Celâleddîn es-Suyûtî ve Arap Gramerindeki Yeri
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(82) ødø1'(.ø/(5 g=(7 ............................................................................................................................VII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... VIII 6ø0*(/(59(.,6$/70$/$5'ø=ø1ø ............................................................... IX 75$16.5ø36ø<216ø67(0ø .................................................................................... X g16g= .......................................................................................................................... XI *ø5øù 68<Ó7̶1ø1<$ù$',ö,'g1(09(%8'g1(0(.ADAR YAPILAN ARAP 'ø/ø9(*5$0(5ød$/,ù0$/$5, ,68<Ó7̶1ø1<$ù$',ö,'g1(0(*(1(/%ø5%$.,ù ...................................1 $6ø<$6Ì'8580 .................................................................................................... 1 B. SOSYAL DURUM ............................................................................................... 18 &ø/0Ì9(('(%Ì'8580 ................................................................................... 26 ,,;;9<h=<,L SONUNA KADAR YAPIL$1$5$3'ø/ø9(*5$0(5ø d$/,ù0$/$5, ............................................................................................................35 $*UDPHUdDOÕúPDODUÕYH%XQD6HEHS2ODQÆPLOOHU ................................................ 35 øON'|QHP1DKLYdDOÕúPDODUÕYH1DKLYFLOHU ..................................................... 39 B. Gramer Ekolleri ..................................................................................................... 44 %DVUD(NRO ....................................................................................................... 45 .IH(NRO ........................................................................................................ 49 %D÷GDW(NRO ..................................................................................................... 51 (QGOV(NRO ................................................................................................... 55 50ÕVÕU(NRO ....................................................................................................... 58 (NROOHU$UDVÕQGDNL0HWRW)DUNOÕOÕNODUÕYH*|Uú$\UÕOÕNODUÕ ............................ 62 %ø5ø1&ø%g/h0 &(/Æ/(''Ì1(6-68<Ó7̶1ø1+$<$7,9( (6(5/(5ø 1.1. HAYATI ..................................................................................................................70 'ø1Ì$1/$<,ù, .....................................................................................................87 6(<Æ+$7/(5ø .....................................................................................................89 +LFD]<ROFXOX÷X .............................................................................................. 89 0ÕVÕU<ROFXOX÷X ............................................................................................... 91 1.(6(5/(5ø ..............................................................................................................92.
(83) II (VHUOHULQLQ6D\ÕVÕ ............................................................................................. 93 6X\Wv¶QLQ%D]Õ(VHUOHULQLQ7DQÕWÕPÕ ............................................................... 96 $UDS'LOLYH(GHEL\DWÕ ............................................................................. 96 0HkQv%H\kQ%HGLµ .............................................................................. 100 1.4.2.3. Edebiyat.................................................................................................. 100 .XU¶kQøOLPOHUL ....................................................................................... 101 +DGLVøOLPOHUL ......................................................................................... 109 +DGLV8VXO ............................................................................................ 112 )ÕNÕK ....................................................................................................... 113 1.4.2.8. Tarih ....................................................................................................... 115 'L÷HU(VHUOHUL ......................................................................................... 116 1.5. HOCALARI ..........................................................................................................117 7$/(%(/(5ø ......................................................................................................121 %8/81'8ö8*g5(9LER ..............................................................................123 68<Ó7Ì+$..,1'$.ø*g5hù/(5 .............................................................125 68<Ó7̶1ø17$57,ù0$/$5, ........................................................................126 68<Ó7Ì9((6(5/(5øh=(5ø1'(<$3,/$1d$/,ù0$/$5 .............131 ø.ø1&ø%g/h0 68<Ó7̶1ø1$5$3'ø/ø1'(.ø<(5ø9(d(ùø7/ø*g5hù/(5ø 68<Ó7̶1ø1$5$3'ø/ø1'(.ø<(5ø .............................................................136 'ø/('$ø5*g5hù/(5ø ..................................................................................141 'LOLQ7DQÕPÕ ................................................................................................... 141 'LOOHULQ.D\QD÷Õ0HVHOHVL ............................................................................. 144 2.1.3. 6X\Wv¶QLQ'LO$ODQÕQGDNLdDOÕúPDODUÕ .......................................................... 152 2.1.3.1. 6X\Wv¶QLQ0WHUkGLI (úDQODPOÕ
(84) .HOLPHOHUOHøOJLOL*|Uú ................. 154 68<Ó7̶1ø11$+ø986Ó/h1('$ø5*g5hù/(5ø 9('(/ø//(5ø ....157 6X\Wv¶\H*|UH1DKYLQ.D\QDNODUÕ ............................................................... 161 6HPk0HWRGX ................................................................................................. 162 .XU¶DQ¶ODøVWLúKkG ................................................................................... 163 +DGLV¶OHøVWLúKkG ..................................................................................... 165 ùLLUOHøVWLúKkG .......................................................................................... 167 $UDS.HOkPÕ\ODøVWLúKkG ......................................................................... 170.
