Resim 88: )RUPXQXQDUND\]H\LQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ............................................. 74 Resim 89: )RUPXQXQDUND\]H\LQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ............................................. 74 Resim 90: )RUPXQDUND\]H\LQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ................................................. 74 Resim 91: )RUPXQDUND\]H\LQLQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHUL ................................................. 74 Resim 92: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXULOHROXúWXUXODQWRSDoODUÕQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHU .. 75 Resim 93: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕDNoLQLoDPXUXLOHROXúWXUXODQWRSDoODUÕQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHU ... 76 Resim 94: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕDNoLQLoDPXUXLOHROXúWXUXODQWRSDoODUÕQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHU ... 76 Resim 95: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕDNoLQLoDPXUOXVÕUDWOÕ\|QWHPLLOHUHQNOHQGLULOHQWRSDoODU .................. 77. vi.

(14) Resim 96: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕDNoLQLoDPXUOXVÕUDWOÕ\|QWHPLLOHUHQNOHQGLULOHQWRSDoODU .................. 77 Resim 97: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNILOOHULQIDUNOÕDoÕODUGDQJ|UQWOHU .......................................... 78 Resim 98: 6DJDU\|QWHPLLOHUHQNOHQGLULOHQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNILOOHULQJ|UQWOHUL .............. 79 Resim 99: 6DJDU\|QWHPLLOHUHQNOHQGLULOHQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNILOOHULQJ|UQWOHUL .............. 79 Resim 100: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ . 80 Resim 101: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPXQúHNLOOHQGLUPHDúDPDODUÕ . 80 Resim 102: $NÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPODU ............................................................. 81 Resim 103: $NÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPODU ............................................................. 81 Resim 104: $NÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPODU ............................................................. 81 Resim 105: $NÕWPD\|QWHPLLOHúHNLOOHQGLULOHQIRUPODU ............................................................. 81. vii.

(15) 7$%/2/ø67(6ø Tablo 1: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕVÕ]DNoLQLoDPXUXLOHROXúWXUXODQX\JXODQDQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ .... 27 Tablo 2: $NoLQLoDPXUXYHJD]HWHNk÷ÕGÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ................ 27 Tablo 3: $NoLQLoDPXUXYH\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕLOHX\JXODQDQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ .......... 28 Tablo 4: $NoLQLoDPXUXYHSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ .............. 28 Tablo 5: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕVÕ]SRUVHOHQoDPXUXLOHROXúWXUXODQEQ\HOHUHVRQXoODUÕ ............... 30 Tablo 6: PoUVHOHQoDPXUXYHJD]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ........... 30 Tablo 7: 3RUVHOHQoDPXUXYH\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWVRQXoODUÕ ............. 31 Tablo 8: 3RUVHOHQoDPXUXYHSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ........... 31 Tablo 9: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕVÕ]úDPRWoDPXULOHROXúWXUXODQEQ\HOHUHVRQXoODUÕ ..................... 33 Tablo 10: ùDPRWoDPXUXYHJD]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ............ 33 Tablo 11: ùDPRWoDPXUXYH\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWVRQXoODUÕ .............. 34 Tablo 12: ùDPRWoDPXUXYHSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ............ 34 Tablo 13: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕVÕ]NÕUPÕ]ÕoDPXULOHROXúWXUXODQEQ\HOHUHVRQXoODUÕ ................. 36 Tablo 14: .ÕUPÕ]ÕoDPXUYHJD]HWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ............ 36 Tablo 15: .ÕUPÕ]ÕoDPXUYH\XPXUWDNDUWRQODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQWHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ....... 37 Tablo 16: .ÕUPÕ]ÕoDPXUYHSHoHWHNk÷ÕWODUÕLOHROXúWXUXODQ WHVWOHULQVRQXoODUÕ ............ 37 Tablo 17: .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕSRUVHOHQEQ\HOHULQKHUGXUXPGDVRQXoODU ............................... 48. viii.

