تفرُّد الراوي وأثَرهُ في نَكارة الحديثِ في نقد ابن عبد البَر الأندلُسي ت 463 ه

ﻲﺴُﻟﺪﻧﻷا ِّﺮَـﺒﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑا ﺪﻘﻧ ﻲﻓ ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﻜَﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻩُﺮَـﺛأو يواﺮﻟا دﱡﺮﻔﺗ

ـﻫ

ت

THE UNIQUENESS OF THE NARRATOR AND HIS EFFECT ON THE BANISHMENT OF HADITHS IN THE CRITICISM OF

IBN ABD AL-BARR AL-ANDALUSI

RÂVİNİN TEFERRÜDÜ VE BU TEFERRÜDÜN İBN ABDİLBER’İN MÜNKER HADİSE YAPTIĞI TENKİDİN ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

M.Kamel KARABELLİ

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi, İslami İlimler Fakultesi, Hadis A. B. D. Dr. Lecturer, Mardin Artuklu University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences

E-posta: [email protected]

ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3114-6948 DOI: 10.47425/siirtilahiyat.785155

Makale Bilgisi | Article Information

Makale Türü / Article Type: Araştırma Makalesi/ Research Article Geliş Tarihi / Date Received: 27.8.2020

Kabul Tarihi / Date Accepted: 12.08.2020 Yayın Tarihi / Date Published: 30 Aralık 2020

Atıf / Citation: Karabelli, M. Kamel. Râvinin Teferrüdü ve Bu Teferrüdün İbn Abdilber’in

Mün-ker Hadise Yaptığı Tenkidin Üzerindeki Etkisi. Siirt Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7/2 (Aralık/2020), s. 555-572

İntihal: Bu makale, iThenticate yazılımınca taranmıştır. İntihal tespit edilmemiştir. Plagiarism: This article has been scanned by iThenticate. No plagiarism detected.

:ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ﺎﻣﺄﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﻟا ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ وأ ﻪﻔﺻو ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣإ ،ًاﺮﺛأ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟﺎﺑ يواﺮﻟا دﺮﻔﺘﻟ نأ ﻚﺷ ﻻ ﻪﺑ ِتﺄﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺎﻤﺑ يواﺮﻟا داﺮﻔﻧا ﻪﻧإ ُﺚﻴﺣ ﻦِﻣ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﻟ دﻮﻌﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﻓ ﻪﻔﺻو ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ دﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﻚﻟذ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﻟا ﻲﻓ فﻼﺘﺧﻻا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻨﻫﺎﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻤﻜﺣ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣأو ،ﻩُﺮﻴﻏ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﻢﺗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣو ،ﻚﻟذ مﺪﻋ وأ دﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﻬﺘﻴﻠﻫأ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ةاوﺮﻟا تﺎﺟرد وأ .دﺮﻔﺘﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا دوﺪﺤﻟا تدﺪﺤﺗو ،ًاﺮﻫﺎﻇ تﻼﺛﺎﻤﺘﻤﻟا ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺗأﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﻟا جذﺎﻤﻨﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ - ﻲﺴﻟﺪﻧﻷا ﺮﺒﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑا ﺪﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺮﻬﻇ ﻢﺛ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻟ ﺮﻬﻇو ،دﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷا ﻲﻓ ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟا نﺎﻴﺒﺑ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟا ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻨﻋ - ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا ﺎﻣ وأ ًﺎﺤﻳﺮﺻ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ درو ﺎﻣ ٌءاﻮﺳ ،ﻩﺪﻘﻧ ﻲﻓ َةرﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﺖﻋﺪﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﻟا دﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﻩﻮﺟو ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﺴﺑ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﺑ يواﺮﻟا دﺮﻔﺗ :ﻩﺪﻘﻧ ﻲﻓ ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﻲﻋاود ﻢﻫأ ﻦﻣ نﺎﻜﻓ ،ًﻻﻻﺪﺘﺳا ﻪﺘﻄﺒﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﻓاﻮﻳ ﻻ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﻲﻓ ةدﺎﻳﺰﺑ يواﺮﻟا داﺮﻔﻧا وأ .ﻩرﺎﻬﺘﺷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋاوﺪﻟا ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﺑ رﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻣأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﱠﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﺎﻤﻟ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ وأ ،سﺎﻴﻘﻟاو ﺮَﻈﱠﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ وأ عﺎﻤﺟﻺﻟ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻣ ؛تﺎﻘﺜﻟا داﺮﻔﻧا ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﻲﻋاود ﻦﻣو .ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟا ظﺎﻔﻟأ ﻪﺒﺸُﺗ ﻻ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟا ﻚﻠﺗ نﻮﻜﻟ وأ ،ﺎﻴﺘُﻔﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻤﺑرو ،ﻪﺑ لﻮﻘﻨﻤﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﻚﻟذ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ فوﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ،ًﻼﺻأ ٍﺐﻳﺮﻏ ٍدﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑ يواﺮﻟا .دﺎﻨﺳﻹا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻻإ فﺮﻌُﻳ ﻻ ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﻚﻟذ ُﻦﺘﻣ :ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟا تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا ةرﺎﻜﻧ ،ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ،دﺮﻔﺗ ،يواﺮﻟا ،ﺮﺒﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑا ،ﺚﻳﺪﺣ Abstract

There is no doubt that the narrator’s uniqueness of hadith has an effect, ei-ther from the point of describing it or from the point of judging him. As for his description, this is due to its meaning in the language, here the difference in the ruling is constructive in the form of that uniqueness or the degrees of the narrators in terms of their eligibility for that uniqueness or lack thereof. Then it appeared to us from the criticism of ibn abd al-barr his extreme atten-tion to the statement of negligence in the hadiths because of the uniqueness, and through the analysis it appeared to me the aspects of uniqueness that re-quired negligence in his criticism, whether what was explicitly stated or what i deduced as an inference, one of the most important motives for negligence in his criticism was: the narrator uniquely had a hadith with a well-known chain of narrators, including the reasons for his fame. Or the narrator alone with an increase in hadith that the trustworthy do not agree with; which includes a olation of consensus or a violation of consideration and measurement, or a vi-olation of what was settled by the fatwa, or because this addition does not re-semble the words of the prophet among the reasons for obnoxiousness he also has the narrator’s uniqueness with a strange chain of transmission.

Keywords:

Öz

Şüphesiz râvinin teferüddü, ya râvinin vasfı veya hüküm açısından hadisi et-kilemektedir. Râvinin vasfı üzerindeki etkisi lügat manasına rücu etmektedir. O da râvinin, başkası tarafından rivayet edilmeyen rivayette teferrüd etmesi demektir. Râvinin teferrüdünün hadisin üzerindeki hükümde ise ihtilaf söz konusudur. Bu ihtilaf da teferrüdün şekli veya râvilerinin teferrüde ehliyetle-rinin olup olmadığı derecelerine göre değişmektedir. Bundan olsa gerektir ki zahiren birbirine benzeyen terimlerinin ve teferrüdün bütün türlerinin sınırla-rı bellidir. Daha sonra İbn Abdilber el-Endelusî’nin -Temhîd adlı kitabındaki araştırdığım örnekler bağlamında- teferrüd sebebiyle hadislerdeki nekarete/ münkerliğe çok önem verdiğini gördük. Aynı şeklide araştırmam esnasında teferrüdün çeşitlerini de görmüş oldum. Bu da ister onun açık ifadelerinden isterse istidlal yöntemiyle sözlerinden istinbat ettiğim şekliyle olsun fark et-mez. İbn Abdilber’e göre rivayeti münker kılan en önemli gerekçe; râvinin, şöhretin şartlarını tam taşıyan bir rivayette yalnız kalmasıdır/teferrüd etmesi-dir. Veya râvinin, sika râvilerinin muvafık etmediği bir ziyadede bulunmasıdır. Öyle ki bu ziyade icma, düşünce, kıyas veya fetva ile karar kılınan bir şeye mu-halefet etmektedir. Veya râvi tarafından eklenen ziyadenin Hz. Peygamber’in ifadelerine benzememektedir. İbn Abdilber’in nezdinde rivayetteki münker-liğin başka bir sebebi de râvinin garip bir isnadda tek kalmasıdır. Öyle ki bu isnad sadece râvinin tefrrüd ettiği hadis ile bilinmektedir. Aynı şeklide bazen hadisin metni de sadece bu garib isnadla bilinmektedir.

Anahtar kelimeler:

Hadis, İbn Abdilber, Râvi, Teferrüd, Muhalefet, münker.

:_{ﻞﺧﺪُﻣ} ﺚﻴﺣ،ﺮﺒﺧوأﺚﻳﺪﺣﻞﻛﺔﻟﺎﺣﺐﺴﺤﺑ - مﻮﻠﻌﻣﻮﻫﺎﻤﻛ - ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋىﺪﻟﺪﻘﻨﻟاﺐﻧاﻮﺟتدﺪﻌﺗ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟﺾﻌﺑﺖﻧﺎﻛو ؛_{ﺎﻫُرﺎﻜﻧإ}ًاﺪﺣأ_{ﻊ َﺴَﻳ}ﻻ،ٍﺔﻐﻣاد _{َﻦﻴﻫاﺮﺑو ٍﺞﺠُﺣ}ﻰﻟإ_{ﻦﻳِﺪﻨَﺘﺴُﻣ}،ًﺎﻴﻓﺎﺷًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑﻚﻟذنﺎﻴﺒﺑاﻮﻣﺎﻗ وأ،ﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﻷاﻚﻠﺗلﺎﺼﺗاوأ،ﺔﻠَﻘﱠـﻨﻟاﺔﻟﺎﺤﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓ ؛ﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﻸﻟًﺔﻬﺟﻮﻣ - ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻞﻫأﻪﻤﻠﻌﻳﺎﻤﻛ - ﺪﻘﻨﻟا وأ ظﻮﻔﺤﻤﻠﻟ ًﺎﻀﻳأﺔﻔَﻟﺎﺨﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓ ؛ﻦﺘﻤﻟا ﺪﻘﻧﻰﻟإ_{ًﺎﻓوﺮﺼَﻣ} نﺎﻛﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑو .دﺎﻨﺳﻹا قﺎﻴ ِﺴﺑ ﺔﻔَﻟﺎﺨﻤﻟا .رﺎﺒﺧﻷاوأﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﻚﻠﺗقﺎﻴﺳﻲﻓﻲﻧﺎﻌﻤﻟاوأظﺎﻔﻟﻷاﻦﻣ_{ﺮَﻜﻨُﻳ}ﺎﻤﺑدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاوأ،ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻲﻓرﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟا قﺎﻴﺳﻲﻓﻲﻧﺎﻌﻤﻟاوأ ظﺎﻔﻟﻷاﻦﻣ _{ﺮَﻜﻨُﻳ}ﺎﻤﺑدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﺟﻰﻠﻋءﻮﻀﻟاﻂِّﻠﺳُأنأ _ُتدرأاﺬﻫ ﻲﺜﺤﺑﻲﻓو ِّﺮَـﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻖِّﻘﺤﻤﻟاﻆﻓﺎﺤﻟامﺎﻣﻹاﻮﻫوﻻأ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻢﻠﻋﺔﻤﺋأﻦﻣ ٍّﺬﻓٍمﺎﻣإٍﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓرﺎﺒﺧﻷاوأﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷا وأ ﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷا ﻲﻓ دﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟا ﻩﻮﺟو نﺎﻴﺑ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﺪﻘﻨﺑ ﻰﻨﺘﻋا ﺚﻴﺣ،1ه_٤٦٣ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻰﻓﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﱡيﺮَﻤﱠﻨﻟا .ٍلﺎﺤﺑ_{ﺔ ّﺠُﺤﻠﻟ}ﺢُﻠﺼَﺗﻻ ؛ًﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿنﻮﻜﺗﻚﻟﺬﺑﺎﻬﻧأو،ﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻜﻨﺑﻢﻜﺤﻟاﻲﻋﺪﺘﺴﻳﺎﻤﺑ،رﺎﺒﺧﻷا ،٢ط،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻟارﺎﻄﻌﻟاتﺰﻋ :ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗﺲﻟﺪﻧﻷاﺔﻤﺋأﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻲﻓﺔَﻠ ِّﺼﻟا،لاﻮُﻜ ْﺸَﺑﻦﺑا :ﻲﻓﻪﺘﻤﺟﺮﺗﺮﻈﻧا () 1

:ﺔﺳارﺪﻟافﺪﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻜﻟ ؛ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاناﺰﻴﻣﻲﻓةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﻢﻜﺤﻠﻟﺔﻴﻋﺪﺘﺴﻤﻟادﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻩﻮﺟوﻦﻋﻒﺸﻜﻟاﻰﻟإﺔﺳارﺪﻟاﻩﺬﻫفﺪﻬﺗ ﱡﺪﻌﻳيﺬﻟا،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟاﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓﺎﻬﺿﺮﻌﺑ_{ﻊّﺳﻮﺗ}ﺚﻴﺣ،ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟاﻢﻬﺋارآوﻢﻬﻟاﻮﻗﺄﺑ_{ﱡﺪﺘﻌُﻳ}ﻦﻳﺬﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟادﺎﻘﻧﻦﻣًاﺪﺣاو ﺚﺤﺒﻟافﺪﻬﻳﺎﻤﻛ_{،ﺮِﻇﺎﻨُﻤـﻟا}ءﺎﻛذو،ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻟاﺔﻟﺎﺻأو،ﺪﻗﺎﻨﻟاﺔﻳﺮﻘﺒﻋﻪﻴﻓﺮﻬﻇأﺪﻗو،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﺄﻃﻮﻣحوﺮﺷ_ِّﻢﻫأﺪﺣأ .دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﻪﻴﻠﻋ_{ﻢَﻜَﺣ}ﺎﻤﻴﻓﺪﻘﻨﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋﻦﻣﻪﻴﻘﺑﺎﺳﻦﻴﺑوﻪﻨﻴﺑﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻤﻟاىﺪﻣﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ :ﺚﺤﺒﻟاﺞﻬﻨﻣ :ﻦﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣﺚﺤﺒﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓ ُﺖﻜﻠﺳ .ﺮﻜﻨﻤﻟﺎﺑﻩﺎﻳإﻪﻔﺻوو،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟابﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻪَﻔﱠﻌﺿﺎﻣءاﺮﻘﺘﺳﺎﺑﻚﻟذو :ﻲﺋاﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻاﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟا -١ ﻦﺑارﻮﻈﻨﻣﻦﻣﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻜﻧﻪﺟونﺎﻴﺒﺑ ؛ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑجذﺎﻤﻨﻟاﻚﻠﺗءاﺮﻘﺘﺳاﺪﻌﺑﺖﻤﻗﺚﻴﺣ :ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟاﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟا -٢ ﻪﻣﱠﺪﻘَﺗ_{ﻦَﻣﻢﻜُﺣ}ﺮﻛﺬﺑ_{ﻪُﻠِّﻳَذأ}ﻢﺛ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﻢﱠﻠﻜﺗﻲﺘﻟاﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﺮﺛﺈﺑﺎﻫدرﻮﻳﻲﺘﻟاﻪﺠﺠﺣوﻪﺗاﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗﺐﺴﺤﺑ،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ .ﻢﻬﻟًﺎﻘﻓاﻮﻣ_{ﺎﻫَﺮﻜﻧَأ}ﻲﺘﻟا َﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﻚﻠﺗ_{َﺮَﻜﻧأ}ﻦﻤﻣﺔﻤﺋﻷاﻦﻣ :ﺚﺤﺒﻟاﺔﻄﺧ ءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟايأرو،ﻪﺗادﺮﻔﻣﻢﻫﻷًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑﺚﺤﺒﻟايَﺪﻳﻦﻴﺑمِّﺪﻗأنأًﻻوأﻲﻨﻣﻚﻟذﻰﻀﺘﻗاﻪﻧﺎﻴﺑوﻚﻟذحﺎﻀﻳإﻞﺟﻷو ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑايأرﻦﻋﺚﻳﺪﺤﻠﻟ ًﺔﺌﻃﻮﺗﻚﻟذنﻮﻜﻴﻟ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟادﺎﻘﻧىﺪﻟةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑدﺮﻔﺘﻟاﺔﻠﺻنﺎﻴﺑو،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺨﺑ_{ُﻢِﺘﺧأ}ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑو،ﻚﻟﺬﺑﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ_{َﻢَﻜَﺣ}ﻲﺘﻟاﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷالﻼﺧﻦﻣﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻲﻓةرﺎﻜﱠﻨﻟاﻩﻮﺟونﺎﻴﺑﻲﻓيﺪﻘﻨﻟا .ﺚﺤﺒﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓﻪﻴﻟإ ُﺖﻴﻬﺘﻧاﺎﻣﱠﻢﻫأﺎﻬﻴﻓﺺ ِّﺨﻟأ :ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ_{جِّﺮﻌَﻧ}نأ ؛ﻩﺪﻨﻋﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاةرﺎﻜَﻧﻲﻓﻩﺮَﺛأو،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﺚﺤﺑﻲﻓعوﺮﺸﻟاﻞﺒﻗ ﺪﺑﻻ .ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاﻂﺒﻀﻧنأﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻧﻰﺘﺣ،ﺮﻜﻨﻤﻟاودﱡﺮَﻔﱠـﺘﻟاﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟادﺎﻘﻧىﺪﻟةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﻪﺘﻠﺻنﺎﻴﺑو،دﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻰﻨﻌﻣنﺎﻴﺑ .١ نﻮﻘﻠﻄﻳﻦﻴﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟادﺎﻘﻨﻟاﻦﻣًاﺮﻴﺜﻛﺪﺠﻧاﺬﻬﻟو، ٍتﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣو _{َﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ} ةّﺪﻋﻰﻠﻋقُﺪﺼﻳ،ﱞمﺎﻋﻆﻔﻟدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟا نﻮﻘﻠﻄﻳو،ﻚﻟﺬﻛذوﺬﺸﻟاﻰﻠﻋةرﺎﻜﻨﻟانﻮﻘﻠﻄﻳﺎﻤﺑرو،ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاوأ،باﺮﻏﻹاوأ،ذوﺬﺸﻟاﻪﺑنوﺪﺼﻘﻳودﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻆﻔﻟ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻦﻴﺑاﻮﻗﺮﻓﺪﻗحﻼﻄﺻﻻاﻞﻫأنأﺮﻴﻏ،2_{ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاﻪﺑنوﺪﻳﺮﻳوذوﺬﺸﻟانﻮﻘﻠﻄﻳو،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻖﻠﻄﻣذوﺬﺸﻟا} .ﺎﻬﻄﺴﺑﻞﺤﻣﺎﻨﻫﺲﻴﻟ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗدتﺎﻗوﺮﻔﺑتﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟاو :دﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻰﻨﻌﻣنﺎﻴﺑ .١ .١ ﻚﻟذﻲﻓﺐﺒﺴﻟاو،ﻦﻴﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋلاﻮﻗأﻦﻣٍءﻲﺷﻲﻓﻪﻟ _{ٍﺢﻳﺮﺻ}ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﻰﻠﻋﻒﻗأﻢﻠﻓدﱡﺮَﻔﱠـﺘﻟاﺎﻣأ مﻼﻛعﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣﻪُﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳاﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳﻦﻜﻟو،ﻪﺑﻞﺼﺘﺗﻲﺘﻟاﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻟاوتﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟا ﻦﻣﻪﺗﺎﻘﱠﻠﻌﺘﻣوﻪﻋوﺮﻓةﺮﺜﻛ ،ّذﺎﺸﻟاﻦﻋﻪﺜﻳﺪﺣﻲﻓﺮﺸﻋﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟاعﻮﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻪﻟﺎﻗﺎﻣﺎﻬﻨﻣ،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻦﻋﺎﻬﻴﻓثﺪﺤﺗةﺪﻋﻊﺿاﻮﻣﻲﻓحﻼﺼﻟاﻦﺑا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،٣ط،ءﻼﺒﻨﻟامﻼﻋأﺮﻴﺳ،ﻲﺒَﻫﱠﺬﻟاو ؛٦٤٢-٦٤٠ص (١٩٥٥ ،ﻲﺠﻧﺎﺨﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) .١٦٣-١٥٣ص،١٨ج (١٩٨٥ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ،ءﺎﻗرﺰﻟا :ندرﻷا) ،ﺪﻴﻌﺳمﺎﻤﻫ .د :ﺢﻣ،يﺬﻣﺮﺘﻟاﻞﻠﻋحﺮﺷ،ـﻫ٧٩٥ت،ﻲﻠﺒﻨﺤﻟاﺐﺟرﻦﺑا :ﺮﻈﻧا () 2 .٦٦٠-٦٢٤ص،٢ج (١٩٨٧ ،رﺎﻨﻤﻟا

ﺪﻨﻋﻦﻴﺛﻼﺜﻟاويدﺎﺤﻟاعﻮﻨﻟاﻲﻓًﺎﻀﻳأﻪﻟﺎﻗﺎﻣو،داﺮﻓﻷاﻦﻋﻪﻣﻼﻛﺪﻨﻋﺮﺸﻋﻊﺑﺎﺴﻟاعﻮﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻚﻟﺬﻛﻪﻟﺎﻗﺎﻣو .3ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاوﺐﻳﺮﻐﻟاﻦﻋﻪﺜﻳﺪﺣ ٌءاﻮﺳ ؛ﻩﺮﻴﻏﻪﻴﻓ_{ﻪُﻛرﺎﺸُﻳ}ﻻٍءﻲﺸﺑيواﺮﻟا_{دِﺮَﻔﻨَﻳ}نأ :ﻪﻧﺄﺑدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳﻪﻟاﻮﻗأعﻮﻤﺠﻣلﻼﺧﻦﻣو ﻦﱠﻤ َﻀَﺗًاداﺮﻔﻧاوأ،ٍﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣنودًاداﺮﻔﻧانﺎﻛ_{ٌءاﻮﺳو}،ًﺎﻌﻣﺎﻤﻬﻴﻓوأ،ﻦﺘﻤﻟاﻲﻓوأدﺎﻨﺳﻹاﻲﻓُداﺮﻔﻧﻻانﺎﻛ ._{ًﺎّﻣﺎﻋ}وأًﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟنﺎﻛءاﻮﺳو،ًﺎﻴﺒﺴِﻧوأًﺎﻘَﻠﻄُﻣُداﺮﻔﻧﻻاﻚﻟذنﺎﻛ_{ٌءاﻮﺳو}،ًﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ :_{دﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟﺎﺑﻪُﺘﻠ ِﺻو}ﺮﻜﻨﻤﻟا .٢ .١ دﺮﻔﻧاﺎﻣ» :لﺎﻗﺚﻴﺣ،ﻲﻧﻼﻘﺴﻌﻟاﺮﺠﺣ _ُﻦﺑاﻪﺑﻪﻓﱠﺮﻋﺎﻣﻮﻫﺮﻜﻨﻤﻟاﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﻲﻓﻪﻴﻠﻋ _{ُﺖﻔﻗو}ﺎﻣ _{ُﻊَﻤﺟأ} ﺪﻫﺎﺷﻻوﻪﻟﻊﺑﺎﺘﻣﻻءﻲﺸﺑﺾﻌﺑنودﻪﺨﻳﺎﺸﻣﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓﻒﱠﻌﻀﻤﻟاوأﻆﻔﺤﻟاءﻮﺴﺑفﻮﺻﻮﻤﻟاوأرﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻮﻬﻓ،ﻚﻟذﻲﻓﻒﻟﻮُﺧنإو،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻞﻫأﻦﻣﺮﻴﺜﻛقﻼﻃإ ﻲﻓﺪﺟﻮﻳيﺬﻟاﻮﻫو_{،ﺮﻜﻨُﻤﻟاﻲَﻤﺴﻗ}ﺪﺣأاﺬﻬﻓ .4_«ﻦﻳﺮﺜﻛﻷايأرﻰﻠﻋﺪﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟاﻮﻫوﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟاﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ _{ُدﺎﻘﻨﻟا} ءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟا _{ﻪﻘِﻠﻄُﻳ} ٌﻒﺻو ةرﺎﻜﱠﻨﻟا :لﻮﻘﻨﻓ دﺮﻔﺘﻟﺎﺑ ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺎﻧدرأ اذإو :ﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷا ﻪﺨﻳﺎﺸﻣ ﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓ _{ُﻒﱠﻌﻀُﻤـﻟا} وأ ،ﻆﻔﺤﻟا ءﻮﺴﺑ ُفﻮﺻﻮﻤﻟاوأ _{،ُرﻮُﺘﺴَﻤـﻟا}ﻪﺑ دﺮﻔﻧا» يﺬﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا .١ يﺬﻟاﻮﻫو،ﺪِﻫﺎﺷﻻوﻪﻟ_{ﻊِﺑﺎﺘُﻣ}ﻻﺎﻤﺑ_{،ﻩﺪ ُﻀﻌَﻳ}ٍﺪ ِﺿﺎﻋﺮﻴﻐﺑ_{لﻮُﺒَﻘﻟﺎﺑ}ﻢﻬﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟ_{ﻢَﻜﺤُﻳ}ﻻﻦﻤﻣ،ﻢﻫﻮﺤﻧوأ،ًﺔﺻﺎﺧ .«ﻲﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟاوﺪﻤﺣﺄﻛ_{،ﻦﻴﺛِّﺪﺤُﻤـﻟا}ﻦِﻣٍﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟﻪﻴﻠﻋ_{ﺮَﻜﻨُﻤـﻟا}قﻼﻃإﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻪﺨﻳﺎﺸﻣﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓ _{ُﻒﱠﻌﻀُﻤـﻟا}وأ،ﻆﻔﺤﻟاءﻮﺴﺑ ُفﻮﺻﻮﻤﻟاوأ_{،ُرﻮُﺘﺴَﻤـﻟا}ﻪﻴﻓ_{ﻒِﻟﺎﺨُﻳ}» يﺬﻟا ُﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا .٢ .5_«ﻢﻫﻮﺤﻧوأ،ًﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑﻰﻠﻋ_{جِّﺮﻌُﻨﺳ} ٍبﺎﺒﺳﻷ_{،ﻞَﻤَﺘﺤُﻳ}ﻻﺎﻤﺑﻩدﱡﺮﻔﺗدﱠﺮﺠﻤﻟةرﺎﻜّﻨﻟﺎﺑﺔﻘﺜﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺣﻰﻠﻋدﺎّﻘﱡـﻨﻟا_{ﻢَﻜَﺣ}ﺎﻤﺑرو لﺎﻗ،ًﺎﻘﻴﻗدًاﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗﺮﻣﻷااﺬﻫﻲﻠﺒﻨﺤﻟاﺐﺟرﻦﺑارﱠﺮﺣﺪﻗو،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻨﻋ_{ةرﺎﻜّﻨﻟا}ﻩﻮﺟوﻦﻋﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺪﻨﻋ ﻻﻪﻧأﻪَﻓﻼﺧتﺎﻘﺜﻟاوﺮﻳﻢﻟنإوﺪﺣاوﻪﺑدﺮﻔﻧااذإﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻲﻓنﻮﻟﻮﻘﻳﻢﻬﻧﺈﻓﻦﻴﻣﺪﻘﺘﻤﻟاظﺎﻔﺤﻟاﺮﺜﻛأ» :ﻪﻴﻓ يﺮﻫﺰﻟﺎﻛﻪُﺜﻳﺪﺣوﻪُﺘﻟاﺪﻋتﺮَﻬَـﺘﺷاوﻪُﻈﻔِﺣ ﺮُﺜﻛﻦﻤﻣنﻮﻜﻳنأﻻإﻢﻬﻠﻟا،ﻪﻴﻓًﺔﻠﻋﻚﻟذنﻮﻠﻌﺠﻳو،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ_{ﻊَﺑﺎﺘﻳ} ﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋﺲﻴﻟو، ﱞصﺎﺧٌﺪﻘﻧﺚﻳﺪﺣﻞﻛﻲﻓﻢﻬﻟو،ًﺎﻀﻳأرﺎﺒﻜﻟاتﺎﻘﺜﻟاتادﱡﺮﻔَﺗ َﺾﻌﺑ_{نوُﺮِﻜﻨﺘﺴَﻳ}ﺎﻤﺑرو،ﻩﻮﺤﻧو .6_«ﻪُﻄِﺒﻀَﻳ ٌﻂﺑﺎﺿﻚﻟﺬﻟ جذﺎﻤﻧﻰﻠﻋﻪﻟ _{ُﺖﻔﻗو}ﺪﻘﻓ،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﺐﺒﺴﺑةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاﺐﻧﺎﺟﻦﻋثﺪﺤﺗﺄﺳاﺬﻫﻲﺜﺤﺑﻲﻓو .ﻪﻠﻟاءﺎﺷنإﻞﻴﺼﻔﺘﻟﺎﺑﺎﻬﻟوﺎﻨﺗﺄﺳٍةّﺪﻋٍﻩﻮﺟوﻦﻣﺐﺒﺴﻟااﺬﻬﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗةﺪﻳﺪﻋ :_{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاةرﺎﻜَﻨﻟﺔﺒِﺟﻮﻤﻟادﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاُﻩﻮﺟُو .٢ ﺮﻜﻔﻟاراد،ﺮﻜﻔﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ،ﺎﻳرﻮﺳ) ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟامﻮﻠﻋعاﻮﻧأﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ،ـﻫ٦٤٣ت،يروُزُﺮﻬﱠﺸﻟاحﻼﺼﻟاﻦﺑا () 3 .٢٧١-٢٧٠ص،٨٨ص،٧٩ص (١٩٨٦ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟا .٦٧٥ص،٢ج،ﺖﻜﻨﻟا،ﺮﺠﺣﻦﺑا)) 4 :ﺢﻣ،ﺔﻨﺴﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) ﻲﻗاﺮﻌﻠﻟﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺔﻴﻔﻟأحﺮﺸﺑﺚﻴﻐﻤﻟاﺢﺘﻓ،ـﻫ٩٠٢تﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺲﻤﺷ،يوﺎ َﺨﱠﺴﻟا () 5 .٢٥٠ص،١ج (٢٠٠٣ ،١ط،ﻲﻠﻋﻦﻴﺴﺣﻲﻠﻋ .٥٨٢ص،٢ج،ﻞﻠﻌﻟاحﺮﺷ () 6

