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Nevin Hur 19.09.2011
i ødø1'(.ø/(5
KISALTMALAR ... iii
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SUMMARY ... v
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)DQWDVWL÷LQ'L÷HU7UOHUøOHøOLúNLVL ... 23
)DQWDVWLN(GHEL\DWÕQ.XUJXVDOg]HOOLNOHUL ... 27
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$YXVWXU\D(GHEL\DWÕ¶QD*HQHO%LU%DNÕú ... 31
2.2. Robert Schneider ... 32
+DYDGD<U\HQ$GOÕ5RPDQD*HQHO%LU%DNÕú ... 35
5RPDQÕQg]HWL ... 35
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Anahtar Kelimeler: Fantezi, Fantastik Kurgu, Fantastik Edebiyat
iv
Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences $EVWUDFWRI0DVWHU¶V7KHVLV
Title of the Thesis: $VD)DQWDVWLF1RYHO³:DONLQJLQWKH$LU´
Author: Nevin Hur Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Funda KIZILER EMER Date: 19 September 2011 Nu. Of pages: iv (pre text) + 80 (main body)
Department: German Language Subfield: German Language and Literature and Literature
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imanigary city Jacobsroth. In the roman, encloses 30 years, the writer tells about the social and cultural condition of people live in Region Rhine. More important is that, readers visit another phantasic worlds through the help of phantastic people and events that are given in the story.
First aim of our thesis is analysing the phantastic elements in the novel and then FDWHJRUL]LQJWKHURPDQ³:DONLQJLQWKH$LU´DVDSKDQtastic novel. So in the first part of this study, made up of two parts, we aimed to answer exactly what is Phantastic Literatur?
We used reader-focused criticism method in our study to help the readers to line the borders of phantastic which is very complex and hard to understand. This will gonna help readers in the process of reading to ask between fantasy and reality and most importantly to understand the aim of the writer and the text.
Key words: Fantasy, Fantastic Fiction, Fantastic Literature
1
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GH÷LQPHGHQ|QFHIDQWDVWLNNDYUDPÕQÕQ etimolojisini inceleyelim.
Metzler 6|]O÷¶Qde yer alan fantastik NDYUDPÕúXúHNLOGHGLU
³Fantezi: [Yunanca phantasia, Latince imagiQDWLR@*HQHODQODPÕIDQWH]LKD\DO
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6
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J|VWHULPLQGHQ DQODWÕODQÕQ WHPVLOLQH GD\DQDQ LIDGH\H NDGDU ELU D\UÕP V|]
konusudur ve GDLPDVÕQÕUODUÕQ|WHVLQGHNDOÕU´(Metzler Lexikon, 2007: 581).
³Sachlexikon der Literatur´ DGOÕ HGHEL\DW ELOLP V|]O÷ IDQWDVWLN HGHEL\DW NDYUDPÕQD
ú|\OHDoÕNOÕNJHWLULU
³)DQWDVWLN (GHEL\DW (GHEL\DWWD IDQWDVWLN VLPJH ELOLPVHO \DSÕVal ya da tarihsel RODUDNWDQÕPODQÕU6LPJHELOLPVHOo|]POHPHGX\XOPDPÕúYHJ|UOPHPLúRODQÕQ
]HULQHGLNNDWoHNHUDPSLULNJHUoHNOL÷LQ|WHVLQGHVÕQÕU|WHVL\DGDIHQRPHQRODQ
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(Sachlexikon Literatur, 2000: 687).
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UQ JHUoHNOLNOHU NRPELQH HGLOLU )DQWDVWLN |QFHOLNOH GX\JXVDO NDUHOHU YH VR\XW
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UHWLOHELOLU KDIÕ]D YH KDWÕUD SHUIRUPDQVODUÕQÕ PHYFXW YH \HQL \DUDWÕPODUOD
ELUOHúWLUPHNWHGLU oQF RODUDN da JHoPLú GHQH\LPOHUGHNL ELOJL HGLQLPL YH KDOL
KD]ÕUGDNLDNWDUPDSHUIRUPDQVÕDUDVÕQGDDUDFÕOÕNHWPHNWHGLUGenelde fantastik, eski G|QHPOHUGHNL3ROLWLND%LOLPYH7HNQLNWHROGX÷XJLELROD÷DQGÕúÕNRúXOODUDOWÕQGD
\HQL SUREOHPOHUOH EDúD oÕNPDN GXUXPXQGD NDOÕQGÕ÷Õ KHU \HUGH EXOXQPDNWDGÕr (Lexikon der Aesthetik, 1992: 188).
