MODAL AUXILIARIES & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS
PART II
SET 1
1. You ---- your own canoe in order to join the canoe club. They cost a lot of money. You ----mine whenever you want to go canoeing. A) mustn’t buy / had borrowed
B) won’t haven bought / should borrow C) needn’t buy / can borrow
D) might not buy / would borrow E) can’t buy / used to borrow
2. He is so poor now it’s hard to believe that when he was young, he ---- down the street in his Rolls Royce or sometimes his Jaguar car. A) has been driving
B) would drive C) should have driven D) has driven
E) may be driving
3. Just as my daughter was about to leave the house on her wedding day, my son spilt some tea on her dress. Fortunately, we ----the stain with some special soap before ----the wedding took place.
A) were able to remove B) must have removed C) might be removing D) could remove E) used to remove
4. A: Is Julian not visiting aunt May with us today.
B: Well, he has been called out to an emergency, but he ---- us there if he finishes early.
A) has joined B) could have joined C) was joining D) might join E) would be joining
5. A: What were you doing at the bank yesterday?
B: I ---- my bank manager for a loan to repair our house, and luckily, I managed to get it. A) must have asked
B) used to ask C) had to ask
D) should have asked E) ought to ask
6. A: I can’t believe Jane isn’t here to collect her award.
B: She ---- the invitation. We definitely should have checked that she had got it. A) would rather not receive
B) had better not receive C) isn’t supposed to receive D) needn’t have received E) must not have received
7. A: Did you speak to Sam about the plans for the cake sale to raise money for charity? B: Yes I did and she ---- bake some biscuits and cakes if she has time.
A) might be able to B) was able to C) used to D) had better E) has had to
8. Our plane ---- in Cairo hours ago, but we haven’t even taken off from Heath-row yet. A) was supposed to land
B) must have landed C) ought to be landing D) will have landed E) might be landing
9. This steak is a little bit undercooked for my taste. ---- putting it back under the grill for another five minutes?
A) Why don’t you B) Would you mind C) Would you like D) Do you prefer E) Do you mind if I
10. A: I wonder why Mary didn’t want to come shopping in Oxford street with us.
B: I don’t know. She ---- short of money these days because her new kitchen cost her a lot of money. A) will be B) has been C) can be D) would be E) could be
11. I ---- to the office to send e-mail any longer. The company has bought me a lap top computer and a mobile phone which can be used for electronic mail and the Internet. A) didn’t use to return
B) may not return C) needn’t have returned D) don’t have to return E) must not have returned
12. You ---- so envious of your brother. He is successful because, unlike you, he works extremely hard. A) haven’t been B) won’t be C) weren’t D) shouldn’t be E) may not be
13. Oh dear, we seem to have run out of salt. I ---- to the corner shop before dinner.
A) am able to go B) needed to go C) could have gone D) must have gone E) will have to go
14. I can’t understand why Dad is now so careful with his money. He ---- such a generous person. A) would be B) has been C) used to be D) will be E) must be
15. Trade is so poor these days! We ---- just two cars since I started working here a month ago.
A) have been able to sell B) used to sell
C) had to sell D) will have sold E) are supposed to sell
16. A: ---- we drive to Sultan Ahmet in our new car?
B: Well, I ---- take the ferry to avoid the traffic. A) May / must
B) Can / would like C) Must / prefer D) Shall / would sooner E) Would / had better
17. I was going to write my essay about the British nuclear tests in the Australian Desert, but I ---- the topic when I ---- much information about them.
A) have changed / wasn’t able to find B) had to change / couldn’t find C) must change / haven’t found D) might have changed / don’t find E) used to change / might not find
18. ---- you do me a favour please? ---- you ask Mrs. Green if the interview room is available? A) Might / May
B) May / Could C) Would / Do D) Shall / Might E) Could / Would
19. I was falling asleep while I was typing my speech last night. The only way I ---- awake was by drinking lots of strong coffee.
A) ought to stay B) would rather stay C) have stayed D) may stay E) could stay
20. ---- you hold this shelf here while I go and get my hammer? A) May B) Must C) Should D) Will E) Shall
21. The tyres of my car ---- thin already. I only replaced them in January. I’ll have to buy better quality ones next time.
A) shouldn’t have worn B) needn’t have worn C) didn’t wear
D) aren’t supposed to wear E) haven’t worn
22. According to their letter, we ---- them with a copy of our company’s accounts before we can order any cars on contract hire.
A) have supplied B) have to supply C) may have supplied D) used to supply E) had supplied
23. I suppose I ---- to type his report for him, but, at the time, I didn’t know how important it was.
A) have had to offer B) may have offered C) could have offered D) would rather offer E) was able to offer
24. A: Why is Mom still in hospital? She ---- home today.
B: They wanted to do some more tests.
A) must have come B) was supposed to come C) had better come D) used to come E) may have come
25. I’d like to have some people for dinner tonight, but it is too late to ask anyone because they ---- their plans already.
A) had better make B) used to make C) are making D) may have made E) can make
26. George ---- better in the tennis tournament than I thought he ---- because he got through to the finals.
A) must have played / could B) will have played / ought to C) should be playing / did D) ought to play / can E) had better play / should
27. Ever since he took on this part time job, he ---- enough time on his studies.
A) can’t spend B) isn’t able to spend C) hasn’t been able to spend D) wasn’t able to spend E) couldn’t spend
28. Now that they have raised the prices at the gym, I ---- going there or I’ll have difficulty paying it.
A) must have stopped B) used to stop C) had better stop D) might have stopped E) had stopped
29. My brother’s eye sight is perfect, but I ----glasses since I was seven years old.
A) ought to wear B) must have worn C) have to wear D) had better wear E) have had to wear
30. Would you mind if I ---- these trade magazines home to read? I never get time to read them in the office.
A) to take B) took C) am taking D) taking E) have taken
31. I am really surprised that Robby hasn’t signed up yet for skiing holiday this year. He ---- the first to book every year.
