• Sonuç bulunamadı

Conodonts versus triassic climatic and eustatic changes

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Conodonts versus triassic climatic and eustatic changes"

Copied!
4
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 ( 2015 ) 321 – 324

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

1878-5220 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibilty of the Organizing Commitee of WMESS 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.08.080

ScienceDirect

:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\(DUWK6FLHQFHV6\PSRVLXP:0(66

&RQRGRQWVYHUVXV7ULDVVLF&OLPDWLFDQG(XVWDWLF&KDQJHV

$OL0XUDW.,/,d

D

3DEOR3/$6(1&,$

E

.HLVXNH,6+,'$

F

-HDQ*8(;

G



)UDQFLV+,56&+

H



aDepartment of Geology, Balikesir University, 10145, Balikesir, TURKEY

bDepartment of Geology and ICBIBE, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50. 46100, Burjassot, SPAIN cLaboratory of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8502, JAPAN

dDepartment of Geology, University of Lausanne, BFSH-2, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND eLaboratory of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Naruto University, Naruto, 772-8502, JAPAN

$EVWUDFW

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±5KDHWLDQGHFOLQHXQWLOH[WLQFWLRQ 7KHPDMRUFDXVHVRIVWUHVVDIIHFWLQJWKHHYROXWLRQRI7ULDVVLFFRQRGRQWVDUHHQYLURQPHQWDOVXFKDVPDULQHUHJUHVVLRQVDQR[LF HSLVRGHVDQGWKHUPDORUWURSKLF QXWULWLRQDO VWUHVV7KHVHVWUHVVIXOHSLVRGHVFDXVHGGZDUILQJDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIODUJHUIRUPV U VHOHFWLRQ  6PDOOHU IRUPV ZLWK D VKRUW OLIH VSDQ DQG UDSLG SUROLIHUDWLRQ DUH WKH UHVXOW RI KHWHURFKURQ\ VXFK DV SURWHURPRUSKLF UHWURJUDGDWLRQ $WDYLVP  7KHGLVDSSHDUDQFHRIWKHFRQRGRQWVZDVQRWFDXVHGE\DVLQJOHPDVVH[WLQFWLRQHYHQWEXWWKHUHVXOWRIVXPPLQJXSVWUHVVIDFWRUV IURPKRVWLOHHQYLURQPHQWVRYHUDORQJWLPH  ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0(66 Keywords:7ULDVVLFFRQRGRQWVSK\ORJHQ\SURJHQHVLVSURWHURPRUSKRVLV   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:DOLPXUDW#EDOLNHVLUHGXWU

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

(2)

322 Ali Murat Kiliç et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 ( 2015 ) 321 – 324 ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH7ULDVVLFFRQRGRQWIDXQDVKDYHEHHQDQDO\VHGLQUHODWLRQWRWKHLPSDFWRIVXFFHHGLQJHFRORJLFDOFULVHVRIWKH PDULQHHFRV\VWHPV&KDUDFWHULVWLFIRUWKH7ULDVVLFSHULRGDUH L 6WDUWIURP3DQJHD LL $IWHUPDWKRIWKH37PDVV H[WLQFWLRQ LLL SUREDEOHDEVHQFHRIDQHTXDWRULDOKXPLGEHOWGXULQJPRVWRIWKH7ULDVVLFWLPHVSDQ 7UXHPS\  LY ORZUHODWLYHVHDOHYHOVDOWKRXJKDEVROXWHO\LFHIUHH Y 3HULRGDPRQJWKHKRWWHVWRI(DUWKKLVWRU\ 6KDYLYDQG 9HL]HU 

7ULDVVLF FRQRGRQW GDWDEDVHV 3ODVHQFLD  3ODVHQFLD HW DO   UHYHDO DSSUR[LPDWHO\  JHQHUD DQG  VSHFLHV 7KHVH XQGHUZHQW SHULRGLF HQYLURQPHQWDO VWUHVV IURP WKH LPPHGLDWH DIWHUPDWK RI WKH HQG 3HUPLDQ PDVV H[WLQFWLRQWRVXEVHTXHQWVHDOHYHOULVHVF\FOLFFKDQJHVVXGGHQUHJUHVVLRQVDQGWKHJUDGXDOVHDOHYHOGURSWKDWODVWHG 0$XQWLOWKHHQGRIWKH7ULDVVLF3HULRG

