Türk Linyitleri'nin ve Şırnak Asfaltitleri'nin pirit ile mikrodalga pirolizi

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(1),0&(7$17$/<$7h5.ø<(1LVDQ. Türk Linyitler’inin ve XD@3= E83>F;FW;@;@ Pirit ile Mikrodalga Pirolizi Microwave Pyrolysis of Turkish Lignites and 9,)&-+#'.$. 2 Pyrite Y. . Tosun. 9,)&4)$0 ,-$. -$6# )$-'$& & )6# )$-'$i 5'6(6 9,)& ÖZET Güneydou @36A>G4Q>97E;@67D93@;H7*;;DF43=XDK3F3=>3DX@63@43=XD=A@E3@FD7E; RD7F;>;D=7@B;D;F3FX=>3DXH7KR=E7=B;D;F>;3FX=>3D3PX3PX=?3=F36XD G@>3DERBRD?78>AF3EKA@G 3FX=>3DX H7 =A@E3@FD3FQD 3FX=>3DX A>3D3= 3>X@?3=F36XD D93@; 43=XD =A@E3@FD3FQDR K3=>3 X= A>3D3=KX>>X= 4;@FA@>G=B;D;F3FXX*R>8RD;=3E;FRD7F;?;@79Q@67D;D=7@Siirt de milyonlarca FA@>G=B;D;F;P7D7@F7E;E3FX=>3DXA>G ?3=F36XD G3FX=>3D=Q?RD>7D;@?;=DA63>938XDX@;Persinde B;DA>;L;@; ?R?=R@ =X>34;>?7=F76;D KDX53 +RD= >;@K;F>7D; ;>7 XD@3= E83>F;F>7D; 4R@K7E;@67 ?;=DA@4AKGFG@63K3KX>XH7?3=DA4AKGF>GB;D;F?;@7D3>;P7D;;@7E3:;BF;D GP3>X mada %8 pirit içeren XD@3=E83>F;FH7+G@P4;>7=>;@K;F=Q?RDR?;=DA63lga ile oC de pirolize tabi tutulmu FGD &7? GPG5G ?3667 PX=X X 9QL>7@?; ve daha temiz kömür ürün elde edilmi tir. KDX53K3@34;>;D=R=RDF?;=F3DX AD3@X@633L3>?X FXD ABSTRACT !@ F:7 *AGF:73EF7D@ @3FA>;3@ )79;A@ A8 +GD=7K ;@ D93@; >3LX and Siirt. irvan copper ore concentrators, containing the pyrite and the high pyrite content discarded is received as pyrite concentrate from concentrating copper by flotation swept and waste products. Ergani Concentrator produce the pyrite concentrate by produ5F34AGF F:AGE3@6 tons for sulfuric acid production and about 1,700 thousand tons of pyrite waste sent to dispose, Siirt irvan copper pyrite is not also evaluated. These pyrite waste products both should be evaluated by the microwave pyrolysis of Turkish Lignites and XD@3= EB:3>F;F7 which contains aproximately 8% coal pyrite at seperately disseminated micron and macro sized. The shale and clay content was also separated sellectively in this microwave processing in terms of high carbon contents. In this study, samples are subjected to microwave pyrolysis by roasting of pyrite waste and subsequently pelletized coal samples were subjected to ?;5DAI3H7BKDA>KE;E4KBKD;F73F o JFD35F;A@A8?A;EFGD73@6HA>3FX>7?3FF7D;?BDAH7E cleaning of coal types for lignites and XD@3=3EB:3>F;F73F57DF3;@679D77 +:7EG>8GD5A@F7@FE I7D73>EA675D73E763F 8AD XD@3=EB:3>F;F7. 1 GR D93@; >3LX ve Siirt Sirvan piritli 43=XD cevheri flotasyon ile konsantre edilmektedir. Konsantratör de süpürme devresinde 3FX= piritli -74 mikron ve daha ince lam boyutda A>?3=F36XD Genellikle Ergani Konsantratörü pirit konsantre ürün sülfürik asit üretimine 9Q@67D;>?7=F76;DH73KDX53