A) will be
B) may have been C) would be D) could be E) used to be
32. Your mother ---- a restaurant. She is such a wonderful cook. If she opened a restaurant, I’m sure it would be full every night.
A) must have opened B) used to open C) should open D) would open E) was able to open
33. We ---- offices soon. I saw the boss this morning viewing the new office block next to the station.
A) would rather be moving B) had better move C) would have moved D) may be moving E) have been moving
34. A: Peter in the accounts department retired yesterday.
B: He ---- permanently yesterday. I saw him at his desk only this morning.
A: Oh well, he had his retirement presentation yesterday, but perhaps that was because the chairman was here. Maybe he is leaving on Friday.
A) can’t have left B) ought not to leave C) hasn’t left D) needn’t have left E) had better not leave
35. A: Did you have a busy day at the shop? If you did, you ---- rushed off your feet without me there.
B: No, I wasn’t. It was quite a quiet day. A) must have been
B) have been C) used to be D) would rather be E) might be
36. I was just about to buy a new pair when the police rang to say my handbag had been found with my glasses still inside. So I ---- a new pair after all.
A) needn’t have bought B) mustn’t buy
C) wasn’t supposed to buy D) shouldn’t have bought E) didn’t need to buy
37. A: Why is she still perspiring? She ---- too hot- I’ve taken her jumper off.
B: In that case she ---- a fever. You’d better take her temperature.
A) can’t be / must have B) isn’t / would rather have C) wouldn’t be / is having D) needn’t be / ought to have E) shouldn’t be / had
38. Please Mum, ---- I watch the film tonight? I have finished all my homework.
A) would B) may C) do D) should E) must
39. I really missed Istanbul, where I lived when I was younger. On summer evenings, we ----along the coast by the sea of Marmara when the sun was setting behind Kınalıada.
A) ought to walk B) have walked C) would walk D) had walked E) might walk
40. A: Julester looks so slim. B: Has she been dieting? A: Not that I am aware of.
B: Well, she ---- very hard then. She goes horse riding, doesn’t she?
A) must have been exercising B) was exercising
C) had better exercise D) was able to exercise E) will have been exercising
41. You ---- a tie on Friday they don’t let men into the restaurant unless they are wearing a tie. A) would wear
B) must wear C) can wear D) may wear E) could wear
42. Jennifer ---- the promotion that she is expecting as she hasn’t reached her sales target yet.
A) shouldn’t have got B) hadn’t got C) didn’t use to get D) wasn’t getting E) may not get
43. Mom, according to what the doctor instructed you to do, you ---- any salt on your food. You know! If you insist on eating that much salt, you are bound to have another heart attack!
A) needn’t have put B) didn’t use to put C) haven’t put D) don’t have to put E) aren’t supposed to put
44. Alfred ---- his ankle badly as we ---- in the mountains last Saturday.
A) used to sprain / hiked
B) has sprained / could be hiking C) must have sprained / have hiked D) sprained / were hiking
E) may sprain / have been hiking
45. ………… I look after Catty for a couple of hours so that you and Kevin can go to cinema? A) Would B) let C) do D) did E) shall
46. During the strike of the railway workers, many commuters ---- a taxi to and from work by coming three or four people together so that they could afford it.
A) have been hiring B) had to hire C) ought to hire D) will be hiring E) might hire
47. We ---- by the river, but unfortunately, the riverside car park was full.
A) should be parking B) had parked C) had better park D) were going to park E) are supposed to park
48. You ---- some more appointments to get some more business. You’re never going to achieve your sales target at this rate.
A) used to make B) were making C) should make D) have made E) would make
49. You haven’t got time to do the gardening. I think you ---- a gardener, don’t you think so? A) ought to employ
B) have employed C) are employing D) must have employed E) employed
50. I’m glad that you ---- your father to let you come on this trip with us. It wouldn’t be so enjoyable without you!
A) must have persuaded B) could have persuaded C) might be persuading D) were able to persuade E) used to persuade
51. - 55. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
51. Bana daha fazla ayrıntı vermeyi reddettiğiniz için sizi mahkemede savunamayacağımı üzülerek bildiriyorum.
A) Your refusal to give me further information was the reason why l had to inform you that it was impossible for me to defend you. B) l'm sorry that l can't defend you in court
because you haven't given me all the particulars required.
C) Your refusal to provide further particulars, regrettably, led to my refusal to agree to defend you in court.
D) Since you refuse to give me further particulars, l regret to inform you that l won't be able to defend you in court.
E) Regrettably, l cannot agree to defend you in court unless you give me further particulars. 52. Mutfak pencerisinin önündeki çam ağacını kesmek zorunda kaldılar çünkü binanın temeline zarar veriyordu.
A) lf they hadn't cut down the old pine tree from in front of the kitchen window, it might have damaged the foundations of the building.
B) They were forced to cut down the pine tree in front of the kitchen window for fear that it would damage the foundations of the building.
C) Basically, they had to cut down the pine tree in front of the building because it was blocking the kitchen window completely. D) They only cut down the old pine tree, which
stood in front of the kitchen window, when it started to damage the foundations of the building.
E) They had to cut down the pine tree in front of the kitchen window as it was damaging the foundations of the building.
53. Bir ev hanımının dünyası sadece mutfak ve çocuk odasıyla sınırlı olmamalıdır.
A) She shouldn't restrict her world to that of a housewife, merely working in the kitchen and the nursery.
B) A housewife's world should not be restricted to just the kitchen and the nursery.
C) A housewife's life should also include experiences outside the kitchen and the nursery.
D) As a housewife, her world has been restricted to the kitchen and the nursery. E) A large part of a housewife's life is limited to
54. Her şeyi tek başına yapmaya çalışmak yerine, bizden ya da profesyonel birinden yardım isteyebilirdin.
A) You didn't need to ask for a professional's help as, with our help, you were able to manage everything without it.
