BIO 478
CANCER CELL
The role of the p53 gene
• one of the most common mutating genes
• stop the cell cycle
• cause apoptosis
The genomic mechanism of cancer
• Genetic damage underlies carcinogenesis.
• Genetic cancer hypothesis
• There are three normal regulatory genes that are the main target of genetic damage:
1. Protooncogens that stimulate growth,
2. Tumor suppressor genes that inhibit growth 3. Genes that regulate apoptosis
Extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion
• Tumor cells separation
• Tumor cells attach to matrix components
• Excellular matrix rupture
• Movement and migration
• Cell-Extracellular Matrix Related to Invasion and Metastasis
-adhesion Molecules -integrins
-laminin receptors -CD44
Integrins
Heterodimeric cell surface molecules.
Laminin receptors
Tumor cells attach to the basement membrane with laminin receptors.
CD44
mediate the binding of tumor cells to hyaluronate.
