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THE IMPORTANCE OF STORE ATMOSPHERE AT CREATING A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON RETAIL SECTOR ; A SUCCESFULL EXAMPLE
ABSTRACT
The aim of the research is to examinethe relationships about the customer preferences regarding the shopping area.The factors that provide advantages for retail establishments on competition in service industry and the effect of those factors on the shop atmosphere were also investigated. In this study, in the context of the shop atmosphere, the effect of customer assessment about the shop properties and shopping enjoyment on formation of store loyalty. On this framework, the effects of constructing the shop atmosphere according to the five senses on the customers were also investigated.
Keywords: Retail, Retailing, Competitive Advantage, store atmosphere,
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oÕNPDNWDGÕUODU(Demiralay, 2014, s. 15).
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0D÷D]D LoLQGH NXOODQÕODQ D\GÕQODWPD UHQN YH NRNX PD÷D]DQÕQ NDUDNWHULVWLN
|]HOOL÷LQLQ PD÷D]D DWPRVIHULQH ROXPOX ELU \DQVÕPDVÕGÕU $\UÕFD PD÷D]DGD VDWÕQ
DOPD VUHFLQGH UQ YH\D KL]PHW VXQDQ oDOÕúDQODUÕQ VOXSODUÕ IL]LNVHO J|UQúOHUL
NÕ\DIHWOHUL YH PDN\DMODUÕ PúWHULOHUL E\N |OoGH HWNLOHPH SRWDQVL\HOLQL ROXúWXUDQ
etkenlerdir.
'L÷HUELULIDGHNDSVDPÕQGD PD÷D]DDWPRVIHULEHOLUOLELUPD÷D]DQÕQIL]LNLDQODPGD
VDKLS ROGX÷X QLWHOLNOHULQLQ PúWHULOHU ]HULQGH RUWD\D oÕNDUGÕ÷Õ KLVOHUH YH HVWHWL÷H
dönüNJHQHODQODPGDNLHWNL\HYHULOHQLVLPGLU0D÷D]D|QFO÷QGHRUWD\DoÕNDUÕODQ
KLVVHOWHFUEHOHULQWDPDPÕQDµ¶PD÷D]DDWPRVIHUL¶¶ DGÕYHULOPHNWHGLU(Arslan, 2011, s. 57).
0D÷D]DQÕQVDKLSROGX÷XDWPRVIHU%D\NDOGÕ¶\Ds. 3) göre PúWHULNLWOHOHULQLQ
KLVOHULQHYHDOJÕODUÕQDG|QNWHSNLOHULQLDNWLIKDOHJHWLUPH\H\|QHOLNWLU$\UÕFDVDWÕQ
DOPD GX\JXVX ROXúWXUDQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕ HWNLOHPH SRWDQVL\HOLQL RUWD\D oÕNDUPDN
KHGHIOHQPHNWHGLU 0D÷D]D DWPRVIHUL PúWHULOHULQ DOJÕODUÕQD KLVOHULQH Kitap etmek, EX NRQXGDNL WXWXPODUÕQÕ EHOLUOHPHN YH ROXPOX L]OHQLPOHU \DUDWPDN LoLQ
JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ G]HQOHPHOHUGLU 0D÷D]D DWPRVIHUL PúWHULOHULQ JHUoHNOHúWLUGLNOHUL
DOÕúYHULú KDUHNHWOHULQL DUWÕUPDN YH EX DOÕúYHULúOHUH \|Q YHUPH\H oDOÕúPDNOD LOJLOL
ED÷ODQWÕQÕQ ELU \DQVÕPDVÕGÕU %X GXUXP PúWHULOHULQ PD÷D]D VDGDNDWLQLQ
ROXúXPXQGDHWNLOLELU\|QWHPGLU
*HoPLú ]DPDQODUGD SHUDNHQGH NXUXOXúODUÕQÕQ EHOLUOL G]H\OHUGH IL\DW D\DUODPDODUÕ
\DSDUDNWNHWLFLNLWOHOHULQLNHQGLOHULQHoHNPH\HoDOÕúPÕúODUGÕUArslan ve Bayçu’ya (2006, s. 40) göre pD]DUGD\DúDQDQUHNDEHWLQDUWPDVÕ|QHPOLELUEDVNÕXQVXUXKDOLQH
JHOPLúWLU $QFDN R ]DPDQODU WNHWLFLOHULQ DOÕúYHULúOHULQLQ KHU DúDPDVÕQGD ROPDVÕ
JHUHNHQHVWHWLNDQOD\ÕúD|QHPYHULOPHPHNWH\GL3HUDNHQGHNXUXOXúODUÕEXWDU]GDELU WXWXQGXUPD\|QWHPLQLQ\DOQÕ]EDúÕQD\HWHUOLROPDGÕ÷ÕVRQXFXQDYDUGÕODU'DKDVRQUD
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VD÷OD\DQ DOÕúYHULú WHFUEHOHULQL WNHWLFL NLWOHOHULQH VXQPD GDYUDQÕúÕ |QHP
ND]DQPÕúWÕU 0D÷D]DQÕQ VDKLS ROGX÷X LPDMÕ \NVHOWPHN YH EXQXQOD ELUOLNWH
PD÷D]DQÕQVDKLSROGX÷XDWPRVIHULLOHUOHWPHNDPDoODQPÕúWÕU$\UÕFDEXGXUXPEHOLUOL
ELUWHUFLKLQVRQXFXGH÷LO]RUXQOXELUGXUXPRODUDNRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU
575 3HUDNHQGH NXUXOXúODUÕ DOJÕODQPDNWD RODQ YH LVWHQLOHQ DWPRVIHU DUDVÕQGD IDUNOÕOÕN
ROPDPDVÕ JHUHNPHNWHGLU 7NHWLFL NLWOHOHULQH VXQXODQ DWPRVIHULQ \DQVÕPDVÕ
JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ DWPRVIHULQ DOJÕODQDQ \|Q RODUDN NDEXO J|UPHNWHGLU $WPRVIHULQ
arzu edilen yönü ise, hissiyata yönelik niteliklerdir ve çevrenLQ GR÷DO ROPD\DQ
\ROODUODUHQNOHQGLULOPHVLVRQXFXHOGHHGLOHQRUWDPGÕU(Varinli, 2005, s. 181).
$WPRVIHULQDOJÕODQDQ\|QWNHWLFLNLWOHOHULQFHGH÷LúNHQOLNJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU0D÷D]D
içerisinde etkin olan ambiyansa (renk, koku, ses vs.) verilen tepkilerin de÷LúNHQOLN
J|VWHUPHVL LOH VRQXoODQÕU %X GXUXPGD SHUDNHQGHFLOHULQ EDúDUÕOÕ IDDOL\HWOHU
\UWHELOPHVL DGÕQD PD÷D]DGD KkNLP RODQ DWPRVIHULQ \RUPD\DQ VÕNÕQWÕ\D
VRNPD\DQ YH PRQRWRQOXNWDQ X]DN WHFUEHOHU \DúDWDELOHQ RUWDPD VDKLS ROPDVÕ
JHUHNPHNWHGLU 0úWHULOHULQ VDWÕQ DOPD GDYUDQÕúÕQD \|QHOPHVLQLQ WHPHOLQGH
PD÷D]DQÕQVDKLSROGX÷XDWPRVIHUEXOXQPDNWDGÕU(Kachaganova, 2008, s. 78-79).
