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ABSTRACT

A STUDY OF TEXTS ABOUT ATATURK IN THE 1st STAGE TURKISH COURSE BOOKS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION, IN TERMS OF CHILD EDUCATION

Çetin, Pelin Selcen MA, Primary Education

Thesis Adviser: Assistant Prof. Dr. Seyit EMIROGLU May 2007, XVI+218 Pages

This is a study of texts about Ataturk in the 2005-2006 educational year 1st stage Turkish course books of primary education, in terms of child education.

The texts about Ataturk, in the books used as a medium while giving Turkish lectures at 1st stage of primary education have a very important role in achieving the goals of National Education. Chosen from different genres, texts about Ataturk in the Turkish course books make the process of achieving the goals effective throughout the education of children by giving a meaningful and eager touch to training and education activities.

The purpose of this study is to deal with the texts about Ataturk in the 1st stage Turkish course books in terms of child education and thereby draw attention with an educational approach of Ataturk's principles and reforms to the importance of child education by emphasizing the importance Ataturk attached to training and education and strengthening national sentiments in the Turkish courses.

At the end of this study, the conclusions obtained after analyzing the texts about Ataturk in the 1st stage(1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th grade) Turkish course books are: to raise citizens bound to the Ataturk's principles and reforms and to Ataturk’s nationalism as defined in the Constitution; adopting, protecting and improving the national, moral, humanitarian, spiritual and cultural values of Turkish nation; caring for and always trying to glorify their family, country and nation; aware of their duties and responsibilities to the Republic of Turkey -a democratic, secular and social state of law- which is based on the fundamental principles stated at the preamble of the Constitution and the human rights.

Turkish National Education. It is understood that the texts about Ataturk in the 1st stage Turkish course books contributes a lot to the child education in accordance with this goals. The result of the study shows that the aim of Ataturk’s figure, ideas and principles in child education is to raise children caring for their values more and to increase their awareness in this regard.

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4.ø/*ø/ø$5$ù7,50$/$5 ...50 BÖLÜM III YÖNTEM ...51 $UDúWÕUPD0RGHOL ...51 dDOÕúPD(YUHQL...51 Evren ve Örneklem ...51 9HULOHULQ7RSODQPDVÕYH$QDOL]L...52 BÖLÜM IV 1$7$7h5.ø/(ø/*ø/ø0(7ø1/(5ød2&8.(öø7ø0ø$d,6,1'$1 ø1&(/(5.(1 'ø.KATE ALINAN HUSUSLAR...53

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2.1.4. Vatan ve Millet Sevgisi...57

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...57 20D\ÕV...58 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHlenmesi...58 2$WDWUN¶QdRFXNOX÷X ...58 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...59 2.1.7. Mustafa Kemal ...59 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...59 2.1.8. Atatürk ...59 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...60 2.1.9. Atatürk ve Cemil ...60 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...61 2.1.10. Atatürk ...61 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...61

2.1.11. Ben Mustafa Kemal ...62

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...63

2.1.12. Atatürk’üm ...63

2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...64 2.1.14. 23 Nisan ...64 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...64 2.1.15. 23 Nisan ...64 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...65 2%LULQFL.DGHPHøNLQFL6ÕQÕI<D]ÕODUÕ...65 23DúD¶QÕQ(YL ...65 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...66 2.2.2. Atatürk ...66 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...66 2.2.3. Cumhuriyet...67 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...67 2$WDWUN¶QdRFXNOX÷X ...67 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...68 2%HQ$WDWUN¶Q$UNDGDúÕ\ÕP ...68 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...69 2$WD¶PÕ]ÕQg]HOOLNOHUL...69 2.0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...70 2.2.7. Atatürk ...70 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...71 2.2.8. Cumhuriyet...71 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...72 2.2.9. Onu Özlüyorum...72 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...72 2$WDWUN¶Q+D\DWÕ...73 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...73 2$WDWUN¶QdRFXNOX÷X ...73 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...74 2$WDWUN¶Q+D\DWÕ...74 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...75 2.2.13. Atatürk ...75 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...76 2$QÕODUOD$WDWUN...76 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...77 2.2.15. Atatürk ...77 ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...77

2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...78

2.2.17. Yirmi Dokuz Ekim ...78

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2.3.3. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ...88

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...88

2.3.4. Atatürk Ülküyle Denizde ...89

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...90

2%X8OXVOD1HOHU<DSÕOPD]...90

2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...92 2$WDWUN¶Q+D\DWÕ...92 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...93 2<LUPL'RNX](NLP&XPKXUL\HW%D\UDPÕ...93 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...94 2.3.9. Atatürk’ün Sesi...94 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...95 2$WDWUN¶Q<DúDPÕ ...95 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...96 2.3.11. Cumhuriyet...96 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...97 2.3.12. Atatürk Olmak...97 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...98 2$WDWUN$QODWÕ\RU...98 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...99 2$WDWUN¶Q+D\DWÕ...99 2.3.14.1. MetnindRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...100 2<DúDVÕQ&XPKXUL\HW...101 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...101 2.3.16. Cumhuriyet...101 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...102 2'úPDQ(JH¶\H<D\ÕOÕ\RU...102 2.3.17.1. M_{HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...103} 2.3.18. Yirmi Üç Nisan ...103 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...104

