The Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis and Severus' expeditiones Asiana and Mesopotamena

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Jahrgang 38 · 2008 · Heft 4

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JULIAN BENNETT

THE LEGIO XXX ULPIA VICTRIX PIA FIDELIS

AND SEVERUS’ EXPEDITIONES ASIANA

AND MESOPOTAMENA

For Anthony Birley, in belated honour of his 70th_birthday:

»Labore omnia florent«

Exceedingly little is known for certain concerning which legions or vexillations thereof participated in Seve-rus’ expeditiones Asiana and Mesopotamena1_{. The recent publication of a funerary monument for a}

legionary who died at Ancyra in 195 AD thus makes a valuable addition to the meagre stock of evidence cur -rently available2_{. However, what makes this document even more interesting is that the deceased belonged}

to the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix, a legion then based at Vetera in Germania Inferior: hitherto it was not thought that any of the German legions participated in Severus’ initial eastern wars. Moreover, the text provides us with the earliest securely dated example of the legion bearing the cognomina Pia Fidelis, con-firm ing the long-held belief that these titles were awarded by the same emperor. Such matters of interest aside, the inscription and its contents may also be of relevance with regard to our current understanding of the careers of C. Iunius Faustinus, legatus Aug(g)ustorum XXX Ulpia Victrix, and of C. Julius Septimius Castinus, dux vexillationum (legionum) IIII Germaniarum.

THE INSCRIPTION

The inscription (fig. 1) is carved on a block of the local limestone shaped in the form of an altar, the front and sides showing the use of the punch in the preparation of the block, the back being left undressed. It has a flat top and a cantilevered upper and lower section, the upper with stylised acroteria at the corners and a disc-shape in the centre. The stone3_{is 110 cm high, the top and bottom 41cm wide by 36 cm deep,}

the shaft 33 cm by 34 cm. As such although this funerary monument conforms to a standard altar-shaped pattern that was commonly used at Ancyra during the principate, it is only slightly more than half the usual size4_.

By local standards the letters are fairly well-cut for a Latin inscription: those in the top line are 3.5 cm high, those in lines 2-10 varying between 3.0 and 3.3 cm. The (expanded) text reads:

D(is) M(anibus) / C(aio) CATTANIO TERTIO / B(ene)F(iciario) TRIB(uni) LEG(ionis) XXX V(lpiae) V(ictris) P(iae) F(idelis) / STIP(endiis) XVII / CIVI(s) AGRIPINENSI(s) / M(arcus) VICTORIUS LOLLIUS FRATER / TERTULLO ET CLEME/(vacat)ENTE CO(n)S(ulibus) (vacat) / F(aciendum) O(uravit)(read C(uravit))5

To the Divine Shades! For Caius Cattanius Tertius, beneficiarius to a tribune of the legio XXX Ulpia

Victrix, Pious and Faithful; (he) served 17 years; citizen of (Colonia Claudia Ara) Agrippinensium.

Marcus Victorius Lollius, (his) ›brother‹, had this (gravestone) made (when) Tertullus and Clemens were consuls.

Fig. 1 The funerary memorial for C. Caius Cattanius Tertius (Ancyra Roman Baths Museum, Ankara; inv.-no. 113.518.99). – (Illustra-tion: B. C. Coockson after D. H. French).

Our soldier’s nomen, Cattanius, suggests that he is ultimately of North Italian or Celtic descent, but it is not, apparently, attested either at his hometown of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium or in its territory6_{. If}

Cattanius joined the legions at what was apparently the average age of 20 or so, then he was born some-time around the year 158 and would have been about 37 when he died. At that some-time he held the »rank« of a beneficiarius tribunis, that is, he served in the officium or personal staff of one of his legion’s six tribunes and so becomes only the third example known of this post in the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix7_{. As it is,}

none of the sources available to us today indicate the specific role or duties of such men, although they evidently fulfilled some administrative task8_{. Marcus Victorius Lollius, who describes himself as Cattanius’}

»brother« and who erected the monument, is evidently his mess-mate rather than a blood-relative, using the term frater here in the sense of »brother-in-arms«9_{. The text concludes by observing that Cattanius died}

during the consulship of »Tertullus and Clemens«: thus P. Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus and Q. Tineius Clemens, allowing us to date his death to 19510_.

