Ali et-Tantavi ve dile ve edebiyata dair görüşleri

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(3) BEYAN Bu tezin. yazÕOmasÕQGD bilimsel ahlkk kurallarÕna uyuldu÷unu, baúkalarÕQÕQ. eserlerinden yararlanÕOmasÕ durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atÕIWD bulunuldu÷unu, kullanÕlan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifkt yapÕOmDGÕ÷ÕQÕ tezin herhangi bir NÕVmÕQÕn EX Qiversite veya baúka bir Qiversitedeki bDúka bir tez oalÕúmasÕ olarak sunulmadÕ÷ÕnÕbeyan ederim.. =HKUDg=/ø 18.07.2014.

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(8) <ksek Lisans Tez gzeti. S$h Sosyal Bilimler EnstitV. Tezin BaúlÕ÷Õ: Ali et-7DQWkYvYH'LOHYH(GHEL\DWD'DLU*|UúOHUL Tezin YazarÕ: =HKUDg=/ø. DanÕúman: Yrd. 'Ro Dr. +DP]D(50øù. Kabul Tarihi: 18.07.2014. Sayfa SayÕsÕ: v (|Q kÕsÕm) + 118 (tez). AnabilimdalÕ: 7HPHOøVODP%LOLPOHUL BilimdalÕ: 7HPHOøVODP%LOLPOHUL Giriú ve iki b|lmden oluúan bu oalÕúma 1909-1999 yÕllarÕ arasÕnda yaúamÕú Suriyeli yazar Ali et-Tantkvv¶nin hayatÕnÕ, dile ve edebiyata dair g|rúlerini ele almaktadÕr. Bu oalÕúmanÕn hedefi; yazarÕn hayatÕ, yaúadÕ÷Õ ortam ve kiúili÷i hakkÕnda bilgi verdikten sonra et-Tantkvv¶nin edebv makale ve yazÕlarÕndan yola oÕkarak yazara g|re ³EdebiyatÕn kayna÷Õ, tanÕmÕ, amacÕ nedir?´, ³E÷itimin tanÕmÕ ve amacÕ nedir?´, ³etTantkvv dil ile ilgili neler s|ylemektedir?´ gibi sorularÕ yanÕtlamaktÕr. gmrnn byk bir kÕsmÕnÕ Suriye¶de geoiren et-Tantkvv lkesinin farklÕ yerlerinde; k|y okullarÕ, ilkokul, lise ve niversite dkhil olmak zere e÷itimin pek ook aúamasÕnda |÷retmenlik yapmÕútÕr. Bu tecrbeler onun; e÷itim sistemi, Arapoa derslerinin muhtevasÕ ve metodu gibi konularda eleútirel bir bakÕú aoÕsÕna sahip olmasÕnÕ sa÷lamÕútÕr. EdebiyatÕn toplumun hizmetine amade olmasÕ gerekti÷ini savunan et-Tantkvv eserlerini bu amao ioin yazmÕútÕr. Toplumu bilinolendirmek ve topluma iyi ahlkkÕ |÷retmek onun en |nemli amacÕdÕr. Bu amacÕ kendine ilke edinen edebiyatoÕlarÕn okunmasÕnÕ tavsiye ederken, bu amaca muhalif g|rd÷ bazÕ edebiyatoÕlardan uzak durmamÕzÕ |zellikle talep eden et-Tantkvv¶nin |vd÷ ve eleútirdi÷i yazarlara da bu oalÕúmada yer verilmiútir. dok iyi bir dil e÷itimi almÕú olan Ali et-Tantkvv; fasvh ve akÕcÕ bir dil kullanmaktadÕr. Sehl-i mmteni bir slba sahiptir. YabancÕ kelimelerin dile hkkimiyetine karúÕ oÕkmaktadÕr. OkuyucularÕnÕ fasvh bir dil kullanmaya oa÷Õran et-Tantkvv fasvh kmmv kelimeleri tespit edip eserlerinde dipnot dúerek belirtmektedir. KÕsaca bu oalÕúma; Ali et-Tantkvv¶nin edebiyata ve dile dair g|rúlerini, edebv ioerikli makalelerinin a÷Õr bastÕ÷Õ yola oÕkarak, ortaya koymaktadÕr. Anahtar Kelimeler: Arapeserlerinden (GHEL\DWÕ6XUL\H$OLHW-7DQWkYv$UDSoD. iv.