B) lt would have been better if you had asked for our or a professional's help, but you tried to do everything yourself.
C) You could have asked for our or a professional's help instead of trying to do everything on your own.
D) lnstead of doing everything all alone, you should have asked for our help, or even a professional's.
E) You needn't have asked for our or a professional's help as you could have easily managed everything by yourself.
55. Birkaç emlakçıya uğrayıp kiralarla ilgili genel bir fikir edinince, o bölgede oturmaya gücümüz yetmeyeceğini anladık.
A) When we'd called at a few estate agents and got a general opinion of the rents, we realised that we couldn't afford to live in that area.
B) After we'd asked several estate agents for their opinion, it became obvious that we couldn't afford to live around there.
C) Though we were aware that the area was unaffordable for us, we still visited a few estate agents in order to get a general idea of the rents there.
D) lf we had spoken to a few estate agents and grasped the general level of rent charged there, we wouldn't have decided to move to that part of town.
E) Most of the estate agents we visited held the opinion that the rents charged in the area were too high for us to afford.
56. – 60. sorularda verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
56. Since my sister was very shy as a child, whenever she was invited to a party, she would make up an excuse and not want to go.
A) Kardeşim çok çekingen bir çocuk olduğu iin bir partiye davet edildiğinde heen bir maze-ret uydurur ve gitmezdi.
B) Kardeşim çocukken çok çekingen olduğu için ne zaman bir partiye davet edilse, bir mazeret uydurur gitmek istemezdi.
C) Çocukluğundan beri çok çekingen olan kar-deşim ne zaman bir partiye davet edilse, hemen bir mazeret uydurur ve gitmez iste-mez.
D) Çocukken çok çekingen olan kardeşim is-temediği partilere katılmamak için mutlaka bir mazeret bulurdu.
E) Kardeşim çocukken çok çekingen olduğu için hiçbir partiye katılmaz, davet edildiği zaman da bir mazeret uydururdu.
57. Parents should not be too permissive with their children, or they may lose their control over them completely when the children grow up.
A) Çocukları büyüdüğünde onlar üzerindeki kontrollerini tamamen yitirmiş olan ebeveynler küçükken onlara karşı çok tavizkar davranmış olmalılar.
B) Ebeveynlerin çocuklarına karşı fazla taviz-kar olmaması gerekir yoksa çocuklar büyü-düklerinde onları kontrol etmek zor olur. C) Çocuklarına karşı fazla tavizkar olan
ebe-veynler çocukları büyüdüğünde onların üze-rindeki kontrollerini tamamen yitirirler. D) Çocukları büyüdüğünde onların üzerindeki
kontrollerini yitirmek istemiyorlarsa ebe-veynlerin, çocuklarına karşı fazla tavizkar olmaması gerekir.
E) Ebeveynler çocuklarına karşı fazla tavizkar olmamalılar yoksa çocuklar büyüdüğünde onlar üzerindeki kontrollerini tamamen yiti-rebilirler.
58. Even the owners of the houses not damaged during the earthquake could not return on their houses for days due to fear.
A) Evleri hasar görmediği halde bazı insanlar depremden sonra günlerce içeri girmekten korktu.
B) İnsanlar, depremden günler sonra, hiç hasar görmemiş evlere bile korkarak girebildiler.
C) Depremden günler sonra, yıkılmayan evlerin sahipleri bile korkudan evlerine giremiyorlardı.
D) Depremde hasar görmemiş evlerin sahipleri bile, korkudan günlerce evlerine giremediler.
E) İnsanlar depremden o kadar korkmuştu ki evleri hasar görmemiş olanlar bile günlerce içeri giremedi.
59. ln an effort to sabotage others' computers, some users, called hackers, create software that can damage a computer's programs or data.
A) Başkalarının bilgisyarlarını sabote etmek amacıyla, hacker adı verilen bazı kullanıcı-lar, bilgisayarın programlarına ya da verile-rine zarar verebilen programlar üretiyorlar. B) Başka bilgisayarları sabote etmek için,
bilgi-sayarın programlarına ya da verilerine zarar veren programlar üreten kişilere hacker de-nir.
C) Hacker adı verilen bazı kullanıcılar, bilgisa-yarların hem programlarına hem de verilerine zarar verebilen programlar üreterek başkalarının bilgisayarlarını sabote etmektedir.
D) Hacker diye adlandırılan bazı sabotajcılar, bilgisayar programları üreterek başkalarının bilgisayarlarına ya da verilerine zarar ver-meye çalışmaktadır.
E) Hackerlar, bilgisayarın sadece programla-rına değil verilerine de zarar verebilen prog-ramları, başkalarının bilgisayarlarını sabote etmek amacıyla üretirler.
60. Although they seem to offer an escape from problems for a few hours, in fact, drugs create more problems than solutions.
A) Sorunlardan sadece birkaç saatliğine kaçış sağlamaya yarayan uyuşturucular aslında sorunları daha da büyütürler.
B) Uyuşturucular sorunları gerçek anlamda çözmez, sadece kişiyi birkaç saatliğine so-runlardan uzaklaştırır.
C) Birkaç saatliğine sorunlardan kaçış sağlıyor gibi görünseler de aslında uyuşturucular çö-zümden daha çok sorun yaratırlar.
D) Sorunlarından sadece birkaç saatliğine uzaklaşmak için uyuşturuculara baş vuran biri, gerçekte kendine daha büyük bir sorun yaratmıştır.
E) Birkaç saatliğine sorunlardan kaçmada ya-rarı görülmüşse de uyuşturucular sorunları çözmez, daha çok sorun yaratırlar.
61. – 75. sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
61. Every should save water as it is not only economical but also resourceful.
A) All of us must have used less water as we have saved a lot of money on our water bill. B) Every person must try to use less water not in order to save money but to save valuable resources.
