APPENDIX A Characteristics of Overhead Conductors

APPENDIX A

Characteristics of Overhead Conductors

A.1 Characteristics of Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced Conductors (ACSR)

A.2 Characteristics of All-Aluminum Conductors (AAC)

APPENDIX B Matlab Circuits

B.1 Full Load Circuit

B.2 Overload Circuit

B.3 Bundle Transmission Line (Solution 1)

B.4 Parallel Transmission Line (Solution 2)

Continuous

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA 1

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA

ABC

capacitor bank 10 MVA 2

1 Vref3

1 Vref1

v +-

Va L9

v +-

Va L8

v +-

Va L7

v +-

Va L6

v +-

Va L5

v +-

Va L4

+v -

Va L3

+v -

Va L2

+v -

Va L1

Va (V) L9 Va (V) L8

Va (V) L7

Va (V) L6 Va (V) L5

Va (V) L4

Va (V) L3

Va (V) L2 Va (V) L1

1.10675 Pref3

1.18921 Pref1

1 PSS model

m

Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M2: Turbine &

Regulators2

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M2 60MVA

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M1: Turbine &

Regulators1

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M1 60MVA L9 30 km

L7 60 km L6 60 km

L5 50 km L4 35 km1 L4 35 km

L3 60 km1

L3 60 km L2 20 km1 L2 20 km

L13 30 km1 L13 30 km L12 30 km1 L12 30 km

L11 45 km1 L11 45 km

L10 40 km L1 60 km1

L1 60 km

i+-

Ia L9

i+-

Ia L8

i+-

Ia L7

i+-

Ia L6

i+-

Ia L5

i+-

Ia L4

i+-

Ia L3

i+-

Ia L2

i+-

Ia L1

Ia (A) L9 Ia (A) L8

Ia (A) L7

Ia (A) L6 Ia (A) L5

Ia (A) L4 Ia (A) L3

Ia (A) L2 Ia (A) L1

PSSmodel Goto

A

B C a b c

B2

A

B C a b c

B1

ABC

9MW, 6.6MVAR 11.2MVA L5

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV2

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV1

ABC

abc

22 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

20MW, 14MVAR 24.4MVA L4

ABC

abc

17 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

16 MVA 66 kV/11 kV9

ABC

abc

16 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

15MW, 12MVAR 19.2MVA L7

ABC

15MW, 10MVAR 18.03MVA L8

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

14MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

14 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

12MW,7MVAR 13.9MVA L9

ABC

12MW, 8MVAR 14.22MVA L6

ABC

12.5MW, 9MVAR 15.4MVA L2

ABC

11MW, 8.5MVAR 13.9MVA L1

ABC

10MW, 7.5MVAR 12.5MVA L3

ABC

abc

10MVA 66 kV/11 kV

A B C

0.5 MW3

A B C

0.5 MW1

L8 50 km

B.4 Parallel Generators and Parallel Transmission Line (Solution 3)