صﻮﺼﻧةﺪﻋلﻼﺧﻦﻣ_{،ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻰﻠﻋﻢﻜﺤﻠﻟﺔﺒِﺟﻮﻤﻟادﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻩﻮﺟوتدﺪﻌﺗ قﺎﻴِﺳﻦﻣ_ﻪُﻳأرﺎﻬﻴﻓ_{ﻢﻬﻔُﻳ}ﻦﻜﻟ،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻪﺟوﻰﻠﻋ ﱠﺺﻨﻳﻢﻟﻚﻟذﺾﻌﺑو،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻪﺟﻮﺑ_{ًﺎﺣِّﺮﺼﻣ}ﻪﻳأرﺎﻬﻴﻓ_{يِﺪﺒُﻳ}نﺎﻛ ،تﺎﻘﺜﻟاﺔﻬﺟﻦِﻣﻚﻟذﻦِﻣﻊﻗوﺎﻣ_ٌءاﻮﺳ،ةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑ_{ِّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ_ُﻦﺑاﻪﻴﻠﻋ_{ﻢَﻜَﺣ}ﺎﻤﻣدﱡﺮَﻔﺘﻟا_{ُرﻮ ُﺻ}تَدﱠﺪﻌﺗﺪﻗو،ﻪﻣﻼﻛ .ءﺎﻔﻌﻀﻟاﺔﻬﺟﻦِﻣﻊﻗوﺎﻣوأ :ﻲﻫ_{ﺮَﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ ِﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺔﺒِﺟﻮﻤﻟادﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻩﻮﺟوزﺮﺑأو نﻮﻜﻳو،ﻦﻴﻓوﺮﻌﻣتﺎﻘﺛةاورﻦﻋ،ٍرﻮﻬﺸﻣٍدﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑ،ﻩﺮﻴﻏﻪﻴﻓ_{ﻪﻛرﺎﺸُﻳ}ﻻو،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺔﻳاوﺮﺑيواﺮﻟادﱡﺮﻔﺗ -أ ﻰﻠﻋوأ،ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟامﺎﻜﺣﻷاﻦﻣ_{ٍّﻢﻬُﻣٍﻢﻜُﺣ}ﻰﻠﻋﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳﻪﻧﻮﻜﻟ ؛«ﻪﺘﻳاورﻰﻠﻋﻲﻋاوﱠﺪﻟاﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ» ﺎﻤﻣﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻚﻟذ دﺎﻨﺳﻹاﻚﻟﺬﺑيواﺮﻟاﻚﻟذﻪﺑدﺮﻔﻨﻳﻚﻟذﻊﻣو،بادﻵاوﻦﻨﺴﻟاﻦﻣ َﺪﺋاﻮﻓﻰﻠﻋوأ_{،ﻪُﺘَـﻓﺮﻌَﻣ ُﺐﺠﻳ}ﺎﻤﻣ_{ٍﻢﻴﻈﻋ}ٍﺮﻣأ .رﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟا دﺮﻔﻨﻳ،ﻪﻴﻓةﺮﻜﻨﻣٍةدﺎﻳزةرﺎﻜﻨﺑﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _{ُﻦﺑاﻢﻜﺤَﻳ}ﻦﻜﻟ،ﻦﺘﻤﻟاودﺎﻨﺳﻹا َفوﺮﻌﻣ ُﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟانﻮﻜﻳﺪﻗو -ب ﻰﻠﻋﺎﻬﻟﺎﻤﺘﺷا :ﻚﻟذﻦﻤﻓ ؛تادﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻚﻠﺗةرﺎﻜﻧبﺎﺒﺳأﻩﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗو ؛تﺎﻘﺜﻟاﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﻪﻘﻓاﻮﻳﻻو،يواﺮﻟاﺎﻬﺑ ﺎﻤﻟﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻪﻴﻓﺎﻣﻰﻠﻋﺎﻬﻟﺎﻤﺘﺷاوأ .سﺎﻴﻘﻟاوﺮَﻈﱠﻨﻠﻟﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻪﻴﻓﺎﻣﻰﻠﻋﺎﻬﻟﺎﻤﺘﺷاوأ .عﺎﻤﺟﻺﻟﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻪﻴﻓﺎﻣ .ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟاظﺎﻔﻟأﻪﺒﺸُﺗﻻﺎﻬﻧﻮﻜﻟوأ .ﺎﻴﺘُﻔﻟاﺮﻣأﻪﻴﻠﻋﱠﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻲﻓفوﺮﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏ،ًﻼﺻأ ٍﺐﻳﺮﻏٍدﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑيواﺮﻟاداﺮﻔﻧﻻةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻰﻠﻋﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻢﻜﺤﻳﺎﻤﺑرو -ج .ﻪﺑلﻮﻘﻨﻤﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻚﻟذﺮﻴﻏ .دﺎﻨﺳﻹاﻚﻟﺬﺑﻻإ_{فﺮﻌُﻳ}ﻻ ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻚﻟذ _ُﻦﺘﻣنﻮﻜﻳنأﻚﻟذﻰﻟإ_{فﺎﻀُﻳ}ﺎﻤﺑرو -د :ًﻼ ﱠﺼﻔﻣﻚﻟذنﺎﻴﺑﻲﻠﻳﺎﻤﻴﻓو ﺪَﻨ ﱠﺴﻟﺎﺑ يواﺮﻟا ﻚﻟذ ﻪﻳوﺮﻳ ،ﻪِﺘﻳاور رﺎﻬِﺘﺷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋاوﱠﺪﻟا ﺮﱠﻓﻮﺘَﺗ ﺎﻤﻣ ٍﺚﻳﺪﺤﺑ يواﺮﻟا دﱡﺮﻔﺗ .١ .٢ :_{رﻮُﻬﺸَﻤﻟافوﺮﻌَﻤﻟا} ،ﻪُﺘَـﻓﺮﻌَﻣ ُﺐﺠﻳﺎﻤﻣٍﻢﻴﻈﻋٍﺮﻣأﻰﻠﻋوأ،ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟامﺎﻜﺣﻷاﻦﻣٍّﻢﻬُﻣٍﻢﻜُﺣﻰﻠﻋ ُﻞِﻤَﺘﺸَﻳﻪُﻧﻮﻛﻲﻋاوﱠﺪﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻦﻣو .بادﻵاوﻦﻨ ﱡﺴﻟاﻦﻣ_{ٍﺔﱠﻤَﺟ} َﺪﺋاﻮَﻓﻰﻠﻋوأ لﻮﺳرنأ،سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ،ﺔﻴِﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﺑأﻦﻋ،َةدﺎﺘﻗﻦﻋ،ﱡﻲِﻧ َﻻاﺪﻟاُﺪﻳﺰَﻳﺪﻟﺎﺧﻮﺑأ» ﻩاورﺎﻣﻚﻟذﺔﻠﺜﻣأﻦﻣو .7_{«ًﺎﻌ ِﺠَﻄﻀُﻣَمﺎﻧ}ﻦَﻣﻰﻠﻋءﻮﺿﻮﻟاﺎﻤﻧإ _:لﺎﻗ _ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟا بﺎﺤﺻأﻦﻴﺑﻩرﺎﻬﺘﺷاوﻪﺘﻳاورﻰﻠﻋﻲﻋاوﱠﺪﻟاﺮﱠﻓﻮﺘﺗﺎﻤﻣﻮﻫو_{،ٍّﻢﻬﻣ ٍّﻲﻬﻘﻓ ٍﻢﻜُﺣ}ﻰﻠﻋ ُﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳﺚﻳﺪﺣاﺬﻬﻓ ﺔﻳاورو،كﺎﻨﻫنوﺮﻴﺜﻛ _{ٌبﺎﺤﺻأ}ﻪﻟو،ﻢﻬﻴﺛِّﺪﺤﻣرﺎﺒﻛﻦﻣوةﺮﺼﺒﻟاءﺎﻬﻘﻓﻦﻣﻮﻫو _{ﱡﻲﺳوﺪ ﱠﺴﻟاﺔﻣﺎَﻋِد}ﻦﺑاﻮﻫوةدﺎﺘﻗ ﻲِﻧﻻاﱠﺪﻟاﺪﻟﺎﺧﻮﺑأدﺮﻔﻧاﺎﻤﻠﻓ،ﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﻦﻣدﺪﻋﺎﻬﺑ_يوُر ؛8_{ٌﺔﻓوﺮﻌﻣ ٌﻖﻳﺮﻃ «}سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟاﻲﺑأﻦﻋةدﺎﺘﻗ_» ﺪَﻨﺴﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ_{،ِّﻢﻬُﻤـﻟا}ﻲﻬﻘﻔﻟاﻢﻜﺤﻟا ﻚﻟذﻰﻠﻋ ِﻞﻤﺘﺸﻤﻟا ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا اﺬﻫﺔﻳاوﺮﺑ ةدﺎﺘﻗبﺎﺤﺻأ ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻦﻴﺑﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹانوﺆﺸﻟاوفﺎﻗوﻷا :بﺮﻐﻤﻟا) ﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﻷاوﻲﻧﺎﻌﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﻟﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا،ه٤٦٣ت،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑا () 7 .٢٤٣ص،١٨ج،(١٣٨٧ ،ط.د ،١ط،ةﺎﺠﻨﻟاقﻮﻃراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا،ـﻫ٢٥٦ت،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟا :ًﻼﺜﻣﺮﻈﻧا،ﺎﻤﻫﺮﻴﻏوﻦﻴﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟاﻲﻓﻪﺑيوُر () 8 ،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاثاﺮﺘﻟاءﺎﻴﺣإراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا،(ـﻫ٢٦١ت،ﻢﻠﺴﻣو،(٣٢٣٩)و (٥٨١) ﻢﻗرﻦﻴﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟا،(١٤٢٢ .(٢٧٣٠)و (١٦٥) ﻢﻗرﻦﻴﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟا (ت.د،ط.د

