JOSHAS Journal (e-ISSN:2630-6417)
2021 / Vol:7, Issue:40 / pp.980-990 Arrival Date : 02.05.2021
Published Date : 22.06.2021
Doi Number : http://dx.doi.org/10.31589/JOSHAS.630
Cite As : Düzenli, T. (2021). “Environmental Design Project Process Of Trabzon Ammunition Building”, Journal Of Social,
Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 7(40):980-990.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN PROJECT PROCESS OF TRABZON AMMUNITION
BUILDING
TRABZON CEPHANELİK BİNASI ÇEVRE TASARIM PROJE SÜRECİ
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuğba DÜZENLİ
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry / Department of Landscape Architecture, Trabzon/Turkey ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6957-3921
ABSTRACT
The study examined the environmental design project process of the Ammunition building, which is one of the registered buildings of the city of Trabzon. The structure and its surroundings have been registered and protected by the law numbered 2863. The structure, which serves as a restaurant, cafe, wedding hall and boutique hotel today, consists of two nested sections in a diameter of approximately 25-40 m and the surrounding of the structure is set as a study area in the Karadeniz Technical University Environmental Design Project 3 course. The purpose of the project is to determine the basic function of the structure and to reveal the relationship of this function to the environment. In accordance with the existing recreation area function and in accordance with the protection status given by the law numbered 2863, the design process of the area was evaluated, with the condition of adhering to the tour and recreation function. In the study, the design process of the two student studies carried out in in the workshop of Assoc. Prof. Tuğba Düzenli has been thoroughly examined. As a consequence of that, the environmental design project stages of the Ammunition were come out.
Key Words: Environmental Design, Historical environment, Ammunition, Landscape architecture
ÖZET
Çalışmada Trabzon kenti tescilli yapılarından olan cephanelik binası çevre tasarım proje süreci incelenmiştir. Yapı ve çevresi 2863 sayılı yasa ile tescil edilmiş ve koruma altına alınmıştır. Günümüzde restoran, cafe, düğün salonu ve butik otel olarak hizmet vermekte olan yapı, yaklaşık 25-40 m çapında iç içe iki bölümden oluşmaktadır Yapının çevresi Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Çevre Tasarım Proje 3 dersinde çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Projenin amacı, yapının temel fonksiyonunu belirlemek ve bu fonksiyonun çevreyle olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Mevcuttaki rekreasyon alanı fonksiyonuna uygun olarak ve 2863 sayılı yasa ile verilen koruma statüsüne uygun biçimde gezinti ve dinlenme fonksiyonuna bağlı kalmak koşulu ile alanın tasarım süreci değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada Doç. Dr. Tuğba Düzenli atölyesinde yapılan iki öğrenci çalışmasının tasarım süreci detaylı bir biçimde incelenmiştir. Sonuçta cephanelik çevre tasarım proje aşamaları ortaya konmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Çevre Tasarımı, tarihi çevre, cephanelik, peyzaj mimarlığı
1. INTRODUCTION
Historical urban textures have been very successful in transferring the lifestyle and philosophy of the time, culture, and period to the physical space to which they belong. In these environments, we see that the social, cultural, economic, technological and aesthetic dimensions of the user profile of that culture and the harmony between them are reflected in all spatial dimensions from the object to the building, from the building to the building groups and to the city level. Nowadays, with the development of technology and science, it is expected that this harmony will be more reflected in their living environment and that this consciousness will become more settled, but on the contrary, these conditions have become in no way achievable. However, it is necessary to ensure that the harmony of space-people is maintained in a continuity between the past-present-future (Arabacıoğlu and Aydemir, 2007). It is important to review and interpret positive features in historical environments and textures, and to reflect them in open spaces, thus ensuring the conformance of historical buildings to the environment.
The ability of historical structures or textures to adapt to the present life and to continuity maintain their indirect use becomes possible by transforming them into living spaces that meet the understanding and requirements of today's space. There are many reasons why historical structures cannot be integrated into the present. Upon evaluation in this context, the existence of the historical building stock is threatened by the fact that they have lost their original use in the historical process or become physically unusable due to being damaged for various Research Article
reasons. The fact that historical structures have lost their original function or are functionally aging is the reason why buildings need to be reused. Structures that have lost their original function or become functionally old become abandoned and unusable, thus losing these historical values in question. The integration of historical structures into today's life plays an important role in transferring these structures to the future. In this context, the re-functional use of structures and their environment allows the structures to be transferred to the present and indirectly to the future (Zeren, 2019).