Son olarak ³Literatur Brockhaus¶XQIDQWDVWLNDoÕOÕPÕLVHú|\OHGLU
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7
HGHEL\DWWD NDUPDúÕN J|UQJOHU RODUDN RUWD\D oÕNDU´ (Literatur Brockhaus, 1988:
79).
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IDQWDVWLNNDYUDPÕ/DWLQFHELUVÕIDWRODQfantasticum ve Yunanca bir fiil olan phantasein V|]FNOHULQGHQ WUHPLúWLU 6WHLQPHW] %WQ GLOOHUGH KD\DO UQ RODUDN
EHWLPOHQPHVL LOH HYUHQVHO ELU WDQÕPD VDKLS RODQ IDQWDVWLN NDYUDPÕ JQ ÕúÕ÷Õ
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NDGDUJHUoHNKDWWDJHUoHNWHQELOHGDKDJHUoHNWLU 0HWQLIDQWDVWLNNÕODQ da tam olarak bu JHUoHNOLNVDQUÕVÕGÕU
1.2. Fantastik .DYUDPÕQÕQve Fantastik (GHEL\DWÕQSoy KW÷
1.2.1. Fantastik .DYUDPÕQÕQ6R\ KW÷
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LGHRORMLOHULQ GÕúÕQGD |]JUONo ELU VUHFH JLULOPLú WP EXQODUÕQ |QFHVLQGH LVH
5|QHVDQV YH 5HIRUP KDUHNHWOHULQLQ E\N HWNLVL\OH $\GÕQODQPD '|QHPL EDúODPÕúWÕU
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HNVLNOLNOHULQ KDILIOHWLOPHVL LoLQ LQVDQOÕ÷ÕQ VWOHQmesi gerekli en |QHPOL |GHYGLU´
(Frenzel E. Ve GL÷ 153-154). <HQL ELOJLOHUH XODúDELOPHN ILNLUOHUL
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9
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7HNG]HOLNWHQ NXUWXOPDN LVWH\HQ LQVDQÕQ NHQGLVLQL IDUNOÕ ELU GLOOH LIDGH HWPHN
istemesinin sonucu olarak HGHEL\DW RUWD\D oÕNPÕúWÕU .LPL ]DPDQ J|UGNOHULQL
UHVPHGHQ NLPL ]DPDQ NHQGLVLQLQ GH SDUoDVÕ ROGX÷X VRV\DO KD\DWÕ DQODWDQ \D GD KLo
ROPD\DQ ELU GQ\D\Õ YDUPÕú JLEL J|VWHUHQ VDQDWoÕ HYUHQGHNL JHUoHNOL÷L WDQÕPODPD\D
JL]HPLGHDQODPODQGÕUPD\DoDOÕúPDNWDGÕU+HUoD÷ÕQ\DúDPDX]D\DGQ\D\DLQVDQD
NÕVDFDVÕWPHYUHQHEDNÕúDoÕVÕQDIDUNOÕúHNLOGH\DQVÕ\DQJHUoHNOLNDQOD\ÕúÕVDQDWHVHULQL
GH GR÷UXGDQ HWNLOHPHNWHGLU øo GQ\DVÕQÕ VDQDWÕQD \DQVÕWDQ VDQDWoÕQÕQ SVLNRORMLVLQLQ
o|]POHQPHVL YH WDNLELQGH GúOHULQLQ \RUXPODQPDVÕ LQVDQ JHUoH÷LQLQ DQODúÕOPDVÕQD
\|Q YHUPLúWLU1 %LU VDQDWoÕ RODUDN LQVDQ DQODPODQGÕUDPDGÕ÷Õ GR÷UXGDQ \DQVÕWDPDGÕ÷Õ
