SOME REMARKS ON ARCHIVE-LIBRARY
SYSTEMS OF HATTUSA-Y
î
O Ğ A Z K Ö Y *
C e m K A R A S U T he docum ents w hich one can qualify as the m ost im portant cultural rem ains belonging to the H ittites who lived in A natolia betw een the 18th and 13th centuries B.C., and who established a great civillization are no doubt cuneiform clay tablets.
W hen G erm an Hugo W inckler w ith T heodor M akridi from Istanbul M useum s started excavations at B oğazköy, Ç orum in 1906, they did not know that this place could have been H attusa, the capital city o f the Hittite State, and w hat sort of new inform ation they could provide for the people o f the future.
T he exam ination o f the tablets unearthed at this site, and the C zech scholar Friedrich H rozny m aking the first and the m ost im portant step at deciphering the H ittite language during the First W orld W ar, drew the great attention o f the world of science dealing with cuneiform writing. T he first point o f interest in the studies intensified on about 10 400 (ten thousand four-hundred) tablets and fragm ents w hich w ere unearthed during these excavations was the diversity o f subjects covered.
W hen the w ord archive is m entioned, though the first thing that com es to m ind is the place w here docum ents related w ith state adm inistration are kept, B oğazköy A rchives includes royal annals, treaties, political correspondence, legal, texts, inventory texts, along with the instructions texts related w ith the adm inistration, m ythological texts, religious texts: rituals, cults, festivals and prayer texts, and also om ens, oracles and incantations.
B esides, obtaining tablets having the quality o f dictinaries w ritten in cuneiform w riting in H ittite-Sum erian-A kkadian and also H urrian
* The Turkish version o f this article will be published in the symposium book of “Çorum in Anatolia Archaeology” held at Çorum in July 21-23, 1995.
40 C EM KARASU
languages show s that this archive has the characteristic o f being a lib rary1
according to the present understanding. A nother surprising point is that the docum ents obtained in this library have brought to light the existence o f m any other languages w hich had not been know n up until then in addition to the H ittite language. Som e of the docum ents that we possess again revealed the existance o f languages like Luw ian and P alaic w hich, like H ittite language w ere the m em bers o f Indo-E uropean fam ily o f languages, w hich w ere used w ithin the sam e tim e period and in the sam e geographical area.
A gain a great num ber o f texts written in H u m an w ere acquired, a language w hich has no linguistic relation with the H ittite language but w hich affected the H ittites greatly, especially in the aspects o f religion and art.
A long w ith all o f the above, there are m any tablets on a w ide variety o f subjects in A kkadian w hich was the diplom atic language o f the period. W hile another im portant language is the H attian o r scientifically nam ed the P rotohattian language w hich belongs to the people who had lived in A natolia before the H ittites and who gave the nam e to these territories. There are parts w ritten in H attian with ihe texts w ritten in H ittite on such tablets. M oreover, bilingual texts have also been recovered in A kkadian-H ittite and also H urrian-H ittite.
So far about 25 000 (tw enty five thousand) tablets w ritten in cuneiform w riting have been unearthed in the archeaological excavations carried out at B oğazköy. H ow ever, we should im m ediately state the fact that a great m ajority o f the tablets unearthed w ere in the form o f fragm ents. Studies m ade on these fragm ents enabled to jo in these fragm ents into w hole tablets, w hich m ake a change in the num ber o f tablets. As we have stated beforehand, the fact that the vast nu m b er o f the docum ents which were on a great variety o f subjects, and w hich were w ritten in various languages lead us to think that the officials related w ith the tablets were m ost probably m ade up o f scribes2. From the study o f the docum ents, we understand that they had developed various m ethods for the keeping and protection o f them . As to the M esopotom ian sam ples which show difference from these3, the m ost frequently used m ethod
1. For more information see E. Laroche, La Bibliothèque de Hattusa, Archiv
O rientâlni Praha (1949) 7-13; H. Otten, Bibliotheken im Alten Orient, Das Altertum 1/2 Berlin (1955) 67-81; idem, Archive und Bibliotheken in Hattusa, Cuneiform Archives and Libraries, Papers read at The XXXe Rencontre Assryriologique Internationale Leiden, July 4-8, 1983 Istanbul (1986) 184-190.
2. For further information for the Hittite scribes see C. Karasu, Some Considerations on Hittite Scribes, Archivum Anatolicum I Ankara (1995) 117-121.
3. For Mesopotamian examples see E. Leichty, The Colophon, Studies Presented
to A. Leo Oppenheim, June 7, 1964, Chicago, Illinois (1964) 147-154; H.
S O M E R EM A RK S O N ARC H IVE-LIBRA RY SY ST E M S 41
am ong these was the colophons. A ccording to the researchers the A ncient G reek w ord colophon m eans “the ending o r term inating o f som ething”4, and as this word usually encountered at the end o f the w riting, this is the word given to this part o f the tablets or a special term used for this purpose. In a great n um ber o f tablets in cuneiform w riting unearthed at Boğazköy, though colophons were not present or w ere m issing, again in a large num ber o f them the presence o f this part in the tablets w ere observed by us during o u r research.
In colophons generally the follow ing have been stated: the num ber o f the tablet according to its subject; w hether it is com pleted or not, as to the subject itself is stated by tem poral or conditional clauses. Also on the colophon o f a tablet related with rituals or festivals gives inform ation about the cerem ony o r sacrifice or festival days, and w hich on days o f the above have been com pleted or not. A fter this com es the nam e o f the scribe who wrote the tablet, som etim es the fam ily tree, and then com es the p a n w hich is w ritten together w ith the supervisor.