Continuous

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA 1

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA

ABC

capacitor bank 10 MVA 2

1 Vref4

1 Vref3

1 Vref2 1

Vref1

v +-

Va L9

v +-

Va L8

v +-

Va L7

v +-

Va L6

v +-

Va L5

+v -

Va L3

+v -

Va L2

+v -

Va L1

Va (V) L9 Va (V) L8

Va (V) L7

Va (V) L6 Va (V) L5

Va (V) L3

Va (V) L2 Va (V) L1

Timer3

Timer2

com A B C a b c

Three-Phase Breaker3

com A B C a b c

Three-Phase Breaker2

1.27366 Pref4

0.609642 Pref3

1.21907 Pref2

0.636937 Pref1

1 PSS model

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M4: Turbine &

Regulators4

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M4 30MVA

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M3: Turbine &

Regulators3

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M3 30MVA

m

Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M2: Turbine &

Regulators2

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M2 60MVA

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M1: Turbine &

Regulators1

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M1 60MVA L9 30 km

L7 60 km L6 60 km

L5 50 km L4 35 km1 L4 35 km

L3 60 km

L2 20 km1 L2 20 km

L13 30 km1 L13 30 km L12 30 km1 L12 30 km

L11 45 km1 L11 45 km

L10 40 km L1 60 km

i+-

Ia L9

i+-

Ia L8

i+-

Ia L7

i+-

Ia L6

i+-

Ia L5

i+-

Ia L3

i+-

Ia L2

i+-

Ia L1

Ia (A) L9 Ia (A) L8

Ia (A) L7

Ia (A) L6 Ia (A) L5

Ia (A) L3

Ia (A) L2 Ia (A) L1

PSSmodel Goto

A

B C a b c

B2

A

B C a b c

B1

ABC

9MW, 6.6MVAR 11.2MVA L5

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV4

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV3

A

B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV2

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV1

ABC

abc

25 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV9

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

15MW, 12MVAR 19.2MVA L7

ABC

15MW, 10MVAR 18.03MVA L8

ABC

abc

15MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

15MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

12MW,7MVAR 13.9MVA L9

ABC

12MW, 8MVAR 14.22MVA L6

ABC

12.5MW, 9MVAR 15.4MVA L2

ABC

11MW, 8.5MVAR

13.9MVA L1

^ABC

10MW, 7.5MVAR

12.5MVA L3

A B C

0.5 MW4

A B C

0.5 MW3

A B C

0.5 MW2

A B C

0.5 MW1

L8 50 km

B.4 Distribution Generator (Solution 4)

B.4 Parallel Transformer (Solution 5)

