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Marmara Üniversitesi øø%)'HUJLVL

YIL 2010&ø/7;;IVX, SAYI II, S. 251-273

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Niyazi BERK

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Solvency II is the project led by the European Commission with the objective of modernising European insurance regulations. The European Commission on 10 July 2007 proposed a revision of EU insurance law designed to improve consumer protection, modernize supervision, deepen market integration and increase the international competitiveness of European insurers.The Loss Given Default (LGD) is one of the three main factors in the Basel criteria. It represents the percentage of the exposure at default, which is the loss expectation if a counterparty is unable to repay its liabilities. The actor in insurance market are invited to provide feedback on the relative impact of the various simplified calculations for technical

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SOLVENCY II AND MEASURING THE LOSS GIVEN

DEFAULT

Abstract

Cem BERK

* Prof. Dr. %DKoHúHKLUhQLYHUVLWHVL

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provisions and the SCR standard formula laid down in these specifications, as well as the different methods proposed for groups. In addition, participants are also invited to provide quantitative results derived using their own internal model as well as using the standard formula.

Keywords: European insurance regulations, the loss given default (LGD), internal model and the standard formula

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- ABD Sigorta Solvency düzenlemeleri ve - AB Solvency II düzenlemeleri

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1. AB solvency düzenlemeleri

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2 Berk, N., Berk C., Estimating Loss Given Default(LGD) in Insurance Companies: Evidence

from Turkish Insurance Market, Helors 2010 9th Special Conference of the Hellenic Operational Research Society,Crete-Greece, May 27-29 2010, s.2.

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uygulamadaki sorunlara pratik çözüm getirmektir4

1.1. Solvency I

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6

Beasley, M. S. , Clune, R., Hermanson, D. R., Enterprise risk management: An empirical analysis of factors associated with the extent of implementation, 2005 s.4.

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7 Nektarios, M., Deregulation Insurance Supervision and Guaranty

Funds, 2010, 460-465.

8 Berk, Solvency II’nin.... a.g.e., s. 2. 9

Berk, Solvency II’nin....a.g.e., s.3.; Bortnick,R., J and P. M. Kennell, American Bar Association Section of Litigation, "Impediments to Coverage for Subprime Litigation," 2008, s.2.

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10 Nektarios, M., Deregulation, Insurance Supervision and Guaranty

Funds, 2010, s. 460-465.

11 Filippo, M., The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning,

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13 Solvency II Expert Group, CEIOPS, June 2007, s.1.

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4,6oDOÕúPDODUÕQGDQWHPHODPDo6&5 +HGHI6HUPD\H– Solvency Sermaye *HUHNVLQLPL  YH 0&5 0LQLPXP 6HUPD\H <HWHUOLOL÷L *HUHNVLQLPL  VRQXoODUÕQÕQ aktüeryal, istatistiksel ve finansal projeksiyonlarla belirlenmesidir22

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.

23.

21

Berk, Solvency II’nin...., a.g.e., s. 9.

22 Özgen, B., Solvency Capital Requirement & Quantative Impact Study, Tsrsb Solvency 2

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(13)

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24 Özgen Burak, Solvency Capital...., a.g.e, s.7.

. - +D\DW'ÕúÕ6LJRUWDFÕOÕN5LVNOHUL 6&51/ - +D\DW6LJRUWDFÕOÕN5LVNOHUL 6&5/,)( - 6D÷OÕN6LJRUWDFÕOÕN5LVNOHUL 6&5+HDOWK) - Piyasa Riski.(SCRMKT) - .DUúÕ7DUDI5LVNL 6&5'() - Operasyonel Riskler.(SCROP)

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(14)

-Kredi Riski -<R÷XQODúPD5LVNL -Kur Riski

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SCR

BSCR

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x

x

, * : 6&5QO+D\DW'ÕúÕ6LJRUWDFÕOÕN5LVNOHULLoLQ6HUPD\H SCRmkt : Piyasa Riskleri için Sermaye.

