İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Journal of Islamic Review

Journal of Islamic Review

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi - Journal of Islamic Review 10, 1 (2020): 1-25

DOI: 10.26650/iuitd.2020.683166 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article

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1Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding author:

Şahabettin Ergüven (Dr. Öğr. Üyesi), Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, Arap Dili ve Belagatı Anabilim Dalı, Çorum, Türkiye

E-posta: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-1389-5416

Başvuru/Submitted: 16.02.2020

Revizyon Talebi/Revision Requested:

06.03.2020

Son Revizyon/Last Revision Received:

09.03.2020

Kabul/Accepted: 11.03.2020

Atıf/Citation: Ergüven, Şahabettin. Arapçada Dönüşlülük (Mutâva‘at) Anlamı İfade Eden Mezid Fiiller. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi-Journal of Islamic Review 10/1, (Mart 2020): 1-25.

https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2020.683166

ÖZ

Arapçada fiillerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Sîbeveyhi’den günümüze gramerciler ister mücerred ister mezîd olsun fiil vezinlerine ve ifade ettikleri anlamlara ayrı bir önem vermişlerdir. Fiiller konusu gramer kitaplarında isim ve harflerle birlikte yer aldığı gibi, fiiller konusunda müstakil eserler de yazılmıştır.

Gramer kitaplarında fiiller çeşitli konu başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Bu başlıklara; ma‘lûm-meçhûl, müte‘addî-lâzım, sahîh-mu‘tel ve mutasarrıf- câmid başlıklarını örnek verebiliriz. Fiillerin önemli konu başlıklarından biri de türemiş (mezid) fiiller ve ifade ettikleri anlamlardır. Mezid fiillerin ifade ettiği anlamlardan biri de Sîbeveyhi’nin ifadesiyle ma‘lûm fiilin meçhul fiil anlam kazandığı mutâva‘at (dönüşlülük) konusudur. Mutâva‘at anlamı ifade eden fiiller gerek dini metinlerde gerekse Câhiliye dönemi Arap şiiri ve atasözlerinde kullanılmıştır. Biz bu çalışmada mutâva‘at kelimesinin sözlük ve terim anlamlarını, hangi mezid fiillerin mutâva‘at anlamı ifade ettiğini, mutâva‘at anlamlı fiillerin kullanım özelliklerini, gramercilerin mutâva‘at hakkındaki görüşlerini Kur’ân-ı Kerim, Arap şiiri ve atasözlerinden örnekler eşliğinde ele alıp inceleyeceğiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Arapça, gramer, mutâva‘at, mezid fiil, mücerred fiil

ABSTRACT

Verbs play a significant role in the Arabic language. Arab grammarians, from the time of Sîbeveyhî to the present day, have given special importance to verb patterns and their meanings whether they are mücerred (pure) verbs or mezîd (augmented) verbs. Generally, the verbs are studied in grammar books together with nouns and letters but we also see books dedicated to only verbs like the book of Kitâbu fa‘altü ve ef‘altü of Ebû İshâk ez-Zeccâc.

In grammar books, verbs have been dealt with under various sub-titles.

Ma‘lûm-meçhûl (active-passive), müte‘addî-lâzım (transitive – intransitive), sahîh-mu‘tel (sound-weak) and mutasarrıf-câmid (declinable – indeclinable) can be given as examples of these titles. Another important sub-topic of verbs is mezîd (augmented) verbs and their meanings. One of the meanings that mezîd verbs express is, with the expression of Sîbeveyhî, the subject of mutâva‘at (reflexivity) in which a ma‘lûm (active) verb gains the meaning of meçhul (passive). Verbs expressing mutâva‘at (reflexivity) were used both in

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religious texts and Arabic poetry and proverbs during the time before Islam (Câhiliyya). In this study, dictionary and lexical meanings of the word mutava‘at, the mezîd (augmented) verbs expressing mutâva‘at (reflexivity) meaning, the forms of the verbs with mutâva‘at (reflexivity), meaning in use, and grammarians’ opinion of mutâva‘at (reflexivity) will be examined in the light of examples from the Quran, Arabic poetry and proverbs.

Keywords: Arabic language, grammar, reflexivity, augmented verbs, pure verbs

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