(9) Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences. Abstract of Master¶VThesis. Title of the Thesis: Ali Tantawy and His Opinion on Language and Literature Author: =HKUDg=/øSupervisor: Assist. Prof. +DP]D(50øù Date: 18.07.2014. Nu. of pages: v (pre text) + 118 (main body). Department%DVLFøVODPLF6FLHQFVSubfield: %DVLFøVODPLF6FLHQFV This thesis composed of introduction and two sections discusses life of Ali Tantawy, a Syrian writer lived between 1909- 1999 and his thoughts about language and literature. The aim of this thesis is to find answers for some questions such as ³what the source of the literature, its definition and its aim is, and what the aim of education of literature is, what Tantawy say about the education of literature´ with reference of his literary works and articles. For this purpose, I firstly mentioned about his life and the panorama when he lived. Tantawy who lived most part of his life in Syria worked in various sites of his country. He taught at ever level of education including the village schools, primary schools, high schools and universities. This experience provided him to have critical thinking on system of education, the content of Arabic lessons and its methodology. Tantawy argues that literature must be at community service¶s disposition and he wrote his works for this purpose. His most important purposes are to raise awareness of public and to teach them the morality. With this in mind, while he advises people to read the author who adopts this purpose as a principle, he requests them to stay away from the contrary authors. In this thesis, I discuss the authors both he advises and don¶t. Tantawy had a great language education, and from this point he was fluent and lucent in Arabic speaking and writing. He rejected the usage of foreign vocabularies. He calles his readers to use clear language and offer this words in his books footnote. In sum, this thesis presents the thoughts of Ali Tantawy on literature and language based on his works containing mainly literary articles.. Keywords: Arabic Literature, Syria, Ali Tantawy, Arabic Language.. v.