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(62) H7=.: =9A>?G FGD +;B;=A>3D3= 4;>K3>X 67;D?7@67 7@7D<; FR=7F;?; K3=>3 X= ;>3 =.: =9 3D3EX@636XD G @767@>7 ?;=DA63>93 B;DA>;L H7 K7@;67@ QRF?7 ;P;@ =A?4;@7 7@7D<; FR=7F;?; :3>3 97>7@7=E7> EX53=>X3 =XK3E>3 63:3 6R R= A>353=FXD (;D;F H7 67?;D 57H:7D>7D;@;@ ;=; 3@3 @767@; =3D4A@>G ?3667 H7 G>FD3-;@57 ER>8RD B3DP35X=>3DX B;D;F H7 67?;D>; ;KA@>3DX@ H3D>XX H7 ?3@K7F;= L3KX8>3?3@X@ H3D>XX6XD #Q?RD ?3FD;E;@67 B;DAF;@ 67 B;D;F 67@ 63:3 7F=;>; EX53=>X= 3DFX X@3 @767@ A>34;>?; F;D #Q?RD ?3667E;@67 :7D ;=; ER>8RDR@ H3D>XX@3 43>X A>3D3=63:33L97P;D;?>; A>6GG@63 7Kl F3 X E;>;=3F H7 =;> ?3FD;E; 78838 63HD3@?3=F36XD H7 ?;=DA63>93>3DX 97P;D?767@ K3@EXFXD 7H:7D67=; =3D4A@>G ?3667 EX53=>XX 34EAD47 767D @ Q@7?>; :GEGE AD93@;= =3D4A@ H7 =Q?RD =3D4A@G6GD 'D93@;= =3D4A@G@ 4;>7 7@>7D; 3?AD8 A>6GG@63@ K3@EXF?3 K3B34;>?7=F76;D G 67?;D 57H:7D>7D; ER>8;6>7D;@ ?3FD;=E;@;@ XEX F3 XKX5X A>3D3= 677D>7@6;D?7= H7 B;DA>;L67@ Q@57 =3D4A@>G ?3667K; B;DA>;L 7F?7= H7K3 B3E;8>7 F;D?7= ;P;@ Q@ ; >7?7 F34; FGFG>?3EX K3D3D>X A>353=FXD %;=DA63>93 ; >7?7 KQ@F7?>7D; =3HGD?3 =>AD>3?3 43EX@P>X A=E;63EKA@ =GDGF?3 B;DA>;L H7 3FX=>3DX@ PQL7>F;>?7E; H7 93L>3 FXDX>?3EX6XD %;=DA63>93 8XDX@>3D =GDGF?3 =;D7P>7?7 =3HGD?3 H7 7D;F?7 9;4; 43LX 4;D;? ; >7?>7D;@67 57H:7D>7D;@ 3DXFX>?3EX ;P;@ 3>F7D@3F;8 4;D 7@7D<; =3K@3X A>3D3= =G>>3@X>34;>;D #3D4A@ H7 ?7F3> ER>8;6>7D;@ PA= ;K; ?;=DA63>93 7?;5;>7D A>6GG 4;>;@?7=F76;D H7 :XL>X H7 E7P;5; A>3D3= XEXFX>34;>;D>7D 3LX 3D3 FXD?35X>3D 6A>3K>X A>3D3= ?;=DA63>93>3D>3 XEXFX>3@ XEXKX ;K;>7 F;D74;>;D4G@767@>7?3@K7F;F4;DFGFG5G A>3D3= =G>>3@X>XD G P3>X ?363 =Q?RD @G?G@7E;@;@ =Q?RD B;D;F; H7 43=XD B;D;F ;>7 ?;=DA63>93B;DA>;L;;@57>7@?; F;D #A@E3@FD7 ?;=DA63>93 XEXF?3 ; >7?;@7 =3D X A>6G=P3 6GK3D>X6XD G P3>X ?363 +G@P4;>7= >;@K;F; H7 XD@3= 3E83>F;F;@;@ 7=;> 6F7 9QDR>6RR 9;4; =XE?; B;DA>;L; 97DP7=>7 74;>?; F;D H7 43LX 6GDG?>3D63 63 K3H3 B;DA>;L 97DP7=>7 ?; F;D .