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(18) Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences. Abstract of Master Thesis. Title of the Thesis: The Analyze of the Paper Mixed Ceramic Bodies and Ceramic Applications Author. : 3ÕQDU$d$5. Supervisor. Date. : 08 June 2011. Nu. of pages : x (front part) + 86(thesis). Department : Ceramic. Science. : Assist. Prof. %XNHW$&$57h5.. : Ceramic. ,QWKLVWKHVLVZKLFKLVXQGHUWKHWLWOHRI³the analyze of the paper mixed ceramic bodies and FHUDPLF DSSOLFDWLRQV´ FHUDPLF PXG PL[HG SDSHU LV DQDO\]HG :LWK Whe performed applications, the availability of the material and its advantages and disadvantages over the traditional ceramic mud is analyzed. When the development process of the ceramic is analyzed, throughout history, a lot of organic material such as plant fiber, fabric pieces, straw and grass have been added to the material of clay, thus all designs difficult to be formed have been easily made threedimensional and the strength of the mud is tried to be increased. The artists have looked for different solutions against the problems that they are faced with because of the material which they use during shaping. Paper mixed ceramic mud which is consisted of the paper mixed with traditional ceramic mud in our day has brought extra positive features to the clay and has increased the strength of the clay. In the paper mixed ceramic mud, the paper, which is mixed with the clay, reticulates the mud with the cellulose fibers. The cellulose fibers surrounding the ceramic mud increases the strength of the mud and so it minimizes the deformations such as cracking, flexion, distortion and bending. In the paper mixed ceramic bodies, no cracking has been observed while they are transferring from somewhere to another place in the case that they are wet or dry. No cracking has been observed while firing because of the effects of cellulose fibers, in the sculpture works, that are studied while their insides are filled. In all cases it makes the bodies addable to each other and they can be easily used even while repairing and restoration of the paper unmixed bodies. Paper mixed ceramic mud has the edge on normal mud about making extraordinary thin bodies, making large wall panels, making lighting elements which are thin and have the feature of light-transmitting indoors. The performed applications following the searches within the scope of the thesis have been brought about as a result of mixing the paper mush with ceramic mud with the percentages that are accordant with the shaped form. The forms, whose shaping is difficult with the traditional ceramic mud, are easily applied. Paper mixed ceramic mud could be used thin like a paper, even the thin forms that can be made only paper have been easily applied with this mud. While shaping any negativeness like tearing, breakagHDQGFUDFNLQJKDVQ¶WEHHQ observed. It has been observed that the body lightens much more as a result of the burning of the papers in mud after the firing. By using paper mixed ceramic mud, the mud quantity is economized maximum. Paper mixed ceramic muGLVSUHIHUUHGIUHTXHQWO\E\WRGD\¶VDUWLVWVVLQFHLWLVDPDWHULDOWKDW enables artists to create their unique designs without any problem. Keywords: Clay, Paper, Material. x.