Som e exam ples for the colophons o f the tablets found in the archive-lib rary o f H a ttu sa -Boğazköy:
** C T H 40 A ctes de Suppilulium a: rédaction de M urSili II.
H.G. G üterbock, D (EED S OF) 5 (U PPILU LIU M A AS T O L D BY HIS SO N , M U R SILI), J C S 10 (1956) 41-68, 75-130.
* K U B XIX 10 Rev. IV (D S p. 6 6 translit. and Eng. translation)
x+1 D[UB I ] II5 KAM LJ-UL QA-T1 2' S[i4] m§u-u-up-pi-lu-li-u-m a
3' G A L1 .LU G A L U R .SA G L ( ] -na-an-na-aS
4 ’ SU <m> A .A6
1-3 T he third tablet o f the deeds of Suppilulium a, the great king, the hero. N ot com plete.
Testament Band 2 Neukirchen-Vluyn (1968) and also Kolophon, Reallexikon der Assyriologie, VI Berlin (1981) 186/b-187/b; R. Borger, D ie Welt des Orients 5 Gottingen (1970) 165-171.
4. For the meaning o f the term see Karl Emst Georges, Lateimsch-Deulsches
Hand Wörterbuch, Hannover ve Leipzig (1913) 1282/b; Dr. W. Gemoll, Griechisch-Deutsches Schul- und Hand Wörterbuch, Berlin ve Leipzig (1937)
445/b “Gipfel, Spitze, Ende, Abschluss”.
5. Completion as to H.G. Güterbock, DS, JCS 10 s.6639.
6. For the scribe name also see KUB XXVIII 7 Ay. IV 5'; cf. for the writing. E Laroche, Les N om s des hittites Paris (1966) Nr. 1. “Aa”.
42 CEM KARASU
4 H and o f A.A., (the scribe, w rote it).
* K B o V 6 R ev. IV (D S p.97 trans. and Eng. translation).
16 DUB V IIKAM N [U ! ,]TIL 17 A-N A T U P -P I [Z] A BAR 18 na-a-u-i [a]-ni-ia-an 16 Seventh tablet not com plete. 17-18 Not yet m ade into a bronze tablet.
** C T H 52 Traité de M attiuaza (K urtiuaza) du M itanni avec Suppilulium a I cr.
*K B o I 3 (+) K U B III 17 R ev. (Akkadian version). V. K orosec, H ethitische Staatsverträge, Ein B eitrag zu ihrer juristischen W ertung CLeipziger rechtsw issen-schaftliche Studien 60) Leipzig (1931) 21.
46 DUB IKAM qa-ti sa mK i-li- DU -bâ sa ri-ik-si-su ù sa m a-m i-ti-su
46 T he first tablet o f the treaty and the oath o f Kili-Te$ub (probably, the other nam e o f MattiuazaVT). C om plete. * * C T H 89 D écret royal r e la tif aux gens de Tiliura.
* K U B XXI 29 R ev. IV E. von Schuler, DIE K A SK Ä ER , Ein Beitrag, zur Ethnographie des A lten K leinasien, B erlin (1965) 148 (G erm an translation).
17' DUB IKAM Q A-TI £ 4 L'RUTi-li-û-ra 18’ is-hi-û-la-as mH a-at-tu-‘Si-li-is 19' L U G A L G A L i-ia -at
17-19 T he first tablet o f the treaty Tiliura of the great king H attusili (III.) m ade. Com plete.
** C T H 255 Instructions de T udhaliia IV a ux m ajordom es
(Lû.m e s s a g).
*K U B X X V I 1+X X III 112+X X I 13+45+X III 22 R ev. IV E. von Schuler, D ienstanw eisungen für höhere Hof- und S taatsbeam te, A fO B eiheft 10, G raz (1957) 17 (translit. and G erm an translation).
S O M E R EM A RK S O N A RC H IV E-LIBRA RY SY STE M S 43
54 D U B lpu SA M A -M E -T I 55 I-NA URUt/ - « i- ia 56 ÉA lü -m essaG
54-56 T he first tablet o f the oaths o f high offıcals (LÛ MEâSA G ) o f Us 5a.
* * C T H 258 Instruction d ’u T udhalliia (IV.) * K U B XIII 7 Rev. IV
x+1 DUB I I ^ M mTu-ut-ha-li-ia l I j G A L . G"1 AL 2' SA M A -M E -T I Q A-TI
3' ki-i T U P -P U ar-ha har-ra-an e-es< -ta> 7
4' na-at!* A -N A P A -N Im M a-ah-hu-zi 5' Ù A-N A mH al-ua-LÜ
6' li-uk mD u-da-as
T E G IR -pa ne-ua-ah-hu-un
1-2 T he second tablet (on) the oaths o f the great king Tudhaliia (IV.). C om plete.
3-7 T his tablet was destroyed. I (the scribe) D uda m ade it anew in the presence o f M ahhuzi and H aluaziti.
* * C T H 264 Instructions aux p rêtres et serviteurs de temples.
* K U B XIII 4 Rev. IV E.H. Sturtevant-G . B echtel, A Hittite C hrestom aty, P hiladelphia (1935) 166-167 (translit. and Eng. translation); A. Süel, Hitit K aynaklarında T apınak G örevlileri ile İlgili Bir D irektif M etni, A nkara (1985) 88-89 (translit. ve Turkish translation).