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(23) $NDGHPLVL¶QGH \HWLúHQ WDúUD N|NHQOL VXED\ODUÕQ HWNLOL ROGX÷X G|QHP EDúODPÕúWÕU $÷XVWRV YH $UDOÕ÷ÕQGD ELULQFLVL 0XKDPPHG 6kPv +LQQkYv LNLQFLVL (GvE dLoHNOv \|QHWLPLQGH LNL DVNHUv GDUEH JHUoHNOHúPLú dLoHNOv ¶WH EDúND ELU DVNHUv GDUEH LOH J|UHYGHQX]DNODúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU13 ¶OL \ÕOODUGD $UDS PLOOL\HWoLOL÷L YH Pan-AUDEL]P LGHRORMLOHUL 0ÕVÕU YH ,UDN EDúWD ROPDN ]HUH GL÷HU $UDS ONHOHULQGH ROGX÷X JLEL 6XUL\H¶GH GH HWNLOL ROPXúWXU 6L\DVv SDUWLOHUGHQ+kOLG%HNWDú¶ÕQOLGHUOL÷LQGHNL.RPQLVW3DUWLLOH0LúHO(IOkNYH6HOkKDGGLQ el-%vWkU WDUDIÕQGDQ NXUXODQ VRV\DOLVW %DµDV 3DUWLVL JLGHUHN JoOHQPLú |]HOOLNOH %DµDV 3DUWLVL¶QLQPan-AUDELVWV|\OHPOHULONHGHHWNLOLROPXúWXU0ÕVÕUCXPKXUEDúNDQÕ&HPDO $EGQQkVÕU¶ÕQ VRV\DOLVW H÷LOLPOL SROLWLNDODU L]OHPHVL YH %DWÕ \DQOÕVÕ ,UDN¶Õ $UDS GQ\DVÕQGD HWNLVL] EÕUDNPD oDEDVÕ LNL ONH\L JLGHUHN ELUELULQH \DNÕQODúWÕUPÕúWÕU %X \DNÕQODúPD ¶GH 0ÕVÕU YH 6XUL\H¶QLQ %LUOHúLN $UDS &XPKXUL\HWL DGÕ DOWÕQGD ELUOHúPHVL\OHVRQXoODQPÕú \HQL ELUOHúLN GHYOHWLQ EDúNDQÕ&HPDO$EGQQkVÕUROPXúWXU %XLONGHQHPHQLQDUGÕQGDQEXELUOLN\ÕOÕQGD,UDNYH.X]H\<HPHQ¶LLoLQHDODUDN JHQLúOHWLOPLú DPD KHU LNL GHQHPH GH EDúDUÕVÕ]OÕNOD VRQXoODQPÕúWÕU %DµDV LGHRORjisiyle $EGQQkVÕU OLGHUOL÷LQLQ Pan-AUDEL]PL EDúDUDFD÷Õ YH GL÷HU $UDS ONHOHULQLQ GH ELUOL÷H NDWÕODFD÷Õ XPXOXUNHQ %DµDV 3DUWLVL¶QLQ NDSDWÕOPDVÕ YH ¶GH 6XUL\H¶GH JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQDVNHUvLKWLOkOQHWLFHVLQGH%LUOHúLN$UDS&XPKXUL\HWLVRQDHUPLúWLU14 øKWLOkOLQ DUGÕQGDQ \DSÕODQ VHoLPOHUGH %DµDV 3DUWLVL E\N ELU Jo ND\EÕQD X÷UDUNHQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]ODU \|QHWLPL HOH JHoLUPLú YH 1k]ÕP HO-.XGVv FXPKXUEDúNDQÕ ROPXúWXU %DµDV 3DUWLVL¶QLQ |QFON HWWL÷L Pan-AUDELVWOHU YH EXQODUÕQ HWNLVLQGH NDODQ VXED\ODU DUDVÕQGD \DúDQDQ KX]XUVX]OXNODU]HULQH¶GHoDVNHUvLKWLOkOWHúHEEV\DúDQPÕúWÕU¶WH JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQDVNHUvGDUEH\OHED÷ÕPVÕ]ODUÕQ \|QHWLPLQHVRQYHULOPLúYH%DµDV3DUWLVL LNWLGDUD JHWLULOPLúWLU %X G|QHPGH RUGXQXQ VL\DVHWWHNL HWNLVL JLGHUHN DUWPÕúWÕU %D]Õ SQQv VXED\ODU |QHPOL J|UHYOHUGH EXOXQPDNOD ELUOLNWH RUGXGD NULWLN J|UHYOHUH %DµDV H÷LOLPOL 1XVD\Uv YH 'U]v ROPDN ]HUH JD\UL 6QQv VXED\ODU JHWLULOPLúWLU gWH \DQGDQ %DµDVoÕVXED\ODUDUDVÕQGDHWQLNYHGLQvN|NHQOHUHJ|UHJUXSODúPDODUPH\GDQDJHOPLúWLU. 13. %X]SÕQDU³6XUL\H´'ø$, XXXVII, 554.. 14. %X]SÕQDU³6XUL\H´'ø$, XXXVII, 554; gPHU7XUDQ0HGHQL\HWOHULQdDWÕúWÕ÷Õ1RNWD2UWDGR÷XøVWDQEXO$FDU 0DWEDDFÕOÕNV- 348.. 11.

