View of The Fish Fauna of Upper Zamantı Stream (Tomarza-Örenşehir)

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The Fish Fauna of Upper Zamantı Stream (Tomarza-Örenşehir)

Mustafa Emre GÜRLEK* _{Cemil KARA} _{Mustafa KORKMAZ}

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam, 46100 Kahramanmaraş

*_{Sorumlu Yazar} _{Geliş Tarihi :}_21.01.2010

e-posta: [email protected] Kabul Tarihi : 20.02.2010

Abstract

This study was carried out with aim to determine fish fauna of area which between Tomarza and Örenşehir of Zamantı stream in three different stations. Fish specimens were catched between September 2006-June 2007. Four family from the research area (Esocidae, Salmonidae, Balitoridae, Cyprinidae) and six species (Esox lucius, Salmo platycephalus, Schistura samantica, Squalius cephalus, Alburnus orontis, Capoeta angorae) have been identified. The other species were showed a wide distribution in the research area. While Esox lucius and Salmo platycephalus were determined Örenşehir station where more aquatic plants. Salmo plathycephalus and Schistura samantica were endemic species existed in the research area.

Keywords: Fish fauna, Diagnostic features, Zamantı Stream

Yukarı Zamantı Çayı (Tomarza-Örenşehir)’nın Balık Faunası*

Özet

Bu çalışma, Zamantı çayının Tomarza ile Örenşehir arasındaki bölgenin balık faunasını belirlemek amacıyla üç farklı istasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balık örnekleri Eylül 2006-Haziran 2007 tarihleri arasında yakalanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinden dört familya (Esocidae, Salmonidae, Balitoridae, Cyprinidae) ve altı tür (Esox lucius, Salmo platycephalus, Schistura samantica, Squalius cephalus, Alburnus orontis,

Capoeta angorae) tespit edilmiştir. Esox lucius ve Salmo platycephalus sucul bitkilerin fazla olduğu Örenşehir istasyonunda tespit edilirken, diğer

türler ise araştırma bölgesinde geniş bir dağılım göstermiştir. Salmo plathycephalus ve Schistura samantica araştırma bölgesinde bulunan endemik türlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Balık faunası, Diagnostik özellikler, Zamantı Çayı

*Bu çalışma B.02.1.TBT.0.06.01.00.209.01.02/349-2148 nolu Tubitak BİDEB projesi ile desteklenmiştir.

change by Güzelmansur et. al. [5] , Salmo platycephalus living in Stream Zamantı were reported as a new endemic species belonged to Mediterranean-Adriatic district by Behnke [6]. Besides, it is exist investigations related to Salmo platycephalus of Alp et. al. [7] , Sušnik et al. [8] and Tarkan et. al [9].

In this study, it has been intended to determine fish fauna distribution of district between Pınarbaşı and Örenşehir of Zamantı Stream which an important branch of upper Seyhan Basin.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Investigation materials were constituted from fish specimens catched in Zamantı stream. It has been chosen as around Uzunyayla-Örenşehir of Zamantı Stream is station I, Pınarbaşı and its around is station II and around Tomarza is station III (Figure 1). Fish specimens catched with electroshoker from chosen stations were carried to biology laboratory, University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam with plastic drums which inside %4 formaldehyde. Diagnostic characteristics were given with mean values and minimum-maxiumum values in brackets.

INTRODUCTION

Seyhan Basin is locate to in the East Mediterranean and south of Turkey. Seyhan Stream is nourished with Göksu and Zamantı which are two large streams. Streams which upper basin of Stream Zamantı have meander structure and they are flow into Stream Göksu near Stream Feke. Uzunyayla-Örenşehir district of Stream Zamantı is covered with vegetative flora as intensive and also, its an important branch is Karagöz. A large trout farm is locate in source of Karagöz.

It is to exist some investigations on Seyhan stream and branches which tied this. These are; some diet components with weight ratios of eatable and uneatable parts of freswater gilt head bream (Tilapia spp.) which lower Seyhan Basin by [1] researches connected with detemined some blood parameters on fitted with carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758) living Seyhan dam lake and stream Seyhan by Cengizler ve Şahan [2].

Besides, it has been investigated that geomorpholgy of upper Seyhan basin of stream Zamantı (Uzunyayla) by Sunkar [3] , effects on climate change of Seyhan stream basin’s water sources by Fujihara et. al. [4], effects on tourism of upper Seyhan basin of possibility climate

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Figure 1. Map of the research area.