C) Everybody ought to save water because by doing so, they will save both money and this resource.
D) Using less water should be everybody's concern as it saves valuable resources. E) Someone must have used a lot of water as
our water has cost more than usual. 62. l will let you take the dog for a walk, but you
are not to take off its lead at any time.
A) l will allow you to walk the dog; however, you must not take his lead off at all. B) Our dog should not be let off his lead at any
time, so you can't take it for a walk.
C) We used to take off the dog's lead during walks, but now l find it dangerous.
D) You were supposed to take the dog's lead off while you were walking it.
E) l won't let you take the dog for a walk until you promise not to let it loose.
63. You might have difficulty finding the files for some of these customers on the list, so ask me if you need any help.
A) Perhaps you would have found it easier to work on these customer files if you had asked for my assistance.
B) l could have helped you find the files on these customers, but l didn't know you were having trouble.
C) You were supposed to find the files on all of these customers on your own, but you needed my help when you had trouble. D) Ask me if you require assistance as it is
possible that you won't find all these customers' files easily.
E) You must have had difficulty finding the files on some of these customers, but you should have asked for help.
64. lf you would prefer us not to supply an alarm with the vehicle, we can provide a cheaper price.
A) l'm afraid we cannot supply an alarm with the vehicle at such a cheap price.
B) We would much rather supply an alarm with the vehicle, but this of course increases the price.
C) Would you like us to supply an alarm with the vehicle, which we will be able to include in our price?
D) As you've asked us to supply an alarm with the vehicle, you'll have to pay extra money for that.
E) We can give you a better price if you would rather we didn't supply the vehicle with an alarm.
65. lf we can get a baby–sitter on Saturday, let's go for a meal at that ltalian restaurant by the river.
A) We should have got a baby–sitter on Saturday, so we could have gone for an ltalian meal by the river.
B) Why don't we eat at that ltalian restaurant by the river on Saturday if we can find someone to look after the baby?
C) Shall we ask our baby–sitter to stay up for Saturday night so that we can go to that ltalian restaurant by the river?
D) We needn't have hired someone to look after the baby on Saturday,. as we didn't go to the ltalian restaurant by the river after all. E) We were able to get someone to look afer the baby on Saturday, so we went to the ltalian restaurant by the river.
66. l've just learned from the doctor that Peter has to stay in hospital until they remove his stitches.
A) According to what the doctor has just told me, Peter can only leave the hospital after they have taken his stitches out.
B) The doctor has just informed me that Peter wants to leave the hospital as soon as they have take his stitches out.
C) According to the doctor, they might allow Peter to go home from the hospital when they have taken his stitches out.
D) As far as l know, the doctors ought to have taken his stitches out before they allowed Peter to leave the hospital.
E) l know that Peter has to stay in hospital a little longer because the doctors still haven't taken his stitches out.
67. Rather than buying curtains, why don't we make them ourselves?
A) l would rather buy somu curtains than make my own.
B) Would you rather buy curtains or make them yourself?
C) Let's make our own curtains instead of buying some ready–made ones.
D) l wouldn't mind making our own curtains, if you don't want to buy any.
E) Do you think we can manage to make our own curtains or should we buy them? 68. We used to walk around the shopping centre
for ages doing nothing but window– shopping when we were teenagers.
A) When we were teenagers, we went to the shopping–centre very often but rarely bought anything.
B) lt used to take us hours to decide what to buy at the shopping–centre when we were teenagers.
C) For ages, window–shopping at big centres has always been quite exciting for teenagers.
D) As teenagers, we would spend hours at the shopping–centre just looking in the shop windows.
E) l shouldn't have spent so many hours window–shopping when l was a teenager. 69. lt is impossible for us to give you a further
discount on this price.
A) We can only offer you another small discount on this price, and that's all. B) There is no way we can reduce this price
further.
C) We shouldn't have reduced the price so much
D) Seeing as you can't affort it, we'll have to drop our price.
E) l can assure you that our price is the lowest you will find anywhere.
70. You ought to have asked for the departure times of the trains yesterday.
A) You shouldn't have left home yesterday without knowing the departure times for trains.
B) lt was a mistake on your part not to have found out departure times for trains yesterday.
C) You were supposed to find out the departure times for trains yesterday, not today.
D) You couldn't have learned the departure times for trains yesterday even if you'd tried to.
E) They ought to have told you the train times yesterday when you asked them.
71. He had better hand me his report today, or l'll inform the manager.
A) The manager ought to deal with employees who fail to give me their reports.
B) He was supposed to hand me his report today, but he didn't, so l've told the manager.
C) l had no alternative but to tell the manager because he failed to give me his report again.
D) l would rather not inform the manager, but l think l have to because he won't give me his report today.
E) l'll let the manager know if he fails to give me his report today.
72. Would you mind if l picked you up half an hour later?
A) l won't be able to get there to pick you up for half an hour.
B) Would you pick me up thirty minutes later than usual, if you don't mind?
C) lf that's all right with you, can l pick you up thirty minutes later?
D) Can l collect you in half an hour if that won't make you late for work?
E) Do you want me to pick you up in half an hour?
73. He must have been on his way to class; otherwise, he would have stopped to chat. A) l'm pretty sure he was on his way to his
lesson and couldn't stop to talk.
B) l saw him on his way to his lesson, but he still had time to stop and talk.
C) l saw him going to his lesson, but instead of stopping to chat, he ignored me.
D) lf he had been on his way to class, he wouldn't have stopped for a chat.
E) He is always late for his lessons and never has time to stop to chat.
74. lt's possible that he hurt your feelings unintentionally.
A) You may not have heard him properly. B) He might not have meant to hurt you
feelings.
C) He should have told you about that without hurting your feelings.
D) He couldn't have explained this without hurting your feelings.
E) As far as l can see, he hurt your feelings deeply, though not on purpose.
