Başlık: EIMERIA ARLOINGI (MAROTEL, 1905) MARTIN 1909 IN ANGORA GOATSYazar(lar):SAYIN, F.Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3 DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002104 Yayın Tarihi: 1965 PDF

University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Protozaology, Arthropodology and Control of Parasitic Diseases

EIMERIA ARLOINGI (MAROTEL, 1905) MARTIN

1909 IN ANGORA GOATS

Fahri Sayın •

In the other reports 17,LS the author indieates the absenee of

literature concerning eoeeidia and coecidial infeetions in Angora goats and mentioncd the incidence and danger of eoeeidiosis in thcse animals in Turkey. He also presentcd findings relative to the life cycle and patogcnieity of Eimeria parval7 and the cndogenous phase of the life history of Eimeria nina - kohl - yakimovils. The present report is eoncerned with the findings relative to the endogcnous stage of Eimeria arloingi and its ooeysts in a kid of Angora goat.

Eimeria arloingi was originaııy described from a goat under the name "Coeeidium arloingi"14. Sinee then it has be en reported from sheep and goats in various eountries 1,2,3,5,6,S, 9,

14,15,20,21inc-luding Turkey 16,17.Vet the detailed deseription of its ooeysts has been given i,3,9,17,20.Levine et al9 and Lotze 13 gave an exeeııent

review of literature on the speeies and diseused the idcntity of Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria faurei of sheep and goats. The life cycle and pathogenieity of this speeies were studied in sheep 10,11 but only the endogenous phase of its life history was described in ordinary goats.9

No data on its pathogenieity and endogenous stage in Angora goats is available.

Material and Methods

In May, i963 several new bom kids of Angora goats were pur-ehased from LalahanAnimal Breeding Researeh Institute to study the pathogenieity and endogenous phasc of the life history of Eimeria parva experimentaııy. Three of the kids beeame ill approximately three weeks before the begining of the experiment and began to

dis-• Ass. Prof. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Protozoology,

Eimeria arloingi in Angora Goats 209

eharge watery feees and the ooeysts of Eimeria. The ooeysts

shed by one of the kidswere pure and were identified as

Ei-meria arloingi (Marotel, i905) Martin, i909. Those exereted by the other two kids consistep of the ooeysts of Eimeria ahsata, Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria nina-kohl- yakimovi, The kid expeIled pure ooeysts of Eimeria arloingi was saerified to study the endogenous phase of life history of the eoeeidian parasite, Eimeria arloingi, and the changes in the alimentary traet of the animaL. Portion of the intestine and other organs were fixed in Lo

%

sample was prepared for further study. Feeal sample was mixed

with 2.5 per cent Potassium Dichromate salution and placed in

a thin layer in a Petri dish for 2 weeks to permit the eoeeidian ooeysts

to sporulate. it was then stored in the refrigerator. The oocysts were coneentratedby flotation with Sheather's sugar solution prior to examination. They were examined with a Leitz mieroscope equipped with apochramatie objeetives. The pietures of the parasite were taken with Beek mierophotography apparatus.

Results

This was not only the ease that Eimeria arloingi oeeurred in the kids of Angora goats, but also the same speeies was seen on subsequent examination of feeal samplcs from other Angora goats in the herds in the vieinity of Ankara. Sinee there is no deseription of the ooeysts of Eimeria arloingi from Angora goats these are given here.

"

The ooeysts of this speeies were elipsoidal or ovoid, slightly flat-tened at the mieropylar end (fig. ı). Twenty five ooeysts measured

from eaeh of the samples obtained from 5 different Angora

goats. They were found to be 22 to 33 (mean 29) mierons in length and 18to 26 (mean 23) mierons in width. Their length - width ratios ranged from ı. 2 to ı. 5 'Yith a mean of ı. 4. Ooeysts waIl eomposed

of two layers, the outcr one smooth, eolorless and the inner one bro-winish yellow. it was 1,3 mierons thiek. A mieropyle was present at the smaIl end of ooeyst and it was eovered by a prominent, colorless mound - shaped mieropylar eap. The mieropylar caps of 129

oocy-sts ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 mierons high by 5 to 9.15 microns wide.