The process of integrating structures into today's life makes it necessary them to be used with the formations required by today. In this sense, they can often be evaluated and renewed by the use of secondary functions in historical structures. The need program of the secondary functions of the structures may include contradictions to original space fictions, facade characteristics, or the need program of the secondary function prescribed in the process of renewing the historical structure may exceed the spatial capacity of the historical structure. In such cases, construct the additional spaces becomes required to resolve the incompatibility or inadequacy of historical structures with the functions they will serve. In rapidly growing and changing cities, historical-cultural heritage and their surroundings lose their original identity, legibility and eventually turn into a whole of undefined places. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies in which urban landscape design will be active at every stage to protect and improve historical city centers (Erdoğan and Atabeyoğlu, 2016).
In the whole or part of the urban landscape, the historical textures that remain within the settled areas should be considered together with the open-green areas around them. In this study, the environmental design project process of the historic Ammunition building in Trabzon was intended to be revealed.
2. HISTORY OF THE AMMUNITION BUILDING
The Armory Building, one of the beautiful works Trabzon, is also distinguished as an interesting example of military architecture that has survived to the present day. The Ammunition is the most notable and discussed structure in Trabzon structures. Under the picture of the building in the albums of Yıldız Palace, it is written that it was built in 1305 according to the Islamic calendar. The Sultan’s signature and inscription of Abdülhamit II on the door confirm this. It is definitely understood that the Ammunition was built on 1887. It was enclosed in a high protective wall, and there was a police station near the west. It was used as ammunitions depot during the 1916-1918 Russian occupation and was destroyed by an explosion on July 9, 1919 (Url 1).
The Ammunition Building was built on the western slope of Boztepe, located in the south of Trabzon, facing the valley. Due to it is located quite high from the road, it can be reached by following a narrow dirt road. The structure is located among the greenery and unseen when it comes from the north. It was built during the reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1908), together with a small outpost located to the South. The date of 1887 on the old photographs gives information about the year of construction. On February 24, 1918, after the liberation of Trabzon, the Russians had to leave behind many war materials and ammunition while leaving the city. These include boots, cannonballs, long-range cannons, howitzers, burst guns, uniforms, winter clothes, flasks, gas masks, rifles, machine guns, bomb cannons, barbed wire coils, wire-cutting shears, cargo, and passenger cars are available. The Ammunition is where a serious explosive material is held along with these materials. On Thursday July 10, 1919, the explosion occurred at 14: 00 in the Red Ammunition, east of Boztepe, where Russian ammunition and ordnance were found. (Üçüncü, 2015). Today, only the Ammunition building has survived. Only a small part of the garden walls surrounding the body and the building remained intact, with all the roof cover and flooring elements destroyed (Şahinkaya, 1994).
In accordance with the definition of "Among the cultural data that constitute the material history of the society, they are structures that must be preserved with their historical, symbolic, memory and aesthetic qualities." of the 1st Group Structures specified in the principle decision of the High Council of Cultural and Natural Heraitage Preservation dated 05.11.1999 and numbered 660, the Ammunition building which is located in the area of sheet numbered 73, plot numbered 182, parcel numbered 182, located in the Boztepe neighborhood of Ortahisar district of Trabzon province, was registered with the decision of the High Council of Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation dated 04.09.1985 and numbered 1426 and the inventory numbered 434. The Ammunition building and conservation area in question have been expanded and redefined by the decision of the Regional Council of Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation of Trabzon dated 26.03.201 and numbered 2626 (url 2).
The specified parcel area has a land structure that is partially high topographical slope in a area close to the valley floor in the south direction of the Tabakhane Valley and further on between Bahçecik District and
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021 7 (40) JUNE Boztepe-Çukurçayır District. The parcel area was arranged as a green field in the master zoning plan before 23.09.2016. On this date, it was removed from the green field status and converted to the recreation area, which this decision was also approved by GDPR. Nowadays, the structure and its surroundings have been registered and protected by the law numbered 2863. The structure, which serves as an existing restaurant, cafe, wedding hall and boutique hotel, consists of two nested sections, approximately 25-40 m in diameter. The inner section has four floors, and the outer section has three floors. In the interior and exterior structures there are three windows with oval arched.
