BIO 478
CANCER CELL
Genes associated with malignancy
• Protooncogenes
• Tumor suppressor genes
• Genes that regulate apoptosis
• Genes responsible for DNA repair
Oncogenes
• viral oncogenes (in the viral genome)
• cellular oncogenes (in the cell genome)
The Mechanism of Action of Oncogenes on the Cell
Protein Kinase Activity
• In cells, the general name of enzymes that provide metabolic control through protein phosphorylation is protein kinase.
• important in controlling growth
Growth Factor and Receptor Activity
• Mutation of genes encoding growth factors causes them to become oncogenic.
DNA Binding Activity
• Replication factor
• Transcription factor
Genome Activation
• point mutation
• chromosomal translocation
• gene amplification
• retroviral promoters
• antionkogen loss