بﺎﺤﺻأﻦﻣٌﺪﺣأﻩوﺮﻳﻢﻟ ؛_{ٌﺮﻜﻨﻣ} ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋﻮﻫو» :لﺎﻘﻓ،ًاﺮَﻜﻨﻣ َﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻚﻟذ_{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﱠﺪﻋ،فوﺮﻌﻤﻟا ﻮﻫوﻲﻧﻻاﺪﻟا َﺪﻳﺰﻳو .«ﻞَﻘَـﻧﺎﻤﻴﻓ_{ٍﺔ ّﺠُﺤِﺑ}ﺲﻴﻟو ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻩوﺮَﻜﻧَأو،ﻲﻧﻻاّﺪﻟاﺪﻟﺎﺧﻮﺑأﻪﺑدﺮﻔﻧا ﺎﻤﻧإو،تﺎﻘﺜﻟاةدﺎﺘﻗ ﻮﺑأًﺎﻀﻳأ ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﺮﻜﻧأﻦﻤﻣو ._{ﻩُدﱡﺮﻔَﺗﻞَﺒﻘُﻳ}ﻦﻣﺔﺟردﻎﻠﺒﻳﻻﻪﻨﻜﻟو،ﻪُﺜﻳﺪﺣ_{ُﻦ ﱠﺴ َﺤُﻳ}ﻦﻤﻣﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑا .9ﻲﻧﺎﺘ ْﺴِﺠِّﺴﻟادواد ﻦﻋ،ﻊﻓارﻲﺑأﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟا_{ﺪﻴﺒُﻋ}ﻦﻋ،ﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻲﻨﺛﺪﺣ :لﺎﻗ،ﺪﻟﺎﺧﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳ» ﻩاورﺎﻣﻚﻟﺬﻛﻪﻨﻣو -ﻦﻋ_{ءىﺰﺠُﻳو}،ﻢﻫُﺪﺣأﻢِّﻠﺴُﻳنأ_تّﺮَﻣاذإﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻟاﻦﻣ_{ءىﺰﺠُﻳ} :ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرلﺎﻗ :لﺎﻗ،ﺐﻟﺎﻃﻲﺑأﻦﺑﻲﻠﻋ .10_«ﻢﻫُﺪﺣأﱠدُﺮَـﻳنأدﻮﻌُﻘﻟا ﻪﻔّﻌﺿٍوارﻪﺑدﺮﻔﻧاﻦﻜﻟ،ءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟاﻦﻴﺑ «_{ُعُزﺎﻨﱠﺘﻟا}ﻪﺑﻊِﻄُﻗ«ـﻟ _ّﺢﺻﻮﻟ_{،ٍّﻢﻬُﻣٍﻢﻜُﺣ}ﻰﻠﻋ ُﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫ_{ﻞَﻤَﺘﺷا}ﺪﻘﻓ .ﺐﻟﺎﻃﻲﺑأﻦﺑﻲﻠﻋﻦﻋ ٍﺚﻳﺪﺣﺎﻣ_ُﺮﻴﻏﻪﺑيور ٍفوﺮﻌﻣٍﺪﻨﺴﺑ،دﺎﻘﻨﻟاةﺬﺑﺎﻬﺟ :لﺎﻘﻓ،دﺎﻘﻨﻟاﺔﻤﺋﻷاﻦﻣ_{ﻪَﻣﱠﺪﻘﺗﻦَﻣ} َﺾﻌﺑةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﻪﻴﻠﻋﻢﻜﺤﻟاﻲﻓ _َﻖﻓاوﻪﻧأ_{ًﺎﻨِّﻴﺒُﻣ،ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ _{ُﻦﺑاﻩَﺮﻜﻧأ}ﺪﻗو ،ﺔﻳﺎﻔِﻜﻟاﻰﻠﻋﻚﻟذﻞﻌﺟو_{،ّدﺮﻟاو}ءاﺪﺘﺑﻻاﻦﻴﺑ_{ىﱠﻮَﺳ}ﻪﻧﻷ ؛عُزﺎﻨﺘﻟاِﻊﻄَﻗو،فﻼ ِﺨﻟاﻊ ِﺿﻮَﻣُنﺎﻴﺑﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓ» ﺪﻨﻋسﺄﺑﻪﺑﺲﻴﻟ _{ﱞﻲِﻧَﺪَﻣ،ﻲﻋاَﺰُﺨﻟا}ﺪﻟﺎﺧﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳﻮﻫاﺬﻫﺪﻟﺎﺧﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳو،ﻪﻟ _{َضِرﺎﻌُﻣ}ﻻ _ٌﻦﺴﺣ ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣﻮﻫو دﺮﻔﻧاﻪﻧﻷ ؛ًاﺮﻜﻨﻣاﺬﻫﻪَﺜﻳﺪﺣاﻮُﻠﻌﺟو،ﺔﺒﻴﺷﻦﺑبﻮﻘﻌﻳوﻢﺗﺎﺣﻮﺑأوﺔﻋرزﻮﺑأﻢﻬﻨﻣٌﺔﻋﺎﻤﺟ_{ﻪﻔّﻌﺿ}ﺪﻗو،ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﻴﻏﻲﻓجﺮﻋﻷاﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ؛ﻊﻓارﻲﺑأﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟا_{ﺪﻴﺒُﻋ}ﻦﻣﻊﻤﺴﻳﻢﻟﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋنأﻰﻠﻋ،دﺎﻨﺳﻹااﺬﻬﺑﻪﻴﻓ .11_«ٍﺚﻳﺪﺣ ،ﺔﻠﻤ ُﺠﻟاﻲﻓﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣوﻪﻈﻔﻟ_ﻦﺴُﺣﻪﺑدارأﺎﻤﻧإ _{ِﻦﺴ ُﺤﻟﺎﺑ}ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻬﻟﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ِﻦﺑا َﻒﺻونأﻢﻠﻌﻧاﺬﻬﺑو ّﺮَـﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ُﻦﺑاﺪﻳﺮﻳنأﻦﻜﻤﻳﻻو،12_«ﻦﻴﺛِّﺪﺤﻤﻟاﺪﻨﻋﻦﺴﺤﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻠﻟﻲﺣﻼﻄﺻﻻاﻰﻨﻌﻤﻟا_» ةدارإﻰﻠﻋﺲﻴﻟو .ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻰﻠﻋ_{ﻪﻤﻜُﺣ}ﻲﻓﺾﻗﺎﻨﺘﻟا _ُعﻮﻗومﺰَﻟﻻإو،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ،ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﺎﻨﺛﺪﺣ :لﺎﻗ،يﺮﻫﱡﺰﻟاﺐﻌﺼﻣﻲﺑأﻦﻋ_{،ﻲﻧاّﺮَﺤﻟا} دوادﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأ» ﻩاور ﺎﻣًﺎﻀﻳأﻚﻟذﻦﻣو -،حاّﺮﺠﻟاﻦﺑ_{َةﺪﻴﺒُﻋ}ﻮﺑأو_{ﺮﻤُﻋو}ﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑأوﺐﻟﺎﻃﻲﺑأﻦﺑ _{ﱡﻲﻠﻋَﻊﻤﺘﺟا} :لﺎﻗ،ﻩﺪﺟﻦﻋ،ﻪﻴﺑأﻦﻋ،ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻲﺒﻨﻟاﻰﻠﻋاﻮُﻔَـﻗوﺎﻤﻠﻓ،ﻪْﻟﺄﺴَﻧ ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرﻰﻟإﺎﻨﺑاﻮُﻘِﻠَﻄﻧا :ﺐﻟﺎﻃﻲﺑأﻦﺑ _ﱡﻲﻠﻋﻢﻬﻟلﺎﻘﻓ_{،َءﺎﻴﺷأ}ﻲﻓ_{اوَرﺎﻤَﺘﻓ} ﺎﻧﺮِﺒﺧأ :اﻮﻟﺎﻗ؟ﻪﻟ_{ﻢُﺘﺌﺟ}ﺎﻤﺑﻢﻜُﺗﺮﺒﺧأﻢُﺘﺌﺷنإو_{،ﻲﻧﻮُﻤُﺘﻟﺄﺳﻢُﺘﺌﺷ}نإ :لﺎﻗ،ﻚُﻟﺄﺴﻧﺎﻨﺌﺟ،ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرﺎﻳ :اﻮﻟﺎﻗ ﷺ وأ_{ﺐ َﺴَﺣ}يﺬﻟﻻإُﺔﻌﻴﻨﺼﻟانﻮﻜﺗنأ_{ﻲِﻐَﺒﻨَﻳ}ﻻو؟نﻮﻜَﺗﻦﻤﻟ ؛ِﺔﻌﻴِﻨ ﱠﺼﻟاﻦﻋﻲﻧﻮُﻟﺄﺴَﺗﻢُﺘﺌﺟ :لﺎﻗ،ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرﺎﻳ ﻲﻧﻮﻟﺄﺴَﺗﻢُﺘﺌﺟو،ﺔﻗﺪﺼﻟﺎﺑ_{ﻩﻮُﻟِﺰﻨَﺘﺳﺎﻓ}،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ_{ﻪﺒِﻠﺠَﻳُﻪﻠﻟا}؟ﺪﺒﻌﻟاﻰﻠﻋ_{ُﻪﻠﻟاﻪُﺒِﻠﺠَﻳ} ؛قزﺮﻟاﻦﻋﻲﻧﻮﻟﺄﺴَﺗﻢُﺘﺌﺟو،ٍﻦﻳِد ﻦﺴُﺣةأﺮﻤﻟادﺎﻬِﺟو؟ةأﺮﻤﻟادﺎﻬِﺟﻦﻋﻲﻧﻮﻟﺄﺴﺗ_{ﻢُﺘﺌﺟو،ةﺮﻤُﻌﻟاو} ﱡﺞﺤﻟاﻒﻴﻌﻀﻟا دﺎﻬِﺟو؟ﻒﻴﻌﻀﻟادﺎﻬﺟﻦﻋ .(٢٠٢) ﻢﻗرﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا،ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،دوادﻮﺑأ () 9 .٢٩٠ص،٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 10 .٢٩٠ص،٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 11 ،ﺔﻴﻧدرﻷاﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟاﻲﻓ،نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟاﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟامﻮﻠﻋ "تﺎﺳارد" ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﻪُﺘﻣﱠﺪَﻗﺚﺤﺑﻲﻓعﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟااﺬﻫ _{ُﺖﺜﺤﺑ}ﺪﻗو () 12 ﺪﻨﻋﺚﻳﺪﺤﻠﻟيﻮﻨﻌﻤﻟاوﻲﻈﻔﻠﻟاﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا" :ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ،(م٢٠١٢ ﺔﻨﺳ،رﺎﻳأﻲﻓ،١ دﺪﻌﻟا،٣٩ ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟا) ﻲﻓﺮﺸﻧو ."ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑا

ﻦِﻣﻻإ _{َﻦﻣﺆﻤﻟا}ﻩَﺪﺒﻋقُزﺮَﻳنأ_{ُﻪﻠﻟا}ﻰﺑأ؟ﻲﺗﺄﻳﻒﻴﻛو،ﻲﺗﺄﻳﻦﻳأﻦﻣ ؛قزﺮﻟاﻦﻋﻲﻧﻮﻟﺄﺴﺗ_{ﻢُﺘﺌﺟو}،ﺎﻬِﺟوﺰﻟ_{ﻞﱡﻌَـﺒﱠـﺘﻟا} .13_{«ُﺐ ِﺴَﺘﺤَﻳ}ﻻ _ُﺚﻴﺣ ﻮﻟو،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋﻦﻳرﻮﻬﺸﻤﻟاﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاةاورِﺪﺣأيﺮﻫﺰﻟا ٍﺐﻌﺼﻣﻲﺑأﻦﻋ َﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫ_{ّﺮﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ دَراﻮَﺘَﻟﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋًﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻًﺎﺘﺑﺎﺛبادﻵاوﻦﻨﺴﻟاﻦﻣ_{ﺔّﻤَﺠﻟا}ﺪﺋاﻮﻔﻟاﻚﻠﺗﻰﻠﻋ ِﻞﻤﺘﺸﻤﻟا ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫ ُﻞﺜﻣنﺎﻛ ﻚﻟﺎﻣﺮﻴﻏ_{ﻩاوَﺮَﻟ}وأ،ﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاةاورﺮﻴﻏﻦﻣتﺎﻘﺜﻟاﻪﺑﺎﺤﺻأﻦﻣٌﺔﻋﺎﻤﺟﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋ_{ُﻩاوَﺮَﻟ}وأ،ﻪﺘﻳاورﻰﻠﻋﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاُةاور ﺚﻳﺪﺣﻮﻫو،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﺚﻳﺪﺣﻦﻣ _{ٌﺐﻳﺮَﻏ} ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣاﺬﻫ» :ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ_ُﻦﺑالﺎﻗ،فوﺮﻌﻤﻟاﺪﻨﺴﻟااﺬﻬﺑ_{ﺎﻤّﻴﺳ}ﻻو،ًﺎﻀﻳأ .14_«ﻪﺜﻳﺪﺣﻲﻓٌﻞﺻأﻪﻟﻻو،ﻪﻨﻋ _{ﱡﺢ ِﺼَﻳ}ﻻو،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋ_{ٌﺮَﻜﻨُﻣ}ﻪﻨﻜﻟو،ٌﻦَﺴَﺣ ﺪﻤﺣأﺔﻬﺟﻦﻣﻪﻧأ ﱠﻚﺷﻻو،دﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟااﺬﻫﻪﻨﻣﻊﻗويﺬﻟايواﺮﻟاﻦﻋﻪﻠﻟاﻪﻤﺣر_{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ_ُﻦﺑاﺎﻨﻟ_{ﺢ ِﺼﻔُﻳ}ﻢﻟﻦﻜﻟ ،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋﻪﻳوﺮﻳ،ﻲﻧﺪﻤﻟاﺪﺷارﻦﺑﺮﻤﻋﺮﺒﺨﻟااﺬﻫﻰﻠﻋﻪﻌﺑﺎﺗﺪﻗو،15بِﺬَﻜﻟﺎﺑﻢﻬّﺘُﻣﻮﻬﻓ،ﻲﻧاّﺮَﺤﻟادوادﻦﺑ دوادﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأنأﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟاو .16_{«ًاروُزوًﺎﺑِﺬﻛ}ﻪَﺜﻳﺪﺣ _{ُتﺪﺟو» :}يزاﺮﻟاﻢﺗﺎﺣﻮﺑأﻪﻴﻓلﺎﻗاﺬﻫﺪﺷارﻦﺑﺮﻤُﻋﻦﻜﻟ .17ﺪﺷارﻦﺑﺮﻤﻋﻦﻣ _{َﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا}قﺮَﺳﻲﻧاّﺮَﺤﻟا ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺤﻠﻟﻲﺣﻼﻄﺻﻻاﻰﻨﻌﻤﻟا» ةدارإﻰﻠﻋﺲﻴﻟ _{ِﻦﺴ ُﺤﻟﺎﺑ}ًﺎﻀﻳأﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻬﻟﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑا ُﻒﺻوو ٌﺮَﻜﻨُﻣﻪﻨﻜﻟو» :ﻚﻟذﺪﻌﺑﻪﻟﻮﻗﻦﻣﺮﻬﻈﻳﺎﻤﻛ،ﺔﻠﻤ ُﺠﻟاﻲﻓﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣوﻪﻈﻔﻟﻦﺴﺣةدارإﻰﻠﻋﻦﻜﻟو،«ﻦﻴﺛِّﺪﺤﻤﻟاﺪﻨﻋ .«ﻪﺜﻳﺪﺣﻲﻓٌﻞﺻأﻪﻟﻻو،ﻪﻨﻋ _{ﱡﺢ ِﺼَﻳ}ﻻو،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋ :_{ُتﺎﻘﺜﻟا}ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ_{ﻪﻘِﻓاﻮُﻳ}ﻻ،ٍةﺮﻜﻨﻣٍةدﺎﻳﺰﺑٍةرﻮﻬﺸﻣٍﺔﻳاوروأ_{فوُﺮﻌَﻣ}ﺚﻳﺪﺣﻲﻓيواﺮﻟادﱡﺮﻔَﺗ .٢ .٢ ﻰﻠﻋﺎﻬﻟﺎﻤﺘﺷﻻنﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣﻚﻟذﻦﻤﻓ_{،ٌةدِّﺪﻌﺘُﻣِّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓتادﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻚﻠﺗةرﺎﻜﻨﻟُﺔﻴﻋاﺪﻟابﺎﺒﺳﻷاو ﻻﺎﻬﻧﻮﻜﻟوأ،ﺎﻴﺘُﻔﻟاﺮﻣأﻪﻴﻠﻋﱠﺮﻘﺘﺳاﺎﻤﻟﺎﻬﺘﻔﻟﺎﺨﻤﻟوأ،سﺎﻴﻘﻟاوﺮَﻈﱠﻨﻠﻟﺎﻬﺘﻔﻟﺎﺨﻤﻟوأ،عﺎﻤﺟﻺﻟٌﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻪﻴﻓﺎﻣ .ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟاظﺎﻔﻟأﻪﺒﺸُﺗ ﺎﻨﺛﺪﺣ :لﺎﻗ،دوادﻲﺑأ» ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻜﻓ،عﺎﻤﺟﻺﻟﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻪﻴﻓﺎﻣﻰﻠﻋ_{ًﻼِﻤﺘﺸُﻣ}ﺎﻬﻨﻣنﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎﻣﺄﻓ .١ .٢ .٢ :لﺎﻗ ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرنأ،صﺎﻌﻟاﻦﺑوﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋ،ﻪﻴﺑأﻦﻋ،ﺐﻴﻌﺷﻦﺑوﺮﻤﻋﻦﻋ_{،نﻼ ْﺠَﻋ}ﻦﺑﺔﺒﻴﺘُﻗ .«_{ﻪَﻠﻴِﻘﺘﺴَﻳ}نأَﺔﻴﺸﺧ_{ﻪَﺒﺣﺎﺻقرﺎﻔُﻳ}نأﻪﻟ ﱡﻞﺤَﻳﻻو_{،رﺎَﻴِﺧَﺔﻘْﻔ َﺻ}نﻮﻜﺗنأﻻإ_{،ﺎﻗِﺮَﺘْﻔَـﻳ}ﻢﻟﺎﻣ_{رﺎَﻴِﺨﻟﺎﺑ}نﺎﻌﻳﺎﺒﺘﻤﻟا :لﺎﻘﻓ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺮﺧآﻰﻟإ «ﱡﻞﺤﻳﻻو» :ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻲﻫو،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓةدراﻮﻟاَةدﺎﻳﺰﻟا_{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ َﺬِﻔﻨُﻴﻟﻪﻗرﺎﻔﻳنأﻪﻟﺰﺋﺎﺟﻪﻧأ :ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟاعﺎﻤﺟﻹ ؛ﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎﻇﻰﻠﻋﺖﺴﻴﻠﻓﺖ ﱠﺤﺻنﺈﻓ،ةﺮَﻜﻨﻣٌﺔﻈﻔﻟ_{،ﱡﻞﺤَﻳ}ﻻ ؛ﻪﻟﻮﻗ» نأَﺔﻴﺸﺧﻪﻗرﺎﻔﻳنأﻪﻟﻞﺤﻳﻻو :ىور_ﻦَﻣﺔﻳاوﺮﻟﱞدرﻚﻟذﻦﻣﻪﻴﻠﻋاﻮﻌﻤﺟأﺎﻤﻴﻓو،ءﺎﺸﻳنأﻻإ_{،ﻪَﻠﻴﻘُﻳ}ﻻو_{،ﻪَﻌﻴﺑ} .18_«عﺎﻤﺟﺈﺑ ٌﻞﻃﺎﺑﻮﻬﻓﻻإو، َبﺪﻨﻟاﺮﺒﺨﻟااﺬﻫ_ُﻪﺟوﻦﻜﻳﻢﻟنﺈﻓ _.ﻪَﻠﻴِﻘﺘﺴَﻳ .٢١-٢٠ص،٢١ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 13 .٢١ص،٢١ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 14 .٤٥٥-٤٥٤ص،١ج،نﺎﺴﻠﻟا،ﻲﻧﻼﻘﺴﻌﻟا :ﺮﻈﻧا () 15 .١٠٨ص،٦ ج (١٩٥٢ ،١ط،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻌﻟافرﺎﻌﻤﻟاةﺮﺋاد :ﺪﻨﻬﻟا) ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟاوحﺮﺠﻟا،ﻢﺗﺎﺣﻲﺑأﻦﺑا () 16 ،١ج (١٩٩٦ ،١ط ،ﻲﺒﺘﻜﻟاراد :ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا) يواﺪُﻤـﻟا ،ـﻫ١٣٨٠ت ،ﻖﻳِّﺪ ِّﺼﻟا ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣأ ،يرﺎﻤﻐﻟا ﻪﻟﺎﻗ () 17 .٦٩ص .١٨-١٧ص،١٤ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 18