(85) III 6HPkµGDøWWÕUkGYHùk].RQXVX .............................................................. 173 'H÷LúLN/HKoHOHUOHøVWLúKkG .................................................................... 176 øFPkµ0HWRGX ................................................................................................. 180 .Õ\DV0HWRGX ................................................................................................. 182 øVWLVKkE ........................................................................................................... 190 øVWLKVkQ ........................................................................................................... 191 øVWLGOkO ............................................................................................................ 192 68<Ó7̶1ø1'ø/(.2//(5øød(5ø6ø1'(.ø<(5ø .................................195 %DVUD(NRO+DNNÕQGDNL*|UúOHUL ................................................................ 195 (VPk¶L6LWWHQLQøUkEÕYH9H]QL ............................................................... 195 0DNVXU0HPGXGøVLPOHULQ6RQODUÕQÕQ+D]IL ........................................ 197 &HPL0]HNNHU-L6kOLP¶LQ0HQQHVOLN7k¶VÕQÕ$OPDPDVÕ ................... 197 2.3.1.4. Muzmar ve Zamir Terimleri................................................................... 197 2.3.1.5. ÈȐ Ǡǧ È ¶QÕQ)HWKDVÕQÕQ$VOÕ ........................................................................... 198 2.3.1.6. ʭ¢ È ¶QLQ$VOÕ ............................................................................................... 198 2.3.1.7. Zamir-LùDQ............................................................................................. 198 2.3.1.8. Zamir-i Fasl ............................................................................................ 199 2.3.1.9. ǮƬ È ÌȇÈ¢°ÈÈ ¢ Kelimesindeki © ve ½¶ÕQøUDEÕ ....................................................... 200 øVP-L0HYVXOOHULQ$VÕOODUÕ .................................................................... 200 2.3.1.11. ǺǷÈ ¶GHQ6RQUDNL$LG=DPLUL ................................................................... 201 +DEHU2ODUDN.XOODQÕODQ=DUIODUÕQ$PLOL ............................................. 201 =DUILOH&kU-0HFUU+DNLNL+DEHU'H÷LOGLU ......................................... 202 =DUIÕQ0EWHGDQÕQ=DPLULQH+DPOL ..................................................... 203 +DEHULQ7HKLU(GLOPHVLQLQ*HUHNOLOL÷L ................................................ 203 9kY-ÕPDµL\\H¶GHQ6RQUD*HOHQ+DEHULQ+D]IL ................................... 204 +DEHUL0D]L)LLO2ODQ&POH\HÀÈ ƢǯÈ ve Benzerlerinin Gelmesi ........... 205 0HIµOXPDµDK¶ÕQÆPLOL ....................................................................... 206 )LLOYH0DVGDUGDQ+DQJLVL'L÷HULQGHQ7UHPLúWLU0HVHOHVL ............... 206 0]DUL)LLOLQ1DVEÕ .............................................................................. 207 7HNLW1QX ........................................................................................... 207.