Sporulation time was 60 hours at a tempareture of 20 Ccntigrate

degrees. Oocyst polar granule was present, but residual body was absent. Sporocysts were alongate ovoid in shape and measured 13 to i7 by 7 to 9 microns with a means of 14. 2by 7. 7 microns. Their

210 Fahri Sayın

lcngth - width ratios rangcd from 1. 8 to 2. 4. Sporocyst rcsidiums

wcre present (fig. 2).

This species of Eimeria was found to be present İn 6r6 (77 %) out of goo Angora goats wich werc front vicinity of Ankara.

Pathologie eahanges:

The gross lesions in the intestine consisted of numerous diffusely scattercd, pale - yellow to white focal plaques approximately o. 3 to 'o.

'4

distİnc and irregular in outline. In addition, the presence of few smaIl, slightly haemorrhagic are as scattered troııghout the lining of the smaIl intestinc was observed. The faeces of the kid was watery and did not contain blood.

Sections ofsmallintestine, cecum and colon were examİned. Slight enteritis was presenL The cellular reaction consisted of lymphocy-tes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The parasite destroyed the epithelial cells in which they developed and caused the denlidation of lamina epitheliaris. Numerous mature coccidian macrogametes, microgametocytes, schizonts and oocysts were present in the epit-hclial eells of the villi of the jejunum and ileum. The epithelial eells at the tips of the villi were more commonly parasitized by the sexual stages than were the eells at the edges of the villi. Those in the glands of Lieberkühn also eontained many parasites. The lacteals of some villi were greatly dilated and contained giant schzonts.

Endogenous phases:

Onlyone type of schizont (giant.) was present (fig. 3). They were seen in the ileum and mostly did not reach their maturity. Eaeh had approximately invaded an enlarged eell either attaehed to the 'endothelial lining of the central" laeteals of the villi or detaehed and lay free in the lumen of lacteal, enlarging it tremendously. These schizonts -measured up to 14°.5 by roo mierons in diameters.

Parasites in various stages of development, from that of gametocy-teş to apparently mature oocysts, were found in epithelial eclIs of the smail inte,stine of the kid. The plaqucs in the smaIl intestine consis-ted essentially of the masses of maerogametes, microgametocytes and - 'young oocysts in the cpithclial eeIls of the tips and sides of the villi

andaıso in the erypts (fig. 4, 5).

Many mature and immature maerogametes wc re presenL Eaeh

of immature macrogametes eontained a single nucleus and the eytop-lasm of each was somewhat granular in appearenee (fig.6). In the

Eimcria arloingi in Angora Goats 211

matüre maerogametes there were large numbers of eosinophilie,

plastie granules and they were arranged in close eontaet with eaeh other in the periphery of the parasite' (fig. 7). Mature maerogametes measured 18 to 29 by 22.2 to 14.8 mierons.

Only mature mierogametoeytes wcre found in the seetions

(fig. 8). They were measured 15 to 23 by ıo to 14 mierons. In these mierogametoeytes, the mierogametes were slcnder and clongate in shape. A large mass of apparent residual material was usually pre-sent in eaeh mature mierogametoeyte.

The apparently mature ooeysts eontained well developed memb-ranes and their eytoplasm was finely granular (fig. 9). The ooeysts found in the histologie seetions did not have polar eap, but those ob-served in the frcsh smears posscssed it. The ooeysts measured i8 to '27 by i i to 16 mierons.

Discussions

Although the kid shed the pure ooeysts of Eimeria arloingi, one may think that the endogenous phase described here does not necessa--rily bclong to that species.

The sehizonts, macrogametoeytes, microgametoeytes and ooc-ysts described in this report were not similar neither in morphology nor in location to those reported from ordinary goats1, Angora goats 18

and sheep12 for Eimeria nina-kohl - yakimovi. They did not resemble

cither to the asexual and sexual forms which have been reported from sheep 4,7,9 for Eimeria parva and Eimeria ahsata and from Angora

goats 17 for Eimeria parva.

The sehizonts described from the Angora kid İn this report were .similar both in morphology and in locatio n to those reported from ordinary kİd9 and from sheep 10 for Eİmerİa arloİngi. The schizonts

reported from the Angora kid and from sheepaproximately had the same size, but the sehizonts found in ordinary goats were larger than thesc. However there was no fully mature sehizont among those mea-sured from the sections of the İntestine of the Angora kid.

The macrogametes, mİcrogametoeytes and young oocysts found İn the present seetions were also similar wİth respeet to their sizes, morphologİes and locatioııs in the tissues to those deserİbeb by Levine et al9 for Eimaria arloingi in ordinary goats and by lotze 10 in sheep.