75. However worthless they may seem to most of us, antique hand–crafted buttons are avidly collected by enthusiasts.
A) ln the opinion of many, collecting antique hand–crafted buttons is a complete waste of time.
B) Most of us may not be aware of the value of hand–crafted buttons; however, enthusiasts spend a fortune on them.
C) lt's surprising how many people are enthusiastically taking up the hobby of hand–crafted antique button collecting. D) Collectors enthusiastically make antique
hand–crafted button collections despite their apparent worthlessness to most of us. E) l think most people would agree that
making a worthwhile collection of hand– crafted buttons takes enthusiasm.
SET 2
1. You ---- the meeting this week if you are too busy. There is going to be another one next week and you ---- to that one.
A) might not attend / would go B) needn’t attend / can go C) can’t attend / have gone D) won’t have attended / go E) didn’t attend / used to go
2. You look as if you are having trouble with your homework. ---- you like me to help you with it? A) Could B) Did C) May D) Would E) Shall
3. I thought that I had my keys with me, but I can’t find them in my coat. I ---- them in my other coat.
A) am supposed to leave B) am able to leave C) would rather have left D) must have left E) could leave
4. I’ve heard that Mr. Benner is the toughest teacher for this course. You ---- to get another teacher, or you can’t get a good mark.
A) had better try B) must have tried C) have tried D) would try E) might have tried
5. You ---- to bed early the night before an exam. A good night’s sleep will do you more good than studying all night and then falling asleep in the exam.
A) will have gone B) may go C) ought to go D) would go E) would rather go
6. Would you mind ---- your music so loudly? I am trying to study. A) not play B) not playing C) didn’t play D) not to play E) haven’t played
7. The former president never ---- to the press, but this one is much more accessible. A) could have talked
B) should be talking C) must have talked D) has to talk E) used to talk
8. Hurray! We ---- to school today because it is snowing so hard.
A) haven’t been going B) shouldn’t have gone C) must not have gone D) don’t have to go E) may not have gone
9. Wilber ---- smoking and eating meat after his heart attack, but he didn’t and now he has had a second one.
A) should have stopped B) must have stopped C) was able to stop D) will have stopped E) used to stop
10. According to the weather report, it ----tomorrow, and if it does, we ---- the hike I’ve been looking forward to.
A) ought to rain / cancelled B) must rain / were able to cancel C) may rain / will have to cancel D) would be raining / had to cancel E) has been raining / must cancel
11. I know you have a lot of work to do, but it is your own fault; you ---- everything until the last minute.
A) can’t have left B) might not leave C) must not have left D) shouldn’t have left E) haven’t been leaving
12. I’d really rather ---- in Hawaii at he moment than stuck behind this desk all day.
A) I am surfing B) to be surfing C) to surf D) have surfed E) be surfing
13. You ---- your plane ticket so far in advance because flights to Birmingham are never full. A) can’t buy
B) needn’t have bought C) didn’t use to buy D) haven’t bought E) couldn’t have bought
14. In Iran and Saudi Arabia, all women ---- their heads outside of the house, but in most Muslim countries it is optional.
A) have to cover B) must have covered C) could be covering D) might cover E) used to cover
15. I ---- a stockbroker if I had wanted to, but I thought life as a bass guitarist in a heavy metal band would be far more interested. A) was able to become
B) may have become C) had become D) could have become E) used to become
16. You ---- more carefully. Now the insurance company won’t pay you anything because the accident was your fault.
A) must have been driving B) should be driving C) had been driving
D) ought to have been driving E) have been driving
17. I’d rather you ---- out tonight because, according to the news, there could be trouble downtown. A) haven’t gone B) not to go C) didn’t go C) won’t go E) not going
18. A friend of mine told me that I ---- India in the summer, because that is the monsoon season, when it is both too hot and too wet. A) didn’t use to visit
B) needn’t visit C) haven’t visited D) might not visit E) shouldn’t visit
19. Hawaii is such an expensive place to live and the wages are so low that you ---- very hard just to get by.
A) are able to work B) have to work C) have worked D) must have worked E) used to work
20. We had better hurry if we want to get back to the hotel before the curfew. No one ---- out after dark, expect for the petrol forces, you know.
A) could have been B) is supposed to be C) has been D) has to be
E) should have been
21. Mike couldn’t attend university because he ---- his family when his father died.
A) had to support B) must have supported C) could be supporting D) has been supporting E) will have supported
22. Petroleum deposits can occur almost anywhere - they ---- under deserts, under fertile land, or even under the sea.
A) ought to be B) may be C) must be D) were
E) should have been
23. Using the latest and most expensive technology, including nuclear batteries, space scientists ---- to the furthest reaches of our solar system now.
A) were probing B) may have probed C) used to probe D) are able to probe E) must have probed
24. Now remember, when you are in the race you ---- to run too fast in the first few laps because you will need plenty of energy for the final sprint.
A) haven’t tried B) shouldn’t have tried C) mustn’t try
D) might not try E) didn’t use to try
25. There are some sounds that are out of the range of the human ear but which dogs ----. A) ought to hear
B) have heard C) can hear D) have to hear E) used to hear
26. My sister ---- a German teacher because her German was fluent, but she decided to become an accountant instead.
A) has become B) had to become C) will become D) could have become E) must have become
27. You ---- me at work. The boss was really angry because he had warned me before about personal calls.
A) must not have phoned B) shouldn’t have phoned C) didn’t phone
D) didn’t use to phone E) can’t have phoned
28. Sally …… Italian like a native, but since she moved to Indiana, she has forgotten most of it.
A) used to speak B) had spoken
C) was supposed to speak D) has been speaking E) must have spoken
29. While there seem to be plenty of unexploited petroleum reserves, some experts worry that there ---- enough to carry us through the next century.
A) may not be B) haven’t been C) didn’t use to be D) don’t have to be E) had better not be
30. Today no one can imagine what a battle at sea was like in the days of sail. It ---- both an impressive and a frightening sight.