(63) Piroliz ,%. ,0&(7$17$/<$7h5.ø<(1LVDQ. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. +G@P4;>7=$;@K;F; Co HCl Cu HCl. XD@3=E83>F;F;. 110 dk. 15 1,5dk. 220dk. 25dk 2,5. 30dk 3. Piroliz Süresi,h. ekil 6. Mikrodalga Pirolizinde kütle =3K4X@3 piroliz süresinin etkisi (900W). ekil 6 görüldüü gibi, XD@3= piritinin XEXKX soGD3@ 63HD3@X X da izlenmi tir ve piroliz :XLX;P;@ABF;?G?=A ullar olu turulurken, 50 o g numunenin yüzeyi yakla X= oC 'ye eri irken, @G?G@7@;@ ;P =XE?X 600 C 'ye eri mi tir. 1 9 QD@7= =G>>3@X>6XX@63 EX53=>X= K3=>3 X= oC 'ye yükselmi tir. 7@7>>;=>7 >34AD3FG3D Q>P7=>; ?;=DA63>93 i >7?7 @G?G@7 EX53=>XX QD@7= =RF>7E; ;>7 birlikte artar. #>3E;=8XDX@63 XEXF?3@X@3=E;@7 ?;=DA63>93 E;EF7?>7D;@67 XEX 63:;>; A>3D3= RD7F;>;D H7 4QK>757 @G?G@767=; XEX =3K4X XEXF?3 63HD3@X X@X =A@FDA> 767@ Q@7?li bir faktördür. Nispeten dü ük kütleli numuneler ;P;@ KR=E7= KRL7K 3>3@X :35;? AD3@X EX53=>X=3DFX AD3@X@Xdei tirir ve maksimum EX53=>XX EX@XD>3D *A@GP A>3D3= 97P;D97@>;= deerleri nispeten dü üktür ve numune ?;=DA63>93 3>3@X ;>7 7F=;>; 4;D ekilde birle tirilemez. Dier K3@63@ BAF3@X@ 3K@X =7E;F 3>3@X ;P;@ @G?G@7 =RF>7E; 3DFFX=P3 KRL7K 3>3@X@X@ :35;? AD3@X@63 4;D 3L3>?3 A>GDH7;PF7@97>7@XEX=3K4X@X3L3>FXDH763:3 KR=E7=:35;?>;4;D@G?G@7Kl7EX53=>X= 3L3>XD. = A>3D3= @G?G@7 =RF>7E; 3DFFX=P3 7>7=FD;= 3>3@XK>3 7F=;>7 ;?7 9;D?7= ;P;@ 63:3 83L>3 malzeme var6XD. Kar X>3 FXD?3 3?35XK>3 refrakter konsantredeki sülfidlerin ve karbonlu maddelerin oksidasyonu hem mikrodalga sistemi hem de geleneksel bir 6;D7@P8XDX@X;P;@6797DP7=>7 tirilebilmektedir. Olay 9 .>X= 4;D ?;=DA63>93 9R5R@67 RD7F;>7@ XEX @G?G@7@;@ 7D;?7E;@7 @767@ olabilmektedir H7 4G @767@>7 .>X= ?;=DA63>93 9R5R daha B;DA>;L67 83K63>X A>353=FXD .67EX53=>X=F33 XDXKR=E7>?7 olmadan kayda deer bir oksidasyon elde edilmi F;D G@G@>3 4;D>;=F7 43LX @G?G@7>7D ile sinterleme gözlenmi tir. ekil 3'deki EA@GP>3D ;>7 9QEF7D;>6;i gibi piroliz i lemi yakla X= oC 67@7D767KE7F3?3?>3@XDH7 bu nedenle geleneksel piroliz 600 oC 'de o 97DP7=>7 tirilir. Pirolizin C 'nin üzerine olu ?3EX ;P;@ ;>3H7 pirit aXD>X= A>3D3= . =3FX>?3EX oC'nin üstünde EX53=>X=3DFX X@3 neden olabilmi F;D 3@53= B;DA>;L 7=A@A?;= A>?3?X FXD. ekil 4, klasik ve mikrodalga piroliz ;P;@ ; lenme süresinin bir fonksiyonu olarak piroliz süresinin konsantrenin karbon ;P7D;i üzerindeki etkisini göstermektedir. #3D4A@ ;P7D;i, mikrodalga testlerinde =A@H7=E;KA@3 9QD7 63:3 :XL>X 3L3>6XX görülmektedir. Karbon kütlenin ;@67@ 83L>3EX ?;=DA63>93 piroliz ile 10-30 dakika ;P;@67GL3=>3 FXDX>34;>?; tir. K@X ?;=F3D63 =3D4A@ PX=3D?3 ; lemi E33F>7D57 ERD7D #Q?RD B;D;F;@;@ 63HD3@X X. ekil 5'de gösterilmektedir. Hem mikrodalga hem de konvansiyonel i >7?7 ;P;@ GPF3=; EX53=>X=AD3@X?G:F7?7>7@@G?G@767=;63:3 4RKR= 67?;D ?;=F3DX@X K3@EXF3@ =Q?RD piritinden daha yüksektir. 30 dakika sonra kükürdün % 25'i konvansiyonel kavurma ile uzakla FXDX>6X ?;=DA63>93 XEXF?3 ;P;@ B;D;F kükürtünün yakla X=13'ü 3 dakika sonunda PX=3DX>6X %;=DA63>93 ; lenmesinde, ?R=7??7> ?;=DA63>93 7?;5;>7D A>3@ =Q?RD B3DP35X=>3DX@X@ =Q?RD H7 B;D;F ;P7D;indeki ( ekil 6) piroliz, klasik pirolizden daha KR=E7= EX53=>X=F36XD H7 4G 63:3 KR=E7= B;DA>;LAD3@>3DX@3@767@A>GD G P3>X ?363 (;D;F 3FXX@X@ 8;L;=A=;?K3E3> özellikli dü R= 67D757>; 57H:7D 97DP7=>7 F;D;>7@ F7EF EA@GP>3DX@3 K7D H7D7D7=, B;D;F3FX=>3DX@X@6A=GE3>QL7>>;=>7D;3D3EX@63=; 83D= ;@57>7@7D7= 47>;D>7@6; G P3>X mada. XD@3= H7 *;;DF67=; pirit 3FXX@X@ de7D>7@6;D;>?7E; F7?7> @;F7>;=>7D 3PXEX@63@ potansiyel bir deerlendirilebilirlik olarak F3@X?>3@?X FXD (;D;F piroliz i leminden bu metalik pelet olarak elde edilen demir hammaddesi zengin EX53=>X= 3FFDXD3@ XEX ta XKX5X A>3D3= deerlendirilebilir. Özellikle mikrodalga piroliz i lemi PA= 7=A@A?;=F;D . ekil 6 da görüldüR 9;4;+G@P4;>7= >;@K;F; BADAL K3BXEX@63@ QFRDR 63:3 3L XEX ;letimi gözlenmi tir. XD@3= 3E83>F;F;F;@67 XEX ;>7F;?; daha yüksek olmu tur. Böylelikle, piroliz daha ekonomik olarak belirlenmi tir. Refrakter mineraller ?;=DA63>93 XEXF?3 i >7?;@67K3@EXFXD #>3E;=B;DA>;L67 XEX;>7F;?; 8XDX@ ?3>L7?7E; P7HD7E; ;P;@ 7@7D<i kaybedilmektedir. Mikrodalga da gereken spesifik XEX 7@7D<; E3D8;K3F>3DX EXD3EXyla yakla X=

