Silis dumanı katkılı betonlarda polipropilen lif kullanımının beton özelliklerine etkilerinin araştırılması
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(2)
(3) g16g=. <NVHNOLVDQVWH]SURJUDPÕPÕQ\UWOPHVLHVQDVÕQGDoDOÕúPDODUÕPD\|QYHUHQELOJL YH \DUGÕPODUÕQÕ HVLUJHPH\HQ GDQÕúPDQ KRFDP VD\ÕQ 'Ro 'U 0HKPHW 6$5,%,<,.¶D <NVHN OLVDQV WH] oDOÕúPDP HVQDVÕQGD GHQH\VHO oDOÕúPDODUÕQ \UWOPHVLQGH NDWNÕODUÕQÕ HVLUJHPH\HQ GH÷HUOL EDEDP <UG 'Ro 'U 0DQVXU 6h0(5¶H YH EDQD PDGGL YH PDQHYL KHU WUO GHVWH÷L YHUHQ $LOHPH VRQVX] WHúHNNUOHULPLVXQDUÕP. %HWO6h0(5 +$=ø5$1 2012. ii.
(4) ødø1'(.ø/(5. g16g= ........................................................................................................................ ii ødø1'(.ø/(5 ........................................................................................................... iii ù(.ø//(5 /ø67(6ø .................................................................................................. vi TABLOLAR /ø67(6ø ............................................................................................... vii g=(7........................................................................................................................... ix SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. x %g/h0 *ø5øù .......................................................................................................................... 1 %g/h0 %(721.$7.,0$''(/(5ø .................................................................................. 4 .DWNÕ0DGGHOHULQLQ7DQÕPÕ ............................................................................... 4 .DWNÕ0DGGHOHULQLQ%HWRQg]HOOLNOHULQH(WNLOHUL .............................................. 5 6HJUHJDV\RQ $\UÕúPD
(5) .............................................................................. 6 øúOHQHELOPH ................................................................................................. 6 .ÕYDP ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4. d|NPHGH÷HUL ............................................................................................. 7 6XLKWL\DFÕ................................................................................................... 7 3UL]DOPDYHSUL]VUHVL .............................................................................. 8 2.2.7. Terleme ...................................................................................................... 8 %HWRQGD\DQÕPÕ .......................................................................................... 9 %HWRQXQGD\DQÕPND]DQPDKÕ]Õ ................................................................. 9 'D\DQÕNOÕOÕN .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.11. Ekonomiklik ............................................................................................. 9 .DWNÕ0DGGHOHULQLQ8\JXODPD(VDVODUÕ .......................................................... 10 .LP\DVDO.DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL .............................................................................. 13 iii.
(6) 2.4.1. Su-D]DOWÕFÕNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL DNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕODU
(7) ....................................... 14 2.4.2. Priz-JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL ................................................................ 22 2.4.3. Priz-KÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL .............................................................. 24 +DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL ............................................................. 26 2.5. MLQHUDO.DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL ................................................................................. 32 3X]RODQLNPDO]HPHOHUKDNNÕQGDJHQHODoÕNODPDODU ................................. 33 'R÷DOSX]RODQODU ...................................................................................... 35 2.5.3. Yapay puzolanlar ..................................................................................... 36 %g/h0 6ø/ø6'80$1/,.$7KILI BETONLAR ............................................................... 39 6LOLV'XPDQÕ .................................................................................................... 39 6LOLV'XPDQÕQÕQ)L]LNVHOg]HOOLNOHUL ............................................................... 39 3.2.1. Renk ......................................................................................................... 39 øQFHOLN ....................................................................................................... 40 g]JOD÷ÕUOÕN............................................................................................. 40 *HYúHNELULPD÷ÕUOÕN ................................................................................. 40 6XLKWL\DFÕYHSX]RODQLNDNWLYLWH .............................................................. 41 6LOLV'XPDQÕQ.LP\DVDOg]HOOLNOHULYH.RPSR]LV\RQX ................................. 42 6LOLV'XPDQÕQÕQ%HWRQg]HOOLNOHULQH(WNLOHUL ................................................. 43 3.4.1. Taze beton |]HOOLNOHUL]HULQHHWNLVL......................................................... 43 6HUWOHúPLúEHWRQ|]HOOLNOHUL]HULQHHWNLVL................................................ 46 6LOLV'XPDQÕ.RQXVXQGD6WDQGDUWODU .............................................................. 48 %g/h0 BETONDA Lø)/(5ø1.8//$1,0, ...................................................................... 49 4.1. LiIOHU+DNNÕQGD*HQHO%ilgiler ....................................................................... 49 4.2. Polimer LiI.DWNÕOÕ6DKD%HWRQODUÕ ................................................................. 50 4.2.1. 3ROLPHUOLIOHULQ\DSÕVÕYH|]HOOLNOHUL ......................................................... 50 3ROLPHUOLIOLVDKDEHWRQODUÕQÕQ|]HOOLNOHUL ................................................. 51 3ROLSURSLOHQ/LI.DWNÕOÕ%HWRQODU .................................................................... 53 4.3.1. Polipropilen lif ......................................................................................... 53 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOHULQVÕQÕIODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ ....................................................... 54 iv.
(8) 4.3.3. Polipropilen liflerin SHUIRUPDQVODUÕ.......................................................... 55 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOHULQEHWRQDNDWÕOÕúÕYHNXOODQÕPRUDQODUÕ ......................... 56 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOLEHWRQXQWHNQLN|]HOOLNOHUL ............................................. 57 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOHULQNXOODQÕPDODQODUÕ ...................................................... 58 %g/h0 SAHA BETONLARI ............................................................................................... 63 6DKD%HWRQODUÕ+DNNÕQGDGenel Bilgiler .......................................................... 63 6DKD%HWRQODUÕQGD.DUúÕODúÕODQ6RUXQODUYHd|]POHUi .................................. 65 %g/h0 '(1(<6(/d$/,ù0$/$5 .................................................................................... 67 'HQH\VHOdDOÕúPDQÕQ$PDFÕ ........................................................................... 67 'HQH\GH.XOODQÕODQ0DO]HPHOHU..................................................................... 67 6.2.1. Agrega ...................................................................................................... 67 3RUWODQGoLPHQWRVX ................................................................................... 68 .LP\DVDONDWNÕ ........................................................................................ 69 6.2.4. Polipropilen lif ......................................................................................... 69 6LOLVGXPDQÕ .............................................................................................. 70 %HWRQ.DUÕúÕP2UDQODUÕ ................................................................................... 71 'HQH\6RQXoODUÕQÕQøUGHOHQPHVL ..................................................................... 72 6RQXoYH'H÷HUOHQGLUPH ................................................................................ 83. KAYNAKLAR .......................................................................................................... 86 g=*(d0øù ............................................................................................................... 89. v.