JHUoHNOL÷LVH]JLGúJFDUDFÕOÕ\OD\HQLGHQUHWPH\HoDOÕúPÕúWÕU%|\OHFHJHUoHNVW
DODQÕ DQODWPD\D oDOÕúDQ PLVWLNOHU VRQVX]OX÷D \HONHQ DoDQ URPDQWLNOHU JHUoH÷L
VLPJHOHúWLUHUHNVR\XWODPÕúODUGÕUDUWÕN=DPDQNDYUDPÕ\ODGR÷UXRUDQWÕOÕRODUDNoD÷GDQ
12ULMLQDODGÕ'LH7UDXPGHXWXQJRODQ'úOHULQ<RUXPXLVLPOLoDOÕúPD6LJPXQG)UHXG¶DDLWWLU)UHXG
\ÕOÕQGD\D\ÕPODGÕ÷ÕHVHULQELULQFLE|OPQGHU\DODUÕQROXúXPXQXQHGHQOHULQLYHLúOHYOHULQL
VRUJXODPDNWDLNLQFLE|OPQGHU\D\RUXPODPDVÕQGDNXOODQGÕ÷Õ\|QWHPOHULQLDoÕNODPDNWDYHoQF
E|OPQGHLVHU\DODUÕQLQVDQODUÕQELOLQoDOWÕ\ODDODNDOÕELUGXUXPROGX÷XQXVDYXQDUDNU\DODUÕQELUGLOHN
JHUoHNOHúPHVLROGXNODUÕQÕEHOLUWPHNWHGLU.LWDEÕQGHYDPÕQGDGDU\DODUDLOLúNLQELUoRN\DQÕWYHUHQ
Q|URORJEXHVHUL\OHpsikoloji ve eGHEL\DWDODQODUÕQÕELUOHúWLUPHNWHGLU
15
oD÷D WUGHQ WUH YH EHUDEHULQGH NLúLGHQ NLúL\H IDUNOÕOÕN J|VWHUHQ JHUoHNOLN DQOD\ÕúÕ
³NODVLNOHUWDUDIÕQGDQNODVLNURPDQWLNOHUWDUDIÕQGDQURPDQWLNJHUoHNVWFOHUWDUDIÕQGDQ
JHUoHNVW´ (Ecevit, 2009: 18) RODUDNNDUúÕOÕNEXOPXúWXUWDULKWHQJQP]HNDGDU
<D]ÕQWDULKLQLQJHOLúPHVUHFLQGHNLPLHOHúWLUPHQYHNXUDPFÕODUHGHEL\DWÕQWRSOXPVDO
JHUoHNOLN KDNNÕQGD ELU oHúLW ELOJL VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕQÕ EX QHGHQOH GH KDNLNDW ELOGLUHQ \DKXW
ELOGLUPHVL JHUHNOL ELU úH\ ROGX÷XQX VDYXQXUNHQ NLPLOHUL GH HGHEL\DWÕQ KDNLNDWL
ELOGLUHPH\HFH÷LQHEXQXQ|]QHD\NÕUÕROGX÷XQDoQNHGHEL\DWÕQLúOHYLQLQQHELOJLVHO
QHGHGLGDNWLNROGX÷XQXVDYXQPXúWXU (Moran, 2008: 306). +HUQHNDGDUNHVLQJHUoHNYH
GR÷UXELUWDQÕPÕ\DSÕODPDVDGD- NLEXQXQQHGHQLHGHEL\DWÕQGL÷HUGHQH\VHONDYUDPODU
JLEL ³DoÕN GRNXOX´ (Moran, 2008: 303) ROPDVÕGÕU- genel anlamda malzemesi dil, ND\QD÷Õ\DúDQWÕODUYHKD\DOJFRODQ\DUDWÕFÕOÕ÷DGD\DQDQELUVDQDWGDOÕRODUDNNDEXO
edilir edebiyat (Baytekin, 2006: 2). %LU oHúLW DQODWÕ ELoLPLGLU HGHEL\DW 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD
Michel %XWRU¶XQ³dH÷LúLNJHUoHNOHUHGH÷LúLNDQODWÕELoLPOHULGHQNGúHU´ (Ecevit, 2009:
177) úHNOLQGHNLV|\OHPLEXGúQFH\LEHUNLWPHNtedir.