78 DUB IKAM SA L Û ME§ É. D IN G IR L/M hu-u-m a-an-da-as 79 SA EN^ES T U7 D IN G IR VIES' ^ '- ^ A P I N - L Â D I N G I R - ^ 80 Ù ÈA lû.mesS IP A g U4 D IN G IR “ " lü m essip a.U D U
D I N G I R ^
81 is-hi-u-la-as Q A-TI
78 T he first tablet o f instructions (line 81) o f the tem ple officials,
7. For addition cf. L.M. Mascheroni, Hethitica V Louvian (1983) 96 “e-eS[-ta]" 8. In the copy o f the text it looks more “ap” sign.
44 C EM KARASU
79 o f the kitchen w orkers o f the deities, o f the farm ers o f the deities
80 and o f the cattle herds o f the deity, (and) o f the shepherd o f the deity.
81 C om plete
** C T H 321 C om bat contre le D ragon, ou « ¡ l l u i a n k a » .
*K Bo I I I 7 R ev. IV E. L aroche, Textes m ythologiques hittites en transcription, l re partie: M ythologie anatolienne, RHA X X III 77 Paris (1965) 72 (translit.); H.A. H offner, Jr. Hittite M yths, SB L W ritings fr o m the A n cien t W orld Series, A tlanta, G eorgia (1990) 14 (Eng. translation); F.P. Daddi & A.M . Polvani, La m itología ittita Paideia (1990) 55 (Ital. translation).
29' DUB IKAM Q A-TI
30' SA mK e-el-la LÚG U D U[2 ud-da-na-as 31' mP í-ha-L Ú [ LÚD U B.SA R]
32' P A -NI mU R .M A H <-L Ú > G A L DU[B. SA R MF
33’ IS-TU[R]
29-30 T he first tablet o f w ord o f Kella, unctioned priest. C om plete. 31-33 Pihaziti, [the scribe], w rote it in the presence o f U ala< ziti> ,9 the head o f the scribes.
* * C T H 329 Le dieu de l’orage de K uliuisna (m ugaw ar et rituel). *K B o X IV 8 6+KUB X X X IV 17+KBo IX 109 R ev. IV E. L aroche, Textes m yhologiques hittites en transcrip, l re partie: M ythologie anatolienne, RH A X XIII 77 Paris (1965) 133 (trans.).
13" DUB IIKAM ¿ 4 d im LTRVK u-li-ú-is-na [mu-ki-is-na-as}10
9. For UR.MAH =Ualua see F. Steinherr, Das Wort für Löwe im
Hieroglyphen-Hethitischen, WO IV/2 Göttingen (1968 ) 320-325; H. Otten, N och einmal hethitisch ‘Löw e’, WO V/1 Göttingen (1969) 94-95 and hence A.M. Dingol-B. Dingol, Hethitische Hieroglyphensiegel im Museum für Anatolische Zivilisationen, Die Ankara-Gesellschaft zur Förderung von
Tourismus, Atiquitäten und Museen 10 Ankara [1981] 3 and C. Anlagan-Ö.
Bilgi, Weapons o f the Protohistoric Age, (Saberk Hanim Museum) App. I. A.M. Dinfol, The Hieroglyphic Signs on the Spearhead, Istanbul (1989) 104, and also Ö. Bilgi, A Unique Spearhead from Sadberk Harum Museum, App. A.M. Din9ol, Fs T. Özgüg, Ankara (1989) 31; H.A. Hoffner, Jr. op. cit. 14.
S O M E REM ARK S O N ARC HIVE-LIBRA RY SY STEM S 45
14" mSi-ip-pa-L Û -is ne-ua-ah-ha~a$
15" mLÜ D U B .SA R D U M U mN U .G IS .§A [R / S ?-T U R ?] 13 The second tablet o f the [invocation] to the Storm G od o f
KuhuiSna.
14 Éippaziti, (the scribe), renew ed it. [
15 (Previously) Ziti, the scribe, son o f N U G ISSA [R , w rote7
it7].
* * C T H 344 L a royauté divine ou Théogonie.
*K U B X X X III 120+119+X X X V I 3 1 + X L V III 97 R ev. IV E. Laroche, Textes m ythologiques hittites en transcription, deuxièm e panic: M ythologie d ’origine étrangère, RHA XXVI 82 Paris (1968) 47 (translit.); H.A. H offner, Jr. Hittite M yths, SB L W riting fr o m the A ncien t W orld Series, A tlanta, G eorgia (1990) 43 (Eng. translation); Cf. F.P. D addi-A .M . Polvani, La m itologia ittita, Paideia (1990) 124 (Ital. translation).
2 8 ’ DUB ikam ¿ 4 SIR p K u-m ar-bi11 N ]U ?.TIL712
29' SU mA s-ha-p[an D U M U mH a-an-t]?? i-ta-as-sun 30' D U M U .D U M U -S i/
SÂ
p ] DLAM M A.SUM 31' Ù D U M U .D U M U < .D U M U> 14 -SU ™Ua-ar-si-ia 32 ' G Ä B .ZU .ZU SÂ mLÜ ki-i T U P -PU33' ar-ha har-ra-an e-es-ta 34' na-at am -m u-uk mA s-ha-pa-as 35' P A -N l mLÛ IS-TU R
28 T he first tablet o f the hym n o f [God K um arhi. N] ot com plete (?). 29 Hand o f Ashap[a], (the scribe), [ the son o f H ant]m itassu, 30 the grandson o f DL A M M A f iw ,
31 and the <great> grandson o f Uarsiia, 32 the apprentice/student o f Z iti15. T his tablet
11. Completion as to H.A. Hoffner, op. cit. 43.
12. Cf. H. Otten-C. Rüster, Textanschlüsse von Boğazköy-Tafeln (21-30), TA 63 I. Halbband (1973) 88 and hence, L.M. Mascheroni, Schribi Hurriti a Boğazköy: Una Verifica Prosopografica SMEA XXIV Roma (1984) 154.