(9) ù(.ø//(5/ø67(6ø. ùHNLO. Segragasyona X÷UDPÕúNRORQ««««««. 6. ùHNLO.. .LP\DVDONDWNÕPDGGHOHUL«««««««««««««««. 13. ùHNLO.. +DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL««««««««««««. 17. ùHNLO.. 0LQHUDONDWNÕPDGGHOHUL««««««««««««««««. 32. ùHNLO.. $JUHJDODUÕQJUDQORPHWULH÷ULVL«««««««««««««. 68. ùHNLO.. FP¶OLNNSQXPXQHOHUL«««««««««««««««. 72. ùHNLO.. [[FP¶OLNSODNQXPXQHOHUL«««««««««««« 72. ùHNLO.. /LIVL]NLULúH÷LOPHGHQH\L««««««««««««««« 76. ùHNLO. /LIOLNLULúH÷LOPHGHQH\L«««««««««««««««« 77. ùHNLO. ('HYDP
(10) /LIOLNLULúH÷LOPHGHQH\L««««««««««««. 78. ùHNLO.. 'HYDP
(11) /LIOLNLULúH÷LOPHGHQH\L««««««««««««. 79. ùHNLO.. %DVÕQoGD\DQÕPODUÕQÕQGH÷LúLPL«««««««««««««. 80. ùHNLO.. %HWRQODUGDVXHPPHRUDQODUÕQÕQGH÷LúLPL«««««««««. 81. ùHNLO.. (÷LOPHGD\DQÕPODUÕQÕQGH÷LúLPL«««««««««««««. 82. ùHNLO.. %DVÕQoVXHPPHYHH÷LOPHGD\DQÕPODUÕQÕQGH÷LúLPL«««««. 83. vi.
(12) 7$%/2/$5/ø67(6ø. Tablo 2.1.. 6XD]DOWÕFÕDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLW NÕYDPGD
(13) «. Tablo 2.2.. <NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN |]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDP
(14) «««««««««««««««««. Tablo 2.3.. 15. 16. <NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN |]HOOLNOHU HúLWVXoLPHQWRRUDQGD
(15) ««««««««««««. 16. Tablo 2.4.. 6XWXWXFXNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(16) «««««. 17. Tablo 2.5.. +DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(17) ««« 18. Tablo 2.6.. 6HUWOHúPH\LKÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(18). Tablo 2.7.. 6XJHoLULPVL]OLNNDWNÕODUÕLoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGDYH\D HúLW6dRUDQÕQGD
(19) a««««««««««««««««««. Tablo 2.8.. 20. 3UL]JHFLNWLULFL\NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUSOkVWLNOHúWLULFL NDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(20) ««««««««««. Tablo 2.10.. 19. 3UL] JHFLNWLULFL VX D]DOWÕFÕ SOkVWLNOHúWLULFL NDWNÕODU LoLQ HN |]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(21) ««««««««««««««««. Tablo 2.9.. 18. 21. 3UL]JHFLNWLULFL\NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUSOkVWLNOHúWLULFL NDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLW6dRUDQÕQGD
(22) ««««««««. 21. Tablo 2.11.. 3UL]JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(23) ««« 23. Tablo 2.12.. 3UL]KÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(24) «««. Tablo 2.13.. %HWRQXQ \HWHUOL GRQ GD\DQÕNOÕOÕ÷ÕQD VDKLS RODELOPHVL LoLQ Amerikan EHWRQHQVWLWVWDUDIÕQGDQ|QHULOHQKDYDPLNWDUODUÕ«. 25. 31. Tablo 2.14.. %D]ÕGR÷DOSX]RODQODUGDNLRNVLWOHULQPLNWDUÕ 36. Tablo 3.1.. 6LOLV GXPDQÕQÕQ SX]RODQLN DNWLYLWHVLQLQ YH VX LKWL\DFÕQÕQ XoXFX. Tablo 3.2.. NOYHGR÷DOSX]RODQ LOHNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ«««««««««. 41. 6LOLVGXPDQÕQÕQNLP\DVDONRPSR]LV\RQX RODUDN
(25) «««««. 42. vii.
(26) Tablo 4.1.. 3ROLPHUOLIOHULQIL]LNVHO|]HOOLNOHUL«««««««««««« 50. Tablo 4.2.. 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOHULQWHNQLN|]HOOLNOHUL««««««««««« 55. Tablo 4.3.. 3ROLSURSLOHQOLINXOODQÕPGR]DMODUÕ««««««««««««. Tablo 5.1. 3ODNKDUHNHWOHULQLQROXúWX÷XWLSLNG|QHPOHU«««««««« 64. Tablo 6.1.. $JUHJDODUÕQJUDQORPHWULGHQH\VRQXoODUÕYH|]JOD÷ÕUOÕNODUÕ« 68. Tablo 6.2.. dLPHQWRQXQg]HOLNOHUL«««««««««««««««« 69. Tablo 6.3.. 3ROLSURSLOHQOLIOHULQ|]HOLNOHUL«««««««««««««« 70. Tablo 6.4.. 6LOLVGXPDQÕQÕQ|]HOLNOHUL««««««««««««««« 70. Tablo 6.5.. 1 m3¶HJLUHQPDO]HPHPLNWDUODUÕYHEHWRQNRGODPDODUÕ«««« 71. Tablo 6.6.. %HWRQEDVÕQoGD\DQÕPODUÕ««««««««««««««« 73. Tablo 6.7.. %HWRQODUÕQVXHPPHGH÷HUOHUL«««««««««««««« 74. Tablo 6.8.. %HWRQODUÕQH÷LOPHGHQH\LVRQXoODU«««««««««««« 75. viii. 57.