'HYHORSHPHQW

7KUHHZDYHVFKDUDFWHULVHWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI7ULDVVLFFRQRGRQWOLQHDJHV

:DYH , )URP D GR]HQ 3HUPLDQ,QGXDQ VXUYLYRUV RI WKH )DPLOLHV 6SDWKRJQDWKRGRQWLGDH (OOLVRQLLGDH DQG *RQGROHOOLGDHRQO\WKHODWWHU¶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

:DYH ,, )URP WKH VLQJOH VXUYLYRU OLQHDJH RI 1HRJRQGROHOOLQDH VHYHUDO JHQHUD GHYHORSHG GXULQJ WKH 'LQDULDQ $QLVLDQ/DGLQLDQ 5HSHDWHGSXQFWXDWHGDWDYLVWLFLWHUDWLRQVLQ%LWK\QLDQ3HOVRQLDQ,OO\ULDQDQG)DVVDQLDQWLPHV JHQHUDWHGQHZJHQHUDWKHLUOLQHDJHVDOOUDQJLQJVKRUWO\LQWRWKH(DUO\-XOLDQXQWLOWKHVHFRQGERWWOHQHFNWKDW0$ LQWR WKH 7ULDVVLF $JDLQ RQH OLQHDJH 7\SH 3  RI 1HRJRQGROHOOLQDH VXUYLYHG DV ZHOO DV WKH VLQJOH OLQHDJH RI *ODGLJRQGROHOOLGDH

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³UHVWRUDWLRQ´ RI 1 W\SHV RI HDUOLHU /DWH 3HUPLDQ WUDGLWLRQ 7KH /DWH 6SDWKLDQ UHVWRUDWLRQ RI SHODJLF FRQGLWLRQV EURXJKWWKHDVFHQWRIWKHIDPLO\*ODGLJRQGROHOOLGDH 7\SH* 7KH'LHQHULDQ6SDWKLDQW\SH$OLQHDJHFRQWLQXHG IURP WKH HDUOLHVW $HJHDQ LQWR WKH PRUH RSHQ PDULQH W\SH 3 OLQHDJH %LWK\QLDQ 3HOVRQLDQ ,OO\ULDQ DQG )DVVDQLDQ UHWURJUDGDWLRQV RI 7\SH $ UHSHDWHGO\ UDGLDWHG LQWR W\SH 1 ³UHVWRUDWLRQV´ DQG XQIROGHG WKH W\SH 6 VXEIDPLO\ 6HSKDUGLHOOLQDH5HGXFWLRQRIQLFKHVGXULQJWKH/DWH/DGLQLDQ(DUO\&DUQLDQJOREDOUHJUHVVLRQDQGVDOLQLW\FULVLV FDXVHGWKHH[WLQFWLRQRIDOO1DQG6W\SHV1HRJRQGROHOOLQDHVXUYLYLQJRQO\DVD3W\SH7KH(DUO\-XOLDQW\SH$ LWHUDWLRQJHQHUDWHGWKHSRRUO\RUQDPHQWHGW\SH0ZKLOHWKH-XOLDQ3OXYLDO(YHQWPD\FRLQFLGHZLWKWKHDVFHQWRI

DQKHDYLO\RUQDPHQWHGW\SH0. 6XFFHVVLYHO\7XYDOLDQDQG/DFLDQRVFLOODWLRQVRIWKHVHDOHYHOFRLQFLGHGZLWKWKH

DVFHQWRILQFUHDVLQJO\RUQDPHQWHGW\SHV00DQG07KHJHQHUDOUHYHUVDORIWKHPDLQHYROXWLRQDU\WUHQGLQWRWKH

(3)