1.0 wref (pu)4

1.0 wref (pu)3 1.0

wref (pu)1

Continuous

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA 1

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA

ABC

capacitor bank 10 MVA 2

1 Vtref (pu)4

1 Vtref (pu)3 1

Vtref (pu)1

1 Vref3

1 Vref1

v +- Va L9 v+

- Va L8

v+ - Va L7

v+ - Va L6 v+

- Va L5

v +- Va L4

+v - Va L3

+v - Va L2 +v - Va L1

Va (V) L9 Va (V) L8

Va (V) L7

Va (V) L6 Va (V) L5

Va (V) L4

Va (V) L3

Va (V) L2 Va (V) L1

Timer8

Timer7 Timer6

com A B C a b c Three-Phase Breaker8

com A B C a b c Three-Phase Breaker7 com

A B C a b c Three-Phase Breaker6

SM4

SM3 SM2

0.731335 Pref3

0.883849 Pref1

1 PSS model m

Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf M2: Turbine &

Regulators2 Pm Vf_

m A B C M2 60MVA

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf M1: Turbine &

Regulators1 Pm Vf_

m A B C M1 60MVA

Pm Vf_

m A B C M DG4 20MVA

Pm Vf_

m A B C M DG3 20MVA Pm

Vf_

m A B C M DG2 10MVA

L9 30 km

L7 60 km L6 60 km

L5 50 km L4 35 km

L3 60 km L2 20 km

L13 30 km L12 30 km

L11 45 km

L10 40 km L1 60 km

i+-

Ia L9

i+-

Ia L8

i+-

Ia L7

i+-

Ia L6

i+-

Ia L5

i+-

Ia L4

i+-

Ia L3

i+-

Ia L2

i+-

Ia L1

Ia (A) L9 Ia (A) L8

Ia (A) L7

Ia (A) L6 Ia (A) L5

Ia (A) L4 Ia (A) L3

Ia (A) L2 Ia (A) L1

PSSmodel Goto

wref Vtref m

Pm Vf Vt w Diesel Engine Speed & Voltage Control4 wref

Vtref m

Pm Vf Vt w Diesel Engine Speed & Voltage Control2

wref Vtref m

Pm Vf Vt w Diesel Engine Speed & Voltage Control1

A B C a b c B2 A

B C a b c B1

ABC

9MW, 6.6MVAR 11.2MVA L5

A B C a b c 65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV2

A B C a b c 65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV1

ABC

abc

25 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

20MW, 14MVAR 24.4MVA L4

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV9

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

abc

20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

A B C a b c 20 MVA 4.2 kV/70 kV4

A B C a b c 20 MVA 4.2 kV/70 kV3 A

B C a b c 20 MVA 4.2 kV/70 kV2

ABC

15MW, 12MVAR 19.2MVA L7

ABC

15MW, 10MVAR 18.03MVA L8

ABC

abc

15MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

15MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

12MW,7MVAR 13.9MVA L9

ABC

12MW, 8MVAR 14.22MVA L6

ABC

12.5MW, 9MVAR 15.4MVA L2

ABC

11MW, 8.5MVAR 13.9MVA L1

ABC

10MW, 7.5MVAR 12.5MVA L3

ABC

0.5 MW6

ABC

0.5 MW5

ABC

0.5 MW4

A B C 0.5 MW3

A B C 0.5 MW1

L8 50 km

Continuous

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA 1

ABC

capacitor bank 15 MVA

ABC

capacitor bank 10 MVA 2

1 Vref3

1 Vref1

v +-

Va L9

v +-

Va L8

v +-

Va L7

v+ -

Va L6

v+

-

Va L5

+v -

Va L3

+v -

Va L2

+v -

Va L1

Va (V) L9 Va (V) L8

Va (V) L7

Va (V) L6 Va (V) L5

Va (V) L3

Va (V) L2 Va (V) L1

1.04402 Pref3

1.06949 Pref1

1 PSS model

m

Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M2: Turbine &

Regulators2

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M2 60MVA

m Pref Vref PSS Pm

Vf

M1: Turbine &

Regulators1

Pm Vf_

m A B C

M1 60MVA L9 30 km

L7 60 km L6 60 km

L5 50 km L4 35 km

L3 60 km L2 20 km

L13 30 km L12 30 km

L11 45 km

L10 40 km L1 60 km

i+-

Ia L9

i+-

Ia L8

i+-

Ia L7

i+-

Ia L6

i+-

Ia L5

+

Ia L4

i+-

Ia L3

i+-

Ia L2

i+-

Ia L1

Ia (A) L9 Ia (A) L8

Ia (A) L7

Ia (A) L6 Ia (A) L5

Ia (A) L3

Ia (A) L2 Ia (A) L1

PSSmodel Goto

A

B C a b c

B2

A

B C a b c

B1

ABC

9MW, 5.7MVAR 10.7MVA L8

ABC

9.5MW, 6MVAR 11.2MVA L2

ABC

8MW, 5MVAR 9.4MVA L3

ABC

7MW,4.2MVAR 8.2MVA L9

ABC

6MW, 3.8MVAR 7.1MVA L6

A

B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV2

A B C a b c

65 MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV1

ABC

24MW, 18MVAR 30MVA L5

ABC abc

20 MVA

66 kV/11 kV

ABC

16MW, 12MVAR 20MVA L7

ABC abc

15MVA

66 kV/11 kV 1

ABC abc

15MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV3

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

abc

15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

12 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

ABC

abc

12 MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

11.2MW, 8.1MVAR 13.82MVA L1

ABC

abc

10MVA 66 kV/11 kV

ABC

abc

10 MVA 66 kV/11 kV2

ABC

abc

10 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1

A B C

0.5 MW3

A B C

0.5 MW1

L8 50 km

APPENDIX C PSS Circuit &Results

1

PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:20

FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT RATING

FULL LOAD SET A

BUS 1 B1 7.50 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU . 00 1

GENERATION 1 39.9 20.1R 44.7 63 7.9545KV TO 2 B2 66.0 1 1 39.9 20.1 44.7 65 1.0000RG BUS 2 B2 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0241PU -4.38 2