The ammunition structure is located on the western slope of Boztepe in the south of Trabzon, overlooking the valley with a small stream flowing through it. This valley and the existing road connect Yeni Cuma to its east and Bahçecik districts to its west. The reason for its distance from the city center is the safety concern arising from the function of the building at the time it was built. It is observed that residential settlements are not scattered and dense. In order to reach the building, it is necessary to go up by following the dirt road after the existing road.
The Ammunition building is a 19th century masonry building, quite high from the existing road, amidst greenery, giving a picturesque appearance. Due to the slope of the terrain, the structure is approximately 30 m. above the main road. The elevation difference between the arsenal and the flat to the south, where the Police station was once located, was calculated as 3 m. It is also seen in photographs of the Police station was built at higher altitude. In the area where scattered and few residential settlements are located, the closest house to the building is in the northwest. The couple who lives here also guard the Ammunition Building. When viewed from the slope behind the building, an oval trace evident by its depression is striking. In the cadastral plan dated 1955, it is understood that there is a circular pool here. Most of the garden walls have been destroyed. Therefore, the immediate surroundings of the arsenal were filled with stones. This has affected the Eastern Front the most. The piled stones rise up to the first-floor level of the structure here. In addition, it was not possible to walk around the building because of the growing trees and thorny bushes covering the facade here. Therefore, the sketch of the eastern facade was not made (Şahinkaya, 1994). Old photos of the Ammunition building were given in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Old photos of Ammunition (Trabzon Metropolitan Municipality, 2016)
3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN PROJECT COURSE PROCESS
Creative problem-solving skills of students are strengthened by teaching creative thinking in projects, etc. lessons and by experiencing the design process. With this method, the student's creative personality traits are strengthened, and this creative process serves to reveal the potential of the creative product with the creative person (Düzenli et al., 2020, Alpak et al., 2017; Düzenli et al., 2017a). Landscape architecture training is also defined as creating options, topography formatting, organizing open space and organizing human activities (Rodlek and Steiner, 1998; Özkan et al., 2016). Since the discipline of Landscape Architecture is a multi-functional profession that contains concepts for different disciplines, different methods of education should be integrated into each other. For this reason, students are expected to produce original and functional designs suitable for the purpose by integrating the design processes in the education process (Düzenli and Alpak, 2016; Düzenli et al., 2017b; Düzenli et al., 2017c). Ultimately, the resulting designed product emerges as a result of the creative problem-solving phase (Düzenli et al., 2018a; Düzenli et al., 2018b).
In the Environmental Design 3 course given in the 2nd grade of the Department of Landscape Architecture at Karadeniz Technical University, the students were first given the project title "Armory Building Surrounding
Design". Students were first asked to do a literary survey (abstract-character association, concrete-real design examples) on the subject, to review the issue of historical buildings and their surroundings, to create a list of activities around a hotel-restaurant. Each student then identified a scenario and concept for this historic area. Then, in order to improve the creativity skill, a function scheme for the activities was developed by choosing the activities that are suitable for the concept they determined. As a result of the determined activity list, literature review, they made analysis and synthesis for the field in order to create their original formal approaches in line with the emulated example and scenario. The sketch studies have been carried out based on these and 3-dimension recommendations have been created. One of the suggestions created has been selected to develop a capacity-appropriate measurement, activity-appropriate equipment, and form, spatial editing, and the final products have been reached. Within the scope of the 2020-2021 Spring Semester Environmental Design Project 3 course, two student studies of the Ammunition Environment Project design completed in the workshop of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuğba DÜZENLİ were examined in detail.
4. REVIEW OF THE AMMUNİTİON ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN PROJECT PROCESS
First, the area map subsets are delivered to students via email. However, since the education process is online, students who are out of town have not been able to navigate, examine and conduct survey. Situation plan etc. base, and photographs were conveyed to the students by the instructors of the course. Based on these data, the students prepared their survey studies as a group (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Group Survey Study
The concept presentation boards were then prepared with activity lists by doing sample research (Table 1). In this study, 2 student studies were examined in a 9-person workshop, the selected studies belong to Medine Demirci numbered 395433 and Cansu Doğan numbered 395482.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021 7 (40) JUNE Table 1. Inspection of Concept Presentation Boards
The student has determined the concept of “collective memory” as a concept. Memory is meaningful in relation to the living "space", concrete tracks that exist in the space and contain the characteristics of the past, individual, social, historical, cultural, etc. It combines with the values to create the "space memory". This phenomenon, which is also defined as collective memory, bears the traces of social identity and memory, places where historical, social and cultural currents, etc., are the scene of events. Based on this concept in the Ammunition project, the student aimed to create more sustainable environments in which users can re-experience history, socialize in open space workshops and exhibitions, without disturbing historical and cultural values, and to enable many activities.