0D÷D]DGD KNP VUHQ DWPRVIHU 2GDEDúÕ YH 2\PDQ¶D s.261) göre belirli NRúXOODUÕ HWNLOHPH SRWDQVL\HOL LoHUPHNWHGLU %X NRúXOODU VDWÕúÕ JHUoHNOHúWLUHQ
ELUH\OHU LOH LOHWLúLPH JHoHELOPH DU]XVX JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ DOÕúYHULú VUHFLQGHQ NH\LI
DOPDGXUXPXLOJLOLPD÷D]D\Õ\HQLGHQWHUFLKHWPHLKWLPDOL PD÷D]D\Õ DUDúWÕUPD YH
göz gezdirme hususunda verilen vakit, tahmin edilenden daha yXNDUÕ PHEOD÷GDELU
SDUDVDOKDUFDPDGDEXOXQPDPH\LOOLRODUDNNDUúÕPÕ]DoÕNPDNWDGÕU
0D÷D]D NRúXOODUÕQGD KNP VUHQ DWPRVIHULQ SHUDNHQGH NXUXOXúODUÕ DoÕVÕQGDQ HOH
DOÕQDQoHWNHQú|\OHDoÕNODQPDNWDGÕU
- 5HNDEHWHED÷OÕRODUDNUDNLSPD÷D]DODUÕQID]ODROPDVÕYXNXEXOPDNWDRODQ
\NVHOLú oHUoHYHVLQGH PD÷D]DGD KNP VUHQ DWPRVIHU NRúXOODUÕELU D\ÕUW
HGLFLELULúOHYJ|UPHNWHGLU
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EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 0D÷D]DGD KNP VUHQ DWPRVIHULQ SHUDNHQGHFLOHULQ
|QGHUOL÷LQGH SD]DUODPD KXVXVXQGD HKHPPL\HW DU] HGHQ ELU DUDo RODUDN
kabul gördükleri bilinmektedir.
- 3HUDNHQGHFLOLN NRQXVXQD RGDNODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD IL\DWODQGÕUPD YH UQOHU
KXVXVXQGD SRUWI|\Q oRN ID]OD GH÷LúNHQOLN DU] HWPHGL÷L J|UOPHNWHGLU
0D÷D]DGD KNP VUHQ DWPRVIHUGH GH÷LúNHQOL÷L RUWD\D NR\DQ NXUXOXúODU
YDU RODQ UQOHULQH \|QHOLN EHOLUOL ELU IL\DW GH÷LúNHQOL÷L SUHQVLELQH
\|QHOHELOPHDYDQWDMÕQDVDKLSROPDOÕGÕUODU(Varinli, 2005, s. 182).
3HUDNHQGHFLOHULQ DWPRVIHU NRQXVXQGD EHOLUOL ELU ND\QDN D\ÕUÕPÕQD JLWWLNOHUL YH EX
NRQXGDJHUHNOLJ|UOHQG]HQOHPHOHULJHUoHNOHúWLUHELOPHNLoLQoDEDODUDVDUIHWWLNOHUL
J|UOPúWU 5DNLSOHUL LOH UHNDEHW HGHELOPHN DGÕQD GH÷LúLP VUHFLQH X\XP
VD÷ODPDN D\UÕFDOÕNODUD |QHP YHUPHN SHUDNHQGH PD÷D]DODUÕQGD KNP VUHQ
DWPRVIHUL JHOLúWLUPHN YH L\LOHúWLUPHN DGÕQD \DSÕOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ LúOHPOHUGLU
(Kachaganova, 2008, s. 178).
%WQEXYHULOHUJ|]|QQGHEXOXQGXUXOGX÷XQGDPD÷D]DDWPRVIHULQLQWNHWLFLOHULQ
VDWÕQ DOPD GDYUDQÕúÕ ]HULQGH GR÷UXGDQ HWNLOHPH SRWDQVL\HOL WDúÕGÕ÷Õ
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576
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VDWÕQ DOPD VUHFLQGH SHUDNHQGHFLOHULQ PD÷D]D DWPRVIHUL\OH LOJLOL oDEDODPDODUÕ
gerekmektedir.