ﻦﻜﻟ،19_{ٍّﻲﺑﺎﺤﺻ} ﺎﻣﺮﻴﻏﻪﻳوﺮﻳ _{ِﻦﺘﻤﻟا} ُفوﺮﻌﻣ _{ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣ «}رﺎﻴﺨﻟﺎﺑنﺎﻌﻳﺎﺒﺘﻤﻟا_» ﺚﻳﺪﺣنأﻚﻟذ _{ُنﺎﻴﺑ :}ﺖﻠﻗ اوورﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺤﺼﻟاﻦﻣ ٌﺪﺣاو ﺎﻫﺮﻛﺬﻳﻢﻟ_{،ٍةﺮﻜﻨُﻣ} ٍةدﺎﻳز ﻰﻠﻋ _{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا} ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺎﻬﻗﺎﺳ ﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻠﻤﺘﺷا ._{ُعﺎﻤﺟﻹا}ﻪﻴﻠﻋﺎﻤﻟﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣةدﺎﻳزﻲﻬﻓ،ﻩﺮﺧآﻰﻟإ «ﱡﻞﺤَﻳﻻو» :ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻲﻫو، َﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا :لﺎﻗ،ناَذﺎﺷﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ» ﺔﻳاوﺮﻜﻓ،سﺎﻴﻘﻟاوﺮَﻈﱠﻨﻠﻟًﺎﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣتادﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻚﻠﺗﻦﻣنﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎﻣأو .٢ .٢ .٢ ،سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ،ﺔﻣﺮﻜِﻋﻦﻋ_{،ﻪﺛﱠﺪَﺣﻲﻧﺎَﻨِﻜﻟا}ﺪﻳَزﻦﺑرﻮَﺛنأ،ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻲﻧﺮﺒﺧأ :لﺎﻗ_{،ﻰﱠﻠَﻌُﻤـﻟا}ﺎﻨﺛﺪﺣ .20_«ﺮُﻬﻄَﺗﻰﺘﺣجﱠوﺰﺘَﺗﻻﺎﻬﻧأﻻإ،ﺎﻬﺟوزﻦِﻣﺖَﻧﺎﺑﺪﻘﻓ_{َﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاَﺔﻀﻴﺤﻟا}ﺔﻘﱠﻠَﻄُﻤـﻟا ِﺖﺿﺎﺣاذإ _:لﺎﻗ :لﺎﻘﻓ .«_{ﺮُﻬﻄَﺗ}ﻰﺘﺣجﱠوﺰﺘَﺗﻻﺎﻬﻧأﻻإ» :ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻲﻫو،ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻲﻓةدراﻮﻟاَةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ ًﺎﺑﺎﺒﺤﺘﺳانﻮﻜﻳنأ_{ﻞﻤُﺘﺣا}ﺖ ﱠﺤﺻنﺈﻓ ؛ﺮَﻈﱠﻨﻟاﻲﻓٌﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿ،ﺮُﻬﻄَﺗﻰﺘﺣ _{ُجﱠوﺰﺘَﺗ}ﻻﺎﻬﻧأﻻإ :ﻪَﻟﻮﻗ ؛ُةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫو» يﺪﻨﻋﻲﻫو_{،ﺎﻬ ِﻀﻴَﺣ}ﻲﻓءطﻮﻟاﻰﻟإُةﻮﻬ ﱠﺸﻟا_{ﻩَﻮﻋﺪﺗ}نأ َفﻮَﺧٌﺪﺣأﺾﺋﺎﺤﻟاﻰﻠﻋ_{ﺪِﻘﻌَﻳ}ﻻنأ ؛سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑا ِﻦِﻣ ﺎﻬﻟحﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﻓةّﺪِﻌﻟاﻦِﻣﺖﺟﺮَﺧاذإو،ﺎﻬﺟوزﻦﻣﺖﻧﺎﺑﺪﻘﻓ :ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑِةﱠﺪِﻌﻟاﻦﻣ_{ﺎﻬَﺟﺮﺧأ}ﺪﻗﻪﻧأ_{ﻪُﺒﺴﺣو}،ةﺮﻜﻨﻣةدﺎﻳز .21_«ﺎﻬِّﻠﻛلﻮﺻﻷاﻲﻓ _{ٌحﺎﺒُﻣ} ،ةﺰﻤﺣﻦﺑﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإﻦﻋ» ﻲﻫو،سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋﺮﺛﻷااﺬﻬﻟىﺮﺧأﺔﻳاوﺮﺑﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻞﺒﻗ_{ّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑامﱠﺪَﻗﺪﻗو ﺖَﻧﺎﺑﺪﻘﻓَﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺖﺿﺎﺣاذإ :لﻮﻘﻳنﺎﻛسﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑانأ،ﺔﻣﺮﻜﻋﻦﻋ،ﺪﻳزﻦﺑرﻮﺛﻦﻋ،ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋ ﻮﻫو «ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋرﻮﺼﻨﻣ_ُﻦﺑ ُﺪﻴﻌﺳ» _{َﺮﺛﻷا}اﺬﻫىورﻦﻜﻟ،22ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﺮﻛذنوداﺬﻜﻫ _.«ﺎﻬﺟوزﻦﻣ ، ّيِدْرَواَرﱠﺪﻟاﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋﺔﻳاورﻲﻓٌﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫنأﻰﻠﻋﻚﻟذلﺪﻓ،23_{ًﺎﻀﻳأ}ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻰﻠﻋًﻼﻤﺘﺸﻣ _{ّيِدْرَواَرﱠﺪﻟا} ﺎﻤﻴﺳﻻو،ﻪﺜﻳدﺎﺣأ َﺾﻌﺑُدﺎﻘﻨﻟاﺮﻜﻧأﻦﻜﻟ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺪّﻴَﺟﻮﻫو،ﻮﻫﻪﺘﻬﺟﻦﻣَةﺮﻜﻨﻤﻟاَةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫنأﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺎﻓ .24_«ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛﺮﻴﻏﻦﻣثِّﺪﺤﻳ_» ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ مِّﺪﻘﺘﻤﻟاسﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ _{ِّيوﺮﻤﻟا}ﺮﺛﻷﺎﻜﻓ،ﻪﺑ_{ﻰَﺘﻔُﻤﻠﻟ}ًﺎﻔِﻟﺎﺨﻣ تادﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻚﻠﺗﻦﻣنﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎﻣأو .٣ .٢ .٢ ﻲﻓةدراﻮﻟاةدﺎﻳﺰﻠﻟﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑارﺎﻜﻧإﺎﻨﻣﺪﻗﺪﻘﻓ،ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺎﻬﺘﻀﻴﺣﺪﻨﻋﺎﻬﺟوزﻦﻣﻦﻴِﺒَﺗ ؛ﺔﻘﻠﻄﻤﻟانﺄﺷﻲﻓﻩﺮﻛذ .ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺎﻬﺘﻀﻴﺣﻦﻣﻲﻨﻌﻳ،25_«ﺮُﻬﻄَﺗﻰﺘﺣجوﺰﺘﺗﻻﺎﻬﻧأﻻإ_{» :}ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻲﻫو،ﺮﺛﻷاﻚﻟذ ،(١٥٣٢) ﻪﺤﻴﺤﺻﻲﻓﻢﻠﺴﻣو،(٢٠٧٩) ﻪﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﻲﻓيرﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺪﻨﻋماﺰﺣﻦﺑ ﻢﻴﻜﺣ _{ُﺚﻳﺪﺣ}ﻚﻟذﻦﻣ () 19 ﻪﻨﻨﺳﻲﻓدوادﻲﺑأﺪﻨﻋﻲﻤﻠﺳﻷا_ةزﺮَﺑﻲﺑأ ُﺚﻳﺪﺣو،(٢١٠٩) ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟاﻲﻓيرﺎﺨﺒﻟاﺪﻨﻋﺮﻤُﻋﻦﺑا _{ُﺚﻳﺪﺣو} ،(٢١٨٢) ﻢﻗرﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا (٢٠٠٩ ،١ط،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟاﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاراد،توﺮﻴﺑ) ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٢٧٥ت،ﻪﺟﺎﻣﻦﺑاو،(٣٤٥٧) :ﺐﻠﺣ) (ﻰﺒﺘﺠﻤﻟا) ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٣٠٣ت،ﻲﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟاو،(٢١٨٣) ﻪﻨﻨﺳﻲﻓﻪﺟﺎﻣﻦﺑاﺪﻨﻋبﺪﻨُﺟﻦﺑَةﺮﻤﺳ ُﺚﻳﺪﺣو .(٤٤٨١) ﻢﻗرﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا (١٩٨٦ ،٢ط،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاتﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻤﻟاﺐﺘﻜﻣ .٩٧-٩٦ص،١٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 20 .٩٧ص،١٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 21 .٩٦ ،١٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 22 .(١٢٢٧) ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا (١٩٨٢ ،١ط،ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺴﻟاراﺪﻟا :ﺪﻨﻬﻟا) ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٢٢٧ت،رﻮﺼﻨﻣﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳ () 23 ٦٣٤-٦٣٣ص،٢ج (١٩٦٣ ،١ط،ﺮﺸﻨﻟاوﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟاراد) لاﺪﺘﻋﻻاناﺰﻴﻣ،ـﻫ٧٤٨ت،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟا :ﺮﻈﻧا () 24 .(٥١٢٥) ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا .سﺎﻴﻘﻟاوﺮﻈﻨﻟاﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻤﺑةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاﺐﻠﻄﻣﻲﻓًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻗمﺪﻘﺗ () 25

ﺔﺸﺋﺎﻋوﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ_{ﺖَﺒَـﺛ}ﺎﻤﻟ ٌﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ» اﺬﻫﻪﻟﻮﻗنأاﺬﻫسﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺮﺛأﺮﻛذ َﻞﻴﺒُﻗﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﻦﻴﺑﺪﻗو نود،26ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺔﻀﻴﺤﻟاﻲﻓﺔﻘﱠﻠﻄﻤﻟاﺔﻧﻮﻨﻴﺒﺑءﺎﺘﻓﻹاﻰﻠﻋاوﺮﺼﺘﻗاﻢﻬﻧأ _«ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟﺎﺑﻦﻴﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟارﻮﻬﻤﺟوﺖﺑﺎﺛﻦﺑﺪﻳزو ﺎﻬﺘﻀﻴﺣءﺎﻨﺛأﻲﻓجاوﺰﻟﺎﺑﺎﻬﻟُنذﻹاﻢﻫاﻮﺘﻓﻰﻀﺘﻘﻣﻞﺑ،ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاﺎﻬﺘﻀﻴﺣﻦﻣﺮﻬﻄﺗﻰﺘﺣجاوﺰﻟاﻦﻣﺎﻬﻌﻨﻤﻟضﱡﺮﻌﺘﻟا .ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ» ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻜﻓ،ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟاظﺎﻔﻟأ_{ﻪﺒﺸُﻳ}ﻻﻆﻔﻟﻰﻠﻋ_{ًﻼِﻤﺘﺸُﻣ}تادﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻚﻠﺗﻦﻣنﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎﻣأو .٤ .٢ .٢ :لﺎﻘﻓ،ﷺ _{ﱠﻲﺒﻨﻟا}لﺄﺳًﻼﺟرنأ :سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ_{،ِّﻢ َﺻَﻷا} ِﻦﺑَﺪﻳﺰﻳﻦﻋ_{،ﻲﻧﺎﺒْﻴﱠﺸﻟا}نﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳﻦﻋ،يرﻮﱠﺜﻟاﻦﻋ،قازﺮﻟا .«_{ًاّﺮَﺷ}ﻩدﺰَﺗﻢﻟًاﺮﻴﺧﻩْدﺰَﺗﻢﻟنإ،ﻢﻌﻧ :لﺎﻗ؟ﻲﺑأﻦﻋ _{ﱡﺞُﺣَأ} :لﺎﻘﻓ،«_{ًاّﺮَﺷ}ﻩدﺰَﺗﻢﻟًاﺮﻴﺧﻩْدﺰَﺗﻢﻟنإ» :ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻲﻫو،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓَةدراﻮﻟاَةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ اﺬﻫ :اﻮﻟﺎﻗو،ﻪﺑﺎﺤﺻأﺮﺋﺎﺳﻦﻴﺑﻦِﻣيرﻮﺜﻟاﻦﻋﻪﺑﻩِداﺮِﻔﻧﻻ ؛قازﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻰﻠﻋﻪﻴﻓ_{اﻮُﻠَﻤﺣ}ﺪﻘﻓ ُﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﺎﻣأ» ﻦِﻣ ﻪﺟﺮﺧأ_ﻦَﻣ بﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓوأ،قازﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋبﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓﻻإ ،دﺎﻨﺳﻹااﺬﻬﺑ ٍﺪﺣأﺪﻨﻋﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟاﻲﻓ _{ُﺪَﺟﻮُﻳ}ﻻ ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﺮَﻜﻨﻣ ٌﻆﻔﻟاﺬﻫ :اﻮﻟﺎﻘﻓ،ٌﺄﻄﺧﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋﻮﻫو،ﻪﻴﻓﻩوﺆّﻄَﺧﺪﻗو_{،ﻩُﺮﻴﻏ}يرﻮﺜﻟاﻦﻋٌﺪﺣأﻩِوﺮَﻳﻢﻟو،قازﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋبﺎﺘﻛ 27_«؟ﻊَﻔﻨﻳﻻمأﻊَﻔﻨﻳﻞﻫيرﺪَﻳﻻﺎﻤﺑ_{َﺮﻣﺄﻳ}نأ _؛ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟا ُظﺎﻔﻟأﻪﻬِﺒﺸُﺗﻻ ﻪﻴﻓﺮﻛﺬﻳﻢﻟﻪﺗاورﻦﻣًاﺪﺣأﻦﻜﻟ،ﻪﻨﻋ_قُﺮُﻃﻦﻣ ﱞيوﺮﻣ ٌفوﺮﻌﻣاﺬﻫسﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺚﻳﺪﺣنأﻚﻟذنﺎﻴﺑ :ﺖﻠﻗ ﻊﻔﻨﺑﻪﺘﻳاردمﺪﻋﻰﻠﻋلﺪﻳيﺬﻟاﻆﻔﻠﻟااﺬﻫﻞﺜﻤﺑ_{ﻖِﻄﻨَﻳ}ﻻ ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟانأﺔﻬﺟﻦﻣٌةرﺎﻜﻧﺎﻫﺮﻛذﻲﻓو،ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻬَﻓﻰﻟإ _َبﺮﻗأنﻮﻜﻴﻟ ...سﺎﻴﻘﻟاﻖﻳﺮﻄﺑ - ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟايأ - ﻪﻨﱠﻴﺑ» :يرﺎﺨﺒﻟاﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟارﺪﺻلﺎﻗ .ﻪِﻌﻔﻧمﺪﻋوأ ٍﻞﻤﻋ .28_{«ِّﺺﻨﻟا}ﻲﻧﺎﻌﻣﻪﻴﻠﻋﻰَﻔﺨَﻳنأٌلﺎﺤﻤﻓ،ﻞَﻤﺠﻤﻟاوﻪِﺑﺎﺸﺘﻤﻟاﻢﻠﻌﻳﻪﻧأو،ﻢﻠﻌﻟاﻲﻓ _{ِسﺎﻨﻟاُﻖَﺒﺳأ}ﻪﻧﻷو _؛ﻊِﻣﺎﺴﻟا ﻲﺑأﻦﻋ،ﺮﻜﺑﻲﺑأﻰﻟﻮﻣ _{ٍّﻲَﻤُﺳ}ﻦﻋ،ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋ_{،نﺎّﻫﱠﺪﻟا}ﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳ» ﻩاورﺎﻣًﺎﻀﻳأﺔﻠﺜﻣﻷاﻦﻣو -اذﺈﻓ_{،ﻪَﺑاﺮَﺷوﻪَﻣﺎﻌﻃوﻪَﻣﻮَﻧ}ﻢﻛَﺪﺣأﻊَﻨﻤَﻳ ؛_{باﺬَﻌﻟا}ﻦِﻣٌﺔﻌﻄِﻗﺮَﻔﱠﺴﻟا :لﺎﻗ ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرنأ،ةﺮﻳﺮﻫﻲﺑأﻦﻋ،ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﻢﻟنإو_{،ًﺔّﻳِﺪَﻫ}ﻪِﻠﻫ ِﻷﺬ ِﺨﱠﺘﻴﻟو» :ﻚﻟﺎﻣﻦﻋاﺬﻫﺪﻴﻌﺳﻪﻴﻓداﺰﻓ «ﻪِﻠﻫأﻰﻟإ_{ﻞ َﺠْﻌَـﻴﻠﻓﻪِﻬﺟَو}ﻦِﻣ_{ﻪَﺘَﻤﻬَﻧ}ﻢﻛُﺪﺣأﻰﻀﻗ .«_{ُحاﺪِﻘﻟا}ﺎﻬﺑ_{بَﺮﻀُﺗ}ﺬﺌﻣﻮﻳُةرﺎﺠﺤﻟاو» :لﺎﻗ .29_«ﻪِﺗﻼﺨِﻣﻲﻓِﻪِﻘْﻠُـﻴﻠﻓ_{ًاﺮ َﺠَﺣ}ﻻإﺪﺠَﻳ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟاو،ﱡﺢﺼﺗﻻٌةﺮﻜﻨﻣٌةدﺎﻳزﻩﺬﻫ» :لﺎﻘﻓ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﻲﻓةدراﻮﻟاةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻓو ؛ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟا َظﺎﻔﻟأﻪِﺒﺸُﺗﻻةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫنأىرأﺎﻤﻴﻓﺐﺒﺴﻟاو .30_«ﻢﻠﻋأﻪﻠﻟاو،ﻪﻈﻔﻟوﻩدﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑ،ﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻣ اﺬﻫ» :ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑةدﺎﻳﺰﻟاﻩﺬﻫﻰﻠﻋ_{ﻪﻤﻜ ُﺤﺑ ﱡﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟامِﺰﺠَﻳ}نأٍﺬﺋﺪﻨﻋ_{ﺐ َﺠﻋ}ﻼﻓ،ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟماﺮﺘﺣامﺪﻋورﺎﺘﻬﺘﺳﻻاﻦﻣعﻮﻧ .31_«ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟﺎﺑ _{ٌﻖ َﺼﻠُﻣ ٌبِﺬﻛ} .٩٦-٩٥ص،١٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 26 .١٢٩ص،٩ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 27 ﺢﻳﻮﻠﺘﻟاﻪﺣﺮﺷﻊﻣعﻮﺒﻄﻣ،ﺢﻴﺒﺻﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) ،ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟا،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟادﻮﻌﺴﻣﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﻴﺒﻋﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟارﺪﺻ () 28 .٣٠ص،٢ج (ت.د،ﻲﻧازﺎﺘﻔﺘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋراﻮﻧﻷاقرﺎﺸﻣ،ـﻫ٥٤٤ت،ﻰﺳﻮﻣﻦﺑضﺎﻴﻋﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟا :ﺮﻈﻧا ."_{ُﺔﺑاّﺪﻟا}ﺎﻬﻴﻓ _{ُﻒِﻠَﺘﻌَﺗ}ﻲﺘﻟاﺔﻟﻵا" :ةﻼﺨﻤﻟا () 29 .٢٣٩ص،١ج (ت.د،ط.د،ثاﺮﺘﻟارادوﺔﻘﻴﺘﻌﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟا :ﺮﺼﻣ) رﺎﺛﻵاحﺎﺤﺻ .٣٥ص،٢٢ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 30 .١٤٧ص،٢ج،ناﺰﻴﻤﻟا،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟا :ﺮﻈﻧا () 31

:_{ًاﺪَﻨﺴُﻣ}ﻪﻟ َﻞﺻأﻻﺎﻤﺑﻒﻴﻌﻀﻟايواﺮﻟادﱡﺮﻔَﺗ .٣ .٢ ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرنأ،ﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ،ﻊﻓﺎﻧﻦﻋ_{،ﻦﻴ َﺼُﺤﻟا}ﻦﺑدوادﻦﻋ_{،َةﺮﻴِﺒَﺟ}ﻦﺑ ِﺪﻳز» ﺚﻳﺪﺣﻚﻟذﻦﻣو -،ﻞﺑﻹا_{ﻦِﻃﺎﻌَﻣو،مﺎّﻤَﺤﻟاو}،ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟا_{ﺔ ّﺠَﺤَﻣو،ةﺮَﺒﻘَﻤـﻟاو،ةَرَﺰ ْﺠَﻤـﻟاو،ِﺔَﻠَـﺑﺰَﻤـﻟا}ﻲﻓ :_{َﻦﻃاﻮَﻣ}ﺔﻌﺒﺳﻲﻓ_{ﻰّﻠﺼُﻳ}ﻻ :لﺎﻗ .«ﱠﻞَﺟوﱠﺰﻋﻪﻠﻟاﺖﻴﺑقﻮَﻓو ﻻإ_{ًاﺪﻨﺴُﻣ}ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫ_{فﺮﻌُﻳ}ﻻو،ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻩوﺮﻜﻧأو_{،ةﺮﻴﺒَﺟ}ﻦﺑﺪﻳَزﻪﺑدﺮﻔﻧا ٌﺚﻳﺪﺣاﺬﻫ» :ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑالﺎﻗ .32_{«ةﺮﻴِﺒَﺟﻦﺑﺪﻳزﻦﻋ،بﻮﻳأﻦﺑﻰﻴﺤﻳﺔﻳاورﻦﻣ} ﻰﻟﻮﻣﻊﻓﺎﻧﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻰﻟإﺪﻌﺳﻦﺑﺚﻴﻠﻟاﺐﺘﻛﺪﻗو» :لﺎﻘﻓ_{،ﻪﺗرﺎﻜَﻨﺑ}ﻢﻜﺤﻟا_{ﺪّﻳﺆُﻳ}ﺎﻣﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺮﻛذﻢﺛ لﺎﻗﺪﻗﻻإ،ﻊﻓﺎﻧﻦﻋاﺬﻬﺑثﱠﺪﺣ_{ﻦَﻣُﻢَﻠﻋأ}ﻻ :ﻊﻓﺎﻧﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻪﻴﻟإﺐﺘﻜﻓ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﻦﻋﻪُﻟﺄﺴﻳﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑا ﻻ_{،ٌﺮَﻜﻨﻣ} َﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟانأ_{ﻪِﻬْﺒِﺷو}اﺬﻬﺑ ﱠﺢﺼﻓ،33_{ﺚﻴﻠﻟاﻦﻋ،ﻢﻳﺮﻣﻲﺑأﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳﻦﻋ،ﻲﻧاﻮْﻠ ُﺤﻟاﻩﺮﻛذ،َﻞﻃﺎﺒﻟاﻪﻴﻠﻋ} .34_{«ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻏﻦﻣﻦﻴﻛﺮﺸﻤﻟاةﺮﺒﻘَﻣﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗﻪﻴﻓﺲﻴﻟﻪﻧأﻰﻠﻋ،ﻪﻠﺜﻤﺑﻢﻠﻌﻟاﻞﻫأﺪﻨﻋ ﱠﺞَﺘﺤُﻳنأزﻮﺠﻳ} لﺎﻗ :لﺎﻗ،دﻮﻌﺴﻣﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋ،ثرﺎﺤﻟاﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋ،جﺮﻋﻷا _{ٍﺪﻴﻤُﺣ}» ﺚﻳﺪﺣًﺎﻀﻳأﻚﻟذﻦﻣو -ﺎﻣأو،ﻚ ِﺴْﻔَـﻧ_{َﺔﺣاَر} َﺖﻠ ﱠﺠﻌَﺗﺪﻘﻓﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟاﻲﻓكُﺪﻫُزﺎﻣأ :ِﺪﻫاﺰﻟا ٍنﻼﻔِﻟﻞُﻗ ْنأ_{ﻪِّﻴﺒَﻧ}ﻰﻟإُﻪﻠﻟاﻰﺣوَأ :ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳر وأ_{ًﺎّﻴِﻟَو} ﱠﻲﻓ َﺖﻴَﻟاوﻞﻫ :لﺎﻗ؟ﱠﻲﻠﻋ َﻚَﻟﺎﻣو :لﺎﻗ؟ﻚﻴﻠﻋﻲﻟﺎﻤﻴﻓ َﺖﻠِﻤﻋاذﺎﻤﻓ،ﻲﺑ َتزﱠﺰﻌَﺗﺪﻘﻓ ﱠﻲﻟإﻚُﻋﺎﻄﻘﻧا .«_{ًاّوﺪَﻋ ﱠﻲﻓ َﺖﻳَدﺎﻋ} ثرﺎﺤﻟاﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟا ﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋ_يوﺮَﻳيﺬﻟااﺬﻫ _{َجﺮﻋﻷا ﺪﻴﻤُﺣ}» :ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫ ةرﺎﻜﻧﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻴﺑ ثرﺎﺤﻟاﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻋﻪﻟ،جﺮﻋﻷاﻰﻴﺤﻳﻮﺑأﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑ_{ﺪﻴﻤُﺣ}ﻮﻫو،ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑﻢﻠﻌﻟاﻞﻫأﻊﻴﻤﺟﺪﻨﻋﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا_{ُﺮَﻜﻨُﻣ} .35_{«ُﺮﻴﻛﺎﻨَﻣ} ﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋوضﺎﻴﻋﻦﺑﻞﻴﻀﻔﻟاﻦﻋﻪُﻠﺜﻣ _َيِوُرﻪﻧأﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫةرﺎﻜﻨِﺑﺎﻨﻫ_{ﺮَﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻢﻜﺣﺪﻳﺆﻳﺎﻤﻣو كرﺎﺒﻤﻟاﻦﺑاوﻞﻴﻀﻔﻟاو .36_{«...ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟاﻲﻓكُﺪﻫُزﺎﻣأ :ءﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷاﻦﻣﻲﺒﻧﻰﻟإﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗوكرﺎﺒﺗﻪﻠﻟاﻰﺣوأ» :ﻻﺎﻗ،كرﺎﺒﻤﻟا} .ﻢﻠﻋأﻪﻠﻟاو،ﺎﻫاﺮﻛﺬﻟًةﺪﻨﺴﻣًﺔﻳاوِرﻚﻟذﻲﻓ_{ﺎﻤِﻠَﻋ}ﻮﻟو،ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻞﻫأﻦﻣ ﻦﺑﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻲﻨﺛﺪﺣ :لﺎﻗ،بﺎﻫﻮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋ» ﺚﻳﺪﺣًﺎﻀﻳأﻚﻟذﻦﻣﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻩﺮﻜﻧأﺎﻤﻣو -ُﺔﻔﻴﻇَواﺬﻫ :لﺎﻗو_{،ًةّﺮَﻣًةّﺮَﻣ} ﷺ ﻪﻠﻟالﻮﺳرَﺄ ّﺿﻮَﺗ :لﺎﻗ،ﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑاﻦﻋ،َةﱠﺮُـﻗﻦﺑﺔﻳوﺎﻌﻣﻦﻋ،ﻪﻴﺑأﻦﻋ_{،ﱡﻲِّﻤَﻌﻟا}ﺪﻳز ُﻪﻠﻟا ُﻒِﻌﻀُﻳو،ءﻮﺿﻮﻟاﻦِﻣ ُﻞﻀَﻔﻟااﺬﻫ :لﺎﻗو،ﻦﻴَﺗﺮﻣ ﻦﻴَﺗﺮﻣَﺄ ﱠﺿﻮﺗﻢﺛ .ﻪﺑﻻإ ًةﻼﺻﻪﻠﻟا_{ﻞَﺒﻘَﻳ}ﻻيﺬﻟاِءﻮﺿﻮﻟا ﻦِﻣءﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷاءﻮﺿوو،ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإﻪﻠﻟاﻞﻴﻠَﺧءﻮ ُﺿوو،ﻲﺋﻮﺿواﺬﻫ :لﺎﻗﻢﺛ،ًﺎﺛﻼﺛًﺎﺛﻼﺛَﺄ ﱠﺿﻮﺗﻢﺛ ._{ﻦﻴَﺗﺮَﻣ}ﻪِﺒِﺣﺎﺼِﻟ_{َﺮﺟﻷا} .٢٢٦-٢٢٥ص،٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 32 ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺐﺘﻜﻤﻟا،توﺮﻴﺑ) فاﺮِّﻈﻟاﺖﻜﻨﻟاﻲﻓﻲﻧﻼﻘﺴﻌﻟاﺮﺠﺣﻦﺑاﺮﻛذﻩﺬﻫﺪﻌﺳﻦﺑﺚﻴﻠﻟاﺔﺼﻗ () 33 بﺎﺘﻛﻲﻓ_{ﻲﻧاﻮﻠ ُﺤﻟا}ﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑﻦﺴﺤﻟاﺎﻬﺟﺮﺧأﻪﻧأ ٩٥ص،٦ج (١٩٨٣ ،٢ط،يﺰﻤﻠﻟفاﺮﺷﻷاﺔﻔﺤﺗﻊﻣعﻮﺒﻄﻣ .نﻵافوﺮﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏبﺎﺘﻜﻟااﺬﻫ :ﺖﻠﻗ .ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟا .٢٢٦ص،٥ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 34 .٤٣٥ص،١٧ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 35 ،ﻢﺼﺤﻟامأ :ﻦﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟاو،مﺰﺣﻦﺑاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ﺔﺴﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا ،ـﻫ٣٣٣ت ،يِرَﻮَـﻨْـﻳِّﺪﻟاﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑأﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋﻪﺟﺮﺧأ () 36 .(٣٠٤٤)و (٩٦٢) ﻢﻗرناﺮﺛﻷا (١٤١٩