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(27) YHULUNHQ |÷UHQFLOHULQ ER\D NDUÕúWÕUÕFÕVÕ NXOODQDUDN HO \DSÕPÕ Nk÷ÕW \DSPDODUÕQÕ J|]OHPOL\RUGX EX RQD IÕUÕQ UDIODUÕQÕ NRUXPDN LoLQ HOHNWULN PDO]HPHVL UHWLFLOHULQLQ NXOODQGÕ÷Õ ÕVÕ\D GD\DQÕNOÕ LQFH Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN oDPXU LOH \DSÕOPÕú OHYKDODUÕ KDWÕUODWWÕ .XVQLN VHUDPLN oDPXUX LoLQH Nk÷ÕW KDPXUX NDWPD GHQHPHOHULQH OHUGH EDúODGÕ%H\D]OÕ÷ÕQGDQYHÕúÕ÷Õ\DUÕJHoLUJHQOL÷LQGHQGROD\ÕNHPLNSRUVHOHQNXOODQGÕ%X NHPLN SRUVHOHQOL Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN oDPXUX LOH KD]ÕUODQDQ EQ\HOHUOH oDWODPDGDQ \DPXOPDGDQ YH ÕVÕ\D GD\DQÕNOÕ oRN LQFH OHYKDODU UHWWL 7HPPX] GH øONWHQ3RUVHOHQH 6HUJLVLQGH 3HUWK .OWU 0HUNH]L $OH[DQGHU .WSKDQHVL YH ELUNDo \HUGH GDKDLNLLúLQLVHUJLOHGL:LOGIORZHUVYH6EXUELDDGOÕLúOHULQFHOHYKDODU]HULQHND]ÕQPÕú YH oHúLWOL RNVLWOHUOH UHQNOHQGLULOPLúWL .ÕVD ELU VUH VRQUD .XVQLN $÷XVWRV GH 3DSHUFOD\\DQLNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNWHNQLNOHUL]HULQH%DWÕ$YXVWUDO\D6HUDPLNdDOÕúPD *XUXEX$W|O\HVLQGHELUJ|VWHUL\DSWÕ3.'' ''$YXVWUDO\D¶GD Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN EQ\HOHU -DURPLU 0LNH) Kusnik tarafÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOPLú YH WDQÕWÕOPÕúWÕU 6HUDPLN NLP\DVÕ H÷LWLPL DODQ .XVQLN ¶OHULQ EDúÕQGD Nk÷ÕW SUHVLQLQ LoLQH NLO NR\DUDN LON GHQHPHOHULQL \DSPÕú YH Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ EQ\H NXOODQÕPÕQD |QFON HWPLúWLU <ÕOODU LoLQGH .XVQLN SHN oRN |÷UHQFL\H YH SURIHV\Rnel VHUDPLNoL\HNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕEQ\HWHNQLNOHUL|÷UHWPHVLQHUD÷PHQVRQ]DPDQODUDNDGDUEX NDUÕúÕPÕQ JHUoHNGH÷HUL YHNXOODQÕPDODQÕDQODúÕODPDPÕúWÕU$QFDNEDWÕ$YXVWUDO\D¶GD 3HUWK¶GHNL(GLWK&RZDQhQLYHUVLWHVL|÷UHQFLOHULQH|÷UHWLQFHPDO]HPH*UDKDP+D\-ill +RGVRQ YH 3HQ\ /LQGVD\

(28) .LQJ WDUDIÕQGDQ NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU ¶GHQ EHUL*UDKDP +D\ ND÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN EQ\HOHU ]HULQGH X]PDQODúPÕúWÕU4.'' .XVQLN¶LQ |÷UHncilerinden RODQ *UDKDP +D\ Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN oDPXUXQX LQFH GHWD\ JHUHNWLUHQ YH E\N heykeOoDOÕúPDODUÕQGDVÕNoDNXOODQPÕúYHNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXKDNNÕQGDGHWD\OÕ DUDúWÕUPDODU\DSPÕúWÕU'HQH\LPOHULQLSD\ODúDELOPHNLoLQNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUODU KDNNÕQGDNDSVDPOÕNLWDSODUYHPDNDOHOHU\D]PÕúWÕU. )UDQVD QÕQ 6HYU úHKULQGH -HDQ-PieUUH %HUDQJHU \DUÕ VD\GDP Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ seramik oDPXUXQX GDKD VRQUD NDWODQDELOHFHN ENOHELOHFHN YH\D ]HULQH \D]ÕODELOHFHN Nk÷ÕW OHYKDODU KDOLQH JHWLUPH\L EDúDUGÕ GH NXOODQGÕ÷Õ PHWRW Nk÷ÕW \DSÕP VUHFLQH ROGXNoD EHQ]HUGL Jean-Pierre Beranger, .k÷ÕW |]QQ YH SRUVHOHQ oDPXUXQXQ KDFLP .g6(/(5, Temel Ali (2004), 3DSHUFOD\ .k÷ÕW .DWNÕOÕ 6HUDPLN %Q\HOHU 'RNX] (\OO hQLYHUVLWHVL <D\ÕPODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV Tezi, s.3 4 g='(0ø5'LOHN$ONDQ (2006), .k÷ÕW.DWNÕOÕ6HUDPLN%Q\HOHUYH8\JXODPDODUÕ $QDGROXhQLYHUsitesi YD\ÕQODUÕ(VNLúHKLU s.20 3. 7.