5HNDEHW$YDQWDMÕ2ODUDN0D÷D]D$WPRVIHULQLQ%Hú'X\X\D*|UH
øQFHOHQPHVL
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eGHFHN úHNLOGH NXOODQGÕ÷Õ J|]OHPOHQPLúWLU gUQH÷LQ PD÷D]D LoLQGHNL GHNRUDV\RQ
VHUJLOHQHQ IRWR÷UDIODU YH REMHOHU LOH PúWHULOHULQ VDWÕQ DOPD SRWDQVL\HOLQL DUWÕUDELOLU
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SRWDQVL\HOL WDúÕ\DQ J|UVHO IDNW|UOHU PD÷D]DQÕQ GÕú J|UQP PD÷D]DQÕQ Lo J|UQP PD÷D]DGD LQVDQ IDNW|U RODUDN NDUúÕPÕ]D oÕNPDNWDGÕUODU .DKYH
GQ\DVÕQDDLWJ|UVHOIDNW|UOHUHDúD÷ÕGDNLúHNLOOHULOH\HUYHULOPLúWLU
ùHNLO- .DKYH'Q\DVÕ'Õú0HNDQ Kaynak: www.pazarlamasyon.com
577 ùHNLO- .DKYH'Q\DVÕøo0HNDQ
Kaynak: www.turkkahvesidernegi.org
ùHNLO- .DKYH'Q\DVÕøQVDQ)DNW|U
Kaynak: www.kurumsalhaberler.com
0D÷D]D$WPRVIHULQGHøúLWVHO)DNW|UOHU
0D÷D]D DWPRVIHULQLQ |QHPOL ELU SDUoDVÕ GD P]LNWLU %D]Õ GXUXPODUGD PHNDQ
DWPRVIHU YH\D UQQ GH |QQH JHoHELOLU 0úWHUL GDYUDQÕúODUÕ\OD LOJLOL VRQ
G|QHPOHUGHWDUWÕúÕODQNRQXODUGDQELULPD÷D]DLoLP]LNROPXúWXU(Milliman, 1986, s.
286-289)0]LNPúWHULOHULQPD÷D]DLoLQGHL\LYDNLWJHoLUPHVLYHSR]LWLIELUWXWXP
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578
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R\QDPDNWDGÕU$\UÕFD oDOÕúDQSHUVRQHOLQNLúLVHONRNXVXROXPVX]IDNW|UOHULQEDúÕQGD
JHOPHNWHGLU gUQH÷LQ .DKYH 'Q\DVÕ PD÷D]DODUÕQGD NHVNLQ ELU NDKYH NRNXVXQXQ
KDNLPL\HWL YDUGÕU 0D÷D]DODUD JHOHQ PúWHULOHULQ EHNOHQWLOHULQL NDUúÕOD\DQ NDKYH
kokusu olumlu bir etkinin göstergesidir.
0D÷D]D$WPRVIHULQGH'RNXQPDYH+LVVHWPH)DNW|U
'RNXQPD GX\XVX PúWHULOHULQ KLVVHWPH YH DOJÕODUÕQGD |QHPOL ELU IDNW|UGU
0úWHULOHU UQ VDWÕQ DOPDGDQ |QFH GRNXQPD LKWL\DFÕ GX\DELOLUOHU hUQOHUH
GRNXQXOGX÷XQGDKLVVHGLOHQHWNLPúWHULOHULQPD÷D]D\ÕoHNLFLYH\DLWLFLEXOPDODUÕQÕ
VD÷ODU $\UÕFD PD÷D]DQÕQ KDYDODQGÕUPD VLVWHPLQLQ HWNLOL ELU LúOH\LúH VDKLS ROPDVÕ
gerekmektedir. (Kachaganova, 2008, s. 112)0D÷D]DLoLQGHRUWDPÕQDúÕUÕVÕFDNYH\D
DúÕUÕ VR÷XN ROPDVÕ PúWHULOHULQ VDWÕQ DOPD VUHoOHULQL HWNLOH\HQ XQVXUODUGÕU øNOLPH
X\JXQ PD÷D]D ÕVÕVÕ PúWHULOHULQ UDKDW YH NH\LIOL ELU úHNLOGH DOÕúYHULú \DSPDODUÕQGD
WHúYLNHGLFLELUXQVXUGXU
0D÷D]D$WPRVIHULQGH7DW)DNW|U
Tatla ilgili faktörlerden özellikle kafe, restoran ve yiyecek-içecek satDQ PD÷D]DODU
|Q SODQD oÕNPDNWDGÕU %X PD÷D]DODUGD \HU DODQ UQOHULQ WD]HOL÷L OH]]HWL GDPDNWD
EÕUDNWÕ÷Õ WDW KLM\HQ NRúXOODUÕ \L\HFHN YH LoHFHN ÕVÕODUÕ \L\HFHN YH LoHFHNOHUGH
NXOODQÕODQ PDO]HPHOHUJLELHWNHQOHUWDWLOHLOJLOL PúWHULQLQGLNNDWHWWL÷L XQVXUODUGÕU
(3HNWDús. 82).