DISCUSSION

It will be convenient to begin an examination of this text by focussing on how it records the legio XXX Ulpia

Victrix with the cognomina of Pia Fidelis, »pious and faithful«. Until now the earliest securely dated example

of the legion bearing this title would seem to belong to the time of Carcalla11_{. Our Ancyra text, however,}

confirms the commonly held but previously unsubstantiated belief that the legion was awarded the honor -ific for its loyalty to Severus at the time of his expeditio urbica, his march on Rome in April-May 19312_.

It will be recalled that Severus’ own Upper Pannonian legions unaminously supported his bid for the impe-rial purple from the very beginning13_{. However, the legions in the other Danubian provinces and those}

along the Rhine were somewhat slow in following the example of their peers – indeed, they only did so after »coercion« was applied14_{. Now, in the case of the legions in the other Danubian provinces this delay}

was doubtless because of the arrival in Byzantium and Lower Thrace of forces loyal to Pescennius Niger. Hence Severus’ despatch of an army corps, the exercitus Mysica, under L. Marius Maximus, to secure that province and the Balkans even as he began his march on Rome15_{. Concerning the four Rhine legions, their}

hesitation in declaring for Severus is to be explained in a like way, namely that they were already aware how Clodius Albinus had won the support of the three British legions for his claim to imperial power. They needed some guidance as to which way the wind was blowing, and thus the need for some »coercion« – persuasion – on the part of their commanders and provincial governors. As such both officers and men were undoubtedly helped in the matter by the knowledge that Severus had by then already awarded a donative of 1000 HS to the army of Upper Pannonia16_{. That aside, this seems the most likely context for}

Severus to have awarded the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix (and perhaps the other German legions?) the

cogno-mina Pia Fidelis as a mark of appreciation for its »loyalty«.

Either way, the knowledge that the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix bore this cognomen as early as 195 might well be of further interest with regard to the career of C. Iunius Faustinus Placidus Postumianus. This is because his cursus honorum as reported on an inscription from Thugga gives him the abbreviated title of LEG AUGG in connection with his legateship of the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis (sic)17_{: thus around or after 202,}

the year when Caracalla was appointed joint Augustus. However, in 204 or 205, Faustinus was suffect con -sul after having served in the interim as legatus Aug(g)ustorum of Lusitania18_{– a rather rapid succession}

of posts by conventional standards, if perhaps not exceptionally so at a time of strife. In fact it has already been observed in connection with precisely the same cursus honorum that its repetitive use of the ab -breviation AUGG in association with the offices listed therein may well represent an example in which it

has been »applied abusively«19_{. In other words, as the inscription was set up at a time when there were}

two Augusti, then the person who composed the text simply applied the current terminology for all of the posts Faustinus had held prior to that date, even though he may well have held some of them under a single emperor – in which case, as the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix is now certified with the cognomina of Pia

Fidelis by 195, then Faustinus’ command of the legion could well have been before 202.

Such apart, the primary interest of this new text from Ancyra is in how it provides clear proof that at least some members of the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix from distant Germania Inferior were included in Severus’ cam paign army for the expeditiones Asiana and/or Mesopotamena. This gainsays conventional wisdom, which holds that his eastern »wars« against first Pescennius Niger, then Abgar of Osrhoene, and then the Parthian Arabs and Adiabene, relied to a large extent (if not absolutely) on the exercitus Illyricus, an army corps formed from the Pannonian legions and initially commanded by Ti. Claudius Candidus20_{. In fact an}

in scrip tion from Lambaesis indicates that the legio III Augusta almost certainly provided a vexillation for this series of adventures21_{. Indeed, the African vexillation could have arrived in the region together with}

Cornelius Anullinus, immediate past proconsul of Africa, whom Severus made generalissimo in the east some time early in 19422_{. Now, it might well be the case that these men were seconded there as a means}

of secur ing both their allegiance and that of their comrades to Severus’ cause: after all, he replaced them with some of his own loyal Danubian soldiers, ostensibly to prevent Niger from »capturing« the terri-tory23_{. Even so, a natural and obvious way to secure the loyalty of the various provincial armies in the cir}

-cumstances then prevailing was to lead them on a successful campaign. Furthermore, Severus may well have thought that the African legion needed some toughening-up after a long period of (relative) peace in that province.

