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SOLUTIONS (LIQUIDS)

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(1)

• Homogeneous liquid preparations which are formed from a mixture

of at least two substances are called 'solutions'.

• Single-phase homogeneous systems prepared by dissolving one or

more active substances in one or several solvent mixtures.

• It consists of solutions → solute + solvent phases.

• In general → phase is rarely found in the system + phase is mostly

found in the system.

(2)

Classification of Solvents According to Their Solvents

* Aqueous solutions * Dehydrated solutions * Alcoholic solutions * Hydroalcoholic solutions * Oily solutions

(3)

According to usage:

• Gargle • Enema • Inhalation • Spray • Drop • Parenteral • Ophthalmic • Nasal • Otic • Collutory

(4)

Physical Stabilities of Solvents

Organoleptic Tests

In the early stages of the Stablite program a test panel should be established in terms of organoleptic tests.

Organoleptic tests are generally subjectively tested by a tester (operator, technician).

This person evaluates the product in terms of taste, image and smell and scores it numerically, descriptively or both.

(5)

Physical Stabilities of Solvents

Subjective appearance tests

Dubosque colorimetry yields numbers that match the

Beer's law and is logarithmically proportional to

concentration. In this respect, the decomposition can be

simply expressed by first-order kinetics.

X: Concentration of decomposition product.

q: Sabite

X: Repeatable.

t: Time

* This equality can be used to predict the worst appearance

of the product.

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