2.3.19. Atatürk’ün Çocuk Sevgisi...104

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...105

2.3.20. Atatürk’ün Okuma Sevgisi...105

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...106 2&DQVX¶QXQ*QO÷...106 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...107 2.3.22. Atatürk ...108 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...108 2&XPKXUL\HWH1DVÕO.DYXúWXN ...109 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...109 øNL$QÕ...110

2.3.25. Atatürk ...111 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...112 2.3.26. Resim ...112 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...114 2$WDWUN¶Q$VNHUv6L\DVv\H)LNLU+D\DWÕ ...115 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...115 2.3.28. Bayrak Ve Cumhuriyet ...115 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...116 2.3.29. Tarih...116 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...117 2.3.30. Atatürk Ve Sanat ...117 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...118 2dRFXNODU<DUÕQODUÕPÕ]GÕU ...118 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...119 2.3.32. O Geliyor...119 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...121 2%LULQFL.DGHPH'|UGQF6ÕQÕI<D]ÕODUÕ ...121 2$WDWUN¶Q+D\DWÕ...121 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...122 2.4.2. Resim ...122 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOenmesi...123 2.4.3. Atatürk’ün Özellikleri...123 2_{0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...123} 2.4.4. Bir Haber...123 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...125 2.4.5. Ben Mustafa ...125 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...127 2.4.6. Atatürk Anadolu’da ...128 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...128 2.4.7. Atatürk ve Sanat ...128 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...129 2.4.8. Atatürk Ve Kitap ...129 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...130 2%HQ$WDWUN¶Q$UNDGDúÕ\ÕP ...130 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...131 2.4.10. Rüyamda Atatürk...132

2$WDWUN¶Q%LOLPYH$NÕOFÕOÕ÷D9HUGL÷LgQHP ...132

2.4.11.1. Metnin Çocuk(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...133

20XVWDID.HPDO¶L'úQ\RUXP...133

2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...134

2.4.13. Geldikleri Gibi Giderler...134

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...135 26HQ9DUVÕQ$WDWUN¶P+HUùH\LPL]GH ...135 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...136 2.4.15. Sana Dair...136 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...137 2.DGÕQ+DNODUÕ ...137 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...138 2.4.17. Türk Tiyatrosu ve Atatürk...138 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...139 2.4.18. Mustafa Kemal ...139 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...140 2$WDWUN¶Q6DQDWVHYHUOL÷L ...140 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...141 2.$WDWUN.XUWXOXú6DYDúÕQGD ...142 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...143 2$WDWUN&R÷UDI\D6ÕQDYÕQGD...143 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...144 2.4.22. Kuvay-_{Õ0LOOL\H ...145} 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...145 2.4.23. Cumhuriyet...146 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...146 2'úPDQGDQ.DoÕOPD]...147 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...147

2.4.25. Atatürk Ve Mimar Sinan...148

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...149 2$WDWUN9HøQVDQ+DNODUÕ...149 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...150 22Q.DVÕP ...151 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...151 2$WDWUN+DIWDVÕ ...151 0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...152

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...153 2<LUPL'RNX](NLP&XPKXUL\HW%D\UDPÕ...153 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...153 2.4.31. Atatürk’ün Sesi...153 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...154 2.4.32. Önder Atatürk...154 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...155 2.4.33. Kuvay-Õ0LOOL\H ...155 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...156 2$WDWUNYH(÷LWLP ...157 2.4.34.1. MetnindRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...157 26L]2OVD\GÕQÕ]1H<DSDUGÕQÕ]...157 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...158 2$WDWUN¶Q.DUúÕODúWÕ÷Õ*oONOHU ...158 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...159 2.4.37. AtatürN.XUWXOXú6DYDúÕQGD ...159 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...160 2$WDWUNYH.DGÕQ+DNODUÕ...160 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...161 2.XUWXOXú6DYDúÕYH&XPKXUL\HW...161 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...162

2.4.40. Herkes Sanatkâr Olamaz...163

2_{0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...163} 2.4.41. Atatürk ...163 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...164 2&XPKXUL\HWL2.XUGX%L]<DúDWDFD÷Õ] ...164 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...165 2.4.43. Atatürk Okulu...165 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...166 2$WDWUN¶QdRFXNOX÷X ...166 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...167 2$WDWUN2UPDQdLIWOL÷L¶QLQ+LND\HVL...167 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...168 2$QÕWNDELU¶GH ...168 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...169 2$WDWUN¶WH$÷Do6HYJLVL...169