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]LKLQOHULQGHNL DOJÕ\OD EHUDEHU ELU WDW NDYUDPÕ ROXúWXUXU )L]LNVHO LKWL\DoODUÕPÕ]Õ
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=LKLQGH \HU DODQ WDW LOH LOJLOL JHULELOGLULPOHULQ SR]LWLI \|QGH JHOLúPHVL PúWHULOHULQ
EXOXQGX÷X PD÷D]D\D \|QHOLN KLVOHULQGH ROXPOX GX\JXODU JHOLúWLULU %X GX\JXODUÕQ
ELU \DQVÕPDVÕ RODUDN PúWHULOHULQ ]LKLQVHO DQODPGD ROXPOX GúQFHOHU JHOLúWLUGL÷L
PD÷D]D\D \|QHOLN VDGDNDWLQGH WDW NDYUDPÕ HWNLOL ELU XQVXU \DUDWPDNWDGÕU Gezer, 2012, V gUQH÷LQ .DKYH 'Q\DVÕ PD÷D]DODUÕ |]HOOLNOH WDW YH UQ NDYUDPÕ
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LúELUOL÷L LOH YH \ÕOODUÕQGD JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ ³$90¶OHUGH (Q
%H÷HQLOHQ YH 7HUFLK (GLOHQ 3HUDNHQGH 0DUNDODUÕ´ DUDúWÕUPDVÕQGD .DKYH 'Q\DVÕ
579 UDNLSOHULQL JHULGH EÕUDNDUDN G|UW \ÕO VW VWH ³.DIH´ NDWHJRULVLQGH ³%LU QXPDUDOÕ
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]HULQGHNLUROLQFHOHQPLúWLU%XUDGDQ\RODoÕNDUDNSD]DUGDNLDUWDQUHNDEHWRUWDPÕ
GúQOG÷QGH SHUDNHQGH PD÷D]DODUÕQÕQ PúWHUL VD\ÕVÕQÕ DUWÕUPDN LoLQ PD÷D]D
DWPRVIHULQH |QHP YHUPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU 3HUDNHQGHFLOHU PúWHULOHULQ PD÷D]DGD
GDKDID]OD]DPDQJHoLUPHVLQLVD÷ODPDOÕYHKDUFDGÕNODUÕEX]DPDQLoHULVLQGHDOÕúYHULú
\DSPDLVWHNOHULQLDUWÕUPD\D\|QHOLNoDOÕúPDODU\DSPDODUÕJHUHNPHNWHGLU3HUDNHQGH
PD÷D]DODU PúWHULQLQ DOJÕ PHNDQL]PDVÕQGD DQODPOÕ ELU EWQON NXUPDOÕGÕU 'X\X
RUJDQODUÕ LOH J|UOHQ LúLWLOHQ WDGÕODQ NRNODQDQ YH GRNXQPD LOH ROXúDQ X\DUÕODU
ELUELUOHUL\OH X\XPOX ROPDOÕGÕU %Hú GX\X IDNW|UQQ PúWHULOHU ]HULQGH X\XP
VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕQGD LOJLOL PD÷D]DODU PúWHULOHU LoLQ WHUFLK HGLOPH NRQXVXQGD LON VÕUDODUD
\NVHOHELOLU 3HUDNHQGH VHNW|UQGH UQ YH\D KL]PHW YHUHQ PD÷D]DODU UDNLSOHULQH
NDUúÕ UHNDEHW DYDQWDMÕ HOGH HGHFHNOHUGLU *HOHFHNWHNL oDOÕúPDODUD ÕúÕN WXWPDVÕ
DPDFÕ\OD PD÷D]D DWPRVIHULQGH IDUNOÕ GH÷LúNHQOHU NXOODQÕODUDN NDQWLWDWLI DUDúWÕUPD
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KAYNAKÇA