6|] NRQXVX GH÷LúLN DQODWÕ ELoLPOHUL \D]ÕQ WUOHULQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU %XQD UD÷PHQ
V|\OH\HELOLUL] NL, HGHEL\DW HVHUOHUL EHOOL NDOÕSODU LoLQH JLUHPH\HFHN NDGDU |]JQ
\DUDWÕODUGÕU%XQHGHQOHELUELULQHEHQ]H\HQ\DSÕWODUÕQEHQ]HULoHULNOHULQGHQYHNXOODQÕODQ
|÷HOHUGHQ\RODoÕNDUDNRQODUÕQ\D\JÕQOÕNEHOLUOH\LFL|]HOOLNOHULQGHQV|]HWPHNGDKDL\L
RODFDNWÕU 7DELv NL ELOLPLQ JHUH÷L RODUDN WUOHU VÕQÕIODPDVÕQD JLWPHN GL÷HU GDOODUGD
ROGX÷XJLELHGHEL\DWWDGDV|]NRQXVXGXU2NXQDQPHWQLQURPDQúLLU\DGD|\N olarak VÕQÕIODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ V|] NRQXVX PHWQLQ ELU WU LoHULVLQH GDKLO HGLOPHVLQH \DUGÕPFÕ ROXU
%HOOL LúDUHWOHUOH WUQ EHOLUOH\HQ YH PHWQH DQODP YHUPHN DoÕVÕQGDQ SUDWLN ID\GDODUÕ
RODQWUOHU, D\QÕ]DPDQGDRNXUXQEHNOHQWLOHULQLGH\|QOHQGLULU(Parla, 2008: 26). 'R÷DO
RODUDNHGHEL\DW\DSÕWODUÕQÕWUOHUDoÕVÕQGDQLQFHOHPHNKHU\DSÕWÕQNHQGLQHKDV|]HOOL÷LQL
RUWD\D NR\PDNWDQ ]L\DGH ELUoRN \DSÕWWD NHQGLQL J|VWHUHFHN RODQ ELU NXUDOÕ RUWD\D
oÕNDUPDNWÕU(Todorov, 2004: 11). %XNXUDOODUÕRUWD\DNR\DUNHQD\QÕDQGD WP\DSÕWODUD
XODúPDN LPNkQVÕ] ROGX÷XQGDQ ELOLPVHO \DNODúÕPD |]J WPGHQJHOLP \|QWHPL
NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU $NVL WDNGLUGH KDQJL WUH DLW ROGX÷X VDSWDQDPD\DQ LoHULVLQGH ELUoRN
]ÕWOÕ÷Õ EDUÕQGÕUDQ L\L \D GD N|W ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQHPH\HQ EHONL ROPDGÕ÷Õ KDOGH ³VDnat HVHUL´ RODUDN WDQÕPODQDFDN ELUoRN \DSÕW RUWD\D oÕNDFDNWÕU %X NDUPDúDQÕQ
HQJHOOHQHELOPHVL LoLQ WUOHULQ QH ROGX÷X YH QDVÕO ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷L IRUPOH HGLOPHN
16
GXUXPXQGDGÕU(GHELWUE|\OHFHDQODPÕNHQGLLoLQGHVDNOÕNHQGLQGHQLEDUHW|]HUNELU
kategori RODUDN GH÷LO GL÷HU NRPúX WUOHUGHQ IDUNOÕOÕ÷Õ\OD WDQÕPODQDQ ELU inceleme konusu haline gelecektir.
%DWÕ eGHEL\DWÕQGDNL LON WU NXUDPÕQÕQ \D]DUÕ RODQ Aristoteles, Poetika isimli oDOÕúPDVÕQGD EWQ VDQDWODUÕQ JHQHO RODUDN taklit (mimemis) ROGX÷XQD GLNNDW oHker.