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(25) JHOLúWLUPH oDEDODUÕQÕ GHYDP HWWLUPLúWLU18 )DNDW VRQ \ÕOODUGD \DúDQDQ Lo VDYDú 6XUL\H VL\DVHWLQLLoLQGHQoÕNÕOPD]KDOHJHWLUPLúWir. 1.1.2 6XUL\H¶GH(NRQRPLN'XUXP $YUXSD $V\D YH $IULND NÕWDODUÕQÕQ NHVLúPH E|OJHVLQGH \HU DODQ 6XUL\H MHRSROLWLN NRQXPX GROD\ÕVÕ\OD WDULKLQ LON oD÷ODUÕQGDQ EHUL |QHPOL ELU \HUH VDKLS RODJHOPLúWLU 7LFDUHW \ROODUÕQÕQ ]HULQGH ROPDVÕ SHN oRN GLQ LoLQ GH÷HUOL RODQ NXWVDO \HUOHUH \DNÕQ ROPDVÕLNOLPLQLQVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕDYDQWDMODUMHRSROLWLN|QHPLQLQDUWPDVÕQGDHWNLOLROPXúWXU6X ND\QDNODUÕ YH WDUÕPD HOYHULúOL LNOLPL VD\HVLQGH WDUÕP YH KD\YDQFÕOÕN 6XUL\H HNRQRPLVLQLQ |QHPOL XQVXUODUÕQGDQ ELUL RODJHOPLúWLU +DONÕQ E\N E|OP \DúDPD\D X\JXQ LNOLP |]HOOLNOHULQH VDKLS RODQ YH WDUÕP DODQODUÕQÕQ \HU DOGÕ÷Õ ONHQLQ EDWÕ NHVLPLQGH WRSODQPÕúWÕU %DWÕGD GDKD oRN ]H\WLQ SDPXN YH ]P Lo NHVLPGHNL VWHS DODQODUÕQGD LVH EX÷GD\ YH DUSDQÕQ |Q SODQD oÕNWÕ÷Õ WDKÕO WUOHUL UHWLOLU 7DUÕP UQOHUL \DúDQDQLNOLPVHOGH÷LúLNOLNOHUVHEHEL\OH]DPDQODD]DOVDGD|QHPLQL\LWLUPHPLúWLU19 7LFDUHW YH WDUÕPÕQ \DQÕ VÕUD NÕOÕo \DSÕPÕ GRNXPDFÕOÕN LSHN FDPFÕOÕN VHGHI YH DKúDS R\PDFÕOÕ÷ÕJLELHOVDQDWODUÕDODQODUÕQGDQ\DSPÕúRODQùDP\|UHVLSanayi Devrimi¶nin HWNLVL\OHVÕNÕQWÕOÕG|QHPOHU \DúDPÕúWÕU,'Q\D6DYDúÕ¶QÕQGDHWNLVL\OHDUWDQ]RUOXNODU QHWLFHVLQGH \HUHO UHWLP D]DOPÕúWÕU 'DKD VRQUDNL G|QHPOHUGH ONHGH WDUÕP YH KD\YDQFÕOÕ÷D GD\DOÕ ELU JÕGD YH WHNVWLO VDQD\L LOH SHN JHOLúPHPLú NLP\D YH oLPHQWR sanayi KkNLP ROPXúWXU<HUDOWÕND\QDNODUÕEDNÕPÕQGDQIDNLURODQ6XUL\HWRSUDNODUÕQGDQ SHWURO IRVIDW GR÷DO JD] YH DVIDOWLW oÕNDUÕOÕU 3HWURO WDUÕP-KD\YDQFÕOÕN UQOHULQLQ YH IRVIDWÕQ \DQÕQGD |QHPOL LKUDo PDGGHOHULQGHQ ELULGLU 7XUL]P JHOLUOHULQLQ ND\QD÷ÕQÕ LVH WDULKvNDOÕQWÕODUODHVNLHVHUOHUYHGLQvPHUNH]OHUROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU20 1.1.3 6XUL\H¶GH6RV\DOYH.OWUHO'XUXP (VNLELUNOWUYHPHGHQL\HWPHUNH]LRODQ6XUL\HøVODP|QFHVLQGH%L]DQV¶DED÷OÕRODUDN *DVVkQvOHUWDUDIÕQGDQ\|QHWLOPLúWLU2G|QHPGH*DVVkQ.HOE7HQK7D÷OLE6HOvKJLEL. 18. %X]SÕQDU³6XUL\H´'ø$, XXXVII, 554.. 19. &HPDOHWWLQùDKLQ³6XUL\H)L]LNvYH%HúHUv&R÷UDI\D´'ø$øVWDQEXO7UNL\H'L\DQHW9DNIÕXXXVII, 545; (EX¶O-.kVÕPV- 0XKDPPHG.UG$OL'ÕPDúNPHGLQHWX¶V-VLKULYH¶ú-úLµUL, %DVÕP'ÕPDúN'kUX¶O-fikr, 1984, s.112- 130; Yahya, s.203- 204.. ùDKLQ³6XUL\H)L]LNvYH%HúHUv&R÷UDI\D´ 'ø$, XXXVII, (EX¶O-.kVÕPs.90- 91; 1HNOk=L\kGH µÆOHPX¶Oµ$UDE, %H\UWHO-(KOL\\HOL¶Q-QHúUYH¶W-WHY]Lµ, s.290- 293.. 20. 13.

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