The student defined the concept of "keeping history alive" as a concept. The project appeals to different user groups. It is intended to design a space where our users can have a pleasant time in order to get rid of their busy work pace, clutter, routine life. With the historical exhibition in our area, it is intended to be more reminiscent and keep the history more alive today. In our project, users will be able to have a pleasant time in the historical exhibition, cocktail area, open air cinema and historical building. In addition to these, it is aimed for children to be able to eat and spend time in the playground.
Later, based on the concept, spatial activity analyzes, and spatial organizations of the area were considered, and synthesis presentation boards were prepared (Table 2).
Table 2. Inspection of synthesis presentation boards
In the context of location organization of space in the synthesis, the main axle and recirculation axes have been analyzed, user densities and focus has been determined. Activities have been tried to be analyzed with diagrams.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021 7 (40) JUNE In the context of location organization in the synthesis, the main axle and recirculation axes have been analyzed, user densities and focus has been determined. Activities have been tried to be analyzed with diagrams.
Then, based on design examples, sketch studies were carried out in accordance with the scenario identified and the area worked. Based on the activities involved in the scenario, spatial relations were constructed, and site analyzes were performed (Table 3).
Table 3. Sketches - Option Generation
In line with the selected sketches, the final design plan is the last of all these design stages. This plan includes locations designed for activities, equivalents curves, denim articles, location names, stairs, the rail and its fittings contain the recirculation elements. This phase also covers the planting process. Detailed drawings are first made in AutoCAD program, then painted in Photoshop program. This process is common to both hard-soft ground and planting presentation boards. (Table 4).
Table 4. Technical Presentation Boards
Then again, the sections are taken in the same way, first the cut taken by lowering the stitches from the cross-section line with the hand sketch; after being criticized and corrected by the instructors of the course, it is drawn technically in the AutoCAD (Figure 3).
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021 7 (40) JUNE Figure 3. Examples of technical sections
Finally, the design is lifted to 3 dimensions and renders are imported (Table 5). Table 5. 3 dimensions of designs
5. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
When the landscapes of historical cities are examined, it is understood that cities with interesting images due to their urban identities stand out with their historical urban landscape structures. The aim of protecting and renewing historical environments is to ensure historical and cultural continuity, to revive the historical environment in a healthier but preserving its identity in line with contemporary living conditions, to evaluate the historical buildings in the form of building stock, to protect the urban landscape and the traditional settlement model. (Alpak et al., 2018; Çelik & Yazgan, 2007; Çelik & Yazgan, 2009). Today, in conservation and renewal works, mostly historical buildings are restored, and their surroundings, gardens, streets and urban reinforcements, which are complementary to the building, are partially included in the conservation works. However, the structure is perceived as a whole with its environment and the regeneration process should be dealt with accordingly.
It is an important point to perceive and comprehend the identity of cities from the past to the future. Historical textures, as spaces that reflect the living conditions of the period, have often been an emphasis and nodal point. At the same time, historical environments give an aesthetic satisfaction effect to their residents and users with their organic integrity and well-analyzed functional distribution (Tarakçı Eren et al., 2018). It is also important to protect historical environments, which are a bridge between the past and the future. Nowadays, landscape architects can take advantage of ideas that can help design exploration, art history, and interactions with the development of this architecture in the work of landscaping buildings. In order to preserve the continuity and integrity in historical environments in contemporary societies, it is important to adapt to the pace of change, to fulfill the requirements of the age and to ensure the continuity of social life as well as preserving the past (Tan & Arabacıoğlu, 2020; Tarakçı Eren et al., 2017). In this study, the design project process of a historical structure environment given to students of landscape architecture as a subject of study was discussed.
As a result, considering the natural and social characteristics of the arsenal building and its surroundings, which stand out among the military structures of the late period Ottoman architecture, it has been proposed to re-function as a hotel, cultural center, restaurant within the scope of student projects. Such projects are thought to be a positive step toward the participation of Trabzon's rich cultural heritage in contemporary life and will contribute to the cultural development of the city.
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URL1.https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/trabzon/gezilecekyer/trabzoncephanelk