*HQLúDQODPÕ\ODELUHVHULPH\GDQDJHWLUHQVDQDWoÕúDLU\DGD\D]DUELUúH\\DSDQNLúL
RODUDN DVOÕQGD \HWHQH÷LQL GH NXOODQDUDN GR÷D\Õ WDNOLW HWPHNWHGLU $\UÕFD V|] NRQXVX
VDQDWODUÕQ WDNOLW HWPHGH NXOODQÕODQ DUDo EDNÕPÕQGDQ ELUELUOHULQGHQ D\UÕOGÕNODUÕQÕ
V|\OH\HQ$ULVWRED]ÕVDQDWODUÕQUHQNOHUYHILJUOHUED]ÕODUÕQÕQLVHVHVDUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\ODWDNOLW
HGLOGL÷LQL EHOLUWLU YH WDNOLGLQ ULWLP V|] \D GD KDUPRQL \DUGÕPÕ\OD JHUoHNOHúWL÷LQL GLOH
getirir (Aristoteles, 2010: 11). Her sanat eseri kendi yorumunu kendi WUQGH\DQLNHQGL
GLOLQGHJHUoHNOHúWLULU%XGXUXPRQXQ|]JQROPDVÕQDYHDOJÕVÕQÕNHQGLGQ\DJ|Uú\OH
DNWDUPDVÕQD \DUGÕPFÕ ROPDNWDGÕU =LUD ³\D]ÕQ WUOHUL DVOD GXUD÷DQ NDOÕSODU GH÷LOGLU
6UHNOLGH÷LúLPLoLQGHGLUOHU%X\]GHQGHDQDOLWLN\DNODúÕPODUÕPÕ]GDWUGLQDPL]PLQH
GX\DUOÕ \|QWHPOHU JHOLúWLUPHPL] JHUHNLU %LU URPDQFÕ GDKD URPDQÕQD EDúODGÕ÷Õ DQGD
romDQWUQGH÷LúWLUL\RUGHPHNWLU´ (Parla, 2008: 26-27).
<D]ÕQ WUOHUL KXVXVXQGD VDSWDPDODUGD EXOXQDQ (' +LUVFK PHWLQ-WU LOLúNLVLQL
\RUXPODUNHQ WUOHULQ PHWLQOHULQ DQODPÕQÕ GHULQOHúWLUPHNOH NDOPD\ÕS D\QÕ ]DPDQGD
\RUXPODUÕQD oHUoHYH KD]ÕUODGÕ÷ÕQGDQ EDKVHWPHNWHGLU 7UOHULQ QLWHOLNOHULQL ROXúWXUDQ
ED]ÕLúDUHWOHUHGLNNDWoHNHQ+LUVFKHSLNWUGHNDKUDPDQÕQQLWHOLNOHULURPDQVWDDUD\Õú
motifinin, pastorDOGH NÕUVDO WRS\D NXUJXELOLPGH NHQWVHO GLVWRS\D2 JLEL NDYUDPODUÕQ
PHWQL DoÕNOÕ÷D NDYXúWXUPD\D \DUGÕPFÕ RODELOHFH÷LQH LúDUHW HWPHNWHGLU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD ELU
\RUXPFXRODUDNRNXQDQPHWQLQWUQHGDLUELOJLELULNLPLQHVDKLSROPDN, PHWQLQG]JQ
ELUúHNLOGHDQODúÕOPDVÕQD\DUGÕPFÕROXU (Parla, 2008: 27). Elbette bu, her edebi metnin DLW ROGX÷X WUH GDLU EWQ |]HOOLNOHUL WDúÕ\DFDN ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷L DQODPÕQD
JHOPHPHNWHGLU=LUDKHUPHWLQ\D]ÕOGÕ÷ÕWUNHQGLVL\OHELUOLNWHJD\ULLKWL\DULGH÷LúWLUPH
ONVQH VDKLSWLU 7DULKWH GkKLO ROGX÷X HGHEL WUQ WP |]HOOLNOHULQL LoHULVLQGH
EDUÕQGÕUDQELUPHWQLQ\D]ÕOPDPDVÕEXQDHQL\LNDQÕWWÕU: ³<D]ÕQWUOHULHGHEL\DWWDULKLQLQ
HQGLQDPLNJ|VWHUJHOHULGLUYHUHoHWH\HJHOPH]oQNKHUHGHEL\DSÕWDLWROGX÷XWUOH
tam bir uyumdan oRNIDUNOÕOÕN\HQLOLNPHOH]OLN\DGDEDúNDOGÕUÕLOLúNLVLVHUJLOHU7U
2 +HUúH\LQPNHPPHOROGX÷XKD\DOvWRSOXPDQOD\ÕúÕQÕQDQWLWH]LRWRULWHUWRWDOLWHU\DGDEDVNÕFÕbir VLVWHPDQOD\ÕúÕ
17
DúPD oDEDODUÕ\OD DLW ROGX÷X WUQ VÕQÕUODUÕQÕ ]RUODU´ (Parla, 2008: 29). <DQL WUOHULQ
\D]PDELoLPOHULROGX÷XQXYHEXELoLPOHULQRNXULOH\D]DUDUDVÕQGDNRGROXúWXUGX÷XQX varsayarsaNHGHELWUOHULQ\D]PDSUDWL÷LYHRNXPDHGLPL\OHGLUHNWED÷ODQWÕOÕROGX÷XQX
NDEXOHWPHNGXUXPXQGDNDOÕUÕ] (Parla, 2008: 27-35).