The involvement of a vexillation from the legio III Augusta in Severus’ eastern campaign of 194-195 allows the possibility that other non-»Illyrian« legions were also involved in those successes normally credited to the exercitus Illyricus. It would be logical for this to be so, especially as the exercitus Mysica was still con -tend ing with the intractable citizens of Byzantium. At the very least it is highly probable that one or more vexillations from the Dacian legions were included in the expeditions Asiana and Mesopotamena, as is indeed implied by the career of one of its legionary commanders, Ti. Manilius Fuscus. Legatus of the legio

XIII Ge mina in 191, he is next heard of in post as governor of Syria Phoenice in 19424_{, and so it is quite}

con ceiv able that he was already in the east with his legion or a part thereof, perhaps commanding an

exer-citus Dacicus when he assumed control of Syria Phoenice.

On the other hand, before the discovery of this inscription from Ancyra and the clear proof it provides that members of the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis were in the east in 195, there was no sustainable evidence that any of the German legions took a part in Severus’ preliminary eastern campaigns. This might have been suspected, however, given that another of the new provincial governors Severus named for the eastern ter -ritories in 194 was Q. Venidus Rufus, ex-legate of the legio I Minervia from Bonna in Germania Inferior. He is known to have been in command of that legion as late as 193 and to have assumed command of Cilicia in 19425_{: so it has always seemed possible that he was already in the east with all or part of his legion. Yet}

while the transfer to the east of an entire or major part of a Dacian legion such as the legio XIII Gemina might have been allowable at this time, for there is no evidence of any problems on that front then, it is hardly credible that Severus would likewise transfer one or more of the German legions in full campaign strength leaving only a cadre behind to secure their home base. After all, apart from any potential threat from the tribes west of the Rhine Albinus was in a position to invade the region whenever he wanted – and in fact did so in 195, defeating Virius Lupus, the then governor of Germania Inferior26_{, and besieging}

Trier, which successfully resisted capture thanks to the presence of at least a part of the legio XXII

In which case the presence of a soldier from the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix in Ancyra in 195 is much more likely to result from Severus having ordered the German legions to send vexillations for the campaigns then in hand. True, this could have been done primarily as a means of consolidating their commitment to his cause, as seems to have been the case with the vexillation supplied in 194 by the legio III Augusta. Alternatively, it could be simply that he wanted all of »his« legions to share in his eastern campaigns. After all, in 197, Claudius Gallus, then legatus legionis of the legio XXII Primigenia at Moguntiacum, was directed to lead a vexillation drawn from all four German legions for service in Severus’ »Second« Parthian War28_{. Of course,}

we have no way of knowing the precise situation that resulted in at least a cadre of the legio XXX Ulpia

Victrix Pia Fidelis being in Ancyra in 195. Yet we might note that our dead legionary was a beneficiarius of

a tribune, and as a tribune could command a vexillation for campaign purposes29_{, then we might suggest}

that the legio XXX (along with each of the other German legions?) »donated« at least two cohorts, the nominal command of a legionary tribune, for active service in 194/195.

This being possibly the case, it is only natural to address the question if the presence of our legionary at Ancyra has a bearing on when C. Julius Septimius Castinus, apparently a relative of Severus, was dux

vexil-lationum (legionum) IIII Germaniarum […] adversus defectores et rebelles30_{. This command intervened be}

-tween his serving as praetorian proconsul of Crete and Cyrenaica and becoming legatus legionis of the

legio I Minervia, a position he filled during or after the year when Severus and Caracalla first shared the

consulship, so in 202 or later31_{. Some believe this command was created in response to repeated localised}

rebellions in c. 206208 by diehard supporters of the deceased Clodius Albinus, others that it was a re -sponse to another insurrection altogether in about 20832_{. However, as the vexillation Castinus used against}

the defectores et rebelles included the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix – for it and the other three German legions are specifically named on the inscription recording the fact –, the new text from Ancyra allows the sugges-tion that his command was held at an earlier date, and so specifically during Severus’ eastern campaigns of 194195. After all, the term rebelles was also used on at least one inscription as shorthand for the sup -porters of Niger in the provinces of Asia and Noricum33_.

