Müşterekler Nedir? Doğal, Kentsel, Sosyal Müşterekler ve Kentsel Toplumsal Hareketlere Etkileri Üzerine

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Teoriden Mücadeleye Müşterekler Siyaseti

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Müşterekler Nedir?

Doğal, Kentsel, Sosyal

Müşterekler ve Kentsel

Toplumsal Hareketlere

Etkileri Üzerine

Bülent Duru

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I. Yeni bir kavram: Müşterekler

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II. Türkiye’de müşterekler

B^hfkalPdln egcmhn bkbelckjdljn Zln 6bcmjign cîfkalen d^[ljkjdljn fmimjn ckhmbim e`RhmfimhgjnTjlcikn\Ti^c^j^jnS/i/ndlZilelnmkenìcmbgWn`hcmjimhgjnXThlQln\â^f alhn fmRimcmbgWn emhkSkWn Q`VhmHkn Zln fîe^hlin mYgdmjn XlYk]n îflbkn T[liikVkn em]gcmbgW fljeil]cln b^hlQkjkjn dlZmcn ldka`hn ìcmbgWn d`VmiWn amRman amn dmn fîe^hlin ìb_j c^]elhlfilhkjnX^Yi^n\khnalhne_ecmbgjgjnZln\_jdmjnfmajmfimjmjnb`h_jimhgjnjkQlikf ZlnjkelikfblinìmhmfnTjlckjknmheghcmbgjgjnjldljilhkjdljnbmagim\kikhUnOkhm[ndmSmnmYgf \kYkcdln\likheclfnXlhlfkhblnThjlVkjndlZilelnmkenmhm[kilhkjnY`fi_V_WnXlQlf`jd_dmj fljeblindTj^]^clnc^]elhlfilhkjn`dmVgjdmn\_i_jd_V_nRlfnY`fnb`h_jnamhmecg]W `hcmjimhnljlh=knZlnf`j_enblfeThilhkjQln[mhmhnXThclaln\m]imcg]WoemhkSknZlnfîe^hli [ljXkjikVkn\mhgjdghmjnmimjimhne_hk[ckjn\mbfgbgnmiegjdmnfmicg]eghUn

Müşterekler, Açık Alanlar Ayrımı

E^]elhlfilhkn fmZhmcn ìmhmfn 'Slhflbln mYgfn mimjimhdmjPn amn dmn 'mYgfn lhk]kc hl=kcilhkjdljPn Hmhfign XThljilhkjn ìd_V_j_n \likheclfn XlhlfkhUn E^]elhlfilh ikelhme^h^j^jn ì_]cmbgjdmn TjQ^n Zln \m]men alhln bmSkRn Dmhhleen <mhdkjn N;52 agigjdmnfmilclnmidgVgnE^]elhlfilhkjnBhm=ldkbkPjdlWn`hemfim]mnf_iimjgimjnmimjnZl Zmhigfimhgjn.Slhn\khnamhmhimjgQgnfljdknfk]kblinYgfmhgjgnTjQlikVlnmimQmVgnkYkj.n\kh b^hlnb`jhmnm]gjcmnZlna`fnìcmnb^hlQkjlnXkhlQlVkjknmjimecg]Wn\_jmnTjilcnìmhmf dmnbT[nf`j_b_nalhilhkjndlZileil]ekhkiclbkjknamndmnT[liil]ekhkiclbkjknTjlhck]ek AJdmcmjnZdUWnKMN:?nN1@Un<mhdkjPkjn\_nXTh^]ilhkjlnfmh]gnljn\â^fnfmh]gnYgfg] KMM;n agigjdmn )`\lin Cf`j`ckn 7dî^Pj^n mimjn Cikj`hn 6beh`cP_jn Ymig]cmimhg ìc_]e_hUn 6beh`cWn `hemfn Zmhigfimhdmjn amhmhimjmjimhgjn TiY^b^[n Zln dljXlbk[ f_iimjgcgjn Tj^jln XlYclfn kYkjn fljdkilhkjln T[X^n aTjelcilhn Xlik]ekhdkVkjkW b`jhmdmjndg]mhgdmjnXliljilhiln\mbfgnmheegVgjdmnZlnalhil]kfnaTjlekcn\kYkckjdl dlVk]clilhnam]mjdgVgjdmnb`h_jimhgjn\m]imdgVgjgnbTailhnAOhljenZlnGSmhcmWnKMN1 Jf\_i_enZdUWnKMN1@Un6jmnXThln<mhdkjPkjnbT[^j^nleekVknmimjimhn\khlhnc^]elhlf dlVkiWnSlhflbkjnf_iimjgcgjmnmYgfWnamhmhimjcmnf_hmiimhgn\_i_jcmamjn'mYgfnlhk]kc hl=kcilhkdkhP1_{AJjXlikbnZln<mhZklWnKMN:?nNN1@UnBlhbkjdljnbTailclfnXlhlfkhbl} SlhSmjXkn\khnmimjWnfmajmfnamndmnZmhigVgjnc^]elhlfnìd_V_j_nbTailal\kiclf kYkjn\_hmimhdmjnamhmhimjmjimhgjn\liiknìcmbgWnf_iimjgcnf_hmiimhgjgjnì_]cmbgW dljleilclnZlnb^hd^hîl\kikhikVkjlnkik]fkjnXliljlfilhkjnalhil]ck]n\_i_jcmbg \lfiljclfeldkhU