ِّﻞﻛﻰﻠﻋﻮﻫو_{،ُﺪﻤ َﺤﻟا}ﻪﻟو _{ُﻚﻠُﻤـﻟا}ﻪﻟ،ﻪﻟ َﻚﻳﺮَﺷﻻﻩَﺪﺣوُﻪﻠﻟاﻻإَﻪﻟإﻻنأ ُﺪﻬﺷأ :ﻪﻏاﺮﻓﺪﻌﺑلﺎﻗﻦﻣو ._{ﻲﻠْﺒَـﻗ} .«ٍباﻮﺑأَﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤَﺛﺔﻨﺠﻟاﻦﻣﻪﻟ_{ُﻪﻠﻟا}ﺢﺘَﻓ_{،ٌﺮﻳﺪَﻗ}ٍءﻲﺷ .37_«ﻦﺘﻤﻟاودﺎﻨﺳﻹاﻲﻓ_{ٌﺮَﻜﻨُﻣ}ﻪﱡﻠﻛاﺬﻫ_{» :}ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟااﺬﻫﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﺮﻜﻧأﺪﻘﻓ ﻩُﺮﻴﻏوسﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻩاور_{،ًةّﺮَﻣًةّﺮَﻣﺄ ﱠﺿﻮﺘَﻳ}نﺎﻛﻪﻧأ ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨﻟاﻦﻋﺖﺒﺛ» ﻪﻧﺄﺑةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاﻪﺟوﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _ُﻦﺑاﻦﻴﺑﺪﻗو ﻒﻴﻛﻪﻧﺄﺑو .39_{ٌئﺰﺠﻣ}ءﻮﺿﻮﻟاﻲﻓةﺪﺣاﻮﻟاةﺮﻤﻟاﻰﻠﻋرﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻانأﻰﻠﻋﺔﻣﻷاعﺎﻤﺟﺈﺑو _.38_«تﺎﻘﺜﻟاﺚﻳﺪﺣﻦﻣ َءﻮﺿو ُثﻼﺜﻟاﺖﻧﺎﻛاذإ" ﻪﻧأو ."ﻪﻴﻟإ_{ﻩَﺮﻴﻏ}بَﺪَﻧﺪﻗيﺬﻟا ِﻞﻀَﻔﻟاﻦﻋﻪ ِﺴﻔﻨﺑ _{ُﺐَﻏﺮَﻴﻓ}" _{،ًةّﺮَﻣًةّﺮَﻣ} R ﻲﺒﻨﻟا_{ُﺄ ّﺿﻮﺘَﻳ} !؟40ﻪﺑﺮﻣُأﺎﻣ _R ﻲﺒﻨﻟاﻒﻟﺎﺨﻳﻒﻴﻜﻓ _{"ًﺎﻔﻴﻨﺣ}ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإ_{َﺔّﻠِﻣَﻊِﺒﱠﺘَـﻳ}نأﺮِﻣُأﺪﻗو،_{ﷺ َﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإ} ﻢﻠﻌﻟا ُﻞﻫأ _{ُﻞِﻐَﺘﺸَﻳ}ﺲﻴﻟو" :لﺎﻘﻓ،ﻪﻴﺑأوأ_{ﻲِّﻤَﻌﻟا}ﺪﻳزﻦﺑﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ _{ِﻞَﺒِﻗ}ﻦِﻣﻊﻗوﺪﻗدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟااﺬﻫنأ_{ﻦﱠﻴَـﺑ}ﻢﺛ .41_"ﺎﻤِﻬِﻛﺮَﺗﻰﻠﻋاﻮُﻌﻤﺟَأﺪﻗو،ﻪﻴﺑأوﻲِّﻤَﻌﻟاﺪﻳزﻦﺑﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﺚﻳﺪﺣﻞﺜﻤﺑﻞﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑ :ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺧ ﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﻚﻠﺘﻟﻲﺘﺳاردوﻲﺿاﺮﻌﺘﺳالﻼﺧﻦﻣﻪﻴﻟإ _{ُﺖﻴﻬَﺘﻧا}ﺎﻣﱠﻢﻫأ ٍزﺎﺠﻳﺈﺑﺮﻛذأﺚﺤﺒﻟااﺬﻫمﺎﺘﺧﻲﻓو :لﻮﻗﺄﻓ_{،ﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻜَﻨﺑّﺮَـﺒﻟا}ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻢﻜﺣﻲﺘﻟا ﻦﻣو ،ﻦﻴﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟادﺎﻘﻨﻟاتارﺎﺒﻋ لﻼﺧﻦﻣﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ،باﺮﻏﻹاوةرﺎﻜﻨﻟاوذوﺬﺸﻟﺎﺑﺔﻘﻴﺛوٌﺔﻠﺻدﺮﻔﺘﻠﻟ -١ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟاﻚﻠﺗﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗﻰﻠﻋحﻼﻄﺻﻻاﻞﻫأرﻮﻬﻤﺟىﺪﻟﺮﻣﻷاﱠﺮﻘﺘﺳانﺎﻛنإو،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻢﻬﺘﻠﻤﺟ .ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ_{نوﺮِﻳﺎﻐُﻳو}،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ٍلاﻮﺣﺄﺑﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻟاو ءﺎﻔﻌﻀﻟاةاوﺮﻟاﺔﻬﺟﻦﻣﺖﻌﻗوﺎﻤﻧإةرﺎﻜﻨﻟﺎﺑﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﻢﻜﺣﻲﺘﻟادﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻩﻮﺟوﻦﻣﻊﻗوﺎﻣﺮﺜﻛأ -٢ .ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻲﻓﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ_{ﺪَﻤﺘﻌُﻳ}ﻻﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﻚﻟذﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓو،ﻚﻟﺬﺑ_{ًﺎﺣِّﺮﺼﻣ}ةرﺎﻜﻨﻠﻟﺔﺒﺟﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟادﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻩﻮﺟوﺾﻌﺑﻲﻓﻪﻳأر_{يِﺪﺒُﻳ}ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑانﺎﻛ -٣ .ﻪﻣﻼﻛقﺎﻴِﺳلﻼﺧﻦﻣﺎﻬﻴﻓ_{ﻪُﻳأرﻢﻬﻔُﻳ}ﻦﻜﻟ،دﺮﻔﺘﻟاﻪﺟوﻰﻠﻋ ﱠﺺﻨﻳﻢﻟ ٍﺺﺨﺷداﺮﻔﻧا_{ﻞﻤﺘﺤُﻳ}ﻻﺎﻤﺑدﱡﺮﻔﺘﻟاﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاناﺰﻴﻣﻲﻓتﺎﻳاوﺮﻟاةرﺎﻜﻨﺑﻢﻜﺤﻟا_{تﺎﻏِّﻮﺴُﻣ}ﻢﻫأﻦﻣ -٤ .ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷُﺔﺿﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻاو _{ُرﺎﻬﺘﺷﻻا}ﺎﻬﱡﻘﺣﻲﺘﻟاتﺎﻳاوﺮﻟاﻦﻣﻪﺑ نﻮﻜﻳنأوأ_{،ِﻪَﺘﻠﻤُﺠﺑ}وأ ِﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﻞﺻﺄﺑنﻮﻜﻳنأﺎﻣإﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓةرﺎﻜﻨﻠﻟﻲﻀﺘﻘﻤﻟادﺮﻔﺘﻟا -٥ .ﻪﻇﺎﻔﻟأﺾﻌﺒﺑ ﻞﺑ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓ_{ٍﺔﻬﻴﺟَو} ٍبﺎﺒﺳأو ٍﻞﻠﻌﺑﺖﻧﺎﻛ،ةرﺎﻜﱠﻨﻟﺎﺑﺚﻳدﺎﺣﻷاﻚﻠﺗﻰﻠﻋﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑامﺎﻜﺣأ -٦ ،ﻢﻫﺮﻴﻏوﺔﻋرزﻲﺑأوﻢﺗﺎﺣﻲﺑأوﻦﻴﻌﻣﻦﺑاوﺪﻤﺣأويرﺎﺨﺒﻟاﻞﺜﻣ ؛دﺎﻘﻨﻟاةﺬﺑﺎﻬﺟﻪﺑ_{ﱡﺪﺘﻌَﻳ}ﺎﻤﻣﺎﻫﺮﺜﻛأنأﻲﻟﺮﻬﻇ .ﻢﻫﺪﻘﻧﻲﻓﻪﻧﻮﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳو .٢٦٠ص،٢٠ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 37 .سﺎﺒﻋﻦﺑاﺚﻳﺪﺣﻦﻣ (١٥٧) ﻢﻗرﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا،ﻪﺤﻴﺤﺻﻲﻓيرﺎﺨﺒﻟاﻪﺟﺮﺧأ () 38 ،ًةّﺮَﻣًةّﺮَﻣئﺰﺠُﻳءﻮﺿﻮﻟانأ :ﻢﻠﻌﻟاﻞﻫأﺔﻣﺎﻋﺪﻨﻋاﺬﻫﻰﻠﻋﻞﻤﻌﻟا" :(٤٤) ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺮﺛﺈﺑﻪﻨﻨﺳﻲﻓيﺬﻣﺮﺘﻟالﺎﻗ () 39 ."ءﻲﺷﻩﺪﻌﺑﺲﻴﻟو،ثﻼﺛﻪﻠﻀﻓأو،ﻞﻀﻓأﻦﻴﺗﺮﻣو .٢٦٠ص،٢٠ج،ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا () 40 .ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟارﺪﺼﻤﻟا () 41

:ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟاوردﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻈﻨﺤﻟاﻲﻤﻴﻤﺘﻟارﺬﻨﻤﻟاﻦﺑﺲﻳردإﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻢﺗﺎﺣﻲﺑأﻦﺑﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣﻮﺑأ،يزاﺮﻟاﻢﺗﺎﺣﻲﺑأﻦﺑا ﺲﻠﺠﻣﺔﻌﺒﻃ :ﺪﻨﻬﻟا،ﻦﻛﺪﻟادﺎﺑآرﺪﻴﺣ) ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﻟاﻲﻤﻠﻌﻤﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ :ﺢﻣ،ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟاوحﺮﺠﻟاـﻫ٣٢٧ تيزاﺮﻟا .(م١٩٥٢ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻌﻟافرﺎﻌﻤﻟاةﺮﺋاد ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺐﺘﻜﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،ﻖﻟﺎﺨﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻲﻨﻐﻟاﺪﺒﻋ :ﺢﻣ،ﻪﺒﻗﺎﻨﻣوﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟابادآ،يزاﺮﻟاﻢﺗﺎﺣﻲﺑأﻦﺑا .(م٢٠٠٣ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) ،٢ط ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻟا رﺎﻄﻌﻟاتﺰﻋ :ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ،ﺲﻟﺪﻧﻷا ﺔﻤﺋأ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﻲﻓ_{ﺔَﻠ ِّﺼﻟا ،لاﻮُﻜ ْﺸَﺑ} ﻦﺑا .(١٩٥٥ ،ﻲﺠﻧﺎﺨﻟا لﺎﻤﺟ،يﺰﻤﻠﻟفاﺮﺷﻷا ﺔﻔﺤﺗﻊﻣ،فاﺮِّﻈﻟا ﺖﻜﻨﻟا،ﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻮﺑأ،ﻲﻧﻼﻘﺴﻌﻟاﺮﺠﺣﻦﺑا :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،٢ط،ﻦﻳﺪﻟافﺮﺷﺪﻤﺼﻟاﺪﺒﻋ :ﺢﻣ،ـﻫ ٧٤٢ تيﺰﻤﻟاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﻒﺳﻮﻳجﺎﺠﺤﻟاﻮﺑأﻦﻳﺪﻟا .(م١٩٨٣ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺐﺘﻜﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﺒﻨﺤﻟا،ﻲﻘﺸﻣﺪﻟا ﻢﺛ،يداﺪﻐﺒﻟا،ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﻦﺑ ﺐﺟرﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻦﻳز،ﺐﺟرﻦﺑا ،١ط ،ندرﻷا ،ءﺎﻗرﺰﻟا ،رﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ مﺎﻤﻫ .د :ﺢﻣ) ،يﺬﻣﺮﺘﻟا ﻞﻠﻋ حﺮﺷ ،ـﻫ٧٩٥ ت .(م١٩٨٧ ،حﻼﻤﻟاراد،ﻖﺸﻣد) ﺮﺘﻋﻦﻳﺪﻟارﻮﻧ .د :ﺢﻣ،يﺬﻣﺮﺘﻟاﻞﻠﻋ حﺮﺷ،ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻦﻳز،ﺐﺟرﻦﺑا .(م١٩٧٨ ،ـﻫ٤٦٣تﻲﺒﻃﺮﻘﻟايﺮﻤﻨﻟاﻢﺻﺎﻋﻦﺑﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﻒﺳﻮﻳﺮﻤﻋﻮﺑأ،ﺮﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑا ،يﺮﻜﺒﻟاﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟاﺪﺒﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣويﻮﻠﻌﻟاﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ :ﺢﻣ،ﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﻷاو ﻲﻧﺎﻌﻤﻟاﻦﻣﺄﻃﻮﻤﻟاﻲﻓﺎﻤﻟﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا .ـ(ه١٣٨٧ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹانوﺆﺸﻟاوفﺎﻗوﻷامﻮﻤﻋةرازو :بﺮﻐﻤﻟا) ﺪﺷﺮﻣلدﺎﻋوطوﺆﻧرﻷاﺐﻴﻌﺷ :ﺢﻣ،ﻦﻨﺴﻟاـﻫ٢٧٣ تﻲﻨﻳوﺰﻘﻟاﺪﻳﺰﻳﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأ،ﻪﺟﺎﻣﻦﺑا .(م٢٠٠٩ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟاﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاراد،ﻪﻠﻟازﺮﺣﻒﻴﻄّﻠﻟا_{ﺪﺒَﻋو}ﻲﻠﻠﺑﻩﺮﻗﻞﻣﺎﻛﺪﱠﻤﺤﻣو ،ـﻫ٢٧٥ ت_{ﻲﻧﺎﺘ ْﺴِﺠِّﺴﻟا}يدزﻷاوﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑداﺪﺷﻦﺑﺮﻴﺸﺑﻦﺑقﺎﺤﺳإﻦﺑﺚﻌﺷﻷاﻦﺑنﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ،دوادﻮﺑأ .(م٢٠٠٩ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟاﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،ﻲﻠﻠﺑﻩﺮﻗﻞِﻣﺎﻛ_{ﺪﱠﻤ َﺤﻣو}طوﺆﻧرﻷا_{ﺐﻴَﻌﺷ} :ﺢﻣ،ﻦﻨﺴﻟا ﺐﻴﻌﺷ :ﺢﻣ،ﺪﻨﺴﻤﻟا ،ـﻫ٢٤١ تﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻨﺣﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣأﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻮﺑأ،ﻞﺒﻨﺣﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣأ .(م٢٠٠١ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟاﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) نوﺮﺧآو،ﺪﺷﺮﻣلدﺎﻋوطوﺆﻧرﻷا :ﺢﻣ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا،ـﻫ٢٥٦ تﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأ،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟاةﺮﻴﻐﻤﻟاﻦﺑﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإﻦﺑﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳإﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟا .(ـﻫ١٤٢٢ ،ةﺎﺠﻨﻟاقﻮﻃراد :ضﺎﻳﺮﻟا) ،ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟاﺮﺻﺎﻧﻦﺑﺮﻴﻫزﺪﻤﺤﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،فوﺮﻌﻣداﻮﻋرﺎﺸﺑ .د :ﺢﻣ،ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٢٧٩ تﻰﺴﻴﻋﻮﺑأ_{ةرْﻮَﺳ}ﻦﺑﻰﺴﻴﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺬﻣﺮﺘﻟا .(م١٩٩٨ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹابﺮﻐﻟاراد ،ـﻫ٤٠٥ت_{ﻊِّﻴَـﺒﻟا}ﻦﺑﺎﺑفوﺮﻌﻤﻟايرﻮﺑﺎﺴﻴﻨﻟاﻪﻳوﺪﻤﺣﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأ،ﻢﻛﺎﺤﻟا .(ـﻫ١٣٩٧ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺐﺘﻜﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،٢ط،ﻦﻴﺴﺣﻢﻈﻌﻣﺪﻴﺴﻟا :ﺢﻣ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟامﻮﻠﻋﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﻤﺣأﻢﻌﻨﻤﻟاﺪﺒﻋداﺆﻓ .د :ﺢﻣ،ﻞﻴﻠﻛﻹابﺎﺘﻛﻰﻟإﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا،ﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأ،ﻢﻛﺎﺤﻟا .(ت.د،ةﻮﻋﺪﻟاراد :ﺔﻳرﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹا)