(64) H7=>3E;=8XDX@63;E7=. h =9 olmu tur. Klasik pirolizde spesifik 7@7D<; 677D>7D; 63:3 KR=E7=F;D PR@=R mikrodalga i >7?; EXD3EX@63 E36757 QD@7= H7 numune ta XKX5XEX XEXFX>XD=7@ =>3E;= 8XDX@63 P7HD7@;@ 67 XEXFX>?3EX 97D7=;D *R>8;F>7D;@ A=E;63EKA@ D73=E;KA@>3DX 7=LAF7D?;=F;D H7 e7D XEXF?3 =A@FDA> 76;>?7?; se sinterle me.

(65) <ø7RVXQ. görülebilmi tir %;=DA63>93 XEXF?363 97>7@7=E7> =XL6XD?3K3 9QD7 EX53=>X= =A@FDA> eF?7= 63:3 LAD6GD *A@GP A>3D3= 43LX K7D7> 43LX 53?EX ?3667 A>G ?G FGr ve bir miktar E;@F7D>7 ?7 A>G ?G FGD. Mikrodalga D36K3EKA@>3 43=XD B;D;F H7 67?;D 57H:7D>7D; kömür ve 7K> B;D;F>7D; B;DA>;L67 K3@34;>?7=F76;D +7EF EA@GP>3DX ERD7=>; 4;D =RF>7 =3K4X A>6GG@G H7 FAB>3? =RF>7 =3K4X