13. For the correct writing o f the name o f the scribe see the Supplement o f E. Laroche, Les Noms des hittites, Hethitica IV Louvain (1981) Nr. 161a.
14. For addtion see H. Otten-C. Rüster, op. cit. 88. 15. Cf. H.A. Hoffner, op. cit. 43 "Zita".
C EM K A RASU
33 w as destroyed. 34 I, A shapa,
35 w rote it (line 34) in the presence o f Z iti,15
**C TH 425 R ituels contre une épidém ie dans V arm eé. *KUB VII 54 R ev. IV
9 ’ DUB Ikam Q A-TI
10' m a-a-an-kan §A K A R A S 11' K A LA .G A ak-kis-kat-ta-ri 9 T he first tablet com plete:
10 If in the arm y
11 there is a strong/violent death. * * C T H 433 R ituel p o u r °L A M M A ^ k u r Z a s .
*KUB X X X V I 83 Rev.
11' DUB II^ M S ÎS K U R ÎD JJ-UL Q A-TI 12' SU mZ u-uz-zu D U M U m<D>A M A R .U D 13' P A -N I A -nu-ua-an-za LÛSAG ¡S-TUR
11 T he second tablet o f sacrifice/ritual o f the river. N ot com plete. 12 Hand o f Z uzzu, (the scribe), son o f Santa,
13 w rote it, in the presence o f A nuuanza, the ch ief (scribe). * * C T H 503 Inventaire de la 'm aison des scea u x’.
*V B oT 87 R ev. IV
4' DUB IFtAM Ü-U L Q A -T I $A mAr-nu-ua-an-d[a] 5’ ha-ti-ui-is Û -N U -U T É N’\ KISIB^ 4
4-5 T he second tablet o f item inventory o f the sealed? house o f A rnuuand[a]. N ot com plete.
* * C T H 591 F ête du mois.
S O M E REM A RK S O N ARC H IV E-LIBRA RY SY STEM S 4 7
x+1 DUB I
5A
EZEN. ITU4 2' SA UD IPAM U -U L Q A-TI 3’ SU mZ u-zu!- uzuj16 P A -N I 4 ’ mA -nu-ua-an-za lC,SA G iS-TU R1-2 The fourth tablet about the second day o f the m onth festival. N ot com plete.
3-4 Hand o f Z uzzu, (the scribe), w rote it, in the presence o f A nuuanza, the ch ief (scribe).
*K U B n 13 Rev. VI
32 DUB VHkam ¿ 4 UD n pcAM q a - T I
33 m a-a-an-za LU G A L-«5 EZEN . ITU .K A M4 34 i-ia-zi
35 SU "^U -L U 36 DUM U mPid-da-a
37 P A -N I mA -nu-ua-an-za IS-TU R
32 The eighth tablet o f the third day. Com plete. 33-34 W hen the K ing celebrates the m onth festival. 35-36 Hand o f Tarhuziti, (the scribe), son of Pidda,
37 wrote it, in the presence o f Anuuanza, (the ch ief scribe).
**C T H 625 F ragm ents de / ’ A N .T A H .S U Msar?
*KBo XIX 128 Rev. VI
32’ DUB Ikam Q A-TI SA E ™ GAL
33' ha-am -m e-e-eS-ha-an-ta-as nu-uS-ia-an 34' UD IIKam Zi-in-na-an A -N A G IS .H U R -kdn 35’ ha-an-da-an TU P -P U m v H at-ti
36’ SU mD IN G IR .G E 6-LU ^ ’D U B .SA R 37' P A -N I mA -nu-ua-an-za lCSAG IS-TU R
32-33 T he first tablet o f spring (festival) o f the palace. Com plete. On (this tablet)
48 CEM KARASU
34-35 the second day (o f the festival) is finished. It is arranged according to the w ooden tablet. T he tablet o f H attusa. 36 H and o f A rm a-ziti, the scribe,
37 w rote it, in the presence o f A nuuanza, the ch ief (scribe). * * C T H 626 F ête de la ‘hâ te’ (nuntarriiasha(s)).17
*KUB X X V 12 Rev. IV
9' DUB VKam m a-a-an L U G A L -ui
1 0' [l]a-ah-ha-az zé-e-ni
1 1 1 [U]RU A -ri-in-na-az
12' A-N A E Z E N4 nu-un-tar-ri-as-ha-as 13' [U]r u H a-at-tu-si û-iz-iz
14' [n]u I-N A É DU m a-ah-ha-an 15' [G]U4.M A H l.nA ku-ra-an-zi
1 6' D I N G I R hu-m a-an-da 17' ü-e-eh-zi 18' [na}m -m a^ha-Le-en-tu-u-ua-ai 19' [sal-]li a-se-eS-iar 20' [na]m-ma E G IR -p a I-NA É DU 21 ’ [pa-i] z-zi Û -U L Q A -T I 22' [A-N]A G IS .H U R -kâ n h a -a n -d a -a n
9 T he fifth tablet: If the king,
1 0 in autum n, (after) from the [c]am paign,
11-13 com es to HattuSa from Arinna for the nuntarriiasha festival.