2.4.48. Atatürk’ün Beyaz Vapuru ...170 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...171 2%LULQFL.DGHPH%HúLQFL6ÕQÕI<D]ÕODUÕ ...171 2.5.1. Atatürk ve Cumhuriyet ...171 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...172 2<DUDOÕ0XVWDID.HPDO...173 2.5.2.1. Metnin ÇRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...173 22Q.DVÕPGD$÷OD\DQdLoHN...173 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...174 2$WDWUN¶Q.DUúÕODúWÕ÷Õ*oONOHU...174 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...175 2.5.5. Atatürk’üm ...175 2.ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...176 2$WDWUNdRFXN2OPXú...176 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...177

2.5.7. Mustafa Kemal Samsun Yolunda...177

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...178 2.5.8. Sana Borçluyuz ...178 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...179 2&XPKXUL\HW$÷DFÕ ...179 2.5.9.1. Metnin dRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...180 2$WDWUN¶Qø÷GH$÷DFÕ ...180 2_{0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...181} 2.5.11. Atatürk’ün+D\DWÕ...181 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...183 2'LO%D\UDPÕ...183 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...184 2%DKVL6HQ.D]DQGÕQ...185 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...185 2.5.14. Atatürk ve(÷LWLP ...186 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...187 2$WDWUNøONHOHUL ...188 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...189 2.5.16. Atatürk ...189 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...190

2%LU&XPKXUL\HWg÷UHWPHQL&HPLOH$\WDo ...192 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...193 2.5.19. Çocuk ve Atatürk...193 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...193 2øON.|\O.DGÕQ0LOOHWYHNLOL...194 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...194

2.5.21. Atatürk’ün Çocuk Sevgisi...195

20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...196 2.5.22. Merhaba Asker ...196 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...197 2$WDWUN¶QdDOÕúPDODUÕ ...197 20HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...198 2$WDWUN¶OH'R÷XúKUUL\HW ...199 2ùLLULQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL...199 2.DGÕQÕQ6HoPHYH6HoLOPH+DNNÕ ...199 2.5.0HWQLQdRFXN(÷LWLPL$oÕVÕQGDQøQFHOHQPHVL ...200 BÖLÜM V 7$57,ù0$...201 BÖLÜM VI 6218d9(g1(5ø/(5 ...203 KAYNAKLAR ...209 EKLER Ek 1. 7h5.0ø//ø(öø7ø0ø1ø1$0$d/$5, ...212 Ek 2. 7h5.0ø//ø(öø7ø0ø1ø17(0(/ø/.(/(5ø...213 Ek 3. ø/.gö5(7ø02.8//$5,1,1(öø7ø09(gö5(7ø0ø/.(/(5ø...215

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1.2. (÷LWLP

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(÷LWLP WRSOXP YH EDúND LQVDQODUÕQ HWNLVL\OH ELU LQVDQÕQ NHQGL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQGD GH÷LúPHOHU PH\GDQD JHWLUPH VUHFLGLU (÷LWLP ELUH\OHUH ELOJL YH EHFHUL ND]DQGÕUPDQÕQ |WHVLQGH WRSOXPXQ \DúDPDVÕQÕ YH NDONÕQPDVÕQÕ GHYDP HWWLUHELOHFHN |OoGH YH QLWHOLNWH GH÷HU UHWPHN PHYFXW GH÷HUOHULQ GD÷ÕOPDVÕQÕ |QOHPHN \HQL YH HVNL GH÷HUOHUL ED÷GDúWÕUPDNVRUXPOXOX÷XWDúÕU9DUÕú5).

(÷LWLP DVOÕQGD EDúNDODUÕQÕQ HWNLVL\OH LQVDQÕQ NHQGL GDYUDQÕúÕQGD GH÷LúPHOHU ROXúWXUPDVÕGHPHNWLU%|\OHELUROXúXPLQVDQÕQGR÷XPXQGDQ|OPQHNDGDUWP\DúDP ER\XVUHQELUROXúXPGXU$QFDNH÷LWLPGHQGL÷LQGHoR÷XQOXNODEXGHQOLJHQHOYHJHQLú

X÷UDúÕU+HUJHUHNVLQPHRUWD\DoÕNWÕ÷ÕQGDEXQXQRUWDGDQNDOGÕUÕOPDVÕLQVDQLoLQELUDPDo ROXU%XDPDFDXODúPDGDLQVDQÕQ\Hterli bilgisi, becerisi varsa, sorunu çözmek için olumlu WXWXP LoHULVLQGH LVH RQD \DUGÕPD JHUHN \RNWXU $PD LQVDQDPDFÕQDXODúDFDN\Hterlilikte GH÷LOVHRQXQEXVRUXQXQXo|]HELOPHVLQH\DUGÕPHGHFHNELOJLEHFHULYHWXWXPXND]DQPDVÕ gerekir.