،ﺲﻟﺪﻧﻷا _ةﻻُو ﺮﻛذ ﻲﻓ_{ﺲِﺒَﺘﻘُﻤـﻟاةَوْﺬَﺟ} ،ـﻫ٤٨٨ ت يدزﻷاﻪﻠﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ حﻮﺘﻓ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺪﻴﻤﺤﻟا .(م١٩٦٦ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻟاوﻒﻴﻟﺄﺘﻠﻟﺔﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟاراﺪﻟا :ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ،ـﻫ٤٦٣ ت يداﺪﻐﺒﻟاﺐﻴﻄﺨﻟايﺪﻬﻣﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑﺖﺑﺎﺛﻦﺑﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑأ،ﺐﻴﻄﺨﻟا .(م ٢٠٠٢ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹابﺮﻐﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،فوﺮﻌﻣداﻮﻋرﺎﺸﺑرﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا :ﺢﻣ،داﺪﻐﺑ يﺪﻤﺣﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإوﻲﻗرﻮﺴﻟاﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻲﺑأ :ﺢﻣ،ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟاﻢﻠﻋﻲﻓﺔﻳﺎﻔﻜﻟا،ﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑأ،ﺐﻴﻄﺨﻟا .(ت.د،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟا :ةرﻮﻨﻤﻟاﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟا) ،ﻲﻧﺪﻤﻟا ،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاءﺎﻤﻠﻋﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﻲﻓدﺎﺷرﻹا،ـﻫ٤٤٦ت،ﻲﻨﻳوﺰﻘﻟاﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﻞﻴﻠﺨﻟاﻰﻠﻌﻳﻮﺑأ،ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺨﻟا .(ـﻫ١٤٠٩ ،ﺪﺷﺮﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ضﺎﻳﺮﻟا) ،ﺲﻳردإﺮﻤﻋﺪﻴﻌﺳﺪﻤﺤﻣ .د :ﺢﻣ ﺮﺸﺑﻰﻠﻋﺾﻘﻨﻟا،ـﻫ٢٨٠ تﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﺠﺴﻟاﻲﻣراﺪﻟاﺪﻴﻌﺳﻦﺑﺪﻟﺎﺧﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳﻦﺑنﺎﻤﺜﻋﺪﻴﻌﺳﻮﺑأ،ﻲﻣراﺪﻟا .(م١٩٩٨ ،ﺪﺷﺮﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ضﺎﻳﺮﻟا) ،ﻲﻌﻤﻟﻷاﻦﺴﺣﻦﺑﺪﻴﺷر :ﺢﻣ،ﻲﺴﻳﺮﻤﻟا لآﻦﺴﺣﻦﺑرﻮﻬﺸﻣ :ﺢﻣ،ﺔﺴﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا،ـﻫ٣٣٣ تﻲﻜﻟﺎﻤﻟايرﻮﻨﻳﺪﻟاناوﺮﻣﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑأ_{،يِرَﻮَـﻨْـﻳِّﺪﻟا} .(ـﻫ١٤١٩ ،مﺰﺣﻦﺑاراد،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟاﺔﻴﻌﻤﺟ :توﺮﻴﺑ،ﻦﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟا) نﺎﻤﻠﺳ مﻼﻋأﺮﻴﺳ،ـﻫ٧٤٨ تﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟا_{زﺎﻤْﻳﺎَﻗ}ﻦﺑنﺎﻤﺜﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺲﻤﺷ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،٣ط ،طوؤﺎﻧرﻷا ﺐﻴﻌﺷ ﺦﻴﺸﻟا فاﺮﺷﺈﺑ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ :ﺢﻣ ،ءﻼﺒﻨﻟا .(م١٩٨٥ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،يوﺎﺠﺒﻟاﺪﻤﺤﻣﻲﻠﻋ :ﺢﻣ،لاﺪﺘﻋﻻاناﺰﻴﻣ،ﺪﻤﺣأﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﻠﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺲﻤﺷ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻟا .(م١٩٦٣ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻟاوﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟاراد ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑنﺎﻤﺜﻋﻦﺑﺮﻜﺑﻲﺑأﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﻴﺨﻟاﻮﺑأﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺲﻤﺷ،يوﺎ َﺨﱠﺴﻟا ،ﺔﻨﺴﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) ،ﻲﻠﻋﻦﻴﺴﺣﻲﻠﻋ :ﺢﻣ،ﻲﻗاﺮﻌﻠﻟﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟاﺔﻴﻔﻟأحﺮﺸﺑﺚﻴﻐﻤﻟاﺢﺘﻓ،ـﻫ٩٠٢ تيوﺎﺨﺴﻟا .(م٢٠٠٣ :ﺢﻣ،ﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٢٢٧ تﻲﻧﺎﺟزﻮﺠﻟاﻲﻧﺎﺳاﺮﺨﻟاﺔﺒﻌﺷﻦﺑرﻮﺼﻨﻣﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳنﺎﻤﺜﻋﻮﺑأ،رﻮﺼﻨﻣﻦﺑﺪﻴﻌﺳ .(م١٩٨٢ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺴﻟاراﺪﻟا :ﺪﻨﻬﻟا) ﻲﻤﻈﻋﻷاﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﻦﺑدﻮﻌﺴﻣﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺪﻌﺳﻲﻧازﺎﺘﻔﺘﻠﻟﺢﻳﻮﻠﺘﻟاﻪﺣﺮﺷﻊﻣ،ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟا،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟادﻮﻌﺴﻣﻦﺑﻪﻠﻟاﺪﻴﺒﻋﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟارﺪﺻ .(ت.د،ﺢﻴﺒﺻﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﺮﺼﻣ) ،ـﻫ٧٩٣ تﻲﻧازﺎﺘﻔﺘﻟاﺮﻤﻋ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ،ـﻫ٦٤٣ تحﻼﺼﻟا ﻦﺑﺎﺑفوﺮﻌﻤﻟا ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻲﻘﺗ،وﺮﻤﻋﻮﺑأ ،ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑنﺎﻤﺜﻋ ،حﻼﺼﻟاﻦﺑا ﺮﻜﻔﻟاراد :ﺎﻳرﻮﺳ،ﺮﻜﻔﻟاراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،ﺮﺘﻋﻦﻳﺪﻟارﻮﻧ :ﺢﻣ،حﻼﺼﻟاﻦﺑاﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﺑ_{فﺮﻌُﻳو}،ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟامﻮﻠﻋعاﻮﻧأ .(م١٩٨٦ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟا يﺮﺼﻤﻟايﺮﺠﺤﻟايدزﻷاﺔﻤﻠﺳ ﻦﺑﻚﻠﻤﻟا ﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑ ﺔﻣﻼﺳﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣأﺮﻔﻌﺟﻮﺑأ،يوﺎﺤﻄﻟا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،طوﺆﻧرﻷا ﺐﻴﻌﺷ :ﺢﻣ ،رﺎﺛﻵا ﻞﻜﺸﻣ حﺮﺷ ،ـﻫ٣٢١ ت يوﺎﺤﻄﻟﺎﺑ فوﺮﻌﻤﻟا .(ـﻫ١٩٩٤ ،يوﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﺣﺮﺷو ﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟا ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﻞﻠﻌﻟ يواﺪﻤﻟا ،ـﻫ١٣٨٠ت يرﺎﻤُﻐﻟا ﻖﻳِّﺪ ِّﺼﻟا ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣأ ،يرﺎﻤُﻐﻟا .(م١٩٩٦ ،ﻲﺒﺘﻜﻟاراد :ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا)

قرﺎﺸﻣ،ـﻫ٥٤٤ تﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻮﺑأ،ﻲﺘﺒﺴﻟاﻲﺒﺼﺤﻴﻟانوﺮﻤﻋﻦﺑضﺎﻴﻋﻦﺑﻰﺳﻮﻣﻦﺑضﺎﻴﻋ،ضﺎﻴﻋﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟا .(ت .د،ثاﺮﺘﻟارادوﺔﻘﻴﺘﻌﻟاﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟا :ﺮﺼﻣ) ،رﺎﺛﻵاحﺎﺤﺻﻰﻠﻋراﻮﻧﻷا ،ـﻫ٢٤٥ تﻦﻳﻮﻟـﺑفوﺮﻌﻤﻟاﻲﺼﻴﺼﻤﻟايﺪﺳﻷاﺮﻴﺒﺟﻦﺑﺐﻴﺒﺣﻦﺑنﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳﻦﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﻔﻌﺟﻮﺑأ_{،ﻦﻳَﻮُﻟ} .(م١٩٩٧ ،ﻒﻠﺴﻟاءاﻮﺿأ :ضﺎﻳﺮﻟا) ،ﻲﻧﺪﻌﺴﻟاﺪﻴﻤﺤﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﺪﻌﺴﻣ :ﺢﻣ،ﻦﻳﻮﻟءﺰﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻀﻘﻟاﺪﻤﺤﻣﻲﺑأﻲﻛﺰﻟاﻦﺑاﻦﻳﺪﻟالﺎﻤﺟ ،جﺎﺠﺤﻟاﻮﺑأ،ﻒﺳﻮﻳﻦﺑﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻦﺑﻒﺳﻮﻳ،يﺰﻤﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،فوﺮﻌﻣداﻮﻋرﺎﺸﺑ .د :ﺢﻣ،لﺎﺟﺮﻟاءﺎﻤﺳأﻲﻓلﺎﻤﻜﻟاﺐﻳﺬﻬﺗ،ـﻫ٧٤٢ تيﺰﻤﻟاﻲﺒﻠﻜﻟا .(م١٩٨٠ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋداﺆﻓﺪﻤﺤﻣ :ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻋ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا،ـﻫ٢٦١ تيرﻮﺑﺎﺴﻴﻨﻟايﺮﻴﺸﻘﻟاﻦﻴﺴﺤﻟاﻮﺑأجﺎﺠﺤﻟاﻦﺑﻢﻠﺴﻣ،ﻢﻠﺴﻣ .(ت.د،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟاثاﺮﺘﻟاءﺎﻴﺣإراد :توﺮﻴﺑ) ،ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ :ﺢﻣ،ﻰﺒﺘﺠﻤﻟاﻦﻨﺴﻟا،ـﻫ٣٠٣ ت ﻲﻧﺎﺳاﺮﺨﻟاﻲﻠﻋﻦﺑﺐﻴﻌﺷﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣأﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑأ،ﻲﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا .(م١٩٨٦ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاتﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻤﻟاﺐﺘﻜﻣ :ﺐﻠﺣ) ،٢ط،ةﺪﻏﻮﺑأحﺎﺘﻔﻟا Kaynakça

Ahmed, Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Hanbel eş-Şeybânî (ö. 241/855 ) el-Müsned, thk. Şuayb el-Arnaûd, Âdil Mürşid vdğ. Birinci Baskı.Beyrut: Müessesetü’r-Risâle, 1421.

Beyhakî, Ahmed b. el-Hüseyn b. Ali b. Mûsâ el-Husreverdî el-Horasânî Ebû Be-kir el-Beyhakî, (ö. 458/1065), es-Sünen el-Kubra, Haydarâbâd: Dâiratü‘l-Ma‘ârifi‘l-Osmâniyye, 1344.

Buhârî, Muhammed b. İsmâîl el-Kûfî, es-Sahîh, thk. Muhammed Züheyir b. Nâsır en-Nâsır. Musevveratün an Es-Sultâniyye bi İdâfeti Terkim Muhammed Fuâd Abdulbâkî. 1. Baskı, Riyad: Dâru Tavki’n-Necât, 1422.

Cessâs, Ahmet b. Ali Ebû Bekir er-Râzî el-Cessâs el-Hanefî (ö. 370/ 980),

Ahkamü‘l-kurân, thk. Muhammed sâdik kehavi, Beyrut: Dâr Ihyâü‘t-Turas

el-Arabi, 1405.

Dârimî, Ebû Saîd Osman b. Saîd b. Hâlid b. Saîd ed-Dârimî es-Sicistânî, (ö. 280/893) en-Nakd alâ bişr el-merîsî, thk. Ebû Âsım eş-Şevâmî el-Esrî, Bi-rinci Baskı, Kahire: el-Mektebetü’l-İslâmiyye, 1433.

Dârimî, Ebû Saîd Osman b. Saîd b. Hâlid b. Saîd ed-Dârimî es-Sicistânî, (ö. 280/893) en-Nakd alâ bişr el-merîsî, thk. Beşir b. Hasan el-Elmâî, Birinci Baskı, riyad: Mektebetü’r-ruşd, 1998.

Halîlî, Halil b. Abdullah b. Ahmed b. İbrâhim b. Halîl el-Kazvînî, (ö. 446/1054 ) el-İrşâd fî m’arifeti’l-ulemâi’l-hadîs, thk. Muhammed Saîd, Ömer İdrîs, Birinci Baskı, Riyad: Mektebetü’r-Rüşd, 1409.