Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
1974-1978Research Article
1974
The impact of information technology used in Iraqi universities on e-learning under of
COVID-19
Ali Manji Naji
1, Muhannd Kariem Abd Al_salihi
21Faculty of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. 2Faculty of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. 1[email protected], 2[email protected]
Article History Received: 10 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 28 April 2021
Abstract: The aim of the research is to demonstrate the role of information technology in improving e-learning in light of Covid 19. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire was designed to measure the relationship between the research variables. As the research sample consisted of a group of university professors, who numbered 450 teaching staff. As the research concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and electronic education in Iraq .
1. Introduction
The use of information and communication technologies has positive effects by improving the quality of the educational process and enabling educational institutions to keep pace with developments occurring in the surrounding environment. What is currently happening in the shadow of Covid-19 is a major incentive for educational institutions to work with quick and regular thanks by using technological means and developing the workers of these institutions in order to complete the process. educational according to the electronic education imposed on them. institutions in light of Covid-19. It has become imperative to know the impact of the technological means used in Iraqi universities and the extent of their ability to achieve educational goals through online learning .
Many studies in the Iraqi environment have focused on how to apply, the importance and barriers to applying e-learning in Iraq. There are also other studies that have focused on identifying the available capacities and challenges facing the use of technology in e-learning from the perspective of university students, as they are an essential part of the process. educational process. Many studies refer to the important and influential role of students in the success of educational programs. As current research aims to define the role of information technology in e-learning, as well as to assess the e-learning experience in Iraq.
2. Research methodology research problem
E-learning is currently the only solution to save education in the light of Covid 19. It also has an important role to play in promoting education concepts as it has an important role to play in integrating it. to traditional education. Due to the development of information technology which has enabled the application and development of online learning. Therefore, the research seeks to ask the following question:
Does information technology have a role to play in improving e-learning in light of Covid 19? research importance
The importance of research is the importance of the topic to be researched. As previous studies in Iraq did not mention in studies on information technology its role in e-learning, the research is therefore a good attempt to make a distinguished scientific contribution in this field in the environment. Iraqi .
research aims
The research aims to study the role of information technology in improving e-learning in Iraq . Hypotheses
The research hypotheses are as follows:
1-There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and the communication skills of e-learning students.
2- There is a statistically significant relationship between information and communication technologies and students' critical thinking skills in light of online learning .
3- There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and student decision-making skills in light of online learning.
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
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4 - There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and student participation and cooperation in the light of online learning.3. Theoretical framework Information Technology
Information technology is represented by the various systems by which information in all its forms is obtained, reduced, processed, circulated, and made available to the beneficiaries using computers and remote communications, which are mainly based on electronics. Therefore, information technology depends on two main areas: (computer technology and telecommunications technology) (Ali, 2002).
Haag & peter (1996) sees information technology as a set of tools that help its users to deal with information and accomplish activities or activities related to information processing. As seen.
The use of the international information network, the Internet in education, has led to the development of a bed in education, as the Internet has become a tool for research and discovery by professors and students, it has provided the possibility of communication with universities, research centers and libraries, and helps to benefit from the available information in addition to The possibility of participating in the dissemination of information and creativity. (Saadeh and Al-Sartawi, 2007)
Reasons for the need for information technology in education
The need to use information technology in education is for the following reasons: - (Saraya, 2007) 1-The increasing rate of global and technological growth .
2-The doubling of the population and the increase in the number of individuals wanting to learn . 3-The continuing need of society to prepare productive people.
4-Progress in the field of education and teaching methods .
5- The need to find non-traditional solutions to contemporary problems. Learning concept
Learning is not just about memorizing and remembering certain information. Rather, it is a continuous change in behavior for the better that happens as a result of counseling, and it will only happen if it gives teachers the opportunity to practice deeply. the thought and mental processes inherent in this assumption, conclusion, analysis, interpretation, prediction and application and other processes, and the course material should not be used as an end in itself, but rather as a means to achieve this learning (Al-Jubouri and Al-Sultani, 2013).