(27) g=(7. Anahtar Kelimeler: %HWRQWHNQRORMLVL(QGVWUL\HO$WÕN6LOLV'XPDQÕ, Polipropilen Lif %HWRQODUÕQ ED]Õ |]HOOLNOHULQL L\LOHúWLUPHN LoLQ oHúLWOL PLQHUDO NDWNÕODU YH OLIler NDWÕOPDNWDGÕU.XOODQÕODQPLQHUDONDWNÕODUGDQELULGHVLOLVGXPDQÕGÕUBetona optimum PLNWDUGD VLOLV GXPDQÕ HNOHQPHVL KLGUDWDV\RQ ÕVÕVÕQÕ GúUPHVL \ksek hedef GD\DQÕPÕ YH GúN SHUPHDELOLWH VD÷ODPDVÕ DONDOL VLOLND UHDNVL\RQXQX YH Vlfat etkisini NRQWURODOWÕQDDOPDVÕ JLELELUoRN\DUDUODUVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU6LOLVGXPDQÕNDWNÕVÕ agrega-oLPHQWR DUD \]H\ E|OJHVLQL VÕNÕODúWÕUDUDN GDKD ERúOXNVX] YH GDKD PXNDYHPHWL \NVHN EHWRQODU HOGH HGLOPHVLQL VD÷ODU %XQD NDUúÕQ VLOLV GXPDQÕQÕn LúOHQHELOLUOL÷L GúUPHVL JLEL ROXPVX] HWNLOHUL GH YDUGÕU %HWRQGDNL RSWLPXP VLOLV GXPDQÕ PLNWDUÕ EX HWNLOHULQ J|UHFHOL GH÷HUOHULQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN EHOLUOHQLU YH oimento, DJUHJDDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕWLSYHPLNWDUODUÕLOHEDNÕPNRúXOODUÕ JLELIDNW|UOHUGHQGH etkilenir. 6LOLVGXPDQÕQÕQROXPVX]\|QOHULQLL\LOHúWLUPHNLoLQSROLPHUOLINXOODQÕODELOLUPolimer OLIOHUGHQEHWRQDNDWÕODQYHHQL\LVRQXFXYHUHQYHHQ\D\JÕQNXOODQÕODQÕSROLSURSLOHQ OLIOHUGLU3ROLSURSLOHQOLIEHWRQXQLoLQGHoER\XWOXELUPLNURGRQDWÕD÷ROXúWXUDrak, EHWRQGD GR÷DO RODUDN YDUOÕ÷Õ NDEXOOHQLOHQ HNVLNOLN YH ]DDIODUÕ D]DOWÕS EHWRQXQ ED]Õ |]HOOLNOHULQL L\LOHúWLUHELOLUOHU %X oDOÕúPDGD HQGVWUL\HO ELU DWÕN PDO]HPH RODQ VLOLV GXPDQÕQÕQVDKDEHWRQXQGDNXOODQÕPÕQÕQEHWRQ|]HOOLNOHUL]HULQHHWNLOHULLQFHOHQPLú ve VLOLV GXPDQÕQÕQ EHWRQ ]HULQGHNL ED]Õ ROXPVX] HWNLOHULQL L\LOHúWLUPHN LoLQ SROLSURSLOHQOLINDWÕODUDNEHWRQ|]HOOLNOHUL]HULQGHNLHWNLOHULDUDúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU. ix.
(28) SUMMARY. Keywords:. Concrete Technology, Industrial Waste, Silica Fume, Polypropylene. Fiber Concretes with mineral admixtures and fibers, participates in a variety of facilities to improve some. One of the contributions of Silica Fume on mineral. The optimum amount of heat of hydration to reduce the addition of silica fume concrete, high strength and low permeability to provide the target, the effect of alkali-silica reaction and sulfate provides many benefits like getting under control. Firming the contribution of silica fume, aggregate-cement paste interfacial zone of high strength concrete will result in more and more spaces. However, there are also negative effects, such as silica fume to reduce workability. The optimum amount of silica fume in concrete due to these effects is determined by the relative values of the cement, aggregates, plasticizer additives are also affected by factors such as type and quantity with the maintenance requirements. Polymer fiber can be used to improve the negative aspects of silica fume. Polymer fibers participating in the concrete and resulting in the best and the most commonly used polypropylene fibers. Polypropylene fiber reinforcement in the concrete threedimensional network by creating a micro, deficiencies and weaknesses in concrete kabullenilen reduce the presence of naturally heal some of the features of the concrete. In this study, the use of an industrial waste material The concretes with silica fume concrete on the properties of the field were investigated and some negative effects on concrete with silica fume concrete to improve the properties of polypropylene fiber on joining were investigated.. x.