øQVDQ NDUúÕODúWÕ÷Õ VRUXQODUÕ o|]PH\H JHUHNOL |÷UHQPH\L NHQGL NHQGLQH KHU ]DPDQ \DSDPD] %XQXQ LoLQ EDúNDODUÕQÕQ NHQGLQH ED]Õ \HWHUOLOLNOHUL ND]DQGÕUPDVÕQÕ LVWHU %LOLQPH\HQLQELOHQGHQ|÷UHQLOPHVLQHEX\]GHQJHUHNOLOLNGX\XOXU%LOHQNLúLQLQELOPH\HQ NLúL\H belli yeterliOLNOHUL ND]DQGÕUPD\D oDOÕúPDVÕ GDKD |QFHGHQ LQFHGHQ LQFH\H GúQOPú SODQODQPÕú ELU |÷UHWPH-|÷UHQPH RUWDPÕQÕQ \DUDWÕOPDVÕQÕ EX RUWDPGD |÷UHQPHQLQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQLJHUHNWLULUEXWU|÷UHWPH-|÷UHQPHVUHFLQHSODQOÕH÷LWLP GHQLU%DúDUDQ

1.3. dRFXN(÷LWLPL

$LOH oRFXNODUÕQ LON H÷LWLPOHULQL DOGÕNODUÕ \HUGLU $LOH LoLQGH NDUúÕOÕNOÕ VHYJL YH DQOD\Õú GHPRNUDVL WHUEL\HVLQLQ ELUH\H ND]DQGÕUÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDGD E\N ELU |QHP DU] etmektedir. Sevgisiz manevi olarak tatmin edilmeden büyüyen gençlere demokrasi WHUEL\HVL GH YHULOHPHPHNWHGLU %X JHQoOHU GDKD oRN WHSNLFL GDYUDQÕúODUD VUNOHQPHNWH WRSOXPGD GD VRV\DO NDEXO J|UPú GH÷HUOHUH VDYDú DoDUDN LWLEDU YH VWDW ND]DQDFDNODUÕQÕ zannetmektedirler.

dRFXNWD VD÷ODP ELU |] NLPOLN GX\JXVX DQFDN GHQJHOL VÕFDN DQODPOÕ VD\JÕ gösterilen, sorumluluk YHULOHQ oRFXNODUGD JHOLúHELOLUdRFXN DúÕUÕ WHQNLW HGLOLUVH DúÕUÕ VXoODPDNDUúÕVÕQGDNDOÕUVDVDOGÕUJDQOÕ÷ÕNÕQDQDUDN\DúDUVDSÕVÕUÕNROPD\ÕKRúJ|ULoLQGH \DúDUVDVDEÕUOÕROPD\ÕVHYJLLoLQGH\DúDUVDJYHQPH\L|÷renir (Büyükkaragöz, 1998, 32).

1.3.1. Okul D|QHPLdRFXN(÷LWLPL

g÷UHQFLQLQ WP GX\JXODUÕQÕ VD÷OÕNOÕ ELU ELoLPGHNXOODQDELOPHVL EDúNDODUÕ\OD NROD\ HWNLOHúLPH JLUHELOPHVL NHQGLVLQL GDKD L\L WDQÕ\DELOPHVL GDKD L\L NDUDUODU YHUHELOPHVL IL]LNVHO ELOLúVHO HVWHWLN VRV\DO YH GX\JXVDO DoÕGDQ JHOLúHELOPHVL |QHPOLGLU *HúWDOW WHRULQLQ WHPHO WDúÕQÕ ROXúWXUDQ ELU LONH\H J|UH ³%WQ SDUoDODUÕQ WRSODPÕQGDQ IDUNOÕGÕU´ %LUH\ELUEWQGUYHELUEWQRODUDNHOHDOÕQPDOÕGÕU %LUH\LQELUEWQROPDVÕ

LVWHQLOHQ ELU GXUXP GH÷LOVH JHOLúLPL GH ELU \|QO RODUDN HOH DOÕS LQFHOHPHN GR÷UX GH÷LOGLU 7HN \|QO EHVOHQPH QDVÕO PHWDEROL]PD ]HULQGH ROXPVX] HWNLOHU ROXúWXUX\RUVD WHN \|QO JHOLúLP DQOD\ÕúÕ GD JHOLúLP YH NHQGLQL JHUoHNOHúWLUPH ]HULQGH ROXPVX]OXNODU yaratabilir. %LUH\ IL]LNVHO VRV\DO ELOLúVHO EHQOLN YH NDUL\HU JHOLúLP DODQODUÕ LOH ELUOLNWH GúQOPHOLGLU