6&5KHDOWK6D÷OÕN6LJRUWDFÕOÕ÷Õ5LVNOHULøoLQ6HUPD\H 6&5GHI.DUúÕ7DUDI5LVNOHULCçin Sermaye. 6&5OLIH+D\DW6LJRUWDFÕOÕ÷Õ5LVNOHULøoLQ6HUPD\H E|\OHFHWHPHOKHGHIVHUPD\HDúD÷ÕGDNLJLELIRUPOHHGLOL\RU CorrSCR G]HQOH\LFLRWRULWHWDUDIÕQGDQ|QFHGHQEHOLUOHQPLúNRUHODV\RQ matrisidir. 6ROYHQF\VHUPD\HJHUHNVLQPHVLQLQKHVDSODQPDVÕLoLQNXOODQÕODFDNVWDQGDUW IRUPXOQ X\JXODQPDVÕQGD 4,6 YH JHOHFHNWH X\JXODQDFDN \HQL NDQWLWDWLI HWNL DUDúWÕUPDODUÕGLNNDWHDOÕQDFDNWÕU%XDoÕGDQLúOHWPHOHULQ4,6¶HX\JXQELUVHUPD\H \DSÕVÕ |OoPHOHUL VLVWHPL NHQGL \DUDUODUÕQD X\XPODúWÕUPDODUÕQÕ NROD\ODúWÕUÕU %|\OHFH VLJRUWD úLUNHWOHULQLQ oHúLWOL EUDQúODUGD RUWD\D oÕNDFDN oHúLWOL ULVNOHUH NDUúÕ DOÕQDFDN |QOHPOHU YH JHUHNOL VHUPD\H LKWL\DFÕQÕQ EHOLUOHQPHVL NROD\ODúDFDNWÕU 4,6 LoLQ |QJ|UOHQ JHUoHNOHúPH G|QHPL +D]LUDQ YH .DVÕP  RODUDN SODQODQPÕúWÕU $YUXSD .RPLV\RQX YH ILQDQVDO G]HQOH\LFLOHU EX oDOÕúPD\D VLJRUWD VHNW|UQGHQ \NVHNELUNDWÕOÕPRODFD÷ÕEHNOHQWLVLQGHOHU

25

Vaughan, T. M., The Implication....a.g.e., s.16.

26

$\UÕQWÕOÕ ELOJL LoLQEDNÕQÕ] $UW]QHU 3 $SSOLFDWLRQ RI  &RKHUHQW5LVN 0HDVXUHV WR FDSLWDO Requiremnts in Insurance, North American Actuarial Journal, 1999, s. 11-26.

(15)

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, * . Korelasyon matrisi ;VLJRUWDVLUNHWLLoLQ4,6%6&5KHVDSODPDVÕ28

27 CEA Solvency II Introductory Guide, June 2006, s.5.

28$\UÕQWÕOÕ ELOJL LoLQ %HUN 1 Berk C., Estimating Loss Given Default(LGD) in Insurance

Companies: Evidence from Turkish Insurance Market, Helors 2010 9th Special Conference of the Hellenic Operational Research Society,Crete-Greece, May 27-29 2010.

: SCRmkt = 1.500.000.000 TL SCRdef = 15.000.000 TL SCRlife= 750.000.000 TL SCRhealth = 60.000.000 TL SCRnl = 600.000.000 TL

(16)

BSCR² = 1. 1500² + 1. 15² + 1. 750² + 1.60² + 1. 600² + 2.(0,25. 1500. 15+0,25. 750. 1500+0,25.60.1500+ 0.25.600.1500+ 0,25.15.750+ 0,25. 15.60+0,5 . 15.400+ 0,25. 750.60+ 0.750.600+0,25.60.600)= 4.272.650 5LVNPRGOOHULQLQDUDODUÕQGDNLNRUHODV\RQDGD\DQDQKHVDSODPD sonucu; BSCR = 2.067.000 TL. .RUHODV\RQPDWULVLGLNNDWHDOÕQPDGÕ÷ÕQGDLVHoÕNDQVRQXo 1.500.000.000 +15.000.000 +750.000.000 +60.000.000 + 600.000.000 = 2.250.000.000 TL. 5LVNGD÷ÕWÕPHWNLVL(diversification effect) ; 2.250.000.000 TL.- 2.067.000 TL.= 183.000.000 TL.

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29 Özgen , Solvency Capital.... a.g.e, s.18.

(17)

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ii. Standart formül uygulanarak sermaye gereksinmesinin belirlenmesi durumunda etkilerin ölçülmesi30

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.

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30 CEIOPS / Groupe Consultatif QIS 5 workshop, November 2010, s.2. 31 Berk, Solvency II’nin...., a.g.e., s. 9.

(18)

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32

Gutterman S., The Evolving Role of The Actuary in Financial Reporting of Insurance,

North American Actuarial Journal, 2002, Vol.6, Nr. 2, s.7.

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(19)

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-0HWRGXQ JHUHNVL] \HUH \NVHN RUDQGD UHDVUDQV WHUFLK HGHQ úLUNHWOHUL FH]DODQGÕUPDVÕ

-5HDVUDQV NDUúÕODPDODUÕQÕQ GD\DQGÕ÷Õ PDOL \ÕO JHOHFHNWHNL GH÷LúPHOHULQ UHDVUDQVSURJUDPÕQGD\HUDOPDPDVÕQDVHEHSROPDVÕ

-5HDVUDQV SURJUDPODUÕQÕQ JHUoHN NDUDNWHULVWLNOHULQLQ X\JXODQDPDPDVÕ UHDVUDQV SURJUDPODUÕQÕQ GH÷LúLPL VDGHFH Eelirli bir % tazminat içermesi \ÕOODUDJ|UHQDNLWDNÕúÕIDUNOÕODúPDVÕQD\RODoPDVÕ

-Bir büyük katastrofik olayda riskin birikmesi halinde reasürans NDUúÕODPDVÕQÕQHWNLOHULQLQGLNNDWHDOÕQPDPDVÕ

Sonuç

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33 Berk, Solvency II’nin...., a.g.e., s. 11.