(29) %g/h0*ø5øù. *QP]GHDUWDQQIXVLOHELUOLNWHWRSOX\DúDPDODQODUÕQÕQJHQLúlemesi; buna ba÷OÕ olarak RUWD\D oÕNDQ EDUÕQPD VD÷OÕN e÷LWLP ulaúÕP JLEL LKWL\DoODUÕQ WHPLQL JHUHNLU %X LKWL\DoODUÕQ JLGHULOPHVL LoLQ NRQXW hastane, okul, baraj, yol, iú yerleri vs. inúD edilmesi gerekmektedir %X DúDPDGD EHWRQ X\JXODPD NROD\OÕ÷Õ sa÷ODPOÕ÷Õ YH QLVSHWHQXFX]ROPDVÕ QHGHQL\OHYD]JHoLOPH]ELU \DSÕPDO]HPHVLGLU*QP]GHHQ oRNNXOODQÕODQ\DSÕPDO]HPHVLRODQEHWRQ DJUHJDoLPHQWRVXYHJHUHNWL÷LQGHED]Õ NDWNÕPDGGHOHULQLQELUOLNWHNDUÕOPDVÕ\ODHOGHHGLOHQELU\DSÕPDO]HPHVLGLU %HWRQXQoRNNXOODQÕODQELU\DSÕPDO]HPHVLROPDVÕQÕQEDúOÕFDQHGHQOHULDúDJÕGDNLJLEL VÕQÕIODQGÕUÕODELOLU 1. 7DVDUÕPODUÕX\JXODPDNROD\OÕ÷Õ 2. 'D\DQÕPÕQÕQ\NVHNROPDVÕ 3. UcX]YHELOHúHQOHULQLQWHPLQLQLQNROD\ROPDVÕ 4. dHYUHúDUWODUÕQDGD\DQÕNOÕROPDVÕ 5. hUHWLPLQLQGL÷HU\DSÕPDO]HPHOHULQHJ|UHGDKDD]HQHUMLJHUHNWLUPHVL 6RQ \ÕOODUGD \DSÕODQ GHQH\VHO DUDúWÕUPDODU VRQXFXQGD EHWRQGD oDWODPDODUÕQ PHNDQL]PDODUÕ E\N RUDQGD DQODúÕOPÕú YH oHVLWOL o|]POHU JHOLútirilmiútir. d|]POHUGHQ ELUL GH oRN HVNL ELU X\JXODPD RODQ OLI NXOODQÕPÕ ROPXúWXU. Eski GHYLUOHUGH PLPDU YH PKHQGLVOHU \DSÕODUÕQÕ ]DPDQÕQ WDKULS HGLFL HWNLOHULQH NDUúÕ NRUXPDN LoLQ VDPDQ KD\YDQ NÕOODUÕ YE do÷DO OLIOHUL NXOODQDUDN PDNUR GRQDWÕ tekni÷LQL X\JXODPÕúODUGÕU hONHPL]GH EXQXQOD LOJLOL en eski uygulamaya Troia ND]ÕODUÕ VÕUDVÕQGD UDVWODQPÕúWÕU YH 0g \ÕOODUÕQD DLW ROGX÷X VDSWDQPÕúWÕU 2 E|OJHGH \Dúayan insanlar piúmiú tu÷OD LOH \DSÕODQ |UPH GXYDU ]HULQGHNL VÕYDODUGD VDPDQ o|S YH NHoL NÕOÕ NXOODQDUDN PLNUR GRQDWÕ WHNQRORMLVLQLQ LON |UQHNOHULQL JHUoHNOHútirmiúOHUGLU..
(30) 2. DolayÕVÕ LOH \DSÕ PDO]HPHOHUL LoHULVLQGH OLI NXOODQÕPÕ DQWLN G|QHPOHUGHQ EHUL VUHJHOHQ ELU X\JXODPD QLWHOL÷indedir. øON |UQHNOHULQL NHUSLo LoHULVLQGH VDPDQ NXOODQÕPÕ\ODJ|UOHQOLINXOODQÕPÕ JQP]GHoHOLNOLIWDNYL\HOLEHWRQ FDP HO\DIOÕ beton, SROLSURSLOHQOLIOLEHWRQJLELX\JXODPDODUODoHVLWOLOLNYHLúlevsellik ND]DQPÕúWÕU %X NRQXGD \DSÕODQ LON |QHPOL oDOÕúPD \ÕOÕQGD FDP OLIL NXOODQÕODUDN UHWLOHQ EHWRQODUÕQ PHNDQLN |]HOOLNOHULQLQ DUDúWÕUÕOPDVÕGÕr. Sentetik liflerin elastisite PRGOOHULQLQEHWRQXQNLQGHQGDKDGVNROPDVÕQHGHQL\OHEXWUPDO]HPHOHUEHWRQXQ PHNDQLN|]HOOLNOHULQLID]ODHWNLOHPHPHNWHGLU. %HWRQXQ LoHULVLQGHNL VX\XQ IL]LNVHO YHYH\D NLP\DVDO QHGHQOHUOH D]DOPDVÕ VRQXFX KDFLPVHOE]OPHPH\GDQDJHOPHNWHGLU%HWRQPDWULNVLLoHULVLQGHIDUNOÕJHULOPHOHULQ YH GHIRUPDV\RQODUÕQ ROXúPDVÕQD YH QLKD\HWLQGH PLNUR oDWODNODUÕQ ROXúPDVÕQD VHEHEL\HW YHUHQ EX ROD\ LOHULNL \DVODUGD oHVLWOL IL]Lksel ve kimyasal nedenlerle oDWODNODUÕQ JHQLúlemesini,. EDúODQJÕoWD JHoLULPOLOL÷L GúN RODQ EHWRQODUÕQ. JHoLULPOLOL÷inin erken yaúODUGDDUWPDVÕQD\RODoPDNWDGÕU. Ba÷OD\ÕFÕoLPHQWRKDPXUXQXQoHVLWOLER\XWODUGDNLDJUHJDGDQHOHULQLELUDUDGDWXWDUDN meydana getiren malzeme olan betonda, gerek taze durumdayken oluúDQ E]OPH (plastik. E]OPH
(31) JHUHNVH VHUWOHúmemiú. durumdayken. oluúDQ E]OPHOHU. KLGUDWDV\RQ E]OPHVL karbonatlaúPD E]OPHVL NXUXPD E]OPHVL