(86) IV 6X\Wv¶QLQ%DVUDOÕODUD0XKDOHIHWL .................................................................. 208 øVWLVQDGD2UDQ......................................................................................... 208 $WÕI+DUIOHUL ............................................................................................ 208 .IH(NRO+DNNÕQGDNL*|UúOHUL ................................................................. 208 0EWHGDYH+DEHULQÆPLOL .................................................................... 209 ùLLU=DUXUHWLQGH0XQVDULI2ODQÕ6DUIWDQ0HQHWPHQLQ&HY۲]Õ ............... 210 2.3.3.3. Sonu Ǿȇ LOH%LWHQøVLPOHULQ7HVQL\HVL ..................................................... 210 2.3.3.4. Mecrur Zamire Atf ................................................................................. 211 2.3.3ùLEKL&POH2OGX÷XQGD6ÕODQÕQ0DPXOQQgQQH*HoPHVL ............. 212 $LGL+D]IHGLOGL÷LQGHÄ¢ Ë .HOLPHVLQLQøUDEÕ ............................................ 212 2.3.3.7. džȈdz nin Haberinin džȈdz¶\H7DNDGGP(WPHVLQLQ&DL]OL÷L ....................... 213 2.3.3.8. Ǻ Ì ǷÊ Harf-L&HULQLQ=DPDQøoLQ.XOODQÕOÕS.XOODQÕODPD\DFD÷Õ ................. 213 .IH(NROQH0XKDOLI2OGX÷X*|UúOHUL ...................................................... 214 2.3.4.1. ÈȐ Êǯ ve ƢÈƬǴÌÊǯ .HOLPHOHUL/DI]HQ0IUHW0kQHQ7HVQL\HGLU ........................ 214 2.3.4.1HNUD$VÕO0DULIH)HUµGLU ...................................................................... 215 6|]Q%DúÕQGD*HOHQ(IµkO൴XOE¶XQøOJDVÕ ........................................ 215 .HQGLVLQGHQ6RQUD+LNk\H(GLOHQ&POHGH0DQD ¾Ƣ È Èǫ¶\H.DWÕOPD] ...... 216 0DQDøVPLQL=DPDQ=DUIÕLOH%LOGLUPHN ................................................ 217 øVWLIKDPøoHUGL÷LQGH0HIµOXQ ELK¶LQgQH$OÕQPDVÕ ............................. 217 2.3.4.7. Mendubun Elifinde Fetha Zorunludur ................................................... 218 6RUX(GDWÕǶÌ ǯÈ ¶LQ7HP\L]L ...................................................................... 218 ùDUW(GDWÕÀÌ Ê¤¶LQ¯Ì ʤ 0DQDVÕQGD.XOODQÕOPDVÕ ............................................ 219 2.3.4.10. ƢǷċ ¢¶QÕQ$oÕNøVLPGH$PHO(WPHVL ........................................................ 219 2.3.4.11. Ä¢ Ì 7HIVLU(GDWÕGÕU .................................................................................. 220 2.3.4.12. ċȐ ǿÈ $WÕI+DUIL'H÷LOGLU .......................................................................... 220 2.3.4.13. ċȏ ¤ $WÕI+DUIL'H÷LOGLU............................................................................ 220.
(87) V 6X\Wv¶QLQ&XPKXU¶XQ*|UúOHULQH<DNODúÕPÕ .............................................. 221 6X\Wv¶QLQ&XPKXUD0XKDOHIHWL .................................................................... 225 6X\Wv¶QLQ'L÷HU1DKLYFLOHULQ*|UúOHULQH<DNODúÕPÕ .................................. 225 2.3.7.1. ÀÂǂÉ nj Ì ǟÊ ve Benzerleri ................................................................................. 226 0HUIkW ................................................................................................... 226 2.3.7.3. ÀË ƘǯÈ Konusu ............................................................................................. 227 $OHPøVLPOHU........................................................................................... 227 0HIOXQ7HKLUL ....................................................................................... 228 2.3.7.6. Harf-L&HUOHULQ$GODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ ............................................................... 228 2.3.7.7. Kasem Hemzesi ...................................................................................... 228 7D÷OLE ..................................................................................................... 229 0HQQHV1QX¶QD9LNk\H1QX¶QXQ*HOPHVL ...................................... 231 7HUNLSWHQgQFHøVLPOHU ........................................................................ 231 'L÷HU.RQXODU....................................................................................... 231 68<Ó7̶<(*g5(0h)(66ø5ø1%ø/0(6ø*(5(.(1.$ø'(/(R ......234 =DPLUOHUOHøOJLOL.DLGHOHU ............................................................................... 234 2.4.1.1. Zamirlerin Mercii ................................................................................... 235 =DPLUOHøOJLOLgQHPOLøNL.DLGH ............................................................. 238 )DVÕO=DPLUL ............................................................................................ 239 .ÕVVDYHùkQ=DPLUOHUL ........................................................................... 240 ÆNLOYH*D\UÕÆNLO&HPv.HOLPHOHUH$LW=DPLUOHU ................................ 241 /DIÕ]YH0DQD\D*|UH.XOODQÕODQ=DPLUOHU ........................................... 242 0]HNNHUOLNYH0HQQHVOLN .......................................................................... 243 øVLPOHUGH0DULIHYH1HNUHOLN ......................................................................... 244 2.4.3.1. ƾƷ È .HOLPHVLQLQ0DULIH2OXúX ........................ 246 È ¢ Kelimesinin Nekre, ƾǸÈ Ǐ 0DULIHYH1HNUHOLNOHøOJLOL'L÷HU.DLGHOHU............................................. 247 0WHUDGLI=DQQHGLOHQ$VOÕQGD0WHUDGLI2OPD\DQ.HOLPHOHU ..................... 248 øVLPYH\D)LLOOH+LWDS .................................................................................... 253 )LLOLQ7HFHGGWøIDGH(WPHVLQH'DLU%D]Õ(VDVODU ......................................... 254 0DVWDUODøOJLOL.DLGH ...................................................................................... 254 $WÕIODøOJLOL.DLGH ........................................................................................... 255.