Finally, by way of conclusion it might be useful to briefly mention those four other epigraphic items from Asia Minor recording the presence of the legio XXX in the region. The earliest of these is perhaps that from Kiren Tsukuru, near Nicomedia (İzmit), a funerary monument honouring one Severandinius Avitus, a miles who died aged 30 after 20 years of service34_{: the editors thought this text might be Trajanic, but as it does}

not give the praenomen of the deceased and names him in the dative case, a later date is perhaps more likely. Two of the other inscriptions certainly date to the reign of Caracalla, for one, recording the death of Nobilinius Scriptionis, a miles who died aged 40 after 17 years of service, names the unit as legio XXX Ulpia

Victrix Pia Fidelis Antoniniana35_{; the other, the funerary record of Sanctinius Severus, signifier in the legio}

XXX Ulpia Victrix, can be dated to the same period by its use of the formula sacer comiitatus36_{. The fourth}

and last inscription is from Ephesus, and is a dedication to an unknown consularis, probably T. Clodius Aure-lius Saturninus, who served as comes in Severus Alexander’s Parthian War, the dedication being made by »[--- ---]ianus«, a centurion in the legio XXX Ulpia Severiana37_.

Notes

1) For the expeditione Asiana, ILS 1140; and for the expeditione

(felicissima) Mesopotamena, ILS 9098; see also Speidel 1985,

324p.

2) French 2003, 145 no. 42.

3) The measurements given here are those provided in the editio

princeps (no. 2).

4) Cf. French 2003, 141 no. 39; 155p. no. 49; 163 no. 54; 167p. no. 58; 169 no. 59; 173 no. 62; 180 no. 69.

5) Correcting French 2003, 145, where a crack in the stone’s sur-face at the end of line 4 has been read as the initial C in the sequence C/IVI: personal autopsy identified the tail of this letter below a fracture in the edge of the inscription at the be

-ginning of line 5, thus CIVE, as in the transcript here and on fig. 1.

6) Schulze 1991, 76. – Note, however, CIL 13.3990, Cattonius Secundinus, at Orolaunum (Arlon / Aarlen / Arel, Belgium), a man of uncertain status; and CIL 13.6860 = ILS 2248, L. Cat-tonius Secundus, miles in the legio IIII at Moguntiacum. 7) Cf. Schallmayer et al. 1990, 38p. no. 33 = CIL 13.1879; and

386p. no. 891 = Année Épigraphique 1990, 432. 8) Ott 1995, 68-71.

9) Cf. e.g. Bowman / Thomas 1994, no. 310, which begins »Chraut tius Veldeio suo fratri contubernali antiquo pluri/man

salutem«: »Chrauttius to Veldeius his brother and old

mess-mate, very many greetings«.

10) Remarkably enough, another military funerary monument from Ancyra for the same consular year notes the death there on 3rd_{September of a miles of the legio X Gemina, »redi(ens)}

a Parthia«, »returning from Parthia«: Année Épigraphique

1941, 166 = Bosch 1967, 277p. no. 213 = French 2003, 155p. no. 49. – Direct visual comparison of this text with that under discussion here shows that they are not, however, the work of the same stone-cutter.

11) Année Épigraphique 1947, 188 = Corsten 1991, 201p. no. 173; Fitz 1983, 46 no. 99.

12) For the expeditio urbica: cf. Année Épigraphique 1966, 495. – Birley 1988, chapter 10 (89-107) provides a graphic account of the events that year.

13) Historia Augusta, Severus, 5.1. 14) Ibid. 5.3.

15) Ibid. 8.12, with ILS 2935. 16) Ibid. 5.2.

17) Année Épigraphique 2003, 1975, correcting and supplemen-ting CIL 8.597 +11754 = Année Épigraphique 1982, 942.

18) Birley 1981, 161-64. 19) Ibid. 162.

20) ILS 1140; cf. Birley 1988, 109p. 21) Speidel 1985, 325.

22) Birley 1988, 112.

23) Historia Augusta, Severus, 8.7; cf. Speidel 1985, 325. 24) CIL 3.1172; Année Épigraphique 1930, 141. 25) Alföldy 1967, 48.

26) Historia Augusta, Severus, 10.7; Dio 76.6.2. 27) CIL 13.6800 = ILS 419.

28) Année Épigraphique 1957, 123. 29) Saxer 1967, 120-123.

30) CIL 3.10471. 10472. 10473 (= ILS 1153). Cf. Saxer 1967, 48p. nos. 86-87. 89. – Alföldy 1967, 51.

31) CIL 13.7945 = ILS 2459.

32) In favour of 206-208: Saxer 1967, 49 and Alföldy 1967, 51; and for 208: Birley 1988, 176. – Cf. Dio 76.5.

