飲食型態與母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅金屬元素濃度之關係研究
本研究係調查大台北地區及鹿港地區哺乳婦女乳汁中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅等金屬
分布概況，瞭解婦女飲食、生活型態差異與母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅等金屬之
關係，最後評估嬰兒飲用母乳產生之重金屬暴露情形，並檢測是否超過國際
安全標準。
分析結果發現，大台北地區產婦產後第一週母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅平均濃度
分別為： 9.35±3.87 μg/L, 1.06±0.48 μg/L, 0.87±0.26 mg/L 及 3.16±0.99 mg/L ，
鹿港地區則為： 11.60±2.47 μg/L, 2.18±0.42 μg/L, 1.04±0.27 mg/L 及 4.09±0.28
mg/L 。此外分析顯示，貝類攝取頻率較高者，乳中鎘、鋅濃度偏高；乳中銅
含量較高者，中藥攝取頻率高於其他產婦；營養補充劑的攝取，也會影響乳
中鋅濃度的分布狀況。對純飲用母乳的嬰兒而言，大台北地區及鹿港地區產
婦乳中雖含金屬鉛，嬰兒 人每日攝取量卻未超過安全標準值（毎 3.57μg/Kg/d
ay ），然而鹿港地區 0~8 週的嬰兒每日鎘攝取量皆高於 0.14μg/Kg/day ，長期
飲用恐對嬰兒產生生理性危害；全體嬰兒產後一至七週內每日銅攝取量介於
0.86~0.49 mg/day 之間，已超過每日最低建議攝取量（ 0.2 mg/day ），但大台
北地區及鹿港地區嬰兒每日鋅攝取量分別自產後第五及第六週開始明顯不足
（ <2.0 mg/day ）。因此可鼓勵純哺餵母乳的母親，哺乳期間多攝取牛肉、雞
肉、肝臟類、麥芽籽、全麥榖類等食物或是每日服用綜合維他命，確保嬰兒
能經由攝取母乳獲得充足的營養。
Relationship between Dietary Characters and Concentrations of Lead,
Cadmium, Copper and Zinc in Breast Milk
In this study, samples were collected from mothers who lived in Taipei and Lukan, and survey ed the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in breast milk. Excluding investigated relationship s between dietary characters, life styles and concentrations of heavy metals in milk, we also as sessed the metal exposure of infants from breast-feeding.
Results showed that mothers who lived in Taipei had average concentrations of Pb 9.35±3.87
μg/L, Cd 1.06±0.48 μg/L, Cu 0.87±0.26 mg/L and Zn 3.16±0.99 mg/L in human milk during t
he first week after selivary. Women who lived in Lukan had average concentration of Pb 11.6
0±2.47 μg/L, Cd 2.18±0.42 μg/L, Cu 1.04±0.27 mg/L and Zn 4.09±0.28 mg/L in the first wee
k's human milk. According to our analyses, mothers who had higher shellfish consumpt
ion frequency, Cd and Zn concentrations in breast milk were also higher than others. Mothers
who had higher Cu concentration in human milk also had higher Chinese herbal medicine con
sumptions. Consumption of Nutritional supplements would influence the Zn concentration in
breast milk. Although Pb existed in all milk samples, but they were not exceeding the safety li
mitation (3.57μg/Kg/day, FAO/WHO). However, eight months old Infants who lived in Lukan
still had higher Cd exposures (>0.14μg/Kg/day, FAO/WHO) and they could damage the infant
s' health. All infants' Cu consumptions ranged from 0.86 mg/day to 0.49 mg/day,
but consumptions of Zn were not enough (<2.0 mg/day). It should be suggested that mothers
who fed their infants by mother's milk could consume more beef, chicken, viscera, malt
, cereal and Nutritional supplements during lactation, so that their infants would intake enough
essential elements from breast milk.