Learning: These are all relatively constant changes in all mental, social, emotional, linguistic and motor behavioral manifestations resulting from the individual's interaction with the physical and social environment (Zaghoul, 2012).
Learning characteristics
The most important characteristics of learning according to the previous definitions :-
1- It manifests itself in the form of a change in behavior or the emergence of a new behavior that did not exist before, and there are many examples of this in different learning situations, for example learning to practice cycling, acquiring vocabulary and memorizing a poem, all of which are manifestations of the emergence of new types of behavior that were not present in the learner. And there are other forms of behavior that the individual learns, even if that learning is not very clear, and that means social attitudes towards things, individuals, events, tendencies, ideals and values. skills included in social interaction, including the types of behavior that an individual learns without being useful to him, such as bad habits and morbid worries.
2-Learning goes through a response to a specific situation, that is to say the learner's response to a situation he is going through, and this situation includes a certain thing, a person or an event, which represents a kind of stimulation to which the learner responds under certain conditions and learning takes place (Ghobari & Abu Shaira, 2010 (
3-Learning is a continuous process without borders 0 which begins at birth and continues throughout life. During his life, a person is confronted with multiple environmental and social situations and stimuli 0, which obliges him to interact and respond to them
4-One of the other characteristics of learning is that it includes semi-permanent or relatively constant behavior change. Temporary behavior change is not considered learning, as this change should be characterized by stability
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
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and continuity, i.e. this change in individual behavior should be repeated in multiple situations, therefore, we note the emphasis on the need for the emergence of external performances that can be observed in order to judge the occurrence of the learning process in the individual5- The learning process does not include a specific behavior pattern, as change can include all behavioral aspects such as mental, kinetic, emotional, ethical and social, and change can be behavior for the better or for the better. the worst 0, i.e. the individual can learn acceptable behavior or bad behavior depending on the consequences of his interaction with multiple stimuli or situations (Zaghoul, 2012).
The importance of learning
Learning is an important place in a person's life on a continuous basis throughout the different stages of life, as we find that the child is born with a small number of reflective actions such as sucking and sucking. swallowing during breastfeeding, crying, hand and foot movements and excretion process, and these are innate actions that are inherited and not acquired, but the child quickly learns a lot. Among the movements are the simple and complex types of behavior throughout the following stages of his life, so he learns the language, habits, tendencies, tendencies, skills, arts, crafts and various sciences . and he does not only learn right or desirable things, but he can also learn bad habits that society rejects, but which not all he learns is necessarily voluntary. The child learns different aspects of the teacher's behavior, and the child may not feel, not even the teacher himself sometimes, that he is learning from his books and his peers, who are with him in the classroom. class, but he even learns from the physical organization of the school (Ghobari, Abu Shaira, 2010, p.11 )
Learning is necessary in many life situations because it is seen as the basis for behavior change. Hence, it affects most of our life situations. As teachers and parents are unable to change many aspects of maturity-related behavior, their efforts focus primarily on learning, as this is the primary means of individual acquisition. Lots of knowledge, skills and the formation of behavioral habits and attitudes which are the goal of the learning process (El-Sharkawy, 2012)
Learning factors
The learning process is characterized by its complexity from the point of view of the multiplicity of themes, variables and factors that affect it. These factors include the following :
1-maturation
The concept of maturity refers to all the variables which intervene on the physical manifestations of the individual, and which are governed by the genetic genetic scheme and in which environmental factors have no effect .
2-Readiness
Readiness refers to a situation where a person is able to learn a task or experience 0 and availability in many cases is related to the maturity factor, as the maturity factor provides individuals with skills and abilities that increase their willingness to learn an experience or acquire a talent.