(66) A>6GG@G 9QEF7Dmi tir. Kömür B;DA>;L;@67

(67) G@ RL7D;@67 4RKR= =RF>7 =3K4X oC ve 600 oC 3D3EX@63 97DP7=>7 mi tir 7DP7= H7 9QD7>; 97P;D;?>;>;= PA= KR=E7= 8D7=3@EXn 9R5R dü ürül6R=P7 Q@7?>; Q>PR67 7F=;>; A>?G FGD. oC @;@ QF7E;@67 B7D?;F;H;F7 3L3>6X H7 4G B;D;F;@ PAG@G@ 34EAD43@EX@63@ =3K@3=>3@?X FXD 3=XD B;D;F daha :XL>3 mikrodalga XEX@?3KX E3>3?X FXD 30 dk 4AKG@53 ?;=DA63>93 XEXF?363@ EA@D3 9D>X= 4;D @G?G@7K>7 oC 'nin RL7D;@67=; EX53=>X=>3D 7>67 edilebilmi tir. %;=DA63>93 B;DA>;L; ;P;@ 9QL7@7=>;>;e ve EB7E;8;= 7@7D<; FR=7F;?;@7 43>X A>3D3= :7? XEXF?3 :XLX :7? 67 B;DA>;L AD3@>3DX 63:3 KR=E7=F;D XD@3= 3E83>F;F;@;@ B;DA>;L i >7?>7D;@67 3E83>F;F;@ B;D;F ;P7D;; D73=E;KA@3 9;D7@ 3?AD8 =3D4A@ maddenin ba 3DX>X 4;D Q>PR67 =RF>7 =3K4X@63 =A>3K>X=>3 7F=;>; A>?G FGD %;=DA63>93 XEXF?363 ?7K63@3 97F;D;>7@ KR=E7= EX53=>X=>3D @767@;K>7 F3 XKX5X@X@ =7E;F>7D; E;@F7D>7 mi ?;=DA63>93 8XDX@63 F3?3?>3@3@ K3=>3 X= B;D;F A=E;F>7?7 B;DA>;L i leminde 97DP7=>e mi tir. Mikrodalgada XEXnma 63HD3@X X@X@ ;@57>7@?7E; ;P;@ ?;=DA63>93 9R5R3DF3@; >7?7ERD7E;H7nG?G@7=RF>7E; Dei tirilmi tir. 7?;D ?3667E;@;@ mikrodalgalara a XDXF7B=;H7D?7E;@767@;K>7 63:3 KR=E7= 9RP>7D E;@F7D>7?7 H7 =A@E3@FD7@;@ 7D;?7E;@7 @767@ A>GD=7@ .>X= 6R ük bir mikrodalga 9R5R B;DA>;L ;P;@GK9G@4G>G@?G FGD (;DA>;LEA@D3EX*;;DF B;D;F 67erleri ;>7 B;DA>;L67 =RF>7 =3K4X K3=>3 X= ;@ RL7D;@7 PX=?X FXD BG deerler =>3E;= B;DA>;L67=; 67erlere 47@L7D elde edilmi tir. 7? ?;=DA63>93 :7? 67 =A@H3@E;KA@7> i >7?7;P;@GPF3=;EX53=>X=AD3@X?G:F7?7>7@ @G?G@767=; 63:3 4RKR= 67?;D ?;=F3DX@X K3@EXF3@=Q?RDB;D;F;@67@63:3KR=E7=F;D 63=;=3 EA@D3 =R=RD6R@ ; =A@H3@E;KA@7> =3HGD?3;>7GL3=>3 FXDX>6X?;=DA63>93XEXF?3 ;P;@B;D;F=R=RDFR@R@K3=>3 X=;63=;=3 EA@G@63 PX=3DX>6X %;=DA63>93 =Q?RD BDA>;L i >7@?7E;@67 ?R=7??7> ?;=DA63>93 7?;5;>7D A>3@ =Q?RD B3DP35X=>3DX@X@ =Q?RD H7 B;D;F ;P7D;i 7F=;>; A>?G FGD ( ekil 6). Mikrodalga B;DA>;L67 EX53=>X= =A@FDA>R LAD6GD He =>3E;= B;DA>;L67@ 63:3 KR=E7= . EX53=>X=F36XD H7 4G 63:3 KR=E7= B;DA>;L AD3@>3DX@3@767@A>GD +R?D3=3?>3DKR=E7= PQLR@RD>R=>R A>?3>X6XD 6B; D38;=>7D (örne;@ 3 aX63 7=;>

(68) P;L9; P;L;?>7D; 8AFAD38>3D H7 6;7D ;>>REFD3EKA@>3D ;P7D7@ ekil>7DD7@=A>3D3=F7D5;:76;>;D )3=3?>3DX@ 3D6 3D63 D3B D3=3?>3DXK>3

(69) H4 &G?3D3>3@6XDX>?3EX H7 ;>9;>; ?7F@7 olabildi;@57 K3=X@ K7D>7 F;D;>?7E; 97D7=;D %7F;@67 D3=3?X@ 9QD7>; =A@G?G 67il D3=3?X@3 43=X@ ekil 7 Mikrodalga #3HGD?3 EXD3EX@63 B7D?;F;H;F7 =3K4X 9QL7@7=>;>;= 7F=;E; 7=;> %;=DA63>93 #3HGD?3 B7D?;F;H;F7 =3K4X 9QL7@7=>;>;= 7F=;E; +R? D3=3?>3D H7 F34>A>3D 3D6X X= D3BP3 D3=3?>3D>3

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