+HUELUH\LQLOJLLVWHNYH\HWHQHNOHULQHX\JXQELUDODQYHH÷LWLPSURJUDPÕYDUGÕU%X DQOD\Õú ELUH\VHO SRWDQVL\HOLQ oHúLWOL \|QOHUGHQ ELUH\ YH WRSOXP LoLQ HQ X\JXQ úHNLOGH JHOLúWLULOPHVLQH \|QHOLN ROXS NDONÕQPD ]HQJLQOHúPH GDKD ID]OD JHOLU GDKD L\L Lú VD÷ODPD\ÕDPDoODPDNWDGÕU%XGDoRFXNODUÕQYHJHQoOHULQDNDGHPLNEDúDUÕODUÕ\HWHQHNOHUL LOJLOHULNLúLOLN|]HOOLNOHULGR÷UXOWXVXQGDoHúLWOLSURJUDPODUD\|QHOWLOHUHN\HWLúWLULOPHOHUL\OH VD÷ODQDELOLU%XQXQLoLQGLUNLH÷LWLPVLVWHPLQLQ|QHPOLGH÷LúNHQOHULQGHQRODQ\|QOHQGLUPH VUHFLQLQELUH\YHWRSOXP\DúDPÕQGDNL|QHPL\DGVÕQDPD] (Gysebers ve Henderson, 2000). %LOLúVHO JHOLúLP oRFXNODUÕQ QDVÕO GúQG÷ YH |÷UHQGL÷L LOH LOJLOLGLU Ö÷UHWPHQ oRFXNODUÕQ QDVÕO |÷UHQGL÷L |÷UHQPH YH |÷UHWPHGH |÷UHQPH WHRULOHULQLQ X\JXODQPDVÕ |÷UHWPHYH|÷UHQPHVWLOOHULQLQHúOHúWLULOPHVLQLELOLU. øON|÷UHWLPGHoRFXNODUÕQ\DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQ oR÷XELOLúVHOJHOLúLPLDODQÕQDD\UÕOÕU g÷UHWPHQOHUELOLúVHOJHOLúLPDODQÕQÕQ H÷LWLPVUHFLQGH HQ oRN ]HULQGH GXUXOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ ER\XW ROGX÷XQD LQDQÕU %X NÕVPHQ GR÷UX ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQELOLúVHOJHOLúLPDODQÕJHOLúWLULOPHVLJHUHNHQEHúDODQGDQELULGLU

dRFX÷XQ oHYUHVL\OH HWNLOL LOHWLúLP NXUPDVÕ ED]Õ EHFHULOHULQ ND]DQGÕUÕOPDVÕ LOH mümkündür. %XEHFHULOHUGHQED]ÕODUÕúXQODUGÕU 'úQPHEHFHULOHULQLHWNLOLNXOODQPDELOJL LúOHPH\LHWNLOL \DSDELOPH GDKD L\LGLQOHPHNHQGL GHQH\LP YH ELOJLOHULQL DoÕNOD\DELOPH NHQGLGúQFHOHULQLLIDGHHGHELOPHJHULELOGLULPYHUPHNDUDUYHUPHEHFHULOHULYEGLU

3LDJHW¶LQ ELOLúVHO JHOLúLP HYUHOHULQLQ |]HOOLNOHUL JHOLúWLULOHFHN EHFHULOHULQ WDQÕPODQPDVÕQGD \RO J|VWHULFL RODELOLU øON|÷UHWLPLQ LON \ÕOODUÕ oRFX÷XQ LúOHP |QFHVL G|QHPGHQVRPXW LúOHPOHU G|QHPLQH JHoWL÷L\ÕOODUGÕU Ortalama olaraNoRFXNODUÕQ 66’VÕ \D GD ¶LQLQ VRPXW LúOHPOHU G|QHPL |]HOOLNOHULQL J|VWHUGL÷L V|\OHQLU %DFDQOÕ  6RPXW LúOHPOHU G|QHPLQH JHoLúWH oRFXNODUÕQ ELU NÕVPÕ LúOHP |QFHVL G|QHPLQ ED]Õ özelliklerini gösterebilir. %X G|QHPGH oRFX÷XQ GúQPH VUHFLQGH G|UW EORN GH÷LúNHQ görülebilir. Bunlar:

• Ben merkezcilikdRFX÷XQGL÷HUOHULQLQEDNÕúDoÕVÕQÕJ|UHPHPHVL • Odaklanma: dRFX÷XQSUREOHPLQELUDODQÕQDoRk fazla yönelmesi

• Tersinebilirlik: dR÷XQELULúOHPLWHUVLQGHQHOHDODPDPDVÕLOHJ|]OHQLU Yani 7 kere µLQHWWL÷LELOLQLUDPDNHUH¶QLQGHD\QÕVRQXFXYHUHFH÷LKHQ]DQODúÕODPD]