A) might be B) could be C) ought to be D) has been E) must have been
31. When we went to Japan, we ---- anything for ourselves because our Japanese hosts took care of everything.
A) must not have done B) needn’t have done C) didn’t need to do D) couldn’t have done E) ought not to do
32. A: I hear a noise coming from the kitchen. B: My greedy brother ---- for something to eat.
A) must be looking B) should have looked C) used to look D) ought to be looking E) has looked
33. A: Did you know that classes were cancelled yesterday because the heating in the building failed?
B: No, but I ---- anyway because I was in bed all day with flu.
A) didn’t use to attend B) won’t be attending C) must not have attended D) haven’t attended E) couldn’t have attended
34. I know I ---- for a job, but there are so few jobs for a person of my abilities that is discouraging.
A) had been looking B) ought to look C) must have looked D) was able to look E) used to look
35. I ---- the same computer program when I worked at a bank, so it ---- easy for me to adjust to this new job.
A) should be using / could be B) used to use / should be C) need to use / would be D) must have used / must be E) might have used / can be
36. He ….… as carefully as he claimed he was. Why did he bump into the lamp post then? A) doesn’t have to drive
B) isn’t supposed to drive C) won’t have been driving D) shouldn’t have driven E) can’t have been driving
37. Would you mind if I ---- early this afternoon? I have a dentist appointment at 4:30.
A) to leave B) had left C) leaving D) left E) have left
38. I’m so glad that I …….… to the meeting place on time yesterday despite the heavy traffic, or the boss would have been really annoyed. A) was able to get
B) have got C) used to get D) should have got E) had to get
39. Sean ---- married three months ago and since then he ---- out drinking with his old friends. A) had got / ought not to go
B) used to get / couldn’t have gone C) got / hasn’t been able to go D) has got / shouldn’t be going E) was getting / didn’t have to go
40. These days, he ---- to stop smoking and playing cards as well because his wife is so strict with him, so his life will have changed completely soon.
A) used to try B) is trying C) tried D) had to try E) could have tried
41. It is hardly surprising that he gets depressed and wonders if he can really ---- married. A) could have got
B) must have got C) used to get D) had better get E) ought to have got
42. Though Sally ---- how to swim, when she met a young man who was a professional diver, she learned quickly.
A) hasn’t known B) might not know C) can’t know D) wouldn’t know E) didn’t know
43. Our father never earned much money, but he ---- something nice for us whenever he ………….
A) should buy / did B) had to buy / does C) would buy / could D) must have bought / can E) would rather buy / has
44. Where have you been? You ---- here at 2 o’clock, and it’s almost 3.
A) must have been B) were supposed to be C) were able to be D) are going to be E) have been
45. I told my flatmate to buy some bread, but he ---- because there isn’t any here.
A) must have forgotten B) ought to be forgetting C) could forget
D) should have forgotten E) was able to forget
46. Sue has only been in Egypt for a year and she already speaks Arabic fluently. She ---- it that quickly. I’m sure she had started studying it before she left England.
A) shouldn’t have learned B) won’t have learned C) can’t have learned D) didn’t use to learn E) isn’t supposed to learn
47. Do you think Jeff ---- to join us on our hike? Does he like this sort of activity?
A) would rather B) was able C) has been able D) had better E) would like
48. Sam is such a good swimmer that he --- the Olympic record for the 100 metre race, but unfortunately he didn’t compete because of a pulled shoulder muscle.
A) is going to break B) must have broken C) could have broken D) is supposed to break E) had to break
49. I wonder what the problem was in the restaurant last night. Three members of staff ---- tables, but there was only one, I must speak to the restaurant manager.
A) could be clearing B) ought to be clearing C) should have been clearing D) must have been clearing E) were clearing
50. Hey, watch where you are going! You ---- me! A) could have killed
B) should have killed C) have killed D) will have killed E) used to kill
51. - 65. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
51. Would you mind if l borrowed your car to take my sick friend to the hospital?
A) Do you think l should drive my friend to the hospital? He seems very ill.
B) Would you give us a lift in your car to the hospital as my friend is very ill?
C) Did you bring your car, because l need to take my sick friend to the hospital?
D) Will you give me your permission to take my sick friend to the hospital in your car? E) Do you think l should borrow a car and take
52. In spite of the many news reports, l am not sure he understands the gravity of what has happened.
A) The news reports have emphasized how serious the situation is, but he does not care at all.
B) Had it not been for the news reports, he would not have realised how serious the situation actually is.
C) Although what has occurred has been in the news a lot, l doubt that he is aware of its seriousness.
D) l feel sure that he would understand the seriousness of the situation if the news reports were more complete.
E) No matter how well the news reports put it across, he is incapable of understanding how serious this is.
53. Private parcel delivery services provide a faster and more secure alternative to postal services around the world, but they are relatively expensive.
A) International postal services are facing stiff competition from private parcel delivery services, so they have lowered their prices in response.
B) Although postal services around the world are cheaper, parcels have a better chance of arriving more quickly and securely through private parcel delivery services. C) While it is more expensive to use local
postal services, privatised parcel delivery services are faster and more secure. D) Private parcel delivery services, with their
faster, more economical and more efficient delivery, are driving postal services out of business all over the world.
E) You can use a normal postal service for your parcels, or alternatively, if you are willing to take a chance and wait a little longer, you can use a private parcel delivery service.
54. He must have changed his phone number because l can't get hold of him.
A) He could have changed his phone number after l last got in touch with him.
B) He had to change his phone number because l couldn't get through to his old one.
C) It is possible that he'll change his phone number, but l won't know for sure until l talk to him.
D) He should have changed his phone number because no one could get in touch with him.
E) l am unable to get in contact with him, so it is highly likely that he has a new phone number.