323 Ali Murat Kiliç et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 ( 2015 ) 321 – 324

UHWURJUDGDWLRQRIW\SH(WKDWUHSUHVHQWVDSUHPDWXUHILUVWDSSHDUDQFHRIWKHWUHQGLVVXHGIURPW\SH0$PHWHRULWH

LPSDFW DW WKH GDZQ RI WKH 6HYDWLDQ PD\ KDYH SUHFLSLWDWHG WKH ILQDO H[WLQFWLRQ RI FRQRGRQWV E\ DFFHOHUDWLQJ WKH VLPSOLILFDWLRQRIWKHFKDUDFWHUVDQGWKHDSSHDUDQFHRIDQXOWLPDWH5KDHWLDQW\SH$7KLVK\SRWKHVLVLVVXEVWDQWLDWHG E\VHYHUDOFUDWHUVDSSUR[LPDWHO\DWWKH$ODXQLDQ6HYDWLDQERXQGDU\VXFKDV5RFKHFKRXDUW )UDQFH 0DQLFRXDJDQ DQG6DLQW0DUWLQ &DQDGD 2ERORQ 8NUDLQH 5HG:LQJ 86$ DQG%ULVWRO (QJODQG 7KHFRPHWRUDVWHURLGZDV V\QFKURQRXVO\ IUDJPHQWHG GXULQJ LPSDFW %DUDVK   7KH DFWLYLW\ RI WKH &HQWUDO $WODQWLF 0DJPDWLF 3URYLQFH &$03 UHDFKHGLWVDSH[DW0$ 6FKDOWHJJHUHWDO 





)LJ  'LVWULEXWLRQ RI 7ULDVVLF FRQRGRQW OLQHDJHV DQG QXPEHU RI WD[D WKURXJK WLPH .H\ $ DIWHU *XH[   6FKHPH %  7D[D QXPEHUV FRPSLOHGIURP0DUWLQH]3HUH]HWDO  

/HJHQG 1 1HRJRQGROHOOLQDH $ Neospathodus $Chiosella $ Nicoraella $ Pseudofurnishius $ Mosherella $ Misikella 1

Clarkina 1Scythogondolella1Borinella1Pridaella1Neogondolella1Norigondolella1Parvigondolella3Paragondolella

0Metapolygnathus 0Mazzaella0Hayashiella 0Carnepigondolella 0Ancyrogondolella6: 6HSKDUGLHOOLQDH((SLJRQGROHOOLQDH

(Acuminatella; (Mockin.



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į& DQRPDO\ SUHFHGHG D /DWH 6PLWKLDQ PDULQH H[WLQFWLRQ HYHQW +HUPDQQ HW DO   7KH PDMRU

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

7KH DFFXPXODWLRQ RI JHRORJLF DQG ELRORJLFDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV PD\ KDYH VWUHVVHG WKH H[WLQFWLRQ RI FRQRGRQWV )DXQDOFRPSHWLWLRQ ILGH)'3RUSHUVFRPP DQGWKHGLIILFXOWLHVVLQFH-XOLDQWLPHVIRUFRQRGRQWWD[DWR DGDSWWRERWKVWUHVVIXOHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVDQGFRPSHWLWLRQIURPQHZ0HVR]RLFELRWD 0DUWLQH]HWDO 

,WHUDWLRQ RI 3DOHR]RLF PRUSKRORJLHV DUH LQWHUSUHWHG DV WKH UHVXOW RI UHWURJUDGDWLRQ DQG DWDYLVWLF KRPHRPRUSK IRUPVDSSHDULQJGXULQJVXEOHWKDOVWUHVVHYHQWVRIWHQVHSDUDWHGE\VHYHUDOPLOOLRQVRI\HDUV *XH[  7KLVLVWKH

(4)

324 Ali Murat Kiliç et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 ( 2015 ) 321 – 324

FDVH RI WKH SURWHURPRUSKLF UHWURJUDGDWLRQ LQ W\SH 1 VKRUWO\ DIWHU WKH 37U ERXQGDU\ WKH VXGGHQ DSSHDUDQFH RI D VLPSOHDQGHFRQRPLFDUFKLWHFWXUHDVDSRWHQWLDOVRXUFHIRUUHQHZHGSK\ORJHQHWLFGHYHORSPHQW *XH[HWDO  &RQFOXVLRQ