1 67.594KV TO 1 B1 7.50 1 1 -39.9 -16.5 43.2 65 1.0000UN TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 39.9 16.5 43.2 42

BUS 3 B3 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0241PU -4.38 3

1 67.594KV TO 2 B2 66.0 1 1 -39.9 -16.5 43.2 42

TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 19.5 4.4 20.0 63 TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 19.6 6.7 20.8 66 TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 .8 5.3 5.4 17

BUS 4 B4 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8864PU -9.26 4

1 58.504KV TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 -17.2 -3.3 17.5 64

TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 8.2 -3.9 9.0 33

TO 40 T1 11.0 1 1 9.0 7.1 11.5 86 .9000LO BUS 5 B5 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8761PU -10.92 5

1 57.822KV TO SHUNT .0 -11.5 11.5

TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 -7.9 3.8 8.8 33 TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 -1.6 1.1 1.9 7

TO 50 T2 11.0 1 1 9.5 6.7 11.6 88 .9000LO BUS 6 B6 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8777PU -9.62 6

1 57.930KV TO SHUNT .0 -11.6 11.6

TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 1.6 -1.8 2.4 9

TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 -9.6 -.7 9.6 36

BUS 8 B8 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9883PU -2.64 8

1 65.226KV TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 -.6 -6.2 6.2 20

TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 13.1 3.2 13.5 44 TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -20.5 -3.5 20.8 68

TO 80 T5 11.0 1 1 8.0 6.5 10.3 70 1.0000RG BUS 9 B9 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9062PU -5.32 9

1 59.809KV TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 7.5 -3.5 8.3 30

TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 -12.1 -3.1 12.5 45 TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -4.3 -.9 4.4 16

TO 90 T6 11.0 1 1 9.0 7.5 11.7 65 .9000LO BUS 10 B10 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU -.09 10

1 70.000KV TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 21.8 4.2 22.2 68

TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 25.5 6.5 26.3 80 TO 12 B12 66.0 1 1 12.7 9.9 16.1 49 TO 14 B14 66.0 1 1 -60.0 -20.6 63.4 60

BUS 11 B11 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9279PU -4.40 11

1 61.239KV TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 4.4 .4 4.4 16

TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -22.7 -4.7 23.2 81 TO 13 B13 66.0 1 1 8.3 -3.2 8.9 31

TO 110 T8 11.0 1 1 10.0 7.5 12.5 67 .9000LO BUS 12 B12 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9980PU -.32 12

1 65.869KV TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -12.0 -9.8 15.5 50

TO 120 T7 11.0 1 1 12.0 9.8 15.5 78 1.0000RG BUS 13 B13 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9105PU -6.55 13

1 60.092KV TO SHUNT .0 -8.3 8.3

TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -8.0 3.0 8.5 30

TO 130 T9 11.0 1 1 8.0 5.3 9.6 53 .9000LO BUS 14 B14 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU -.09 14

1 70.000KV TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 60.0 20.6 63.4 60

TO 15 B15 7.50 1 1 -60.0 -20.6 63.4 92 1.0000UN BUS 15 B15 7.50 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.1072PU 6.01 15

GENERATION 1 60.0 28.1R 66.2 94 8.3042KV

TO 14 B14 66.0 1 1 60.0 28.1 66.2 92 1.0000RG

BUS 40 T1 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9521PU -11.83 40

1 10.473KV TO LOAD-PQ 9.0 6.5 11.1

TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 -9.0 -6.5 11.1 78 .9000UN BUS 50 T2 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9426PU -13.69 50

1 10.369KV TO LOAD-PQ 9.5 6.0 11.2

TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 -9.5 -6.0 11.2 79 .9000UN BUS 60 T4 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9446PU -12.23 60

1 10.390KV TO LOAD-PQ 15.0 10.0 18.0

TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 -15.0 -10.0 18.0 76 .9000UN BUS 70 T3 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0160PU -8.71 70