33) ILS 1140.

34) Année Épigraphique 1977, 792.

35) Ibid. 1947, 188 = Corsten 1991, 201p. no. 173. – Cf. Fitz 1983, 46 no. 99.

36) CIL 3.6764 = Bosch 1967, 132p. no. 109 = Christol / Drew-Bear 2000, 537-539 = Année Épigraphique 2000, 1447. 37) Année Épigraphique 1957, 161 = ibid. 1961, 58 = Engelmann /

Knibbe / Merkelbach 1980, 158p. no. 817. – For the identity of this man cf. Année Épigraphique 1999, 95.

Acknowledgements

I first wish to express my great appreciation of Anthony Birley for his unfaltering and courteous assistance over the years in matters both epigraphic and otherwise, although he must not be blamed for any factual or other errors in this text or my interpretation of the relevant material. I am also grateful to Dr. Anya Slawisch (Halle University) and Dr. Jacques Morin (Bilkent University) for their assis -tance in matters of German and French; and I especially thank Dr. D. H. French, whose foresight and enterprise has made so much new material (including this item) available for scholarship (e.g. Bennett 2006; 2007, 408-413). The preparation of a paper like

this in a place where much of the relevant bibliographical mate-rial is not readily available was only possible through repeated access to the collections of the British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara, and most especially the 24/7 online EpigraphikDa -tenbank Clauss/Slaby (http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/ pls/epigr/epigraphik_en): my sincere thanks are owed to those who manage these invaluable resources. Finally, I greatly apciate the way that Ben Classz Coockson (Bilkent University) pre-pared the illustration at short notice.

References

Alföldy 1967: G. Alföldy, Die Legionslegaten der römischen Rhein-armeen (Köln 1967).

Bennett 2006: J. Bennett, New Evidence from Ankara for the Col-legia Veteranorum and the Albata Decursio. Anatolian Studies 56, 2006, 93-99.

2007: J. Bennett, Two New Centurions of the Legio IIII Scythica. Latomus 66/2, 2007, 404-413.

Birley 1981: A. R. Birley, The Fasti of Roman Britain (Oxford 1981). 1988: A. R. Birley, Severus, the African Emperor (London 1988).

Bosch 1967: E. Bosch, Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Ankara im Altertum (Ankara 1967).

Bowman / Thomas 1994: A. Bowman / D. Thomas, The Vindolan -da Writing Tablets. Tabulae Vindolandenses 2 (London 1994). Christol / Drew-Bear 2000: M. Christol / T. Drew-Bear, Une

inscrip-tion d’Ancyra relative au sacer comitatus. In: Le Bohec / Wolff 2000, 529-539.

Corsten 1991: T. Corsten, Die Inschriften von Prusa ad Olympum (Bonn 1991).

Engelmann / Knibbe / Merkelbach 1980: H. Engelmann / D. Knibbe / R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Ephesos 3 (Bonn 1980). Fitz 1983: J. Fitz, Honorific Titles of Roman Military Units in the 3rd

Century (Bonn 1983).

French 2003: D. H. French, Roman, Late Roman and Byzantine In -scriptions of Ankara: a Selection (Ankara 2003).

Le Bohec / Wolff 2000: Y. Le Bohec / C. Wolff (eds), Les légions de Rome sous le Haut-empire. Actes du Congrès de Lyon, 17-19 septembre 1998 (Paris 2000).

Ott 1995: J. Ott, Die Beneficiarier: Untersuchungen zu ihrer Stel-lung innerhalb der Rangordnung des Römischen Heeres und zu ihrer Funktion (Stuttgart 1995).

Saxer 1967: R. Saxer, Untersuchungen zu den Vexillationen des römischen Kaiserheeres von Augustus bis Diokletian (Köln 1967).

Schallmayer et al. 1990: E. Schallmayer / K. Eibl / J. Ott / G. Preuss / E. Wittkopf, Der römische Weihebezirk von Osterburken I: Cor -pus der griechischen und lateinischen Beneficiarier-Inschriften des Römischen Reiches (Stuttgart 1990).

Schulze 1991: W. Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Darmstadt 1991).

Speidel 1985: M. P. Speidel, Valerius Valerianus in charge of Sep -timius Severus’ Mesopotamian Campaign. Classical Philology 80/4, 1985, 321-26.