(29) ND\EHWPH |]HOOLNOHULQLQ ELUELUOHULQH oRN EHQ]HGL÷LQL IDUN HWPLúWLr YH Nk÷ÕW SRUVHOHQ OHYKDODUÕ LúOHPH\H YH IÕUÕQGD \DUÕ-VD\GDP ROPD\D HOYHULúOL ROGX÷XQX EXOPXúWXr .k÷ÕW |]QQ SLúLULP VRQUDVÕ EÕUDNWÕ÷Õ NOQ L]OHULQLQ SRUVHOHQGH KDILI ELU UHQN GH÷LúLPLQH VHEHSROGX÷XQXUDSRUHWPLúWLU5'' \ÕOODUÕQGDQEX \DQDNk÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXULOHoDOÕúDQVDQDWoÕVD\ÕVÕJLWWLNoH DUWPÕúWÕU *QP]GH ELUoRN ONHGH NXOODQÕODQ Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN ONHPL]GH GH ELUoRNVDQDWoÕWDUDIÕQGDQNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU0DUPDUDhQLYHUVLWHVLQGHJ|UHY\DSPÕúRODQ *QJ|U*QHUEXVDQDWoÕODUÕQVD\ÕOPDNWDGÕU .k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕVHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQoÕNÕúÕKDNNÕQGDNHVLQELUWDULKLGLOHJHWLUPHNPPNQ olmamakla birlikte son on- RQ EHú \ÕO LoHULVLQGH \D\JÕQODúDQ |QHPOL ELU VHUDPLN malzemesi ROPXúWXU6HUDPLNVDQDWoÕODUÕQÕQVÕQÕUVÕ]KD\DOJoOHULQHVDKLSWDVDUÕPODUÕQÕ JHUoHNOHúWLUPH DúDPDVÕQGD NXOODQGÕNODUÕ PDO]HPHGHQ ND\QDNODQDFDN VRUXQODUÕ PLQLPXPD LQGLUHELOPHOHUL YH RQODUD WHNQLN RODUDN NROD\OÕN VD÷ODPDVÕ DoÕVÕQGDQ Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN oDPXU VDQDWoÕODU LoLQ YD]JHoLOPH] ELU PDO]HPH ROPD |]HOOL÷LQH VDKLS ROPXúWXU *QP]GH Nk÷ÕW NDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN oDPXUXQXQ WLFDUL RODUDN UHWLPL ELUoRN ONHGH\DSÕOPDNWDGÕU 6HUDPLNdDPXUXQXQ<DSÕVDOg]HOOL÷L Kilin su ilHNDUÕúWÕUÕOÕS\R÷UXOPDVÕYHúHNLOOHQGLULOGLNWHQVRQUDSLúLULOPHVLVRQXFXROXúDQ \DSÕ\DVHUDPLNEQ\HGHQLU6HUDPLNoDPXUX|]OYH|]V]KDPPDGGHOHUOHROXúWXUXOXU. g]O VHUDPLN KDPPDGGHOHUL VX LOH \R÷UXODELOHQ GD÷ÕOPDGDQ NROD\OÕNOD úHNLOOHQGLULOHELOHQ NXUXGXNODUÕ ]DPDQ YHULOHQ úHNOL PXKDID]D HGHQ KDPPDGGHOHUGLU g]V] VHUDPLN KDPPDGGHOHU oRN LQFH |÷WOHELOVHOHU ELOH VX LOH NROD\FD úHNOLQL ND\EHGLSGD÷ÕODQPDGGHOHUL|]V]VHUDPLNKDPPDGGHOHURODUDNWDQÕPOD\DELOLUL]6.''. 5. GAULT, a.g.e. s.12 ARCASOY$WHú

(30) 6HUDPLN7HNQRORMLVL 0DUPDUD hQLYHUVLWHVL *]HO 6DQDWODU )DNOWHVL<D\ÕQÕ, øVWDQEXOV8 6. 8.