7KHGLVDSSHDUDQFHRIFRQRGRQWVZDVQRWFDXVHGE\DVLQJOHPDVVH[WLQFWLRQHYHQWEXWWKHUHVXOWRIVXPPLQJXS VWUHVVIDFWRUVIURPKRVWLOHHQYLURQPHQWVRYHUDORQJWLPH(QYLURQPHQWDOVWUHVVVXFKDVPDULQHUHJUHVVLRQVDQR[LF HSLVRGHV DQG WKHUPDO RU WURSKLF +DOODP  0DQFLQL  9DOHQWLQH HW DO  +LUVFK   PD\ LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK &RSH¶V UXOH FDXVH GHFUHDVLQJ VL]HV DQG PRUSKRORJLFDO FRPSOH[LW\ VRPHWLPHV H[SODLQHG E\ HOLPLQDWLRQ RI WKH PRUH FRPSOH[ IRUPV GXULQJ H[WLQFWLRQ HYHQWV 6DXQGHUV HW DO   7KH ODUJHU IRUPV EHLQJ PRUH YXOQHUDEOH WR H[WLQFWLRQ UVHOHFWLRQ  PRUH DQG PRUH GHFUHDVLQJ VPDOO IRUPV ZLWK VKRUW OLIH VSDQ DQG UDSLG SUROLIHUDWLRQWKURXJKSURWHURPRUSKLFUHWURJUDGDWLRQVRIW\SH$DSSHDUGXULQJVWUHVVIXOHSLVRGHV

5HIHUHQFHV

 %DUDVK06'HYHORSPHQWRI0DULQH%LRWDLQWKH3DOHR]RLFLQ5HVSRQVHWR$ELRWLF)DFWRUV,6612FHDQRORJ\  9RO  1R  SS ± ‹ 3OHLDGHV 3XEOLVKLQJ ,QF  2ULJLQDO 5XVVLDQ 7H[W ‹ 06 %DUDVK  SXEOLVKHG LQ 2NHDQRORJL\D  ±

 *XH[-(QYLURQPHQWDOVWUHVVDQGDWDYLVPLQDPPRQRLGHYROXWLRQ(FORJDH*HRORJLFDH+HOYHWLFDH±

 *XH[-&DULGURLW0.XZDKDUD.2¶'RJKHUW\/5HWURJUDGHHYROXWLRQRIAlbaillellaGXULQJWKH3HUPLDQ7ULDVVLFFULVLV. 5HYXHGH0LFURSDOpRQWRORJLH

 +DOODP $  +RZ UDUH LV SK\OHWLF JUDGXDOLVP DQG ZKDW LV LWV HYROXWLRQDU\ VLJQLILFDQFH" (YLGHQFH IURP -XUDVVLF ELYDOYHV 3DODHRELRORJ\

 +HUPDQQ5+RFKXOL3$%XFKHU+%UXKZLOHU7+DWPDQQ0:DUH'5RRKL*7HUUHVWULDOHFRV\VWHPVRQ1RUWK *RQGZDQDIROORZLQJWKHHQG3HUPLDQH[WLQFWLRQ*RQGZDQD5HVHDUFK  

 +LUVFK )  7ULDVVLF FRQRGRQWV DV HFRORJLFDO DQG HXVWDWLF VHQVRUV 3DQJHD *OREDO (QYLURQPHQWV DQG 5HVRXUFHV &DQDGLDQ 6RFLHW\ RI 3HWUROHXP *HRORJLVWV 0HPRLU  

 .RUWH&.R]XU+:&DUERQLVRWRSHVWUDWLJUDSK\DFURVVWKH3HUPLDQ±7ULDVVLFERXQGDU\$UHYLHZ-RXUQDORI$VLDQ(DUWK 6FLHQFHV±

 /LHEHUPDQ ' (  7KH HYROXWLRQ RI WKH KXPDQ KHDG 7KH %HONQDS 3UHVV RI +DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV ,6%1  ,6%1[LLSS

 /XFDV61HZ7ULDVVLF7LPH6FDOH,Q7DQQHU/+6SLHOPDQQ-$/XFDV6* (GV 7KH7ULDVVLF6\VWHP1HZ0H[LFR 0XVHXPRI1DWXUDO+LVWRU\DQG6FLHQFH%XOOHWLQ

 0DQFLQL($2ULJLQRIPLFURPRUSKIDXQDVLQWKHJHRORJLFUHFRUG-RXUQDORI3DOHRQWRORJ\

 0DUWLQH]3HUH] & 3ODVHQFLD 3 &DVFDOHV0LQDQD % 0D]]D 0%RWHOOD +  1HZ LQVLJKWV LQWR WKH GLYHUVLW\ G\QDPLFV RI 7ULDVVLFFRQRGRQWV+LVWRULFDO%LRORJ\  