Zusammenfassung / Abstract / Résumé

Die Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis und Severus’ expeditiones Asiana und Mesopotamena

Eine kürzlich publizierte Grabinschrift aus Ancyra (Ankara), datiert in das Jahr 195, gibt uns wichtige Informationen zur Geschichte der legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis. Zum einen ist sie ein Beleg dafür, dass die Legion an Severus’ Asien-und Mesopotamienfeldzügen beteiligt war, zum anderen ist sie das früheste sicher datierte Zeugnis für den Ehrentitel dieser Legion, Pia Fidelis. Abgesehen von diesen spezifischen Aspekten ist diese Inschrift auch für unser Verständnis der militärischen Laufbahnen des C. Iunius Faustinus, legatus Aug(g)ustorum XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis, und des C. Julius Septimius Castinus, dux vexillationum (legionum) IIII Germaniarum, von Bedeutung.

The Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis and Severus’ expeditiones Asiana and Mesopotamena

A recently published funerary inscription from Ancyra (Ankara), internally dated to 195, provides valuable information concerning the history of the legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis. Firstly, it shows that the legion was in Asia Minor for Severus’ Asian and Mesopotamian campaigns; and secondly, it provides the earliest securely dated record of the legion’s honorific titles of Pia Fidelis. These specific points of interest aside, the inscription may well be of relevance to our current understanding of the careers of C. Iunius Faustinus, legatus Aug(g)ustorum XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis, and of C. Julius Septimius Castinus, dux vexillationum (legionum) IIII Germaniarum.

La XXXème_{légion Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis et les expeditiones Asiana et Mesopotamena de Septime Sévère} Une pierre tombale inscrite d’Ancyra (Ankara) publiée récemment et datée par son contenu de l’an 195, nous révèle des renseignements fort utiles au sujet de l’histoire de la XXXème_{légion Ulpia Victrix. D’abord, elle démontre que} celleci était présente en Asie Mineure au cours des campagnes en Asie et Mésopotamie de Septime Sévère; et ensuite, l’in -scription constitue le document le plus ancien mentionnant son titre honorifique de Pia Fidelis. En plus de ces données de nature générale, l’inscription pourrait se révéler pertinente quant à notre connaissance des carrières de C. Junius Faustinus, legatus Aug(g)ustorum XXX Ulpia Victrix, et de C. Julius Septimius Castinus, dux vexillationum (legionum) IIII Germaniarum.

Schlüsselwörter / Keywords / Mots clés

Türkei / Römische Kaiserzeit / Septimius Severus / Armee / Legion / Vexillatio Turkey / Roman Principate / Septimius Severus / army / legion / vexillation Turquie / Empire romain / Septime Sévère / armée / légion / vexillatio

Julian Bennett

Department of Archaeology and History of Art Faculty of Humanities and Letters

Bilkent University TR - 06800 Bilkent/Ankara bennett@bilkent.edu.tr

ISSN 0342-734X Daniela Holst,Zur Entwicklung frühmesolithischer Artefaktproduktion:

handwerkliche Tradition und Landschaftsnutzung am Duvensee (Schleswig-Holstein). . . 457

Alexander Binsteiner, Erwin M. Ruprechtsberger, Otto H. Urban,Zur Rohstoffanalyse

jungsteinzeitlicher Silexinventare im Raum Linz und in Oberösterreich . . . 477

Christoph Huth,Darstellungen halb skelettierter Menschen im Neolithikum

und Chalkolithikum der Alten Welt . . . 493

Sibylle Bauer,Ein Dendrodatum für die frühe Eisenzeit aus dem römischen Isis-

und Mater Magna-Heiligtum in Mainz . . . 505

Katharina Becker,Iron Age ring-headed pins in Ireland and Britain and on the Continent . . . 513

Jenny Kaurin,Approche fonctionnelle des couteaux de la fin de l’âge du Fer –

l’exemple de la nécropole orientale de l’oppidum du Titelberg (G.-D. de Luxembourg) . . . 521

Claudia Nickel,Minerva am Martberg . . . 537

Julian Bennett,The Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Pia Fidelis and Severus’ expeditiones Asiana

and Mesopotamena . . . 543

Marcus H. Hermanns, Joan Ramon Torres,Eine Bleikiste aus einem spätrömischen Schiffsfund

bei Formentera (Spanien) . . . 551

Erhard Cosack,Technische Untersuchungen an einem Fundkomplex

der Jüngeren Römischen Kaiserzeit mit zwei zertrümmerten Bronzegefäßen

aus Stemmen, Region Hannover (unter Mitarbeit von Harald Nagel) . . . 559

Caterina Giostra,The Ostrogothic buckle with cloisonné decoration from Tortona (Italy)

