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Characteristics of DNA Week 2

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(1)

Characteristics of DNA

Week 2

(2)

DNA Composition

• 4 different nukleotides (A, T, C, G)

• Each nucleotide comprises of a phosphate, a sugar, and a base

• The sugar molecule in the DNA is deoxyribose (Ribose in RNA)

(3)

DNA Composition

lA & G purines lC & T pirimidines l[purines] = [pirimidines] l[A] = [T] ; [C] = [G] lA/T base pairs contains 2 hydrogen bonds

(4)

Structure of DNA

• Double-stranded helicoidal structure • Strands are in opposite direction and antiparallel to each other • Complementary strands are bounded with hydrogen bonds to each other • Strands have complementary sequences

(5)

OH

O

CH

2

Sugar

H

H

H

Structure of an Nucleotide

Adenosine Mono Phosphate (AMP)

OH

NH

2

N

N

N

N

Base

P

O

OH

HO

O

Phosphate 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 1’

Nukleotide

Nukleoside

H

+

(6)

-Pirimidines

NH

2

O

N

N

NH

N

Guanine

N

N

Adenine

N

N

NH

2

N

O

NH

2

N

O

NH

2

N

Cytosine

Uracil

(RNA)

CH

3

N

O

N

O

NH

N

O

N

O

NH

Thymine

(DNA)

Purines

(7)

-+

+

+

-Base Pairs

Guanine and Cytosine

(8)

+

-

Thymine

-+

Adenine

Base Pairs

Adenine and Thymine

(9)

Base Pairs

Adenine and Cytosine

-+

(10)

-Base Pairs

Guanine and Tyhmine

+

+

(11)

-H P O HO O O CH2 H OH P O O HO O O CH2 H P O OH HO O O CH2 NH2 N N N N O O NH2 N NH N N N O NH2 N

D

N

A

O H P O HO O O CH2 HO H H P HO O O CH2 O O H H2O H OH P O HO O O CH2 H2O

(12)

Watson - Crick

Modeli

Major space Minor space A T T A G C C G C G G C T A A T G C T A A T C G

-

--

--

--

(13)

-Physical Characteristics of DNA

lDNA absorbs 260 nm wavelength UV light lThis feature enables quantitation of DNA lDNA resolves in water lDNA precipitates in alcohols lDNA is a negatively charged molecule (electrophoresis) lDNA is very fragile and can be easily destructed with rigorous applications lDNA has a characteristic melting and binding temperatues

(14)

Preparation of samples to Polymerase Chain

Recation (PCR): Principles and Methods of

DNA Isolation

(15)
(16)

• Molecular cloning (antibacterial peptides, hormones, enzymes, etc. in E. coli) • Molecular diagnosis (PCR) • Hybridisation methods (Southern blotting) • Molecular Typing (RFLP) • Protection (i.e. DNA vaccines) • Forensic Medicine • Maternity / Paternity tests

(17)

Referanslar

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