14-15 W hen the bulls are slaughtered in the tem ple o f storm g o d,18
16-17 he (the king) goes round all the tem p les19
17. For further information on nuntarriiastyafs) festival see C. Karasu, Belleten LII 203 Ankara (1988) 407 ff.
18. Cf. S. Alp, Beiträge zur Erforschung des Hethitischen Temples, Ankara (1983) 63 “Kultraum des Wettergottes”.
S O M E REM ARK S O N ARC H IV E-LÏBRA RY SY STEM S 49
18 [La]ter at halentuua20
19 [The gre]at assem bly/celebration (is held).
20-21 [Aft] erw ards again he (the king) [go]es to the tem ple of storm god. N ot com plete.
22 It is arranged according to the w ooden tablet.
* * C T H 627 Fête du KI.LAM .
*K B o X 26 R ev. V I I. Singer, The H ittite K I.LA M Festival, Part One S tB o T 27 (1983) 34 and Part Tw o StB oT 28 (1984) 46 (translit.)
1 DUB X FA M N U .TIL
2 [5]/4 EZEN K I.LA M SA G .U SWM
3 A-NA GIS.HUR-&W 4 ha-an-da-a-an
1-2 The eleventh tablet o f regular K I.LA M festival. N ot com plete.
3-4 It is arranged according to the w ooden tablet. ** C T H 628 Fête (h) isuua(s)1'
*K B o XV 3 7 +FHG 9+ A B oT 7 Rev. VI22 3 [DUB XI] II23
4 [5A E Z E N 4 h]i-su-ua-a-as Q A-TI
5 [M U N U S.LU G A L fPu-du-hé-pa-as-k.ân ku-ua-pi] 6 bU R .M A H .L Ü - in G A L D U B .S A R ] ^
20. For further information for halentuua- word see S. Alp, op. cit. 1 ff.
21. For further information for (h) Huua festival see M. Salvini-I. Wegner, Die hethitisch-hurritischen rituale des (ty)i$uwa-Festes, SMEA XXIV Roma (1984) 175 ff.; A. M. Dinçol, Ein hurro-hethitisches Festritual: (h) i§uwa£-I- Belleten Lffl 206 Ankara (1989) 3 ff; I. Wegner-M. Salvini, Die hethitisch-hurritischen Ritualtafeln des (h) isuwa-Festes. I. Abteilung die texte aus Boğazköy, ChS Band 4 Roma (1991) 1 ff.; C. Karasu, (h)iSuua Bayramı kolofonları üzerine bazı düşünceler, Fs Sedat Alp Ankara (1992) 335-339.
22. Completions as to KBo XV 52 VI 39'-45'.
50 C EM KARASU
7 [ ^ H a - a t- tu - s i A -N A TUP-PA™ A] 8 [u^^K i-iz-zu-ua-at-na sa-an-hu-ua-an-zi] 9 [û-e-ri-ia-at na-aS-ta ke-e TUP-PA'-,I A ]
10 [XA E Z E N 4 hi-su-ua-a-as a-pi-ia U D -a]i 11 [ar-ha a-ni-ia-at] 12 [SU ™ Tal-mi]*-lM-ub 13 [DUM U] mU R .M A H .L Ü G A L D U B . S A R ^ 14 [D U M U .D U M ]U -S i/ SA mM i-it-ta-an-na-m u-u-ua 15 G A B .ZU .ZU S A " M A H .D IN G IR ^ s . na 16 P A -N I mU R .M A H .L Û G A L DUB .S A R ^ 5 17 IS-TU R
3-4 [The thirt]eenth [tablet o f h] iiu u a [festival. C om plete] 5 [W hen queen Puduhepa]
6-8 [assigned (line 9) U aluaziti25, the head o f the scribe]s, [to investigate the kizzuuatna tablets at HattuSa],
9-11 [Later on, on the same day he m ade these tablets o f hisuua festival].
12 [Hand o f Talm i\-Tesub,
13 [son of] U aluaziti25, the head o f the scibes, 14 [grandsojn o f M ittannam uua,
15 student/apprentice o f M A H .D I N G I R ^ -na,
16-17 w rote it, in the presence o f ualuaziti, the head o f the scribes. ** C T H 111 R ituel du « lavage de la b o uch e> > .M
*K B o XXI 43 Rev. IV 27 V. Haas, Die Serien itkahi und itkalzi des A ZU -Priesters, R ituale für Tasm iSarri und Tatuhepa sowie w eitere T exte m it B ezug au f Tasm isarri, I. A bteilung die texte aus Boğazköy, Chs Band
1, R om a (1984) 79 (cf. translit. and G erm an translation).
24. Completion as to KBo XXXV 260 L.edge 1 SU ™Tal-m[i-DU-ub and also see L. M. Mascheroni, Scribi hurriti a Boğazköy: Una verifica prosopografica, SMEA XXIV Roma (1984) 163 Nr. 16.
25. For UR.MAH= ualua see f.note 9.
26. For further information see V. Haas, Die hethitisch-hurrischen reinnigungsrituale und die serien itkahi und itkalzi, SMEA XVI Roma (1975) 221 ff.and now see idem Chs Band 1 (1984) 1 ff.
S O M E R EM A RK S O N A RC H IV E-LIBRARY SY STEM S 51
x+1 DUB IVK [(a m S)] i [(SK U R it< -kal> -zi-ia-aS)] 2 ’ A -N A ° U T U " -at-kdn K A xU -a [ ( z ) ]
3' I-NA™ V Z i-it-ha-ra I-N [(,4 B U R U ^ p a -ra -a )} 4 ’ a-ni-ia-u-en U -U L QA-T[I]
5’ DUB X X IIKAM ku -it URU Sa[(-pi-nu-ua-az u-te-e)r] 6' na-aS-ta ke-e TU P-PAln A [(-TIM a-pi-iz-za) ar-h (a)] 7' h a -a n - te 28 u-ra-u [(-en)]
1 T he fourth tablet o f [itkalzi rit] u [al]: 2 F[rom ] the m outh o f m y M ajesty, 3 at Z ithara, a[t harves time] 4 we m ade it. N ot c o m p le te ].