6RQXoRODUDNHGHELWUOHULQYDUOÕ÷Õ\D]ÕQGQ\DVÕQGDNLPHWLQOHULQELUELULQLQD\QÕVÕRODQ
tek WLSG]\D]ÕROPDODUÕQGDQNXUWXOPDODUÕQDKL]PHWHGHUYHRQODUÕDGHWDNHQGLLoLQGH
EHOOL NXUDOODUD VDKLS \D]ÕOGÕ÷Õ \D GD \D]ÕODFD÷Õ WUQ JHUHNOHULQL \HULQH JHWLUPHN
GXUXPXQGD RODQ PDWHPDWLNVHO IRUPOOHUH G|QúWU. *HUoHN KD\DWWD NDUúÕODúÕOPDVÕ
PPNQROPD\DQJHUoHNVWGXUXPYHROD\ODUÕROXUNÕOPDVÕPQDVHEHWL\OHHGHELWUOHU
LoLQGHJ|]HoDUSDQIDQWDVWLNHGHEL\DWWXKDI|\NNLúLOHULJHUoHNGQ\DGDQIDUNOÕLOJLQo
HYUHQOHULYHLQVDQOÕ÷ÕQJFHRODQJHUHNVLQLPLQL\DQVÕWPDVÕEDNÕPÕQGDQGL÷HUWUOHUGHQ
D\UÕOÕU .HQGL \DUDWÕFÕ KD\DO JoOHUL LOH \DúDGÕNODUÕ GQ\D\Õ EDúND ELU úHNLOGH
DQODPODQGÕUDUDNRNX\XFXODUÕIDQWDVWL÷LQ]HQJLQGQ\DVÕQGDWXKDI\DUDWÕNODUODWDQÕúWÕUÕS
RQODUÕHVUDUHQJL]PDFHUDODUDVUNOH\HQIDQWDVWLN\D]DUODUÕKD\DOGQ\DVÕLOHHGHEL\DWÕ
ELUOHúWLULUOHU )DUNOÕ NOWUOHUL YH IDUNOÕ NDUDNWHUOHUL WDQÕúWÕUGÕ÷Õ RNX\XFXODUÕQÕ KHP
JOGUHQ KHP GH H÷OHQGLUHQ IDQWDVWLN \D]DUODUÕ NXUJXODGÕNODUÕ GQ\DQÕQ PDQWÕN
oHUoHYHVL LoLnde ROPDVÕQDGDGLNNDWHGHUOHU (Kavak, 2011: 71).