(31) Resim 20LNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLOSDUWLNOOHULQLQJ|UQP. (Kaynak: GAULT, Rosette (1988), Paperclay For Ceramic Sculptors, Clear Light Books, Seatle, s.81). 6HUDPLNoDPXUODUÕIDUNOÕFR÷UDILNE|OJHOHUGHEXOXQDQND\DoODUGDQHOGHHGLOLUOHU+HUELU VHUDPLNoDPXUXQXQIL]LNVHOYHNLP\DVDO\DSÕODUÕELUELUOHULQGHQIDUNOÕGÕU. .LO SDUWLNOOHUL GR÷DGD EXOXQDQ HQ NoN SDUWLNOOHU DUDVÕQGDGÕU .DROLQ SDUWLNOOHUL PLNURQLOHPLNURQYHVWER\XWODUGD|OoOPúWU2UWDODPDER\XWLVHLOH PLNURQDUDVÕQGDGÕU6HUDPLNoLOHUJ|]OHUL\OHROPD]VDELOHGRNXQDUDNKLVOHUL\DUGÕPÕ\OD NDROLQ \D GD LQFH VHUDPLN NLOL JLEL HQ NoN YH HQ G] SDUWLNOOHUOH GDKD NDED RODQ úDPRW oDPXUX YH VHUDPLN SDUWLNOOHUL D\ÕUW HGHUOHU 3DUWLNO ER\XWX YH úHNOL LúOHPH YH IÕUÕQODPD |]HOOLNOHULQGH IDUNOÕOÕN ROXúWXUXU *QP]GH PHYFXW ELUoRN KD]ÕU oDPXU IDUNOÕPLNWDUODUGDoRNoHúLWOLER\XWYHúHNLOOHUHVDKLSSDUWLNOOHULoHULUOHU7.'' 6HUDPLN oDPXUODUÕ PLNURVNRS DOWÕQGD LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH NLO WDQHFLNOHULQLQ oHYUHOHULQLQ VX LOH NDSOÕ ROGX÷X J|UOU .XUXPD VÕUDVÕQGD, NLO WDQHFLNOHULQLQ HWUDIÕQGDNL VX XoDU EXKDUODúÕU NLO WDQHFLNOHUL GH ELUELULQH \DNODúÕS VÕNÕúÕUODU YH SHNLúPLú KDOH JHOLUOHU .XUXWPD LúOHPL ELU VUHo JHUHNWLULU %Q\HQLQ SODVWLN ROPDVÕQD QHGHQ RODQ VX\XQ EQ\H\L EXKDUODúDUDN WHUN HWPesi sonucunda kurutma YH EQ\HQLQ NoOPH VUHFL JHUoHNOHúLUdDPXUXQLoHULVLQGHoHúLW\R÷UXOPDVX\XEXOXQXU%XQODUSRUVX\X\]H\ VX\XYHHPPHVX\XGXU. <]H\VX\XNLOWDQHFLNOHULQLQ\]H\OHULQLILOPúHNOLQGHVDUDQ 7. GAULT, Rosette (1988), Paperclay For Ceramic Sculptors, Clear Light Books, Seatle, s.17. 9.