55. As a student, l used to think that all my teachers wanted me to fail.
A) In spite of being a good student, l did badly because of the attitude of my teachers. B) l was such a bad student that l got used to
thinking that all my teachers wanted me to fail.
C) Though it sometimes seemed that all my teachers wanted me to fail, l knew that it was not true.
D) When l was a student, l held the belief that none of my teachers wanted to see me succeed.
E) During my time as a student l was confident of passing despite the attitude of my teachers.
56. In order to be able to hand your essay in tomorrow, you had better stop making notes now and start typing.
A) Why don't you type your essay directly, without taking notes, if you are to hand it in tomorrow?
B) lf you had wanted to finish your essay in time to hand in, you should have finished your note–taking yesterday.
C) l guess you stopped taking notes and started typing your essay in order to be able to get it ready for tomorrow.
D) It is time to stop note–taking and start typing; otherwise, you won't be able to give your essay in tomorrow.
E) You don't need to stop writing notes and start typing yet as you can explain tomorrow why you haven't finished it.
57. It was not necessary for me to study as hard as l actually did for the exam because it was easier than l expected.
A) l must not have studied as hard as l thought l did because the exam did not seem easy. B) Having hardly studied for the exam, l was
hoping that it would be easier than they usually were.
C) l didn't use to study very hard for my exams because l usually found them so easy.
D) Because l knew the exam was going to be easy, l studied very little for it.
E) The exam was not as difficult as l had anticipated, so l needn't have studied so hard for it.
58. This can't be the house l grew up in because l don't recognise anything.
A) l should have come here to find my home before it changed so much and there were still familiar things.
B) It is not possible that this is the house where l spent my childhood as nothing is familiar to me.
C) As this is the house where l was raised, l am surprised that l recognise so little. D) l am unable to tell if this is my childhood
home or not because so much is unfamiliar. E) l can tell that this used to be my home when l was a child, even though everything is so different now.
59. It was only after he had lived in Egypt for five years that he was able to read the newspapers without much difficulty.
A) Although he had lived in Egypt for five years, he was still unable to decipher the articles in the newspapers.
B) While he could read the newspapers after five years in Egypt, he was still having great difficulty understanding them.
C) In spite of only having lived in Egypt for five years, he was able to read the main headings of the newspapers.
D) He had lived in Egypt for five years before he could understand the newspapers without finding it very difficult.
E) His ability to read the newspapers was impressive for someone who had only lived in Egypt for five years.
60. Going into a house with your shoes on may be acceptable in the West, but it isn't in most of the East.
A) Though Westerners usually enter a house with their shoes on, they are careful not to do so if they are in the East.
B) You should remember when visiting the East that customs like not wearing footwear inside a home are very important.
C) The Western custom of going into a house wearing shoes is unacceptable in the majority of Eastern societies.
D) You should not wear shoes inside a house in some countries no matter how normal it might seem in your own country.
E) Though no one can explain why it is inappropriate to wear shoes inside a house in the East, Westerners should remember not to do it.
61. Let's take a taxi instead of walking home even though it is expensive.
A) l wouldn't mind spending the extra money and going home by taxi although it is a nice walk.
B) Rather than spending the money on a taxi, why don't we walk home instead?
C) lf we had enough money, we wouldn't have to walk home; instead, we could take a taxi. D) In spite of the expense, l would rather we
took a taxi home than walked.
E) Should we take a taxi despite the expense, or should we walk home?
62. It is possible that this will be your last opportunity if you do not do well on the report.
A) l think it is better if you don't get another chance to do a report after the last one. B) You will only get another chance if you
have done your best on this report.
C) As soon as you are better, you will get another chance to do a good report. D) You must have done a good report as you
know that you will never get another chance, if you haven't.
E) You had better do a good job on the report, or you may never get another chance.
63. You can't have written this paper yourself because the English is perfect.
A) You did not write the paper in perfect English because you are not able to. B) The English in this paper is so good that l
know you must have worked hard on it. C) It is not possible for this paper to be your
own work because you are unable to write such flawless English.
D) You must not have worked very hard on this paper, or the English would have been perfect.
E) No one would have thought that you were capable of writing such good English.
64. It must have been a terrific feeling when you heard about your lottery win.
A) I'm sure you felt great upon learning that you were the winner of the lottery.
B) l can imagine how you felt when you learned that you had almost won the lottery. C) l guess your first feeling was fear when you
heard about winning the lottery.
D) You should have felt better about all the money you won from the lottery.
E) You ought to have chosen different numbers if you wanted to win the lottery.
65. You had better wait for the rain to stop before you leave, or you might catch a cold. A) It is so cold and rainy that it would be a
good idea for us not to leave just now. B) It's likely that you'll catch cold in this rain, so
you shouldn't leave until it stops.
C) You will certainly get cold and wet if you go out into this rain.
D) Do you really think it is a good idea to risk catching a chill in this rain?
E) It is too cold to go out and it might rain, so l think you should wait before you leave.
66. – 70. sorularda verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
66. l was relieved to learn that l didn't have to decide immediately, and that they could wait until the end of the week.
A) Hafta sonuna kadar bekleyebileceklerini söyledikleri için hemen karar vermek zo-runda değildim.
B) Hafta sonuna kadar bekleyebilecekleri için hemen karar vermek zorunda olmamak beni çok rahatlattı.
C) Karar vermek için hafta sonuna kadar vak-tim vardı çünkü bir süre bekleyebileceklerini duymuştum.
D) Hemen karar vermek zorunda olmadığımı, hafta sonuna kadar bekleyebileceklerini öğ-renince rahatladım.
E) Hafta sonuna kadar bekleyeceklerini öğ-rendiğimde, hemen karar vermek zorunda olmadığım için rahatladım.
67. Because it is both unknown and inevitable, death has always been a source of wonder and fear.
A) İnsanlar, kaçınılmaz olduğunu bildikleri ölüme karşı her zaman merakla karışık korku duymuşlardır.