 3ODVHQFLD 3  %LRHVWUDWLJUDItD \ SDOHRELRORJtD GH FRQRGRQWRV GHO 7ULiVLFR 0HGLR GHO 6HFWRU 2ULHQWDO GH OD 3HQtQVXOD ,EpULFD 3K'7KHVLV8QLYHUVLWDWGH9DOHQFLDSSKWWSZZZWG[FDWKDQGOH

 3ODVHQFLD 3 0iUTXH]$OLDJD $ 6KD -  $ GDWDEDVH RI 7ULDVVLF FRQRGRQWV IURP D FRPSUHKHQVLYH UHYLVLRQ RI OLWHUDWXUH 6SDQLVK-RXUQDORI3DODHRQWRORJ\  

 5XWKHUIRUG6//LQGTXLVW6+VSDVDFDSDFLWDWRUIRUPRUSKRORJLFDOHYROXWLRQ1DWXUH

 6DXQGHUV:%:RUN'01LNRODHYD69(YROXWLRQRIFRPSOH[LW\LQ3DOHR]RLF$PPRQRLG6XWXUHV6FLHQFH 

 6FKDOWHJJHU 8 *XH[ - %DUWROLQL $ 6FKRHQH % 2YWFKDURYD 0  3UHFLVH 8±3E DJH FRQVWUDLQWV IRU HQG7ULDVVLF PDVV H[WLQFWLRQLWVFRUUHODWLRQWRYROFDQLVPDQG+HWWDQJLDQSRVWH[WLQFWLRQUHFRYHU\(DUWKDQG3ODQHWDU\6FLHQFH/HWWHUV±  6KDYLY1-9HL]HU$&HOHVWLDOGULYHURI3KDQHUR]RLFFOLPDWH"*6$7RGD\-XO\±

 7UXHPS\5'DV3KlQRPHQ7ULDV*HRORJLVFKH5XQGVFKDX  

 9DOHQWLQH-:&ROOLQV$*0H\HU&30RUSKRORJLFDOFRPSOH[LW\LQFUHDVHLQPHWD]RDQV3DODHRELRORJ\  :DUH '-HQNV-)+DXWPDQQ 0%XFKHU+'LHQHULDQ (DUO\7ULDVVLF DPPRQRLGVIURPWKH&DQGHODULD+LOOV 1HYDGD

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

“Şifre Değiştir” ve yeni bir elektronik ön beyan yapmak için “Elektronik Ön Beyan İşlemleri” kısmına tıklamanız gerekmektedir... Sol üst köşede yer alan “ Yeni

13 Aralık 2014 tarihli ve 29204 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan Zararlı Maddeler ve Karışımlara İlişkin Güvenlik Bilgi Formları Hakkında Yönetmelik

DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU UHVSRQVHV WR FRPSHWLWLYH SULRULWLHV WKDW ZHUH XVHG LQ IDFWRU DQDO\VLV LYH GLIIHUHQW FRPSDQ\ FOXVWHUV DUH IRUPHG ZLWK DQG FRPSDQLHV LQ HDFKFOXVWHU.. 2QH RI

QHZ PRGDOLWLHV VHHPV WR EH UHOLDEOH DQG DSSOLFDEOH LQ. FOLQLFDO SUDFWLFH DSSURSULDWH SDWLHQW

The last ones are composed of basin-slope units with a thin continental crust representing the pas- sive margins of oceanic basins; platform units with thick

Eski Arecibo gökbilimcisi olan Emma- nual Momjian’sa, bu molekülleri göre- bilmemiz için Arp 220’de bunlardan çok miktarda olmas› gerekti¤ini öne sürüyor ve flöyle

IRU ACADEMY CPC (PROFESYONEL YETKİNLİK SERTİFİKASYONU) DİPLOMA PROGRAMI 1 Uluslararası geçerliliği bulunan sertifikasyonlara sahip profesyonelleri istihdam etme;

National and International Passenger Transport Ulusal ve Uluslararası Yolcu Taşımacılığı National Road Haulage and Passenger Transport Ulusal Kara ve Yolcu