Juliette grange

187

Littera

Juliette grange

ROuSSEAu, LA PHILOSOPHIE FRAnÇAISE Du XVIII

ET XIX

SIèCLES, ET L’InVEnTIOn DES ETATS nATIOnS Au XIX

SIèCLE.

L’EXEMPLE DE LA TuRquIE D’ATATÜRK.

SUMMARY

Rousseau, French Philosophy of XVII and XIX^th Centuries, and the Nations in the XIX^th century. The exemple of Atatüuk’Tukey.

The purpose of the article is to explore the birth of nationalities in Mediterranean area ac- cording to the reference to the French enlightment philosophy and specially Rousseau thinking in Le Contrat Social.

In second part of the xix^e century, the “Jeunes Turcs” movement as been influenced by French thinking. The political tracts in French represented for them a more fruitful approach to reform.

The place of M. Kemal was decisive in that way. He red Rousseau very carefully and know Comte’s thinking. His project for a Turkish nation passes by the constitution of a national imagi- nation and a reform of the lifestyles thanks to the education. He wants to create both a nation and a people.

Keywords: Rousseau, Mustafa Kemal, nationalism, modernisation, Young Turks, Positiv- ism, French Philosophy XVIII-XIXth Centuries

Mots clefs : Rousseau, Mustapha Kemal, Nationalisme, Modernisation, Jeunes Turcs, Positivisme, Philosophie française ^xviiie-^xixe siècles

* Professeur de philosophie à l’Université de Nancy-2