5 [They brought] the tw entysecond tablet [from] $a[pinuua (O rtakoy)],29
6-7 later on, w[e] transcribed77 the copies o f these tablets [from those].
W hile the other im portat docum ents related with B oğazköy A rchive o r m ore correctly w ith the Royal Library are the tablets w hich we can interpret as T ablet C atalogues o r in other w ords S h elf Control R ecords/Lists.
S o m e exa m p les f o r T ablet C ata logues o r S h e l f C o ntro l R eco rd s o f th e A rch ive L ib ra ry o f H attusa-B o ğazköy:
* * C T H 276 Type DUB x kam
*K U B XXX 42 R ev. IV H. O tten, B ibliotheken im A lten O rient, D as A ltertum Band 1 H eft 2 B erlin (1955) 74 (Lines 3-5 G erm an translation); C TH p. 163-164 (translit. and French translation); (CHD vol. 3 lines 8-9 p. 133 b and lines 21-24 p. 199 a cf. translit. and Eng. translation).
28. In collation made by us in tablet archives of the Museum o f Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, KBo XXI 43 (160/d) Rev. IV 7' and the parallel KBo XXI 44+KBO X X V n 91 (452/c+1461/c) Rev. IV 14 it has been observed that these words have been written without any space, continuously. Cf. V. Haas,
SMEA, XVI Roma. (1975) 223s, also see idem Cks Band 1 Roma (1984) 79, 84
and 469.
29. For Ortakoy= Sapinuua see A. Siiel, Ortakoy’tin Hitit £agindaki Adi, Belleten LIX 225, Ankara (1995) 272-283.
C EM KARASU
3 DUB II?KAM m a-a-an L U G A L M U N U S.L U G A L D U M U ^ LUGAL-uz tâg-na-as
4 DU TU -/ tar-pa-al-li-ia-as pi-an-zi Q A-TI
5 ha-an-te-ez-zi-m a-as-H TJJP-PA Û-U L ü-e-m i-en
6 DUB IKAM i n i m iAn-na-na M U N U S < L!RU> Z i-ga-az-hur 7 m a-a-an DM i-ia-ta-an-zi-pa-an m u-ga-a-m i Q A-TI
8 I IM .G İD .D A m a-a-an lüajA R l-NA E dI-na-ar 9 is-pa-an-ti smDAhar-sa-us p âr-si-ia ta ki-iS-Sa-an
10 m a-a-al-ti ha-at-ti-li QA-TI
11 DUB IKAM 5A munus.mes zi-in-du-hi-ia-as 12 A -N A P A -N I L U G A L l-N A SÂ E DU T U -as 13 G IM -an m e-m i-es-kân-zi Q.A-TI
14 I I M .G İ D .D A S IR I11 A L Û ^ uru l$-ta-nu-u.a QA-T1
15 DUB IKAM is-hi-u-la m Is-pu-da-ah-su-us-za 16 LU G A L K U R lJRU K i-iz-zu-ua-at-na
17 mT e-li-pi-nu-us-sa LU G A L KUR H a-at-ti 18 GYbA-an is-hi-û-ul i-e-er QA-TI
19 I IM .G İD .D A A -U A -A T m Am -m i-ha-at-na 20 mTûl-pi-ia U mM a-a-a-ti LüylESpu-ra-ap-si-is 21 SA KUR ırRlJK i-iz-zu-ua-at-na m a< -a> -an-kân 22 l-NA E .D iN G IR L/w su-up-pa p i-d i ku-in im -m a 23 ku-in m ar-sa-as-tar-ri-in û< -e> -m i-ia-an-zi
24 nu ki-i S iS K U R -S i/ Q A-TI
3-4 T he second tablet: If the king, queen and princes give spare little statues to the Sun G od o f the Earth. C om plete.
5 But w e failed to find the first tablet related w ith this.
S O M E REM ARK S O N A RCH IV E-LIBRA RY SY STE M S 53
6 T he first tablet: T he w ord(s) o f A nnana, the w om an from Zigazhur.
7 W hen I beseeched the god M iiatanzipa. C om plete.
8 One long clay (tablet):30 W hen the singer (o f hym ns), at the tem ple o f the goddess Inar,
9 crum bles the harsi bread into pieces, at night, and,
10 m akes a recitation in H aitian language as follow s (line 9). C om plete.
11 T he first tablet o f Zintuhi priestesses/young w om en, 12 at the tem ple o f the Sun G od, in the presence o f the king, 13 w hen they are speaking. Com plete.
14 One long clay (tablet):31 The hym ns o f Istanuua people. C om plete.
15-16 T he first tablet: A treaty (betw een); Ispudahsu, the king o f K izzuuatna
17 and Telipinu, the king o f Haiti.