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(50) 10. $\UÕFD EHWRQXQ ELU DQ |QFH \HWHUOL GD\DQÕPÕ ND]DQPDVÕ VRQXQGD NDOÕSODUÕQ GDKD HUNHQ V|NOHUHN ELU EDúND Lú LoLQ NXOODQÕOPD\D X\JXQ GXUXPD JHWLULOPHVL LúOHQHELOPHVL L\L RODQ EHWRQOD LúoLOHULQ GDKD D] ]DKPHWOH GDKD UDQGÕPDQOÕ oDOÕúDELOPHOHULYHEHQ]HULROD\ODUEHWRQXGDKDHNRQRPLNNÕOPDNWDGÕU .DWNÕ0DGGHOHULQLQ8\JXODPD(VDVODUÕ. %HWRQ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL WD]H YH VHUWOHúPLú EHWRQXQ ELUoRN |]HOOLNOHULQGH ROXPOX GH÷LúLNOHU VD÷OD\DELOPHNWHGLU $QFDN NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ NXOODQÕPÕQGD ED]Õ KXVXVODUÕQ ELOLQFLQGH ROPDN oRN E\N |QHP WDúÕPDNWDGÕU %XQODU DúD÷ÕGD VÕUDODQPDNWDGÕU .DWNÕ PDGGHVL N|W ELU EHWRQ NDUÕúÕPÕQÕQ YH\D N|W ELU X\JXODPDQÕQ QHGHQ ROGX÷XHNVLNOLNOHULJLGHUPH\H\HWHUOLGH÷LOGLU.DWNÕPDGGHVLEHWRQNDUÕúÕPÕQGD\HU DODQ PDO]HPH WUOHULQLQ YH PLNWDUÕQÕQ GR÷UX VHoLOPHPLú ROPDVÕQGDQ YH\D EHWRQD X\JXODQDFDN WDúÕPD \HUOHúWLUPH VÕNÕúWÕUPD NU JLEL LúOHPOHULQ X\JXQ WDU]GD \DSÕOPDPÕúROPDVÕQGDQND\QDNODQDQHNVLNOLNOHULRUWDGDQNDOGÕUDPDPDNWDGÕU .DWNÕ PDGGHVL VWDQGDUWODUGD EHOLUWLOPLú RODQ GH÷HUOHUH X\JXQ ROPDOÕGÕU 7UN VWDQGDUWODUÕ $670 YH GL÷HU ONH VWDQGDUWODUÕ NDWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD EHWRQ SHUIRUPDQVÕQGD \HU DOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ GH÷LúLNOLNOHUH GDLU ED]Õ VÕQÕU GH÷HUOHUYHUPHNWHGLUOHU .DWNÕPDGGHOHULQLQNXOODQÕOPDVÕKDOLQGHVWDQGDUWODUGDEHOLUOHQPLúRODQSHUIRUPDQVÕQ HOGHHGLOLSHGLOPH\HFH÷L NDWNÕPDGGHVLQLQNDEXOYH\DUHGGHGLOLUROPDVÕ
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(52) 11. - .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQSHUIRUPDQVÕ]HULQGHNLDQDHWNLVL - KaWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQSHUIRUPDQVÕQD\DUDUOÕYH\D]DUDUOÕ\DQHWNLOHUL - .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHUL YH LoHUGL÷L DNWLI PDGGHOHULQ konsantrasyonu, -. .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQLoHULVLQGHEHWRQGDSRWDQVL\HOKDVDU\DUDWDELOHFHNNORUU úHNHUVOILWJLELPDGGHOHULQEXOXQXSEXOXQPDGÕ÷Õ. - .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQNDUÕúÕPÕQDQDVÕONDWÕOPDVÕJHUHNWL÷L -. .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ GR]DMÕ YH EX GR]XQ DOWÕQGD YH\D VWQGHNXOODQÕOPDVÕGXUXPXQGDEHWRQ|]HOOLNOHULQHHWNLVLYH. -. .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ HWNLVLQL ND\EHWPHGHQ QDVÕO YH QH NDGDU VUH\OH VDNODQDELOHFH÷LGLU. .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ QH GR]GD NXOODQÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQH GDLU UHWLFL WDUDIÕQGDQ EHOLUWLOHQGH÷HUúDQWL\HGHNLPDO]HPHOHUOHYHúDQWL\HNRúXOODUÕQGD\DSÕODFDNEHWRQODU ]HULQGHGHQHQPHOLUHWLFLQLQEHOLUWPLúROGX÷XGH÷HULQ\HWHUOLROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕNRQWURO edilmelidir. .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ QH PLNWDUGD NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD GDLU UHWLFL WDUDIÕQGDQ YHULOHQ GH÷HU oRN |QHPOL ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH ED]HQ R ELOJL \HWHUOL ROPDPDNWD LVWHQLOHQ EHWRQ performaQVÕ HOGH HGLOHPHPHNWHGLU 2 QHGHQOH LVWHQLOHQ EHWRQXQ \DSÕPÕQGD NXOODQÕODFDN WUGHNL PDO]HPHOHUOH |QFHGHQ GHQH\ \DSÕOPDOÕ YH NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ KDQJLGR]GDNXOODQÕOPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LVDSWDQPDOÕGÕU .DWNÕPDGGHVLEHWRQXQELUGHQoRN|]HOOL÷LQLHWNLOH\HELOPektedir. .DWNÕ PDGGHVL EHWRQXQ EHOLUOL ELU |]HOOL÷LQL HWNLOHPHN ]HUH NXOODQÕPD VXQXOPDNWDGÕU $QFDN D\QÕ NDWNÕ PDGGHVL EX DQD DPDFÕQ GÕúÕQGDNL ED]Õ EHWRQ |]HOOLNOHULQL GH \DUDUOÕ YH\D ]DUDUOÕ RODUDN HWNLOH\HELOPHNWHGLU 2 QHGHQOH |]HOOLNOH betona zaraUOÕRODELOHFHN\DQHWNLOHULQLQELOLQPHVLJHUHNPHNWHGLU .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ EHWRQD NDWÕOPDVÕQD GDLU JYHQLOLU \|QWHPOHULQ EHOLUOHQPHVL gerekmektedir..