$ND\GÕQ + 3HUDNHQGH 0D÷D]D $WPRVIHULQLQ 0úWHULOHULQ 6DWÕQ $OPD
.DUDUÕ h]HULQGHNL 5RO (VNLúHKLU øOLQGHNL $OÕúYHULú 0HUNH]L 0úWHULOHUL
ile %LU$UDúWÕUPD(VNLúHKLU7UNL\H$QDGROXhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU
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$UÕ.3HUDNHQGH0D÷D]DøPDMÕYH7NHWLFL7HPHOLQGHøQFHOHQPHVL$QNDUD
øOLQGH %LU 8\JXODPD $QNDUD 7UNL\H Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler (QVWLWVøúOHWPH$QDELOLP'DOÕ<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L
Arslan, F. M. (2011). 0D÷D]DFÕOÕNWD$WPRVIHU øVWDQEXO%HWD<D\ÕQFÕOÕN
Arslan, F. M., & Bayçu, S. (2006). 0D÷D]D $WPRVIHUL (VNLúHKLU $oÕN|÷UHWLP
FakültHVL<D\ÕQÕ
%D\NDOGÕ 5 7NHWLFLOHULQ 0D÷D]D $WPRVIHUL )DNW|UOHULQGHQ 5HQN 0]LN
YH .RNX¶\D .DUúÕ 7XWXPODUÕ øVWDQEXO 7UNL\H 0DUPDUD hQLYHUVLWHVL
6RV\DO %LOLPOHU (QVWLWV øúOHWPH $QDELOLP 'DOÕ <D\ÕQODQPDPÕú <NVHN
Lisans Tezi.
Bellizzi, J. A., Crowley, A. E., & Hasty, R. W. (1983). The Effect of Color in Store Design. Journal of Retailing, 21-45.
580
Berman, B. R., & Evens, J. R. (2010). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach, 11. Edition. New Jersey-USA: Prentice Hall International Inc.
Bruner, G. C. (1990). Music, Mood, ve Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 94-104.
dHOLN+$OÕúYHULú0HUNH]OHULQGH+L]PHW.DOLWHVL$OJÕVÕYH%LU$UDúWÕUPD
6OH\PDQ'HPLUHOhQLYHUVLWHVLøNWLVDGLYHøGDUL%LOLPOHU)DNOWHVL'HUJLVL, 433-448.
Demiralay, M. (2 3HUDNHQGH 6HNW|UQGH .DGÕQ dDOÕúDQ 6HoPH 6HEHSOHULQLQ
gUJWVHO 3HUIRUPDQVD (WNLVL ,VSDUWD gUQH÷L ,VSDUWD 7UNL\H 6OH\PDQ
'HPLUHO hQLYHUVLWHVL 6RV\DO %LOLPOHU (QVWLWV øúOHWPH $QDELOLP 'DOÕ
<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L
Ercan, S. (2014). HizPHW øúOHWPHOHULQGH 0D÷D]D $WPRVIHUL 2OXúWXUPDQÕQ 0úWHUL
Tercihleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. Adana, Türkiye: Çukurova Üniversitesi 6RV\DO %LOLPOHU (QVWLWV øúOHWPH $QDELOLP 'DOÕ <D\ÕQODQPDPÕú <NVHN
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