1.3.2. Fantastik EdebiyatÕQ7DQÕPÕ
6DQDWoÕ\DJHQLúELU|]JUONDODQÕVXQDQIDQWDVWLNDQODWÕODUVDQDWoÕQÕQKD\DOJFQHYH
GHQH\LPOHULQH GD\DQÕUODU %X |]HOOL÷L LOH NXUPDFDQÕQ ELU DGÕP LOHULVLQGH EXOXQDQ
IDQWDVWLNDQODWÕODUGDKHUúH\\D]DUFDNXUJXODQÕUYHWDQÕPODQÕU
Kurmaca, \DúDQÕOPDVÕPXKWHPHOROD\ODUÕQWDQÕPÕGÕU)DQWDVWLNNXUPDFDLVHWDPDPÕ\OD
\D]DUÕQÕQ ELULNLP YH \DUDWÕFÕ JFQH GD\DQDQ VDOW JHUoHNOL÷LQ WDNOLGL ROPD\DQ GÕú
JHUoHNOLNWHQIDUNOÕELUHYUHQGHJHoHQDQODWÕODUGÕU<DúDGÕ÷ÕG|QHPLQVRUXQODUÕQÕ|]OHP
YH HNVLNOHULQL KLVVHGHQ VDQDWoÕQÕQ NDoÕú GQ\DVÕ olarak da nitelendirilebilir fantastik HGHEL\DW %|\OHOLNOH LON EDNÕúWD GÕú JHUoHNOHUGHQ NRSXN ROGX÷X J|]OHQVH GH LoLQGH
EXOXQGX÷X G|QHPLQ DQOD\ÕúÕQÕ LVWHU LVWHPH] HVHULQH \DQVÕWDQ VDQDWoÕ \DúDGÕNODUÕQÕ
yeniden kurgular (Tosun, 2011: 59-61). Zira edebiyat HVHULQL JHUoHN \DúDPGDQ
WDPDPÕ\ODNRSXNGúQPHNPPNQGH÷LOGLU(VHULPH\GDQDJHWLUHQVDQDWoÕWRSOXPXQ
ELU\HVLGLUYHNHQGLVLQLLoLQGH\DúDGÕ÷ÕoHYUHGHQVR\XWODPDVÕLPNDQVÕ]GÕU6DQDWoÕQÕQ
HVHULQGHJHUoHNXQVXUODUD\HUYHUPHVLYHGR÷DOJHUoHNOL÷L\DQVÕWPD\DoDOÕúÕ\RUROPDVÕ
18
HVHULQLQDQGÕUÕFÕOÕNVD÷OD\DELOPHVLDoÕVÕQGDQGD|QHPOLGLU(GHEL\DWWDHVDVRODQJHUoH÷L
VDQDWOÕELUELoLPGHDQODWPDNYHE|\OHFHNXUJXVDODODQDJHoLúLVD÷ODPDNWÕU+HUQHNDGDU
JHUoHNOHUL\DQVÕWÕ\RUROVDGD\DúDPÕQJHUoH÷LLOHVDQDWHVHULQLQJHUoH÷LIDUNOÕGÕU)L]LNL
GQ\D\Õ NDSVD\DQ GÕú JHUoHNOLN YH VDQDWoÕQÕQ Lo GQ\DVÕQD D\QD WXWDQ Lo JHUoHNOLN
DQOD\ÕúODUÕQÕQ ELUOHúPHVL\OH RUWD\D oÕNDQ NXUJXVDO DODQ E|\OHFH G|QHPLQ JHUHNWLUGL÷L
úDUWODUYHGHLoJHUoHNOL÷LQGH÷LúNHQOL÷LQHGHQL\OHIDUNOÕODúÕU%XQXQVRQXFXRODUDNGD
KHUELULELUELULQGHQIDUNOÕVDQDWHVHUOHULRUWD\DoÕNDU<D]ÕQVDOELUWURODUDNIDQWDVWL÷L
ELOLP \D GD JQQ ELOLPVHO YHULOHUL LOH DoÕNODPD RODQD÷Õ \RNWXU 2NX\XFX KD\DO LOH
JHUoHNDUDVÕQGDJLGHUJHOLU8oDQ)DQWDVWLNHGHEL\DWWDNLJHUoHNOLNWHQNDVÕW
NDUúÕODúÕODQ ROD÷DQVW GXUXP NDUúÕVÕQGD \DúDQÕODQ úH\LQ JHUoHN PL KD\DO PL ROGX÷X
NRQXVXQGD NDUDUVÕ]OÕN KLVVLQLQ \DúDQPDVÕGÕU 7DPDPÕ\OD \D]DUÕQÕQ KD\DO JFQH
GD\DQDQNLPL]DPDQ\DúDQDQoD÷DELUHOHúWLULQLWHOL÷LQGHRODQNLPL]DPDQGDVRPXWYH
UDKDWVÕ]HGLFLJHUoHNOHUGHQELUDQOÕNELOHROVDNDoPDNLoLQVÕ÷ÕQÕODQELUOLPDQGÕUIDQWDVWLN
edebiyat.