(53) 12. +DYD VUNOH\LFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL JLEL ED]Õ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL oRN D] PLNWDUODUGD NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU 2 QHGHQOH NDWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ QH PLNWDUGD YH QDVÕO ELU \|QWHPOH EHWRQDNDWÕODFD÷Õ|QHPOLROPDNWDGÕU .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ HWNLVL EHWRQ LoHULVLQGH \HU DODFDN PDO]HPHOHULQ WLSLQH YH PLNWDUÕQDJ|UHGH÷LúLNOLNJ|VWHUHELOPHNWHGLU .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQSHUIRUPDQVÕQD\DSDFD÷ÕHWNLúXIDNW|UOHUHED÷OÕGÕU. -. dLPHQWRQXQNRPSR]LV\RQX. -. $JUHJDJUDGDV\RQXYHDJUHJDQÕQ]DUDUOÕPDGGHLoHULSLoHUPHGL÷L. -. %HWRQNDUÕúÕPÕQGDNLPDO]HPHOHULQRUDQÕ. -. %LUEDúNDNDWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQLoHULVLQGHD\UÕFD\HUDOÕSDOPDGÕ÷Õ. -. %HWRQXQNDUÕOPDVUHVL. -. .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQEHWRQLoHULVLQHNDWÕOPDVÕQGDWDNLSHGLOHQ\|QWHP. -. %HWRQXQVÕFDNOÕ÷ÕYH. -. .UNRúXOODUÕ. .DWNÕPDGGHVLQLQNXOODQÕPÕQGDEHWRQ|]HOOLNOHULQGHVD÷ODQDFDNL\LOHúWLUPHEHWRQ NXOODQÕPÕQGDHOGHHGLOHFHNNROD\OÕNYHEHWRQHNRQRPLNOL÷LJLELIDNW|UOHUJ|]|QQGH WXWXODUDNEXIDNW|UOHUELUDUDGDYHoRNL\LGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHOLGLU %HWRQNDWNÕPDGGHVLEHWRQUHWLPLQGHNXOODQÕOPDNWDRODQoLPHQWRDJUHJDYHVXJLEL WHPHO PDO]HPHOHULQ ÕúÕQGD RODQ HN ELU PDGGHGLU 2 QHGHQOH NDWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ NXOODQÕPÕ\OD ID]ODGDQ ELU PDVUDI RUWD\D oÕNPDNWDGÕU gWH \DQGDQ NDWNÕ PDGGHVL NXOODQÕPÕ\ODLVWHQLOHQNDOLWHGHNLEHWRQGDKDD]PLNWDUGDoLPHQWRLOHUHWLOHELOPHNWH daha ekonomik beton elde edilebilmHNWHGLU $\UÕFDNDWNÕPDGGHVL NXOODQÕOPDVÕ LOH EHWRQXQ LúOHQHELOLUOL÷L SRPSDODQDELOLUOL÷L \HUOHúWLULOPHVL VÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ LON JQOHUGHNLGD\DQÕPÕGDKDL\LRODELOPHNWHYHNDOÕSODUGDKDHUNHQV|NOHELOPHNWHGLU %HWRQ UHWLPLQGH NDWNÕ PDGGHVL NXOODQÕPÕQD NDUDU YHULOPHVLQGH EWQ EX IDNW|UOHU ELUDUDGDYHJHUoHNoLRODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHOLGLU.
(54) 13. .LP\DVDO.DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL .DWNÕ PDGGHVLQL WPQQ LúOHYOHULQGH NLP\DVDO |]HOOLNOHU YH NLP\DVDO ROD\ODU |Q SODQGD ROPDNOD EHUDEHU EHWRQ WHNQRORMLVLQGH ³NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL´ GHQLOGL÷LQGH ³VX LoHULVLQGH o|]QPH J|VWHUHQ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL´ DQODúÕOPDNWDGÕU ùHNLO
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(66) No. g]HOOLN. ùDKLWEHWRQ. .DUÕúÕP VX\XQGD NDWNÕ PDGGHVLQLQ \RO DoWÕ÷Õ D]DOPDQÕQ PLNWDUÕ HQ D] ROGX÷X WDNGLUGH EX WU NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQH ³\NVHN PLNWDUGD VX-D]DOWÕFÕ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL´.
(67) 16. YH\D ³VSHU SODVWLNOHúWLULFL´ YH\D ³VSHU DNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕ GHQLOPHNWHGLU 7DEOR Tablo 2.3) 7DEOR<NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(68). g]HOOLN. No 1. 2. 3. ùDKLWEHWRQ. Deney metodu øVWHQHQEH÷HUOHU EN 12350-2'ye EN 480-ùDKLW J|UHo|NPHYH\D 'HQHPH EHWRQXQGD úDKLW Su azaltma beton I EN12350- HJ|UH EHWRQDNÕ\DVODHQD] \D\ÕOPD JQGH GHQHPH EHWRQX úDKLW EHWRQXQ HQ D] %DVÕQo EN 480-ùDKLW prEN 12390 Õ JQGH GHQHPH GD\DQÕPÕ beton I 3:1999 EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQD] % 115'i hUHWLFL WDUDIÕQGDQ DNVL Taze EHOLUWLOPHGLNoH GHQHPH EN 480-1 ùDKLW betondaki EN 12350-7 EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ beton I KDYDPLNWDUÕ +DFLPFH HQ oRN ]HULQGH. 7DEOR<NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWVXoLPHQWR RUDQÕQGD
(69). No. 1. 2. 3. 4. g]HOOLN. ùDKLWEHWRQ. Deney metodu. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU. %DúODQJÕo
(70) PP ROPDN]HUHo|NPHDUWÕúÕ EN 12350-2'ye HQD]PPEDúODQJÕo .ÕYDPGDNL EN 480-ùDKLW J|UHo|NPHYH\D
(71) PPROPDN DUWÕú beton IV EN12350- HJ|UH ]HUH\D\ÕOPDDUWÕúÕHQ \D\ÕOPD az 160 mm, 'HQHPHEHWRQXQXQNDWNÕ EN 12350-2'ye NDWÕOGÕNWDQGDNLND .ÕYDP EN 480-ùDKLW J|UHo|NPHYH\D VRQUDNLNÕYDPÕúDKLW koruma beton IV EN12350- HJ|UH EHWRQXQLONNÕYDPÕQÕQ \D\ÕOPD DOWÕQDGúPHPHOLGLU JQGHGHQHPH %DVÕQo EN 480-ùDKLW prEN 12390EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQ GD\DQÕPÕ beton IV 3:1999 D] Õ hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL Taze EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EN 480-ùDKLW betondaki EN 12350-7 EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ beton IV +DYDPLNWDUÕ HQoRN KDFLPFH
(72) ]HULQGH.
(73) 17. 3. Su tutucu NDWNÕPDGGHOHUL 7HUOHPH\L D]DOWDUDN VX ND\EÕQÕ GúUHQ NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULGLU *HQLú \]H\OL EHWRQODUGD VX ND\EÕQGDQ WHUOHPH
(74) ND\QDNODQDELOHFHN RWXUPDODUÕ HQJHOOHU <]H\ GD\DQÕPÕQÕDUWWÕUÕU3ODVWLNU|WUHoDWODNODUÕQÕDUWWÕUÕU 7DEOR
(75) Tablo 6XWXWXFXNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(76). No. g]HOOLN. ùDKLWEHWRQ. Deney metodu. 1. Terleme. EN 480-ùDKLW beton II. EN 480-4. 2. %DVÕQo GD\DQÕPÕ. EN 480-ùDKLW beton II. prEN 123903:1999. Taze EN 480-ùDKLW betondaki beton II KDYDPLNWDUÕ. EN 12350-7. 3. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU 'HQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun HQoRN VL JQGHGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQ az % 80'i hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQ oRN KDFLPFH
(77) ]HULQGH. +DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL .DUÕúWÕUPD VÕUDVÕQGD WD]H EHWRQD NRQWUROO PLNWDUGD NoN G]JQ GD÷ÕOPÕú YH VHUWOHúPH VRQUDVÕQGD GD NDOÕFÕ KDYD NDEDUFÕ÷Õ VUNOH\HQ NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULGLU ùHNLO
(78) 7DEOR
(79). ùHNLO+DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL.