• '|QúWUPH 2OD\ODUÕROXúVÕUDVÕQDJ|UHNR\DPDPD

g]HOOLNOH LON|÷retim de, VÕQÕI |÷UHWPHQOHUL YH EUDQú |÷UHWPHQOHUL Lú ELUOL÷L LoLQGH oDOÕúPDOÕGÕU g÷UHWPHQ oRFXNODUÕQ JHOLúLP DODQODUÕ\OD LOJLOL ER\XWODUÕQ JHOLúWLULOPHVLQGH VLVWHPLQ\XPXúDNNDUQÕGÕU(Myrick, 1997g÷UHWPHQEHQOLNNDYUDPÕ\ODLOJLOLGDYUDQÕúODUÕ WDQÕUVDEXGDYUDQÕúODUÕJ|UPHYHSHNLúWLUPHVUHFLQGHLVWHNOLGDYUDQÕU

%HQOLNNDYUDPÕJHOLúLPLGX\JXODUÕQÕLIDGHHWPHNRUNXLVWHNEDúDUÕJoO\DQODU \HWHQHNOHUEDúDUÕVÕ]OÕNODU\HQLEHQOLNLPDMÕ\DUDWPDRGDNODQPDROXPOXGúQPHNDUDU verme, olumlu beQOLNVD\JÕVÕQÕDUWÕUPDGH÷HUOHUNLúLRODUDNELULFLNOL÷LQHLQDQPDVRUXPOXN YH ED÷OÕOÕN GX\JXVX YE LOH LOLúNLOLGLU %X |]HOOLNOHULQ JHOLúLPLQH RNXOGDNL etkinlikler |QHPOL NDWNÕODUGD EXOXQXU gQHPOL RODQ EHQOLN NDYUDPÕ JHOLúLP DODQÕQÕQ LúDUHWoLVL RODQ iKWL\DoODU YH JHOLúWLULOPHVL JHUHNHQ EHFHULOHULQ JQGHPH JHWLULOPHVL GDYUDQÕú RODUDN HOH DOÕQPDVÕ JQGHPGH WXWXOPDVÕ YH LOJLOL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ ND]DQGÕUÕOPDVÕQÕ |UQHNOH\HQ \DúDQWÕODUÕQ ROXúWXUXOPDVÕGÕU %X QRNWDQÕQ JQGHPH JHWLULOPHVL YH JQGHPGH WXWXOPDVÕ rHKEHU|÷UHWPHQLQJ|UHYOHULDUDVÕQGD\HUDOPDNWDGÕU

%HQOLN NDYUDPÕ\OD LOJLOL RODUDN oRFXNODUÕQ úX GDYUDQÕúODUÕ ND]DQPDODUÕ EHNOHQLU (Worzbyt ve O’Rourke, 1999, 218 %HQOL÷LQL DQODPD YH ELOPH NHQGLQL NDEXOOHQPH NLúLVHO ELU GH÷HUH VDKLS ROPD ELULQLQ \HWHUOL÷LQH LQDQPD NHQGLQH JYHQPH JHOLúLP J|UHYOHUL\OHLOJLOLVRUXQODUÕo|]HELOPHNHQGLQL\|QOHQGLUPHVHoHQHNOHULJ|UPHNDUDUDOPD YHDOÕQDQNDUDUODULoLQVRUXPOXOXNJHOLúWLUPH\DQOÕúNDYUDPYHNDQÕODUÕGH÷LúWLUHELOPHYH GX\JXVDOGX\DUOÕNND]DQPDYEdir.

dRFXNODUNHQGLOHULQLDQOD\DUDNYHNHQGLOHULQLQIDUNÕQGDRODUDN\HWLúLUOHUVHROXPOX ELU EHQOLN JHOLúWLUHELOLUOHU dRFXNODU NHQGLOHULQL EDúNDODUÕQÕQ J|UG÷ JLEL J|UPHPHOLGLU çünkü onODUÕQ GH÷HUOHUL IDUNOÕ RODELOLU *HQHO RODUDN NHQGLQLQ IDUNÕQGD ROPa oldukça VDELWWLUEX\]GHQGHYDPOÕRODUDNROXPOXJHULELOGLULPOHUGHEXOXQPDNVÕUDGDQNRPSOLPDQ yapmaktan oldukça etkilidir ve yHWLúNLQOHUHUJHQOLNG|QHPLQGHQ|QFHNLoRFXNODUÕHUJHQOLN dönemindeki çocuklardan daha kolay etkileyebilirler; çünkü ergenlik dönemindekiler daha oRN\DúÕWODUÕQÕQILNLUOHULQH|QHPYHULUNHQoRFXNODU\HWLúNLQOHULQILNLUlerine daha fazla önem verirler (Beana ve Lipka, 1980).