18 W hen they m ade the treaty. Com plete.
19-21 One long clay (tablet):32 T he w ords o f A m m ihatna, Tulpiia and M ati, the p u ra p si priests o f K izzuuatna. If
30. In the study we have made in the tablet archives o f the Museum o f Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara on the colophons begining with these words it has been determined that there is a writing consisting o f only one column on both sides o f this type o f tablets. Also see H. Hunger, Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone, Alter Orient und Altes Testament, Neukirchen-Vluyn (1968) 7b “einkolumnige Tafel” and 25 “Langtafel”. Also cf. H. Otten, Bibliotheken im Alten Orient, D as Altertum Band 1 Heft 2 Berlin (1955) 75 “Ein Einzelkapital”; E. Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites, Paris (1971) 164 “texte (autonome)". However, during this study o f ours tablets whose colophons begin with D UBx1^ ^ and on both sides o f which there is one column o f writing have been witnessed.
31. See f. note 30. 32. See f. note 30.
54 C EM K ARASU
22-23 they find desecration, o f w hatsoever sort, in the tem ple, in a ________ consecrated place,____________________________________ 24 this (is) the ritual for it. Com plete.
* K U B V III 69 O bv. I l l H. Otten, B ibliotheken im A lten O rient, B ibliotheken im A lten O rient, D as A ltertum Band 1 H eft 2 B erlin (1955) 74 (G erm an translation); C TH p. 186 (translit. and F rench translation); A.M . D inçol, H ititler, A nadolu U ygarlıkları A nsiklopedisi 1 (G örsel Y ayınlar) İstanbul (1982) 97 (Turkish translation).
10 DUB IIIKAM SA E Z E N 4 ha-m e-es-ha-an-da-as H ur-m a 11 I-NA URUH ur-m a m a-ah-ha-an LÛE N EZEN 4 MES'
12 e-es-Sa-i IG l-zi TUP-PA
13 [EG IR-z]iT U P -P A V * ua-aq-[q)a-a-ri
10 The third tablet o f the spring festival o f H urm a:
11-12 W hen the m aster (the king) is celebrating the festivals in Hurm a. T he first
13 (and) [the seconjd33 tablets are lac[k]ing.
W hile the follow ing expressions take place in several o ther sam ples. *K U B XXX 43 Rev. I l l H. Otten, B ibliotheken im A lten O rient, D as A ltertum Band 1 H eft 2 Berlin (1955) 74 (G erm an translation); C TH p.176-177 (translit. and French translation); A.M. D inçol, H ititler, A nadolu U ygarlıkları A nsiklopedisi 1 (G örsel Y ayınlar) Istanbul (1982) 97 (Turkish translation).
2' DUB [ x ?KAM S]A A .A B .B A sa-ra-a-m a-at
3’ U-UL a-ta-ri
4 ’ DUB IIkam lOza-li-pu-ur-ra-tal-la-as sa-ra-a-m a-at 5' U-UL ar-ta-ri
2-3 The [X th] tablet [o]f the sea does not stand vertical. 4-5 The second tablet (of) Za/ilipuri priest does not stand
vertical.
From the above records it is understood that during the H ittite period the tablets w ere not kept horizontally but according to their shapes, and
S O M E R EM A R K S O N A RC HIV E-LIBRA RY SY STEM S 55
vertically. T hese tablets in question m ust have been differen t from the others. W hile these in all probability could not be accom m odated in the present shelves and to find them w hen they were searched for, there snould have been a sign show ing that they w ere in horizontal position. H ere I would like to m ention the fact that, shape structure o f the tablet ('C TH 480) related to Sam uha ritual (the second tablet) num bered K U B XX IX 7 (1136/c A, B, C, + 1145/C+1605/c A, B +1906/c) housed in A nkara M useum o f A natolian C ivilizations show a difference from am ong the H attusa-B oğazköy tablets so far unearthed. E ven though its dim ension is not very large (28.2x16.5 cm ) it m ay be thought that it com plies w ith the conditions stated above. Perhaps the H ittite scribes (?) are in seacrh for a new way in the m aking o f clay tablets. Its left and right edges are in the form o f cut through conic shape, while its upper and low er edges separate into two distinct surfaces o f angular form and sharp com ers. W hen looked from the obverse side on the upper edge, the first three lines take place belonging to this face. W hile on the o th er side34 the colophon part takes place, w hich is m ade up o f only one line. If this tablet is placed on a flat ground so that its obverse face rem ains below , its colophon can be easily read from outside as if it were the back w riting o f a book35. B esides, the colophons o f som e tablets, w here there is no room on both faces o f the tablet, take place on the left edge. In our opinion, these type o f tablets w ith colophons w hen placed vertically on the shelves m ay function as o f label-tablets as we have m entioned a w hile ago o r as we shall discuss further on.
A lthough we possess m ost o f the texts m entioned in the tablet catalogues, again thanks to these tablets we are aw are o f the presence o f certain texts which have so far not been discovered. A fter the destruction o f the H ittite capital, the catalogue texts show how the tablets have been scattered to different places.
A nother aspect o f B oğazköy A rchives, w hich we qualify as the Royal Library is that it is m ade up o f “label-tablets” in oval shape 6-7 cm in w idth and 4-5 cm in height. T hese contain very concise inform ation about the related tablets. G enerally the original tablet o r tablets are given as the repetition o f the begining lines or as the title o f the subject. In all probability, these labels as m any researchers agree, stayed on the sh elf in front o f the tablet or the tablet group they referred to. H ence, it is obviously understood that they provided great facility for the officials in finding the tablet asked for in a short time.
34. KUB XXIX 7 Rev. 65 It has been stated as “unterer Rand”. However, this part must be the upper edge according to the obverse, while the lower edge made in the same manner is blank.