(20)

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(22)

Kaynakça

$&$5 2  $YUXSD %LUOL÷LQGH <NPOON .DUúÕODPD <HWHUOLOL÷L 6ROYHQF\ ,,

6LJRUWD$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ'HUJLVL765ù%(NLP

ARTZNER P., Application of CoherentRisk Measures to capital Requiremnts in Insurance, North American Actuarial Journal, 1999

BEASLEY, M. S. , Clune, R., Hermanson, D. R., Enterprise risk management: An empirical analysis of factors associated with the extent of implementation, 2005

%(5.&%|ONEDúÕ$,QWHJUDWHG5LVN0DQDJHPHQWLQ&RQVWUXFWLRQ&RPSDQLHV International Finance Symposium 2006 “Financial Sector Integration: Review and Steps Ahead”- Marmara University –:LUWVFKDIWV 8QÕYHUVÕWDW (Wien),

%(5. 1 6LJRUWD ùLUNHWOHULQGH 0DOL <HWHUOLOLN YH 5LVN <|QHWLPL-Solvency II 3URMHVL765ù%\D\ÕQÕøVWDQEXO$UDOÕN5.

%(5.16LJRUWDFÕOÕNWD5LVN<|QHWLPL(PHN6LJRUWD<D\ÕQÕøVWDQEXO %(5.16LJRUWDFÕOÕNWD)RQ<|QHWLPLø0.%\D\ÕQÕøVWDQEXO

BERK, N., Berk C., Estimating Loss Given Default(LGD) in Insurance Companies: Evidence from Turkish Insurance Market, Helors 2010 9th Special Conference of the Hellenic Operational Research Society,Crete-Greece, May 27-29 2010.

%(51$5'ø12 * (8523($1 &200,66,21 ,QWHUQDO 0DUNHW DQG 6HUYLFHV DG

%2571ø&.5LFKDUG-DQG3DWULFN0.HQQHOO $PHULFDQ %DU$VVRFLDWLRQ 6ection of Litigation, "Impediments to Coverage for Subprime Litigation," 2008. %86ø1(66 :LUH )LWFK VHHV PRXQWLQJ SUHVVXUH RQ LQVXUDQFH UDWLQJV

globally",October 16, 2008.

CEA Solvency II Introductory Guide, June 2006

CEA_CRO Forum Paper: Solutions to Major Issues for Solvency II, February 2006 CEA Solvency II Introductory Guide, June 2006

CEIOPS answers to the European Commission on the first wave of calls for advice in the framework of the Solvency II Project, June 2005

CEIOPS answers to the European Commission on the second wave of calls for advice in the framework of the Solvency II Project, October 2005

CEIOPS answers to the European Commission on the third wave of calls for advice in the framework of the Solvency II Project, May 2006

(23)

DOUGLAS McLeod, "Investment Woes Widen for Insurers; More Companies Reveal Big Credit Market Losses," October 13, 2008.

)ø/ø33207KHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHHQGRUWKHHQGRIWKHEHJLQQLQJ'HFHPEHU *ø/$1ø6KDK7KH&UHGLW&ULVLVDQGWKH5HDO6WRU\%HKLQGWKH&ROODSVHRI$,*

September 22, 2008.

GUTTERMAN S., The Evolving Role of The Actuary in Financial Reporting of Insurance, North American Actuarial Journal, 2002, Vol.6, S: 2

+$57:ø*5REHUW3,QVXUDQFH,QIRUPDWLRQ,QVWLWXWH7KH)LQDQFLDO&ULVLVDQGWKH P/C Insurance Industry: Challenges Amid the Economic Storm," September 23, 2008.

KATHLEEN, M. Bianco, J.D., "The Subprime Lending Crisis: Causes and Effects of the Mortgage Meltdown",t.y.

NEKTARIOS, M., Deregulation, Insurance Supervision and Guaranty Funds, 2010. 2185 $FDU $YUXSD %LUOL÷LQGH <NPOON .DUúÕODPD <HWHUOLOL÷L 6ROYHQF\ ,,

6LJRUWD$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ'HUJLVL765ù%(NLP.

ÖZGEN Burak, Solvency Capital Requirement & Quantative Impact Study, Tsrsb 6ROYHQF\øKWLVDV.RPLWHVLQH<DSÕODQ6XQXPøVWDQEXO+D]LUDQ Solvency II Expert Group, CEIOPS, June 2007.

Solvency II Newsletter No. 12/en August 2008.

Standard & Poor's Industry Surveys, "Insurance: Property-Casualty," July 10, 2008. STEFFEN,T., Solvency II and the Work of CEIOPS, 2008,

Technical Specifications QIS 4, http://www.ceiops.eu/p f Q , p p content/view/118/124.

VAUGHAN, T. M., The Implications of Solvency II for U.S. Insurance Regulation, February , 2009.

=ø%(/ $ODQ $VVRFLDWHG 3Uess, "US Foreclosure Filings Up 71 Percent," October 23, 2008.

(24)

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