(with contributions by Silvia Bruni and Vittoria Guglielmi, Mauro Rottoli and Elena Rettore). . . . 577

Inhalt Jahrgang 38, 2008. . . 597

Das Archäologische Korrespondenzblatt versteht sich als eine aktuelle wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift zu Themen der vor-und frühgeschichtlichen sowie provinzialrömischen Archäologie vor-und ihrer Nachbarwissenschaften in Europa. Neben der aktuellen Forschungsdiskussion finden Neufunde und kurze Analysen von überregionalem Interesse hier ihren Platz. Der Umfang der Artikel beträgt bis zu 20 Druckseiten; fremdsprachige Beiträge werden ebenfalls angenommen. Unabhängige Redaktoren begutachten die eingereichten Artikel.

Kontakt für Autoren: korrespondenzblatt@rgzm.de

Abonnement beginnend mit dem laufenden Jahrgang; der Lieferumfang umfasst 4 Hefte pro Jahr; ältere Jahrgänge auf Anfrage; Kündigungen zum Ende eines Jahrganges.

Kontakt in Abonnement- und Bestellangelegenheiten: verlag@rgzm.de

Preis je Jahrgang (4 Hefte) für Direktbezieher 20,– € (16,– € bis 2007 soweit vorhanden) + Versandkosten (z. Z. Inland 5,50 €, Ausland 12,70 €)

HIERMIT ABONNIERE ICH DAS ARCHÄOLOGISCHE KORRESPONDENZBLATT

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Senden Sie diese Abo-Bestellung bitte per Fax an: 0049 (0) 61 31 / 91 24-199 oder per Post an:

Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum

Forschungsinstitut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte

R G Z M

BESTELLUNG DES

ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN KORRESPONDENZBLATTS

NEUERSCHEINUNGEN

Ernst Künzl

Die Alamannenbeute

aus dem Rhein bei Neupotz

Plünderungsgut aus dem römischen Gallien

In Neupotz, Lkr. Germersheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, hat man in einem Bagger-see des Kieswerkes der Gebr. Kuhn seit 1967 und dann besonders von 1980 bis 1983 zahlreiche Metallobjekte bergen können. Die Fundstelle liegt im alten Strombett des Rheines.

Der riesige Fund wiegt mehr als 700 kg, die über 1000 Objekte gehören vor wiegend in das Römerreich des 2. und 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.: Münzen, Waffen, Reste von Booten, Tafelgeschirr, Küchengerät, Wagenteile und Werk zeuge.

In den Jahren 275-277 n. Chr. plünderten Franken und Alamannen das römische Gallien bis zu den Pyrenäen. Kaiser Probus trieb dann 277/278 die letzten Franken und Alamannen über den Rhein zurück. Der Neupotzfund gehört zu Alamannen, die damals mit massenhafter Beute beladen zurück nach Hause ins Neckargebiet fahren wollten. Beim Übersetzen über den Rhein beim heutigen Neupotz ging der Transport unter. Der Baggerfund von Neupotz ist im Rahmen der römischen wie der alamannischen Archäo-logie einmalig.

Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2 · 55116 Mainz · Tel.: 0 6131/91 24-0

Fax: 0 6131/91 24-199 · E-Mail: verlag@rgzm.de · Internet: www.rgzm.de Monographien des RGZM Bd. 34,1-4 um ein Gesamtregister erweiterter Nachdruck 4 Bd.; 832 S. mit 702 Taf. ISBN 978-3-88467-122-1 195,– € Ernst Künzl

Unter den goldenen Adlern

Der Waffenschmuck des römischen Imperiums

Die Griechen und Römer dekorierten ihre Waffen mit Motiven und Zeichen, die Sieg und Glück verheißen sollten. Der Waffendekor der römischen Legionen spiegelt das Vertrauen auf die Götter Roms und auf die Stärke der römischen Armee. Einige Teile der Ausrüstung wie die Feldzeichen und die traditionelle Aufmachung der hohen Offiziere waren festgelegt. In der Frage des Waffenschmuckes besaßen freilich die Soldaten einen großen Spielraum. Uniformen, wie wir sie seit dem 18. Jahrhundert kennen, gab es nicht. Die Dekoration war dem einzelnen Soldaten überlassen. Auf den Waffen findet man deshalb Zeichen vielfältiger religiöser und politischer Strömungen. Sogar die Tagespolitik hinterließ ihre Spuren, als in den kriti-schen Jahren des Übergangs des Kaisertums von Augustus zu Tiberius die Nordarmee am Rhein offen für Germanicus, den Neffen des Tiberius, Par-tei ergriff und dies auf den Waffen auch zeigte.

Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH

und Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz Leibnizstraße 13 · 93055 Regensburg · Tel.: 09 41/78 785-0

Fax: 09 41/787 85-16 · E-Mail: info@schnell-und-steiner.de 154 S. mit 189 meist farb. Abb.

ISBN 978-3-88467-123-8 24,90 €

Neuerscheinungen

Ältere Publikationen sind in der Regel ebenfalls noch lieferbar. Unser komplettes Publikations -verzeichnis finden Sie im Internet auf unserer Homepage (www.rgzm.de), oder Sie können es beim Verlag des RömischGermanischen Zentralmuseums, Forschungsinstitut für Vor und Früh -geschichte, Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2, 55116 Mainz, Tel.: 0 61 31 / 91 24-0, Fax: 0 61 31 / 91 24-199, E-Mail: verlag@rgzm.de, kostenlos anfordern. Seinen Autoren gewährt der Verlag des RGZM einen Rabatt von i. d. R. 25% auf den Ladenpreis.

Monographien des RGZM

Die räumliche Organisation der Konzentration IIa von Gönnersdorf

Band 69 (2007); 231 S., 113 z.T. farbige Abb., 1 Beil.

ISBN 978-3-88467-110-8 € 64,–

Th. Zimmermann

Die ältesten kupferzeitlichen Bestattungen mit Dolchbeigabe

Archäologische Untersuchungen in ausgewählten Modellregionen Alteuropas

Band 71 (2007); 179 S., 70 Abb.

ISBN 978-3-88467-114-6 € 55,–

G. Bosinski

Tierdarstellungen von Gönnersdorf

Nachträge zu Mammut und Pferd sowie die übrigen Tierdarstellungen

Band 72 (2008); 176 S., 108 Abb., 170 Taf., 3 Farbtaf.

ISBN 978-3-88467-117-7 € 90,–

M. Sensburg, F. Moseler

Die Konzentrationen IIb und IV des Magdalénien-Fundplatzes Gönnersdorf (Mittelrhein)

Band 73 (2008); 176 S., 43 z.T. farbige Abb., 13 Tab., 62 Pläne

ISBN 978-3-88467-120-7 € 44,–

Kataloge Vor- und

Frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer

Spangenhelme. Baldenheim und verwandte Typen Band 39 (2006); 322 S., 108 Abb., 59 Taf., 8 Farbtaf., 22 Beil.

ISBN 978-3-88467-100-9 € 90,–

Th. Zimmermann

Die bronze- und früheisenzeitlichen Troiafunde der Sammlung Heinrich Schliemann

im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum Band 40 (2006); 114 S., 15 Abb., 40 Taf.

ISBN 978-3-88467-104-7 € 40,–

RGZM – Tagungen

und Inwert setzung eines Kulturerbes europäischer Industrie (Antike -21. Jahrhundert)

Band 2 (2006); 262 S., 158 Abb., 11 Farbtaf.

ISBN 978-3-88467-105-4 € 40,–

Mosaiksteine. Forschungen am RGZM

Vom Prunkstück zum Altmetall

Ein Depot spätrömischer Helmteile aus Koblenz Band 4 (2008); 58 S., 119 meist farbige Abb.

ISBN 978-3-7954-2143-4 € 18,–

Ausstellungskataloge

S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, R. Höfer u. O. Jöris (Hrsg.) Wie bunt war die Vergangenheit wirklich?

Ganz Alt – die Archäologie des Eiszeitalters, umgesetzt von Otmar Alt

Eine ungewöhnliche Gegenüberstellung von jägerischer Archäologie und zeitgenössischer Kunst

(2007); 103 S., 71 meist farbige Abb. ISBN 978-3-88467-107-8 (Sonderpreis an der