Morphometric measurements were carried out with a 0.1 mm digital compass. Standard length (SL), from upper jaw symphysis to middle base of caudal fin; barbel length (BL), predorsal distance (PD), predorsal length from upper jaw symphysis to origin of dorsal fin; dorsal fin depth (DFD), from base to tip of longest ray; nasal length (NL), from nasal aperture; eye diameter(ED), orbital horizontal diameter; head length (HL), from upper jaw symphysis to posterior tip of operculum; head depth (HD), depth of the posterior to the orbit; body depth (BD), at level of origin of the dorsal fin; caudal peduncle depth (CPD), at level of origin of anal fin; caudal peduncle length (CPL), from and of anal fin to middle base of caudal fin; dorsal fin width (DFW), distance from the base to tip of the longest ray of the dorsal fin were measured as morphometric character (Figure 2).

Identification of the specimens were determined by Fisher et al. [10], Geldiay and Balık [11], Balık [12], Nelson [13], Wildekamp et al. [14], Erk’akan et al. [15], Bhenke [6], Turan et al. [16]. Voucher specimens are deposited in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Biology Department.

Figure 2. Morphometric measurements: 1. Standard length (SL), from upper jaw symphysis

to middle base of caudal fin 2. Caudal peduncle length (CPL), from and of anal fin to middle base of caudal fin; 3. Caudal peduncle depth (CPD), at level of origin of anal fin; 4. Dorsal fin depth (DFD), from base to tip of longest ray; 5. Dorsal fin width (DFW), from base to dorsal fin; 6. Body depth (BD), at level of origin of dorsal fin; 7. Predorsal (PD), predorsal length from upper jaw symphysis to origin of dorsal fin; 8. Head length (HL), from upper jaw symphysis to posterior tip of operculum, 9. Eye diameter (ED), orbital horizantal diameter, 10. Nasal length (NL), from nasal aperture; 11. Head depth (HD), just posterior to orbit. 12. Barbel length (BL).

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RESULTS

In the study, a total of 63 specimens were collected from three stations in the Zamantı river basin. All specimens were investigated diagnostic characteristics six species belonging four families were identified.

Figure 3. Salmo plathycephalus (Behnke, 1968)

Figure 4. Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758) Family: Salmonidae

Salmo plathycephalus (Behnke, 1968) Number of specimens: 8

Diagnostic characteristics: SL: 308.25(288.92-334.77) mm, SL/BD: 3.78(4.39-5.63), SL/HL: 8.14(8.73-10.26),

SL/HD: 4.17(4.28-5.98), SL/PD: 2.24(2.28-3.16), HL/HD: 0.01(0.48-0.53), D: 9-10; A: 8-9; P: 12., Figure 3.

Distribution: Uzunyayla-Örenşehir (Station 1).

Familya:Esocidae

Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758) Number of specimens:10

SL/HD: 3.25(3.13-4.13), SL/PD: 1.96(1.36-2.28), HL/HD: 3.26 (2.47-3.21), D: V-VIII 11-14, A: V-VII 10-13, P:I 8-12, lateral line scales: 124-136, Figure 4.

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Familya:Cyprinidae

Capoeta angorae (Hankó, 1925) Number of specimens:14

SL/HD: 4.26(4.13-4.42), SL/PD: 2.15(2.16-2.24), HL/HD: 0.65(0.60-0.69), D: II 8-10, A:II 4-6, pelvic fins: I-II 8-10, P: I 16-18, line lat.: 66(65-74), pharyngeal teeth: 2.3.4-4.3.2, Figure 5.

Distribution: Pınarbaşı, Tomarza (Station 2,3).

Figure 5. Capoeta angorae (Hanko, 1924)

Figure 6. Squalius cephalus (Linneaus, 1758) Squalius cephalus (Linneaus, 1758)

Number of specimens:12

Diagnostic characteristics: SL: 115.68(82.91-171.84) mm, SL/BD: 6.09 (6.96-4.95), SL/HL: 10.33 (7.75-12.08),

SL/HD: 3.91(2.70-4.37), SL/PD: 2.15(2.16-2.24), HL/HD: 0.72(0.70-0.74), D: III 8-9; A:II 4-6; P: 6-8; C: 7-10., L .lat: 44-47, pharingeal teeth:2.5-5.2., Figure 6.

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Figure 7. Alburnus orontis (Sauvage, 1882)

Figure 8. Schistura samantica (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) Alburnus orontis (Sauvage, 1882)

Number of specimens:12

Diagnostic characteristics: SL: 105.22 (77.57-135.63) mm, SL/BD: 4.33 (0.41-5.25), SL/HL: 4.13 (0.43-4.60),

SL/HD: 7.18 (0.94-12.36), SL/PD: 1.90(0.25-3.05), HL/HD: 1.75 (1.13-2.73), D: II 8- 9, A: III 10-13, P: I 13-15, Figure 7.