2NXOoRFXNODUDGDKDROXPOXEHQOLNNDYUDPÕJHOLúWLUPHOHULQH\DUGÕPGD\DúDPVDOELU EXJHOLúLPOHLOJLOLDOJÕODQDQoGDYUDQÕú]HULQGHGXUPDNWDGÕU

.LúLVHORODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLUPH]HULQGHGXUPDNYHIDUNHWWLUPHN <DúDPYHGL÷HULQVDQODUKDNNÕQGDROXPOXGúQFHOHUJHOLúWLUPHN 'L÷HUOHULQLGLNNDWHDOPDGDYUDQÕúÕQÕJHOLúWLUPHN:UHQQ

2NXOXQ|QHPOLDPDoODUÕQGDQELUL|÷UHQFLOHULQNHQGLOHULQLL\LKLVVHWPHOHULQH\DUGÕPFÕ ROPDNWÕU 2NXOGD |÷UHQFLQLQ NHQGLVLQLL\L KLVVHWPHVLNHQGLOL÷LQGHQ RODELOHFHN ELU GXUXP GH÷LOGLUg÷UHQFLOHULQRNXOXGHUVOHULYHNHQGLOHULQLGH÷HUOLJ|UPHOHUL|÷UHWLPHWNinlikleri VÕUDVÕQGD SHNLúWLUHçlerin etkiVL\OH JHUoHNOHúLU g]\UHN  144). g÷UHWPHQOHU oRFXNODUÕQN|WGDYUDQPDODUÕQÕEHNOH\LSRQODUÕX\DUPDNLoLQGH÷LOL\LGDYUDQÕUODUNHQL\L GDYUDQÕúÕ EXOXS SHNLúWLUPHN LoLQ RUDGDGÕUODU Bu tür uygulamalar okul içi YH GÕúÕQGD \DúDQDQ oR÷X VRUXQXQ HQJHOOHQPHVLQL VD÷ODU &OHPHV YH %HDQ¶D  J|UH oRFXNODUÕQ EHQOLNVD\JÕVÕQÕ dört faktör etkilemektedir .

Bunlar:

%D÷ODQWÕODUdRFX÷XQEDúNDODUÕ\ODROXPOXLOLúNLOHUNXUPDVÕYHEDúNDODUÕQÕQEXQX RQD\OD\ÕS VD\JÕ GX\PDVÕ DLWOLN GX\JXVXQXQ JHOLúPHNWH ROGX÷XQXQ ELU J|VWHUJHVLGLU %X GXUXPVÕQÕILoLQGHJUXSoDOÕúPDODUÕQGDNLHWNLOHúLPLQGHQHWNLOHQLU

2. Biriciklik: dRFXNODU NHQGL |]HO JF YH |]HOOLNOHUL GL÷HUOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ IDUN HGLOGL÷LQGH NHQGLOHULQLQ HVNLOHULQ GHGL÷L JLEL ³QHY¶L úDKVÕQD PQKDVÕU´ ROGXNODUÕQÕ hissederler. Bütün çocuklar özel olma, tek olma duygusuna ihtiyaç duyarlar. Çocuklar NDUDNWHULVWLN|]HOOLNOHUL\OHGL÷HUOHULWDUDIÕQGDQIDUNHGLOPHNWHQHWNLOHQLU

3. Güç: dRFXNNHQGLNHQGLQL\|QHWWL÷LGX\JXVXQXGDYUDQÕúODUÕLOH\DúDPDOÕGÕU Çocuk \DúDPÕQGDNL \ROX GHYDP HWWLUHELOPHN DPDFÕ\OD NXOODQGÕ÷Õ NLúLVHO JFQ GDYUDQÕúODU RODUDN NXOODQGÕ÷Õ ]DPDQ KLVVHGHELOLU dRFXN \DúDPÕQÕ GHYDP HWWLUHQ \|QOHQGLUHQ NLúLVHO JFHLQDQPDOÕGÕU

4. Model olma: Çocuk için, örneN ROPD GLNNDWH DOÕQPD |UQHN J|VWHULOPH ROGXNoD önemlidir.

GHOLúWLULOPHVLJHUHNHQEHFHULOHU

Dinleme becerileri: dRFXNODUÕQ E\N oR÷XQOX÷X RNXOGDNL WP JQQ GLQOHPH\H D\ÕUÕUNHQ SHN D]Õ GLQOHPH EHFHULOHULQL JHOLúWLUPH NRQXVXQGD \DUGÕP DOÕUODU Dinleme EHFHULOHULQLJHOLúWLUPH\H\|QHOLNDNWLYLWHOHUH÷OHQFHOLRODELOLUVRV\DOEHFHUL\LJHOLúWLULUYH DNDGHPLNEDúDUÕ\ÕDUWÕUÕU