1 11.176KV TO LOAD-PQ 8.0 5.0 9.4

TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 -8.0 -5.0 9.4 62 .9000UN BUS 80 T5 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9583PU -4.90 80

1 10.541KV TO LOAD-PQ 8.0 6.0 10.0

TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 -8.0 -6.0 10.0 70 1.0000UN BUS 90 T6 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9814PU -7.15 90

1 10.796KV TO LOAD-PQ 9.0 7.0 11.4

TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 -9.0 -7.0 11.4 58 .9000UN BUS 110 T8 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0060PU -6.33 110

1 11.066KV TO LOAD-PQ 10.0 7.0 12.2

TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -10.0 -7.0 12.2 61 .9000UN BUS 120 T7 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9644PU -2.82 120

1 10.608KV

TO LOAD-PQ 12.0 9.0 15.0

--- ---

1 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:21

FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT FULL LOAD

TRANSMISSION LINE LOADINGS ABOVE 100.0 % OF RATING SET A:

X---FROM BUS---X X---TO BUS---X CURRENT(MVA) BUS NAME BSKV AREA BUS NAME BSKV AREA CKT LOADING RATING PERCENT

* NONE *

--- ---

1 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:21

FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT FULL LOAD

TRANSFORMER LOADINGS ABOVE 100.0 % OF RATING SET A:

X---FROM BUS---X X---TO BUS---X MVA MVA BUS NAME BSKV AREA BUS NAME BSKV AREA CKT LOADING RATING PERCENT

14 B14 66.0 1 15* B15 7.50 1 1 66.2 65.0 101.9

--- ---

1 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:21

FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT FULL LOAD

BUSES WITH VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1.0500:

X--- BUS ---X AREA V(PU) V(KV) X--- BUS ---X AREA V(PU) V(KV)

1 B1 7.50 1 1.0606 7.955 10 B10 66.0 1 1.0606 70.000

14 B14 66.0 1 1.0606 70.000 15 B15 7.50 1 1.1072 8.304

BUSES WITH VOLTAGE LESS THAN .9500:

X--- BUS ---X AREA V(PU) V(KV) X--- BUS ---X AREA V(PU) V(KV)

4 B4 66.0 1 .8864 58.504 5 B5 66.0 1 .8761

57.822

6 B6 66.0 1 .8777 57.930 7 B7 66.0 1 .9357 61.754

9 B9 66.0 1 .9062 59.809 11 B11 66.0 1 .9279 61.239

13 B13 66.0 1 .9105 60.092 50 T2 11.0 1 .9426 10.369

60 T4 11.0 1 .9446 10.390

--- ---

1 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:21

FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT FULL LOAD

*********************** SUMMARY FOR COMPLETE SYSTEM

***********************

SYSTEM SWING BUS SUMMARY

BUS X---NAME---X X--- AREA ---X X--- ZONE ---X MW MVAR MVABASE

1 B1 7.50 1 [ ] 1 [ ] 39.9 20.1 70.6

24 BUSES 2 PLANTS 2 MACHINES 9 LOADS 26 BRANCHES 11 TRANSFORMERS 0 DC LINES

X--- ACTUAL ---X X--- NOMINAL ---X MW MVAR MW MVAR FROM GENERATION 99.9 48.2 99.9 48.2 TO CONSTANT POWER LOAD 88.5 61.5 88.5 61.5 TO CONSTANT CURRENT .0 .0 .0 .0 TO CONSTANT ADMITTANCE .0 .0 .0 .0 TO BUS SHUNT .0 -31.4 .0 -40.0 TO LINE SHUNT .0 .0 .0 .0 FROM LINE CHARGING .0 8.9 .0 9.9 VOLTAGE X--- LOSSES ---X X-- LINE SHUNTS --X CHARGING LEVEL BRANCHES MW MVAR MW MVAR MVAR 66.0 17 11.42 21.60 .0 .0 8.9 11.0 9 .00 5.38 .0 .0 .0