Distribution: Pınarbaşı, Tomarza (Station 2,3). Familya: Balitoridae

Schistura samantica (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) Number of specimens:7

Diagnostic characteristics: SL: 54.02 (39.95-71.30) mm, SL/BD: 4.5(3.98-4.92), SL/HL: 10.9(8.87-14.8), SL/

HD:4.30(1.81-11.11), SL/PD: 1.84(1.75-1.95), HL/HD: 6.84 (9.41-10.5), Figure 8.

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DISCUSSION

The first time the presence of S. platycephalus has been reported from Soğuksu and Karagöz where upper tributaries of Seyhan river by Behnke [6]. Bhenke, the three individuals which identified examined as morphological and compared with various types of Salmonidae. It has been stated that an important difference separated from other species of the Salmo genus with features as spots status in terms of external appearance, presence of signs on body or fins.

Besides, as basing on gill rakers, the number of pyloric caeca and teething has been described a new species. However, mitocondrial DNA analysis results have been showed that derive from Adriatic and Dunabien phlogeographic lineage line of trout populations which in Turkey [17]. Once again, according to mitocondrial DNA analysis, it is not only close agnate with S. platycephalus and S. trutta but also it is to indicated as a member of the species [8,18]. Also, the morphologic differences of S. platycephalus individuals, as result, it can be needed special adaptation included its special morphology a few environment features which special for lived habitats [8].

Although the natural trout living in Zamantı stream has been accepted as S. trutta, this species naming is still controversial. Flated trout individuals were present in district called as Uzunyayla of Zamantı stream. However, due to negative factors created of trout farm in Karagöz, it wasn’t came across to flated trout individuals in mentioned this region.

The pike is considered one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish, exhibriting a circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere [19,20]. Early reports from Turkey were in regard to the Sakarya and Seyhan rivers, and Sapanca, Akşehir-Eber, Kucukcekmece, Iznik, Apolyont, Çivril and Terme-Bafra lakes [11,21]. Presence of Esox lucius individuals has been stated in Seyhan stream, but, it hasn’t been stated that to live in which locations. Esox lucius individuals were determined in Uzunyayla and Örenşehir where upper tributaries of Zamantı stream and first record for district. It also Salmo platycephalus populations were present in mentioned this location. It thinks that Esox lucius individuals which carnivorous fish are presence negative effects over youngsters of Salmo platycephalus population. It has been stated that Geldiay and Balık [11], diagnostic features Esox lucius D V-IX 13-16, A III-VI 13-15, line lat : 120-138, line. tran.: 13-17/12-15; Özuluğ [22] diagnostic features of Esox lucius individuals in Durusu lake D VI-X 13-16; P I (12)13-16; A V-IX/11-13(15); lateral line scales 118-138; Uğurlu et.al. [23] , diagnostic features of individuals living in Ladik lake D: VI-VIII 15-16, A: VI-VII13-14, L. lat.: 120-134. Mentioned findings are to show similar to our study results.

Capoeta is distributed in India and North of China, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Aral Lake, Middle East and

Anatolia [24]. In Turkish waters, 6 Capoeta species and 6 subspecies were reported: C. capoeta, C. antalyensis, C. trutta, C. barroisi, C. pestai, C. tinca and C. c. capoeta, C. c. bergamae, C. c. kosswigi, C. c. sieboldi, C. c. umbla and C. c. angorae [25, 26,11]. In recent years, C. c. angorae has been described as Capoeta angorae by Turan et al. [27] . Diagnostic features of C. angorae in Zamantı River were similar to data stated by Geldiay and Balık [11].

SL/HL ratio is to show difference from Miliç stream, Taşkelik stream and Kızılırmak while diagnostic features of Squalius cephalus individuals living in Zamantı Stream are similar to Kızılırmak, Taşkelik stream, Miliç stream and Eşen stream [28-31]

Alburnus is distributed in a large part of Syria, Iran, Caucasia, Europe and Anatolia [11,32-35]. Diagnostic characteristis of A. orontis determined in the present study are consistent with the previous studies [36,37,11].

S. samantica was described form the Seyhan river systems as a new species by Erk’akan et al. [15]. In this study, S. samantica were found in Zamantı stream, Uzunyayla-Örenşehir region. These have been described according to morphological data and their molecular characteristics are not known.

It has been determined that six species belonged to four family in Zamantı stream and S. plathycephalus and S. samantica are endemic species presented in study area. These species are show a very limited distribution around Uzunyayla-Örenşehir. On account of provide biodiversity continuity, upper tributarias of Zamantı stream are necessary to protection by concerned foundations.

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