飲食型態與母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅金屬元素濃度之關係研究 Relationship between Dietary Characters and Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc in Breast Milk
中文摘要
本研究係調查大台北地區及鹿港地區哺乳婦女乳汁中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅等金屬分布 概況，瞭解婦女飲食、生活型態差異與母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅等金屬之關係，最後 評估嬰兒飲用母乳產生之重金屬暴露情形，並檢測是否超過國際安全標準。
分析結果發現，大台北地區產婦產後第一週母乳中鉛、鎘、銅、鋅平均濃度分別 為：9.35±3.87 μg/L, 1.06±0.48 μg/L, 0.87±0.26 mg/L 及 3.16±0.99 mg/L，鹿港地 區則為：11.60±2.47 μg/L, 2.18±0.42 μg/L, 1.04±0.27 mg/L 及 4.09±0.28 mg/L。此 外分析顯示，貝類攝取頻率較高者，乳中鎘、鋅濃度偏高；乳中銅含量較高者，
中藥攝取頻率高於其他產婦；營養補充劑的攝取，也會影響乳中鋅濃度的分布 狀況。對純飲用母乳的嬰兒而言，大台北地區及鹿港地區產婦乳中雖含金屬鉛，
嬰兒 人每日攝取量卻未超過安全標準值（毎 3.57μg/Kg/day），然而鹿港地區 0~8 週的嬰兒每日鎘攝取量皆高於 0.14μg/Kg/day，長期飲用恐對嬰兒產生生理 性危害；全體嬰兒產後一至七週內每日銅攝取量介於0.86~0.49 mg/day 之間，
已超過每日最低建議攝取量（0.2 mg/day），但大台北地區及鹿港地區嬰兒每日 鋅攝取量分別自產後第五及第六週開始明顯不足（<2.0 mg/day）。因此可鼓勵 純哺餵母乳的母親，哺乳期間多攝取牛肉、雞肉、肝臟類、麥芽籽、全麥榖類等食 物或是每日服用綜合維他命，確保嬰兒能經由攝取母乳獲得充足的營養。
英文摘要
In this study, samples were collected from mothers who lived in Taipei and Lukan, and surveyed the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in breast milk. Excluding investigated relationships between dietary characters, life styles and concentrations of heavy metals in milk, we also assessed the metal exposure of infants from breast- feeding.
Results showed that mothers who lived in Taipei had average concentrations of Pb 9.35±3.87 μg/L, Cd 1.06±0.48 μg/L, Cu 0.87±0.26 mg/L and Zn 3.16±0.99 mg/L in human milk during the first week after selivary. Women who lived in Lukan had average concentration of Pb 11.60±2.47 μg/L, Cd 2.18±0.42 μg/L, Cu 1.04±0.27 mg/L and Zn 4.09±0.28 mg/L in the first week's human milk. According to our analyses, mothers who had higher shellfish consumption frequency, Cd and Zn concentrations in breast milk were also higher than others. Mothers who had higher Cu concentration in human milk also had higher Chinese herbal medicine
consumptions. Consumption of Nutritional supplements would influence the Zn concentration in breast milk. Although Pb existed in all milk samples, but they were
not exceeding the safety limitation (3.57μg/Kg/day, FAO/WHO). However, eight months old Infants who lived in Lukan still had higher Cd exposures
(>0.14μg/Kg/day, FAO/WHO) and they could damage the infants' health. All infants' Cu consumptions ranged from 0.86 mg/day to 0.49 mg/day, but consumptions of Zn were not enough (<2.0 mg/day). It should be suggested that mothers who fed their infants by mother's milk could consume more beef, chicken, viscera, malt, cereal and Nutritional supplements during lactation, so that their infants would intake enough essential elements from breast milk.