3-motivation
Motivation is defined as an internal state which causes behavior in the individual and directs that behavior and maintains its continuity (Smith 1993). Motivation represents a state of deficiency or internal tension that must be reduced or alleviated which may arise due to internal factors such as hunger, for example, or external factors such as the need for appreciation 0 and motivation has a role in the event Learning is that it has three main functions in this regard, and they are represented in:
A- Generation and activation of behaviors
B- Directing behavior towards the goal (onentainion) C- Maintain the continuity and permanence of the behavior . 4-Training, practice and experience
This factor is one of the most influential factors in the learning process 0 and it is understood by experience or practice of the opportunities for interaction that take place between the individual and the material and social stimuli that he encounter in one's environment 0 as such opportunities and interactions contribute to providing the individual with experiences and information about different things and stimuli 0 and in the light of which the pattern of behavior towards these things is determined. According to the results of his interactions with her (Zaghoul, 2012, p. 85)
electronic education
Opinions diverge on the origins of e-learning, some believe its roots began in the late 1950s and 20th century and the emergence of programmatic learning, while others claim that its roots began in the late 1950s and 20th centuries and the emergence of programmatic learning. origins date back to the 70s when the emergence of
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
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computer-assisted learning. While others argue that the beginnings of e-learning can be traced to the use of computer networks in education, including the internet in the 1990s, there is therefore no agreed definition yet because the subject is still in the form of formation and instability due to its connection with modern technologies which are developing and developing day by day .Interest in e-learning concepts and problems arose in the eighties of the last century, and now the Allan Ornstein 1982 study is considered one of the first studies dealing with e-learning. , which clarified some of the big differences between this type of education. and traditional education and revealed the changes that must accompany the technical revolution, whether in the field of primary postulates and assumptions about teaching and learning or the theories of learning .
The twenty-first century has witnessed a great scientific and technological revolution, `` where technology was used in most educational institutions, so that the learner routinely became other non-traditional sources of learning and relied on these sources, which made traditional educational models incapable of meeting the demands of these developments, as well as the new variables and new challenges that characterize them, the century has a clear effect on education systems in general and in the university education in particular (Al-Mousawi, 2011) .
The stage of university education is considered the top of the educational pyramid, through which intellectual capital is prepared and developed, as it is a tool for modernization and development of society in the light of educational activities provided by the university to create an integrated scientific, technical, intellectual and cultural training in accordance with the demands of the time and its variables, and based on its techniques of activating the Fortunes of society (Al-Abadi, 2008)
And that the general development path of states and societies is affected by the rapid growth in the rates of technological innovations and scientific discoveries and by the extent to which such knowledge is used, as societies live in the age of technology (Al-Sunbul, 2002)
Validity and reliability of the tool
The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in online education. To determine the reliability of the instrument, the final questionnaire was randomly provided to the sample population and collected after completion. Using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the questionnaire had a high reliability for implementation. Data analysis through software - Its validity and reliability were calculated by SPSS software as α = 0.91.
research findings
1- There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and communication skills of students under e-learning .
variable t
n The significance
level α
Student communication skills 4.57
450 0.004
it is clear from the above table that there is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and communication skills of students under e-learning. If the significance level was less than (0.05 (
2-There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and students ’critical thinking skills in light of e-learning .
variable t
n The significance
level α
Students' critical thinking skills 3.179
450 0.02
It is evident from the above table that there is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and students ’critical thinking skills under e-learning. The significance level was less than (0.05 (
3-There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and students ’decision-making skills in light of e-learning .
variable t n The significance level α
Student decision-making skills 6.329
450 0.000
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
1974-1978Research Article
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It is evident from the above table that there is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and the decision-making skills of students in light of e-learning, if the significance level was less than (0.05 (4- There is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and student participation and cooperation in the light of online learning .
variable t
n The significance
level α
Student participation and cooperation 5.078
450 0.01
It is evident from the above table that there is a statistically significant relationship between information technology and students' participation and cooperation in light of e-learning, if the significance level was less than (0.05 (
4. Conclusions
In recent decades, the development in the field of information technology has led to great changes in various areas of human life. The development of information technologies, in particular the Internet, cell phones, computers and other technical means, has created new conditions in the world and has had a great impact on behaviors, skills, relationships and interactions. large-scale social, particularly in the field of education. What can be concluded from the results of this study is that information technology has a significant impact on improving the level and development of online learning, which has enabled institutions to teaching to face the challenges posed by Covid 19 .
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