'úQPHEHFHULOHUL dRFXNODURNXOGDEDúDUÕOÕROPDNLoLQDQDOL]HWPHDNÕO\UWPH YH SUREOHP o|]PH JLEL VW G]H\ ELOLúVHO EHFHULOHre gereksinim duyarlar. 'úQPH EHFHULOHULHQEDVLWWHQHQ]RUDGR÷UXJHOLúWLULOPHOLGLU

øúOHP EHFHULOHUL dRFXNODU DOGÕNODUÕ ELOJLOHUL LKWL\DoODUÕQD J|UH NXOODQDELOPH becerilerine ihtiyaç duyarlar. %XEHFHULOHUSUDWLN\DSPDNODJHOLúWLULOHELOLU

Kendini ifade etme becerileri: _{7PoRFXNODU\D]ÕOÕYHV|]OELoLPOHUGHNHQGLQLLIDGH} HWPH LoLQ IÕUVDWODUD VDKLS ROPD LKWL\DFÕ GX\DUODU <D]PD YH RNXPD GDYUDQÕúÕQÕQ JHOLúWLULOPHVLNHQGLQLLIDGHHWPHGDYUDQÕúÕQÕWHWLNOHU

Hedef belirleme ve karar verme becerileri: Hedef belirleme ve karar verme EHFHULOHULQLQDQDRNXOXQGDQLWLEDUHQJHOLúWLULOPH\HoDOÕúÕOPDOÕGÕUdRFXNODU\DúODUÕQDX\JXQ düzeyde hedef belirleme ve karar verPHVUHoOHULQL\DúDPDOÕGÕU%DQGXUD).

1.3.1.1.øON|÷UHWLP,.DGHPHdeki dRFXNODUÕQg]HOOLkleri

(÷LWLP YH |÷UHWLP NLúLQLQ JHOLúPHVLQH NDWNÕGD EXOXQGXNODUÕ |OoGH GH÷HU WDúÕU øON|÷UHWLPHLONEDúOD\DQELUoRFX÷XQEXG|QHPGHLKWL\DFÕRODQúH\VD\IDODUGROXVXELOJL \Õ÷ÕQÕGH÷LOGLURELOJLOHULDODELOHFHNYHKD]PHGHELOHFHNELU]LKLQROJXQOX÷XQDHULúPHNWLU %X ROJXQOX÷D HULúPHGH DQQH EDED\D |÷UHWPHQH oRN ID]OD VRUXPOXOXN GúPHNWHGLU %X VRUXPOXOXN \HULQH JHWLULOLUNHQ oRFX÷XQ JHOLúLP |]HOOLNOHUL VUHNOL J|] |QQGH EXOXQGXUXOPDOÕGÕU =LUD H÷LWLP KHU úH\GHQ |QFH H÷LWLOHFHN ELUH\L WDQÕPDNOD LúH EDúODPDNWÕU

øON|÷UHWLPLQ LON \ÕOODUÕQGD oRFXNODUÕQ E\PH KÕ]ÕQGD JLWWLNoH DUWDQ ELU \DYDúODPD ROPDVÕQDNDUúÕOÕNRQ\DúODUÕQDGR÷UXYFXWEL\RNLP\DVÕQGDNLIDUNOÕODúPDODUDED÷OÕRODUDN |]HOOLNOHNÕ]oRFXNODUÕQGDDQLELUER\DUWÕúÕ\DQÕQGDFLQVL\HW|]HOOLNOHULQin de belirmeye EDúODGÕ÷ÕJ|UOU(UNHNoRFXNWDQGRNX]-RQ\DúODUÕQDNDGDUNÕ]ODUGDQELUD]GDKDX]XQYH GDKD LUL ELU EHGHQH VDKLS ROPDODUÕQD NDUúÕOÕN LON|÷UHWLP , NDGHPHQLQ VRQ \ÕOODUÕQGD NÕ]ODUGDQ GDKD XIDN ELU J|UQPH EUQUOHU $QFDN NÕ]ODUGDQ GDKD hareketlidirler ve bedensel güce dayanan faaliyetleri daha fazla tercih ederler. Motor yeteneklerde, okul |QFHVL G|QHPH RUDQOD KHU LNL FLQVWH GH JHOLúPH J|]OHQLU øON|÷UHWLP oRFXNODUÕ UDKDWOÕNOD NRúDUWÕUPDQÕU|]HOOLNOHLON|÷UHWLPLQLONo\ÕOÕQGD\UPHNRúPDNDEDPRWRUNRQWUROQ JHUHNWLUHQ EHFHULOHULQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQGH KLoELU VRUXQ ROPDPDVÕQD NDUúÕOÕN |]HOOLNOH HUNHNoRFXNODUÕQLQFHPRWRUNDVODUÕQNRRUGLQDV\RQXQGDVRUXQODUÕYDUGÕU%XQHGHQOHoRN

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