)DQWDVWLN EWQ\OH \D]DUÕQÕQ \DUDWÕFÕ JFQH GD\DQDQ \HQL ELU GQ\D NXUJXVXQXQ
ROXúXPXGXU +D\DO YH JHUoHN LNL D\UÕ GQ\D RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHFHN ROXUVD LONL
GR÷DQÕQNLQGHQ IDUNOÕ\DVDODUÕRODQGQ\DLNLQFLVLLVHJQONSUDWLNOHULNDSVD\DQVRPXW
\DúDP RODUDN WDQÕPODQDELOLU %X LNL GQ\DGDQ ELULQLQ \DUDWÕNODUÕQÕQ GL÷HULQL LúJDO
etmesiyle belli eder kendini fantastik edebiyat (Moran, 2009: 62). <DQLQRUPDO\DúDPÕQ
LoLQHJL]HPLQJLUPHVL\OHJHUoHNOHúLUIDQWDVWLN'DKD|QFHGHEHOLUWWL÷LPL]JLELHdebiyat V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷XQGD JHUoHNOHU HVHULQ EQ\HVLQGH IDUNOÕ úHNLOOHUGH KDUPDQODQÕU %X
QHGHQOHGLUNLKD\DWÕQJHUoH÷LLOHVDQDW HVHULQLQJHUoH÷LD\QÕGH÷LOGLU5RPDQGDDQODWÕODQ
JHUoHN GH÷LO JHUoH÷H \DNÕQ RODQGÕU %X GXUXPXQ EDúOÕFD QHGHQL HGHEL HVHUOHULQ DNÕO
DOPD]ELUúHNLOGHGH÷LúNHQOL÷HVDKLSRODQGúQFHKD\DOYHKLVJLEL|÷HOHUGHQROXúX\RU
ROPDVÕGÕU'ROD\ÕVÕ\ODED]ÕNLúLVHOYHHYUHQVHOJHUoHNOHULQGH÷LúHPH\HFH÷LJ|]|QQGH
EXOXQGXUXOXS EDKVHWWL÷LPL] |÷HOHU YH GLO JHUoHNOL÷L GLNNDWH DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD, KLoELU HVHULQ
ELUHELUJHUoH÷L \DQVÕWDPD\DFD÷ÕNDEXOHGLOPHVLJHUHNOLELUROJXGXU (dÕNOD- 115).
)DQWDVWLNDQODWÕODUGDELUoRFXNVDIL\HWLQGHVRUJXVX]VXDOVL]KHUúH\LNDEXOHGHQELURNXU
NLWOHVLKHGHIOHQLU2\VDEHQ]HUWUOHUPDVDOHIVDQHPLWOHUGHGHGR÷DVW|÷HOHUROGX÷X
KDOGHD\QÕGXUXPV|]NRQXVXGH÷LOGLUdQNRNX\XFXODUV|]NRQXVXWUOHULQLoHUGL÷L
19
JHUoHNVW |÷HOHU NDUúÕVÕQGD NDUDUVÕ]OÕN \DúDPD] =DWHQ EXQODUÕQ JHUoHN ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ
EDúWDQNDEXO HGHU)DNDWELOLPYHWHNQRORMLQLQKÕ]ODJHOLúPHVLVRV\DOKD\DWWDQNRSXN
ROPD\DQELUH\OHULQKHUNRQXGDELOJLVDKLELROPDVÕQDYHELOLPOHDoÕNODQDPD\DQúH\OHUH
RODQ LQDQFÕQÕQ D]DOPDVÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU 8]D\D \ROFXOXNODUÕQ ROGX÷X oD÷ÕPÕ]GD
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