(32) VXGXU 3RU VX\X EX WDQÕPODPDGDQ WDQHFLNOHULQ DUDVÕQGD EXOXQDQ VX DQODúÕOÕU dDPXUGDNL VX\XQ E\N ELU NÕVPÕQÕ ROXúWXUXU (PPH VX\X NLO WDQHFLNOHULQLQ \]H\LQGHQ LoLQH HPLOPH \ROX LOH JLUHQ VXGXU %|\OHOLNOH EX VX VHUDPLN oDPXUXQXQ SODVWLNOL÷LQGH V|] VDKLEL ROXU .XUXWPD VÕUDVÕQGD oDPXUGDQ HQ JHo D\UÕODQ VXGXU8.'' .XUXWPD RUWDPÕQÕQ JHUH÷LQGHQ ID]OD VÕFDN ROPDVÕ \D GD EQ\HQLQ DQL VÕFDNOÕNOD NDUúÕ NDUúÕ\D NDOPDVÕ VRQXFX EQ\HGH JHULOLPOHU NXUXPD oDWODNODUÕ YH GHIRUPDV\RQODU ROXúPDNWDGÕU.XUX\DQEQ\HSODVWLNOL÷LQLND\EHGHUNÕUÕOJDQELUKDO DOÕU.k÷ÕWNDWNÕOÕ VHUDPLN EQ\HOHU NXUXGXNWDQ VRQUD ROGXNoD GLUHQoOLGLUOHU .XUXWXODQ EQ\HOHULQ PXNDYHPHWLQL DUWWÕUDELOPHN LoLQ ELVNYL SLúLULPOHUL \DSÕOÕU *HOHQHNVHO VHUDPLN oDPXUODUÕQÕQ IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHUL NLP\DVDO |]HOOLNOHUL YH SLúLULP VÕFDNOÕNODUÕ ELUELUOHULQGHQIDUNOÕGÕU $NoLQL oDPXUX 3LúLULP GHUHFHVL C - 960&

(33) ¶GLU3LúLULP VRQUDVÕ UHQJL EH\D]YH NÕUÕOJDQGÕU 6X HPPH |]HOOL÷LQH VDKLSWLU .DROLQ NLO NDONWDúÕ YH NXYDUW] JLEL KDPPDGGHOHULQNDUÕúÕPÕVRQXFXROXúXU ùDPRW oDPXUX 3LúLUim derecesi (900C - 1200&

(34) GLU 3LúLULP VRQUDVÕ UHQJL JULGHQ NÕUPÕ]Õ\D EH\D]GDQ VDUÕ\D NDGDU GH÷LúLP J|VWHUHELOLU 'L÷HU JHOHQHNVHO VHUDPLN oDPXUODUÕQDRUDQODSLúLULPVRQUDVÕPXNDYHPHWLROGXNoD\NVHNWLU.LOYHúDPRWNDUÕúÕPÕ VRQXFXROXúXU3LúPHYHNoOPHRUDQÕGúNWU .ÕUPÕ]Õ oDPXU 3LúLULP GHUHFHVL C - 1180&

(35) GLU 3LúLULP VRQUDVÕ UHQJL NR\X SHPEHGHQNR\XNÕUPÕ]Õ\DGH÷LúLPJ|VWHULU.ÕUÕOJDQELU\DSÕ\DVDKLSWLU.DONOÕGHPLUOL SODVWLNNLOOHUYHNXPNDUÕúÕPÕtaneciklerden ROXúXU 3RUVHOHQ oDmuru: 3LúLULP GHUHFHVL C - 1300&

(36) GLU 3LúLULP VRQUDVÕ UHQJL EH\D]GÕU *|]HQHNVL]GLU PXNDYHPHWL \NVHNWLU SLúLULP VRQUDVÕ FDPODúÕU VX HPPH \]GHVL ROGXNoD GúNWU NÕUÕOJDQ GH÷LOGLU úHNLOOHQGLUPH YH NXUXPD VÕUDVÕQGD GHIRUPDV\RQXROGXNoD\NVHNWLU.DROLQIHOGLVSDWYHNXYDUW]NDUÕúÕPÕVRQXFXROXúXU 7PVHUDPLNoDPXUODUÕQÕQRUWDN|]HOOLNOHULKHUELULQLQSODVWLN|]HOOL÷HVDKLSROPDVÕYH úHNLOOHQGLULOGLNWHQ VRQUD YHULOHQ úHNOL NRUX\DELOPHOHULGLU +HU ELU VHUDPLN oDPXUXQXQ úHNLOOHQGLUPH|]HOOL÷LELUELULQGHQIDUNOÕGÕU+HUoDPXUVDKLSROGX÷XSLúLULPGHUHFHVLQGH SLúLULOPHOLYHVDKLSROGX÷XSODVWLN|]HOOL÷LQHJ|UHúHNLOOHQGLULOPHOLGLU 8. ARCASOY, a.g.e. s.82. 10.