(88) VI øVLPYH\D)LLO&POHVLQGH$WÕI .............................................................. 256 øNL$PLOLQ0DPXOh]HULQH$WIÕ ........................................................... 256 68<Ó7̶1ø1ø5Æ% ø/(ø/*ø/ø*g5hù/(5ø ..............................................257 øUkEÕQ7DQÕPÕ ................................................................................................. 257 .XU¶DQ¶ÕQøUDEÕ ............................................................................................... 260 0kQD- øUDE0QDVHEHWL ................................................................................. 264 6$5)9(1$+ø9/( ø/*ø/ø('$7/$5 .........................................................265 %(/$*$77$68<Ó7Ì .......................................................................................276 6218d .........................................................................................................................277 .$<1$.d$................................................................................................................284.
(89) VII g=(7 &(/Æ/(''Ì1(6-68<Ó7Ì9($5$3*5$0(5ø1'(.ø<(5ø. Bu çalışma, \]\ÕO $UDS*UDPHULQLQ|QGHJHOHQLVLPOHULQGHQ biri olan &HOkOHGGLQ es-6X\Wv¶QLQKD\DWÕQÕHVHUOerini ve onun Arap Gramerine ve metodoORMLVLQHNDWNÕODUÕQÕ HOHDOPDNWDGÕU<DúDGÕ÷ÕG|QHPGH0ÕVÕU¶da 0HPONOHU KNP VU\RUODUGÕ6X\XWvO kenin VL\DVv, ekonomik ve sosyal GXUXPXQ]D\ÕIODGÕ÷Õ ELUG|QHPRODQ0ÕVÕU0HPOkleriniQVRQG|QHPLQGH\DúDPÕúWÕU.oN\DúWDEDEDVÕQÕND\EHGHQ6X\XWvEDEDVÕQÕQDUND GDúODUÕQÕQ\DUGÕPÕ\ODH÷LWLPLQLWDPDPODPÕúWÕU7HIVLUKDGLVIÕNÕKNHODP dil, edebiyat ve nahiv DODQÕQGDV|]VDKLELRODFDNNDGDUH÷LWLPDOPÕúWÕU$\UÕFDD]GDROVDWÕSDODQÕQda GDH÷LWLPDOPÕúWÕU %XoDOÕúPDPÕ]dDND\QDNRODUDN$UDSHGHEL\DWÕDODQÕQGD\D]ÕOPÕúHVNLND\QDNODU ve PRGHUQG|QHPGHNRQX\ODLOJLOL\DSÕOPÕúDUDúWÕUPDODUHVDVDOÕQPÕúWÕU Anahtar Kelimeler: SuyWv, Arap Grameri, Arap Grameri Metodolojisi, Nahiv 8VO, Nahiv..
(90) VIII. ABSTRACT -(/Æ/$''Ì1$6-68<Ó7Ì$1'+IS ROLE IN ARABIC GRAMMAR. This study deals with one of the Pioneer name of Arabic Grammar, JaOkO al-GvQ al6X\Wv¶V life, works, contributions to Arabic Grammar and its methodology. During the period he lived, The State of Memluk maintained its sovereignty in Egypt. 6X\Wvlived during the last period of The State of Memluk in Egypt when the country underwent through a political, economic and social depression. 6X\Wv¶V father died in his early ages but he could complete his education ZLWKKHOSRIKLVIDWKHU¶VIULHQGV+HVWXGLHG&RPPHQWDU\ on the Koran, Hadith, Canon Law, Islamic Theology, Literature. Also he got a little medicine education, too. As source for our study in this field, ancient sources written in the Arabic Literature and works written about this subject in modern terms were consulted. Key Words: 6X\Wv$UDELF*UDPPDU0HWKRGRORJ\8VnjODO-Nahw, Nahw..
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