B) Her zaman bir korku kaynağı olan ölüm, hem bilinmeyen hem de kaçınılmaz olduğu için hep merak edilmiştir.
C) Hem bilinmeyen hem de kaçınılmaz olduğu için ölüm her zaman bir merak ve korku kaynağı olmuştur.
D) Ölümün her zaman bir merak ve korku kay-nağı olmasının nedeni hem bilinmemesi hem de kaçınılmaz olmasıdır.
E) Bilinmeyen bir şey olduğu için insanların merak ettiği ama aynı zamanda korktuğu ölüm kaçınılmaz bir olaydır.
68. By the end of the first nine months, most babies will be able to sit without support and balance well enough to play as they sit. A) Dokuzuncu ayın sonunda bebekler, destek
olmaksızın denge sağlayabilir ve oturarak oyun oynayabilirler.
B) İlk dokuz ayın sonunda bebek desteksiz oturabiliyorsa, oturarak oyun oynamasını sağlayacak dengeyi de kurabilir.
C) Dokuzuncu ayın sonunda, oturarak oyun oynayabilecek kadar denge sağlayabilen çoğu bebek desteksiz oturabilir.
D) Bebeklerin çoğu ancak dokuzuncu aydan sonra desteksiz oturmayı ve otururken oyun oynayacak kadar denge sağlamayı becerir. E) İlk dokuz ayın sonunda çoğu bebek,
des-teksiz oturabilir ve otururken oyun oynayacak kadar denge sağlayabilir.
69. Pregnant women should avoid cigarettes and alcoholic beverages since these substances may harm the baby.
A) Hamile kadınlar sigara ve alkollü içecekler-den kaçınmalıdırlar çünkü bu maddeler be-beğe zarar verebilir.
B) Mademki sigara ve alkollü içecekler bebeğe zarar verebiliyor hamile kadınların bu maddelerden uzak durmalıdır.
C) Hamile kadınların sigara ve alkollü içecek-lerden kaçınmasının nedeni bu maddelerin bebeğe zarar verme olasılığıdır.
D) Sigara ve alkollü içecekler bebeğe zarar ve-rebileceğinden hamile kadınlar için bu mad-deler sakıncalıdır.
E) Hamile kadınların kaçınması gereken sigara ve alkollü içecekler, ileride bebeğe zarar verebilir.
70. Accidents and suicides are the leading causes of deaths among youths and frequently are the result of alcohol and drug use.
A) Çoğunlukla alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanımının sonucu meydana gelen kaza ve intiharlar, gençler arasında en yaygın ölüm nedenleridir.
B) Kaza ve intihar, gençler arasında önde gelen ölüm nedenleridir ve çoğunlukla da alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanımının sonucudur.
C) Kaza ve intihar, gençler arasında alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığı sonucu meydana ge-len ve çoğunlukla ölümle sonuçlanan olay-lardır.
D) Çoğunlukla gençler arasında başlıca ölüm nedeni olan kaza ve intihar olayları, alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanımının yaygınlaşmasının sonuçlarıdır.
E) Gençler arasında kaza ve intihar sonucu ölüm olaylarının çok yaygın olmasının baş-lıca nedeni alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığıdır.
71. – 75. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
71. Kızkardeşinin düğünü için aldığı elbise son moda olabilir ama ona hiç yakışmamış. A) The fashionable dress she has bought to
wear to her sister's wedding doesn't suit her at all.
B) l don't think the dress she bought for her sister's wedding suits her at all, but at least it is the latest fashion.
C) The dress she bought for her sister's wedding may be the last fashion, but it didn't suit her at all.
D) Not only does the dress she bought for her sister's wedding suit her, but it is also highly fashionable.
E) Her sister's wedding dress was the latest fashion, but l didn't think it really suited her.
72. Babamı, daha büyük bir eve taşınmamız konusunda ikna etmek için çok fazla uğraşmam gerekmedi; çünkü o da bir süredir aynı şeyi düşünüyormuş.
A) Persuading my father about moving to a larger home was easy as he had also been thinking it might be a good idea.
B) l realised that l needn't have tried so hard to persuade my father to move into a bigger house as he had had the same idea some time ago.
C) l had been trying to persuade my father for some time to move to a larger house when he finally agreed to this idea.
D) l didn't need to try hard to persuade my father about moving to a bigger house as he'd been thinking about the same thing for some time.
E) My father had been considering moving to a bigger house for some time anyway, so he didn't need much persuasion from me.
73. Eskiden insanlar modern çağın pek çok nimetlerinden yoksundular; ama bence günümüz insanından çok daha umutluydular. A) l believe that people in the past, even though they didn't have the benefits of modern times, were in general happier than today's people.
B) In the past, people lived without many modern comforts, but in my opinion, they were even happier than most people today are.
C) The modern age has brought people many benefits yet, my opinion is that we are not happier than people in the past were. D) Even through people in the past lacked
many benefits of modern society, l believe that they were just as happy as today's people are.
E) In the past, people used to lack many benefits of the modern age, but in my opinion, they were a lot happier than today's people.
74. Kitabı okumuş olamazsın; çünkü kitabın ne hakkında olduğu konusunda bile hiçbir fikrin yok.
A) You could have read the book just in order to understand what it is about.
B) lf you had read the book, you would have some idea what it is about.
C) You don't even know what the book is about, so it is clear that you haven't read it. D) You can't have read the book as you don't
even have an idea what it is about.
E) You clearly haven't read the book properly; otherwise you would have some idea what it is about.
75. Kompozisyon yazarken konudan uzak-laşmamaya özellikle dikkat etmelisiniz. A) When you write a composition, you must
remember to keep to the main point. B) It is very important not to wander from the
point when you write a composition. C) You must pay special attention not to
wander from the point when you write a compositions.
D) It is best to focus on one main point in written composition.
E) Special attention should be made not to stray from the point in written compositions.