(37) .k÷ÕGÕQ<DSÕVDOg]HOOL÷L øQVDQR÷OXKHU]DPDQGúQFHOHULQLDNWDUPDQÕQYHND\GHWPHQLQ\ROODUÕQÕYHEXQODUÕQDVÕO GDKD LOHUL\H J|WUHFH÷LQL DUDúWÕUPÕúWÕU $UDúWÕUPDODUÕ GR÷UXOWXVXQGD GúQFHOHULQL \DúDGÕNODUÕQÕ WHFUEHOHULQL DNWDUDELOPHN LoLQ Nk÷ÕGÕ LFDW HWPLúOHUGLU %XQODUÕQ LON |UQHNOHUL EDOPXPXQGDQ \DSÕOPÕú OHYKDODU \DSUDNODU EURQ] LSHN YH NLO WDEOHWOHUGLU 0ÕVÕUOÕODU EL]LP ELOGL÷LPL] úHNOL\OH Nk÷ÕW EHQ]HUL LON PDGGH\L EXOPXúODUGÕU 3DSLUV GHQHQELUPDGGHGRNXQDUDNKDVÕUKDOLQHJHWLULOPLúVD]NDPÕúODUÕQÕQH]LOHUHNVHUWYHVXOX vaziyette G|YOHUHN LQFH ELU VD\ID KDOLQH JHWLULOPHVL\OH ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU <DSÕOÕúÕ ve |]HOOL÷LEDNÕPÕQGDQEXJQNNk÷ÕWWDQIDUNOÕGÕU.k÷ÕGÕQDQDKDPPDGGHVLRGXQGXU%X RGXQoDPJLEL\XPXúDND÷DoODUGDQYH\DPHúHJLELVHUWD÷DoODUGDQHlde edilebilir. Resim 3 - 4: %LWNLN|NHQOLVHOOR]\DSÕQÕQPLNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLJ|UQWV. (Kaynak: GAULT, Rosette(1988), Paperclay For Ceramic Sculptors, Clear Light Boks, Seatle, s.79). .k÷ÕGÕQ DVÕO KDPPDGGHVL VHOOR]GXU 6HOOR] VRQ GHUHFH NÕ\PHWOL ELU PDGGH ROXS ND\QD÷ÕD÷DoODUYHIDUNOÕ ELWNLWUOHULGLU6HOOR]WSOHULGÕúDUÕGDQJHOHELOHFHNGDUEHOHUH JHULOPHOHUH DúÕQGÕUPDODUD NDUúÕ ROGXNoD GLUHQoOLGLU 6HOOR] PLNURVNRS DOWÕQGD LQFHOHQGL÷LQGHW\OELUJ|UQPHVDKLSROGX÷XJ|UOU6HOOR]KHPHQKHPHQEWQ bitkilerde bulunan bir maddedir, biWNLKFUHOHULQLQoHSHUOHULQGHEXOXQXU%XQODUD|UQHN verecek olursak, VDPDQNDPÕúNHQGLUNHQHYLUWWQYHD\oLoH÷LJLELELWNLOHULQVDSODUÕ VD\ÕODELOLU %LWNLOHUH HVQHNOL÷LQL \XPXúDNOÕ÷ÕQÕ YHUHQ \DSÕODUÕQGDNL VHOOR]GXU 6HOOR], lifli bir maddedir, EXOLIOHUNoNERUXFXNODUúHNOLQGHGLUYHLoLQGHVXWDúÕ\DELOLUOHU. 11.