(80) 18. TDEOR+DYDVUNOH\LFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(81). No 1. 2. 3. a b. c. g]HOOLN. ùDKLWEHWRQ. Deney metodu. Taze betondaki KDYDPLNWDUÕ EN 480-1 VUNOHQPLú ùDKLWEHWRQ,,, hava). EN 12350-7. 6HUWOHúPLú betondaki EN 480-1 KDYDERúOX÷X ùDKLWEHWRQ,,, Karakteristikleri. EN 480-11c. EN 480-1 %DVÕQoGD\DQÕPÕ ùDKLWEHWRQ,,,. prEN 123903:1999. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHUa 'HQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun hacimce en az % ]HULQGH7RSODP KDYDPLNWDUÕKDFLPFH - %6 b Deneme betonundaki DUDOÕNIDNW|UHQoRN 0,200 mm JQGHGHQHPHEHWRQX úDKLWEHWRQXQ en az % 75'i. 7P|]HOOLNOHUD\QÕGHQHPHEHWRQXLoLQJHoHUOLGLU 8\JXQPLNWDUEHOLUWLOHPH]PLNWDULVWHQHQKDYDPLNWDUÕQÕHOGHHGHFHNúHNLOGH D\DUODQPDOÕGÕU EN 480±11 UHIHUDQVPHWRWWXU$UDOÕNIDNW|UEHOLUOHQPHVLQGH(1-11'deki PHWRWODD\QÕVRQXoODUÕYHUGL÷LQLQJ|VWHULOHELOPHVLND\GÕ\ODGL÷HUPHWRWODU |UQH÷LQ GH÷LúWLULOPLúQRNWDVD\PDPHWRGX
(82) GDNXOODQÕODELOLU. 6HUWOHúPHKÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL Priz VUHVLQLHWNLOH\HUHNYH\DHWNLOHPHNVL]LQEHWRQXQHUNHQGD\DQÕPND]DQPDKÕ]ÕQÕ DUWÕUDQNLP\DVDONDWNÕPDGGHOHULGLU%XKDUNUVUHVLQLYHGHUHFHVLQLD]DOWÕU.DOÕS DOPDVUHVLQLD]DOWÕU 7DEOR
(83) 7DEOR6HUWOHúPH\LKÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(84). No. g]HOOLN. ùDKLWEHWRQ. Deney metodu. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU 20 C'de ve 24 saatte: GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun en az % 120'si. 20o& GHYHJQGH GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun en D] Õ 5oC'de ve 48 saatte: GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun en az % 130'u. hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ KDFLPFHHQoRN ]HULQGH o. 1. %DVÕQo GD\DQÕPÕ. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. 2. Taze betondaki KDYDPLNWDUÕ. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. prEN 123903:1999. EN 12350-7.
(85) 19. 6. Su JHoLULPVL]OLNNDWNÕPDGGHVL 6HUWOHúPLú EHWRQXQ NÕOFDO VX HPPHVLQL D]DOWDQ NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ PDGGHVLGLU 7DEOR 2.7) 7DEOR6XJHoLULPVL]OLNNDWNÕODUÕLoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGDYH\DHúLW6dRUDQÕQGD
(86) a. No. a. g]HOOLN. ùDKLW KDUoEHWRQ. Deney metodu. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU. JQONNUGHQVRQUD JQONGHQH\LoLQ GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW .ÕOFDOVX EN 480-¶H EHWRQXQHQoRN VL 1 EN 480-5 emme X\JXQKDUo JQONNUGHQVRQUD JQONGHQH\LoLQ GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW EHWRQXQHQoRN Õ prEN 12390JQGHGHQHPHEHWRQX %DVÕQo EN 480-1 2 3:1999 úDKLWEHWRQXQHQD] GD\DQÕPÕ ùDKLWEHWRQ, 85'i hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL Taze EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EN 480-1 EN 12350-7 3 betondaki EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ ùDKLWEHWRQ, KDYDPLNWDUÕ KDFLPFHHQoRN2 ]HULQGH %WQGHQH\OHUHúLWNÕYDPYH\DHúLW6dRUDQÕQGD\DSÕOPDOÕGÕU. 7. Su-D]DOWÕFÕYHSUL]-JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL %D]Õ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL KHP VDELW ELU NÕYDP LoLQ JHUHNOL VX PLNWDUÕQÕ -%11 kadar D]DOWPDNWD KHP GH WD]H EHWRQXQ SUL] NDWÕODúPD
(87) VUHVLQL X]DWDELOPHNWHGLU %X LNL LúOHYL \HULQH JHWLUHQNDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL ³VX-D]DOWÕFÕYHSUL]-JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL RODUDNDGODQGÕUÕOPDNWDGÕU 7DEOR
(88).
(89) 20. 7DEOR3UL]JHFLNWLULFLVXD]DOWÕFÕSOkVWLNOHúWLULFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(90). No. g]HOOLN. ùDKLW KDUoEHWRQ. 1. %DVÕQo GD\DQÕPÕ. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. 2. 3. 4. Priz EDúODQJÕFÕ. Su azaltma. Taze betondaki KDYDPLNWDUÕ. EN 480-¶H X\JXQKDUo. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. Deney metodu. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU. prEN 123903:1999. JQLoLQGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQ D]¶. EN 480-2. 20oC'de: deneme betonu LoLQHQD]GDNLND 5oC'de: deneme betonu LoLQúDKLWEHWRQXQHQoRN Õ. EN 12350-¶\H J|UHo|NPHYH\D 'HQHPHEHWRQXQGDúDKLW EN 12350-¶HJ|UH betona NÕ\DVODHQD] \D\ÕOPD. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. EN 12350-7. hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ KDFLPFHHQoRN ]HULQGH. 8. Su-D]DOWÕFÕYHSUL]-KÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL 6DELW ELU NÕYDP LoLQ JHUHNOL VX PLNWDUÕQÕ - NDGDU D]DOWDQ YH D\QÕ ]DPDQGD EHWRQSUL]LQLQGDKDoDEXNROPDVÕQÕVD÷OD\DQNDWNÕPDGGHOHULQH³VX-D]DOWÕFÕYHSUL]KÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL´GHQLOPHNWHGLU <NVHNPLNWDUGDVX-D]DOWÕFÕYHSUL]-JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL 6DELWELUNÕYDPLoLQJHUHNOLVXPLNWDUÕQÕHQD]NDGDUD]DOWDQYHD\QÕ]DPDQGD SUL] JHFLNWLUHQ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQH ³\NVHN PLNWDUGD VX-D]DOWÕFÕ YH SUL]-geciktirici NDWNÕPDGGHOHUL´GHQLOPHNWHGLU 7DEOR7DEOR
(91).