Sumınary

Ooeysts of Eimeria arloingi were found in the feces of an Angora kid wİth lesion of eoccidiosis in the small intestine. The ooeyst was

212 Fahri Sa~n

described in detai!.. The oocysts of Eimeria arloingi were found in .the feces of 616 ( 77 %) out of 900 Angora goats.

Endogenous phase in the smail intestine included schizonts, macrogametes, microgametocytes and oocysts in the epithelial cells. These were also described in the report.

Özet

Eimeria parva'nın biyoloji ve patojenitesini incelemek üzere Lalahan Üretme Çiftliğinden, deney hayvanı olarak, alınan tiftik keçisi oğlak-larından 3 ünde tabii coccidiosis zuhur etmiştir. Yap.ılan gaita mua-yenesinde, bu oğlaklardan birinde sadece Eimeria .arloingi oocyst-leri tesbit edilmiştir. Diğer ikisinde ise Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria ahsata ve Eimeria nina - kohl - yakimovi bulunmuştur. Mevcut litera-türlere göre tiftik keçilerinde Eimeria arloingi'nin organizmadaki gelişme sahfası incelenmemiş olduğundan, gaitasında saf Eimeria arloingi oocystleri tesbit edilen oğlak öldürülmüş ve üzerinde gerekli incelemeler yapılmıştır.

Gaitada görülen oocyst'lerin şekli elipsoidal veya tavuk yumur-tasına benzer. Uzunlukları 22 - 23 (ortalama 29) mikron, genişlikleri 18 - 26 (ortalama 23) mikrondur. Oocysr'ler çift cıdarlıdır. İnce ku-tuplarında birer mikropil ve bunun üzerini örten kubbe şeklinde bir kep mevcuttur. Oocyst'in içinde protoplasma artığı yoktur, fakat kutup granulü vardır. Sporlanma müddetleri 20 C. derecede 60 saat-tir. Sporocyst'ler uzundur ve içerlerinde protoplasma artığı mev-cuttur. 900 tiftik keçisinden 6r6 ( 77 %)sında bu türü n oocystleri . bulunmuştur.

Öldürülen oğlağın ince barsak mukozasında serpilmiş manzara-da, soluk sarı renkte, takriben o. 3-0.4 mm. çapınmanzara-da, kenarları bariz ve gayri muntazam olarak hudutlanmış fuaycler görülmüştür. Barsak mukozasında .yer yer kanlanmış sahalar tesbit edilmesine rağmen kanamaya rastlanmamıştır. Gaitanın sulu bir kıvamda bulunduğu müşahede edilmiştir.

İnce barsak mukozasından yapılan taze frotilerde schizont, macrogamete, microgametocyte ve genç oocystler görülmüştür. İnce barsakta viIli intestinalis'lerin kilus kanallarında bulunan dev schi-.zontların büyüklükleri i00 X i40.4 mikron olarak tesbit

edilmiş-lerdir. Yine villi intestinalislerin tepe ve yanlarını kaplayan sathi epital hücreleri içerisinde bulunan macrogamet'lerin ebatları 18 - 29 x 22.2 - 14.8 mikron, microgametocyte'lerinki 15 - 23 x ıo - 14 mikron, genç oocyst'lerinki ise 18 - 27 X rı - 16 mikron olarak bulunmuştur.

Eimcria arloingi in Angora Goats

References

213

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if

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~f

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Received Sept., 17. 9. 1965

;.:

Eimeria arloingi in Angora Goats

Fig. 2 - Sporulatcd oocyst of Eimeria arloingi.

Fig. 3 - Ciaİlt schizont of Eimeria arlongi.

;215

:..:

ı

:

216 Fahri Sayın

Fig. 4 -Macrogametes and microgametocytcs ın the epiıhelia\ eclls of the tip and

side of the ""illi.

Eirneria arloingi in Angora Goals

! ;~.

Fig. 6 - Irnrnaturc rnacrogarnetcs of Eirneria arloingi (Ma).

Fig. 7 - Mature rnacrogarnetes of Eirneria arloingi (Ma).

217

218. - Fahrİ Sayın

Fig. 8. Mature microgamctocyte (Mi), macrogamctes (Ma) and youngoocysts (o) of Eimeria arloingi.