(38) Resim 5)LEHUOHUWUOHULLOHPLNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLJ|UQWV. (Kaynak: GAULT, Rosette (1988), Paperclay For Ceramic Sculptors, Clear Light Books, Seatle, s.78 ). ' +HUELUVHOOR]WSQQPROHNOHU\DSÕVÕNDUPDúÕNYHJoOELUVDUPDORODUDNJ|UOU 2\XNPHUNH]LHWUDIÕQGDNLNDUERQYHKLGURMHQVSLUDOLQLQ]LQFLU|UQHNOHULQHOPHQGHQLU .k÷ÕW WDULIOHULQGH LNL IDUNOÕ VHOOR] J|UOU WDPVHOOR] &+

(39) YH \DUÕ VHOOR] (C12 +

(40) <DUÕVHOOR]VDIVHOOR]XQKHPHQKHPHQLNLNDWÕER\XWXQGDYHNDUPDúÕNOÕ÷ÕQGD ELUELOHúLNWLU6HOOR]KLGURIORULN WLUVXHPHU+HUVHOOR]WSQQGÕúNÕVPÕQGDNLDVWDU ELWNLQLQ WUQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN NDOÕQ \D GD LQFH ELU OLJQLQ RODELOLU /LJQLQ Kidrofobik(su VHYPH]

(41) \DGDVXJHoLUPH]ELUELOHúLNJLELGDYUDQÕU/LJQLQELOHúLN \DSÕODUÕELWNL\DGD D÷Do E\GNoH DUWDQ oHúLWOL PLNWDUODUGD PLQHUDOOHU LoHULU 0LQHUDOOHU VX\XQ WRSUDNWDQ HPLOLPL\ROX\ODELWNLQLQE\PHVLQH\DUGÕPFÕROXU$÷DoRGXQXYHNDEXNVHOOR]XoRN GDKD ID]OD PLQHUDO LoHULU YH EXQD ED÷OÕ RODUDN NHQGLUGHQ GDKD ID]OD OLJQLQ LoHULU 2GXQ|]QRUPDORODUDN-OLJQLQLoHULUNHQSDPXNWDQHOGHHGLOHQVHOOR]GDOLJQLQ RUDQÕ\DNODúÕNFLYDUÕQGDGÕU9.''. 9. GAULT, Rosette (2005), Paper Clay (Ceramics Handbooks), Second Edition, Hiladelphia,s.26. 12.

(42) Resim 6: 0LNURVNRSDOWÕQGDNLVHOOR]OLILJ|UQWV. (Kaynak: GAULT, Rosette (1988), Paperclay For Ceramic Sculptors, Clear Light Books, Seatle, s.78). .k÷ÕW \DSÕPÕ LoLQ EX KDPPDGGHOHULQ KDPXU KDOLQH JHWLULOPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU %X KDPPDGGHOHU oHúLWOL PDNLQHOHU \DUGÕPÕ\OD oRN NoN SDUoDODUD D\UÕOÕUODU \DQL VHOOR] OLIOHULQHD\UÕOÕUODU%XVHOOR]OLIOHULQLQVWVWHGL]LOHUHNVÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕVRQXFXQGDNk÷ÕW ROXúWXUXOXU +D\DWÕPÕ]ÕQYD]JHoLOPH]ELUSDUoDVÕRODQNk÷ÕW\DVVÕODúWÕUÕOPÕúYHELUELULQHJHoPLúELWNL lifleriQGHQ ROXúXU .k÷ÕW \DSÕPÕ ELU ELWNL\L OLIOHULQH LQGLUJHPH YH RQODUÕ D\QÕ KL]D\D JHWLUGLNWHQVRQUD\DSÕúWÕUÕFÕSLJPHQWYHPLQHUDOGROJXODUODNDSODPD\ÕLoHULU*QP] GQ\DVÕQGD Nk÷ÕWHQEDúWDJHOHQVDQD\LPDPXOOHULQGHQELULGLUYHJQONKD\DWWDHQoRN iKWL\DoGX\XODQPDGGHOHUGHQELULGLU. 13.