(92) 21. Tablo 3UL]JHFLNWLULFL\NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUSOkVWLNOHúWLULFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
(93). No. g]HOOLN. ùDKLW KDUoEHWRQ. 1. %DVÕQo GD\DQÕPÕ. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. 2. 3UL]VUHVL. EN 480-¶H X\JXQKDUo. 3. 4. Su azaltma. Taze betondaki KDYDPLNWDUÕ. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. EN 480-1 ùDKLWEHWRQ,. Deney metodu. prEN 123903:1999. En 480-2. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU JQONGHQH\LoLQ GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW EHWRQXQHQD] JQONGHQH\LoLQ GHQHPHEHWRQXúDKLW betonun en az % 115'i 3UL]EDúODQJÕFÕGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQGDQHQ az 90 dakika fazla Priz sonu: deneme betonu úDKLWEHWRQGDQHQoRN 360 dakika sonra. EN 12350-¶\H J|UHo|NPHYH\D 'HQHPHEHWRQXQGDúDKLW EN 12350-¶HJ|UH EHWRQDNÕ\DVODHQD] 12 \D\ÕOPD. EN 12350-7. hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ KDFLPFHHQoRN ]HULQGH. 7DEOR3UL]JHFLNWLULFL\NVHNRUDQGDVXD]DOWÕFÕVSHUSOkVWLNOHúWLULFL NDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLW6dRUDQÕQGD
(94). No. g]HOOLN. 1. .ÕYDP koruma. 2. %DVÕQo GD\DQÕPÕ. 3. Taze betondaki KDYDPLNWDUÕ. ùDKLW KDUoEHWRQ. Deney metodu. øVWHQHQGH÷HUOHU. EN 12350-¶\H 'HQHPHEHWRQXQXQNDWNÕ J|UHo|NPHYH\D NDWÕOGÕNWDQGDNLND EN 480-1 EN 12350-¶HJ|UH VRQUDNLNÕYDPÕúDKLW ùDKLWEHWRQ,9 \D\ÕOPD EHWRQXQLONNÕYDPÕQÕQ DOWÕQDGúPHPHOLGLU PrEN 12390JQLoLQGHQHPH EN 480-1 3:1999 EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQHQ ùDKLWEHWRQ,9 D]¶Õ hUHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQDNVL EHOLUWLOPHGLNoHGHQHPH EN 480-1 EN 12350-7 EHWRQXúDKLWEHWRQXQ ùDKLWEHWRQ, KDFLPFHHQoRN ]HULQGH.
(95) 22. 2.4.2. Priz-JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕPDGGHOHUL 7D]H EHWRQD X\JXODQDFDN WDúÕPD \HUOHúWLUPH VÕNÕúWÕUPD YH \]H\ G]HOWPH LúOHPOHULQLQ EHWRQ KHQ] NDWÕODúPDGDQ |QFH \HULQH JHWLULOPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU 2\VD KDYD VÕFDNOÕ÷ÕQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ YHYH\D U]JDU KÕ]ÕQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ YHYH\D KDYDGDNL QHPLQ GúN ROPDVÕ JLEL NRúXOODU EHWRQ ]HULQGH DúD÷ÕGDNL ROXPVX] HWNLOHUH\RODoPDNWDGÕU 1. øVWHQLOHQ NÕYDPGDNL EHWRQX HOGH HGHELOPHN ]HUH JHUHNHQ VX PLNWDUÕ DUWPDNWDGÕU 2. 7D]HEHWRQXQ NDUÕOGÕ÷Õ DQGDNL o|NPHGH÷HULLOH \HUOHúWLULOGL÷L DQGDNL o|NPH GH÷HULDUDVÕQGDNLIDUN o|NPHGH÷HULND\EÕ
(96) \NVHNROPDNWDGÕU 3. %HWRQXQSUL]L NDWÕODúPDVÕ
(97) GDKDNÕVDVUHGH\HUDOPDNWDGÕU 4. %HWRQ \]H\LQGH SODVWLN E]OPH oDWODNODUÕ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕODQ oDWODNODU DUWPDNWDGÕU 5. %HWRQXQ \HUOHúWLULOPHVLQGH JoONOHUOH NDUúÕODúÕOPDNWD GDKD |QFH \HUOHúWLULOPLú EHWRQ LOH \HQL \HUOHúWLULOHQ EHWRQ DUDVÕQGDNL ED÷ODQWÕGD ³VR÷XN GHU]´ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕODQ VUHNVL]OLN PH\GDQD JHOPHNWH EHWRQ \]H\LQGH WR]ODQPDODUROPDNWDYHE]OPHQHGHQL\OHoDWODPDODU\HUDOPDNWDGÕU ³3UL]-JHFLNWLULFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL´ VÕFDN KDYD NRúXOODUÕQÕQ EHWRQ ]HULQGH \DUDWDELOHFH÷L oRN KÕ]OÕ SUL] \DSPD HWNLVLQL WHODIL HGHELOPHN ]HUH EHWRQXQ SUL] VUHVLQLQGDKDX]XQROPDVÕQÕVD÷OD\DQNDWNÕPDGGHOHULGLU 7DEOR
(98).
(99) 23. 7DEOR3UL]JHFLNWLULFLNDWNÕODULoLQHN|]HOOLNOHU HúLWNÕYDPGD
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