56 C EM KARASU
S om e sam ples fr o m the L abel-T ablets o f A rch ive-library o f
H attuSa-B ogazköy:
**C TH 61 (M ursili II) Annales.
*K U B X X X 75 H.G. G üterbock, M D O G 72 (1933) 38 (translit. and G erm an translation); H. Otten, B ibliotheken im A lten Orient, D as A ltertum Band 1 H eft 2 B erlin (1955) 76 (G erm an translation).
1 TUP-PAVlA
2 SA mM ur-ii-li 3 lÄJ-na-an-na-a$
1-3 T he tablets o f the deeds o f M urSili (II).
**C TH 283 (Étiquettes).
*K U B X X X 69. E. Laroche, C TH 283 (cf. French translation); F.P. D addi, M estieri, Professioni e D ignità n e ll’A natolia Ittita, R om a (1982) 274 (translit.) 1 m a-a-an L^zi-pu-ri-as 2 i-da-a-lu-un L U -an 3 ku-i$-ki a-ni-ia-zi 4 ku-is LU G A L-/ 5 URL’/ / a-at-tu-si-ia 6 i-da-a-lu 7 sa-an-ha-zi 1 If the m an of zipuriia36 2-3 acts for any m alicious m an 4 and (line 5) w hichever king 5-7 sweeps the evil(s) in H attusa
*K U B X X X 71 E. L aroche, C TH Paris (1971) Nr. 283 (cf. French translation).
36. For further information about zippuriia-see. H.A. Hoffner, Jr. Alimenta
Hethaeorum Food Production in Hittite Asia Minor, American O riental Society, New Haven, Connecticut (1974) F.P. Daddi, op. cit. 213-214.
SO M E R EM A RK S O N ARC HIV E-LIBRA RY SY STE M S 5 7
1 tu-uz-zi-aS
2 ut-tar
3 mSa-an -ta
1-3 Santa affair o f the army.
*K U B X X X 74 H.G. G üterbock, M D O G 72 p.38 (translit. and G erm an translation).
1 TU P -P A lJlA 2 ku-sa'- -ta-as
1-2 T he tablets of kusata (the gifts to m eet the expenses for the engagem ent).
*K U B X X X 77 H.G. G üterbock, M D O G 72 p. 38 (translit. and G erm an translation); E. L aroche, C TH 283 (French translation).
1 TUP-PA\.llA g i-im -m [d ’- r a 1-a]s<?>
1 The tablets (of the ritual/festival)<??> o[f]the countr[ysid]e(?yfie[ld]s(?>.
*K B o X IV 71 E. L aroche, C TH 283 (French translation); J. Friedrich-A . K am m enhuber, H ethitisches W örterbuch, H eidelberg (1975-1984) 296 (G erm an translation).
1 T U P -P A V * 2 a-ri-ia-se-e[s-sar] 3 SA mN IR .G Â [L]
1-3 The tablets o f the oracles o f M uuatal [//].
*K B o X X X V I 11237 (Akaddian label-tablet) K B o XX X V I Inhaltsübersicht Nr. 112 p. VII (translit. and G erm an translation).
1 TU P -P A ™?A
2 A -K I-IL 5 K A R -SÎ
1-2 T he tablets of the slanderers.
* * C T H 292 (Les Lois) D euxièm e série: « s i une v i g n e » .
58 C EM KARASU
*A B oT 52 (H. O tten, B ibliotheken im A lten O rient, D a s A ltertum
B and 1 H eft 2 B erlin (1955) 76 (G erm an translation).
1 DUB IIIKAM
2 tâk-ku LÜ-aS
1-2 T he third tablet: If a (free) man. * * C T H 607 (F ête A N .T A H .S U M SAR) 6‘ jour.
*KBo XEQ 90 M . Popko, Z ippalanda Ein K ultzentrum im
hethitischen K leinasien, TH eth 21 H eidelberg (1994) 186-187 (translit. and G erm an translation).
1 TU P -P A “ .a 2 l7RlJZ i-ip-pal-an-da 3 SÀ E ZEN 4 A N .TA H .SU M Sar 4 m a-a-an L U G A L -u i
5 L'RUG ID R U -za LTRllZ i-pa-la-an-da 6 A -N A E Z E N 4 A N .T A H .S U M sar 7 pa -iz-zi Q A-TI
1-3 T he tablets o f the festival o f A N .T A H .SU M SAR o f Zippalanda.
4 If the king
5 goes (line 7) to Z ippalanda from H attusa 6 to the festival o f A N .T A H .S U M SAR. 7 Com plete.
* * C T H 619 ( F été d ’ A N .T A H .S U M SAR) 3 8 e jo u r: fê te de la pluie.
*KUB XXX 73
1 DUB lpu SA EZEN . ZU-UN-N14
2 m v A n-ku-ua
1 T he first tablet o f the rain festival o f
2 Ankuua.
S O M E R EM A R K S O N A RC H IV E-LIBRA RY SY STE M S 59
*K U B X X X 76 H .G . G üterbock, M D O G 72 (1933) 38 (translit. and G erm an translation).
1 TUP-PAW-* E Z E N « a4 2 SA °G A S A N ^ N i - i - n u - u a
1 T he tablets o f the festivals 2 o f ¡STAR, the goddess o f Niniue.
All o f these are docum ents w hich show that B o ğ a zk ö y -H attusa A rchive-library was kept in a certain system. T he presence o f this archive m aterial in very diverse buildings and places is probably fo r the reason that the original structures for this archive m aterial failed to m eet the need by tim e. H ow ever, as we have stated above, the fact that the tablets were scattered around is likely due to the destructions at various periods o f B oğazköy and o f the tablets.