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(8)

B^hfkalPdlnlf`j`cknRìkekfmimhgjgjn\khn\ê^jnìmhmfn`hemfnfljeblinTVlilhkjnZlnd`Vmi Zmhigfimhgjn[mhmhgjmnb`j_Yimhnd`V_hmQmfn\kYkcdlnXlik]ekhkidkVkjknbTailclfnamjig] ìcmamQmfeghUn I`h_fn j`fembgjmn JL9Pjkjn ljlh=kWn _im]eghcmWn f`j_en Zln e_hk[c ameghgcimhgaimnYgfmjn\_namfim]gcnb_Wne`RhmfWn`hcmjnXk\knd`VminZmhigfimhgjnbgjghbg[ ìd_V_nmjimag]gjdmjnfmajmfimjcmfemdghUnOkhn\m]fmn\kYkcdlnmjimecmfnXlhlfkhbl B^hfkalPjkjn c^]elhlfilhn \mfgcgjdmjn ìd_fYmn Zmhbgin \khn îfln ìcmbgn \_jimhgj ^[lhkilhkjdlfkn\mbfgjgjnHm[imnìcmbgnb`j_Q_j_nd`V_hc_]e_hU

Kırsal/kentsel müşterekler ayrımı ortadan kalkıyor

Om]igVgjdmn'fljeblinc^]elhlfilhPnbT[^n\_i_jmjn\_nYmig]cmjgjnamijg[QmnfljenkYkjdlfk `hemfnmimjimhmWndlVlhilhln`dmfimjmQmVgnd^]^jîl\kikhWnmjQmfn[mcmjnkYkjdlnflje.fgh kfkikVkjkjn\likhbk[il]claln\m]imcmbgWnaTjlebli bkambminìmhmfnmhmimhgjdmfknmahgcgj m[micmbgnZlnSlhnkfknmimjdmfknì_cb_[nXlik]clilhkjn\kh\khkjknlefkilclbkjdljndìmag d`Vmin Zmhigfimhn Zln fljeblin mimjimhdmjn fmajmfimjmjn c^]elhlfilhkjn \lhm\lh dlVlhiljdkhkiclbkndmSmnmjimcignXThîclfeldkhUn LghbminZlnfljebliWnd`VminZlnamRmanc^]elhlfilhkjna`fnìcmWn[mhmhnXThclnb^hlYilhk mhmbgjdmfknlefkil]kclWn\kh\khilhkjknmahgnìmhmfnlilnmimcmcmnd_h_c_jmnljn_aX_j ThjlVkjnfTailhkjnZlnf^Y^fn\lidln\lildkalilhkjkjnfmRmegicmbgnìd_V_nbTailjl\kikhU Oâ^f]lSkhn\lildkalilhkjkjnfmRimdgVgnmimjgnkinbgjghimhgjmnfmdmhnXljk]ileljnambmi d^[ljilclailn\kjilhQlnfTa^jnZln\lidln\lildkalbkjkjnfmidghgimhmfn\â^f]lSkhilhl \mVimjcmbgn Zln fghbmin mimjimhgjn fljeblin aTjlekcilhln dlZhldkiclbkn b`jn dTjlcdl c^]elhlfilhlnfmh]gnamRgimjnljnX^Yi^nc^dmSmilaknì_]e_hc_]e_hUnO_nd^[ljilclnkil fTaiîlhkjnb_Wne`RhmfWnclhmnXk\kn`hemncmiimhgn\â^f]lSkhilhkjndljlekckjlnXlYclal \m]imcg]eghUnOTailQlnaThlnkjbmjimhgjgjnXliljlfblin\khn\kYkcdln`hemfim]mnamhmhimjdgVg c^]elhlfilhnliilhkjdljnmigjmhmfnfljdkilhkjdljnfki`clehlilhQln_[mfigfemfknam\mjQgW clhfl[kn \khkcilhln Zlhkick]ekhUn Okhn b^hln b`jhmn \_n Zmhigfimhgjn \liikn ]khfleilhkj f_iimjgcgjmndlZhldkiclbkn]m]ghegQgnìcmamQmfeghUn7jlciknS_f_fbmiWnaTjleblinZl lfì`=kfn lefkilhkn ìmQmfn bT[n f`j_b_n d^[ljilcljkjn `hemfn cîfkalekjn fma\gjgjW aTjlekckjn clhfl[kil]clbkjkjn Zln d`Vmin Zmhigfimhgjn \`[_icmbgn b^hlQkjkjn kif e`S_cimhgjgnmeegVgnbTailjl\kikhUn

I`Vmin Zln amRman YlZhln ^[lhkjdln \mbfgdmn \_i_jmjWn fljeblin Zln fghbmin jkelikfik c^]elhlfilhn mhmbgjdmfkn mahgcgn \likhbk[il]ekhcln b^hlQkjkn Sg[imjdghmjn Rìkekfmimh \_j_jimnbgjghigndlVkiUnOâ^fnTiYlfiknljlh=kWn_im]eghcmWnf`j_enZlne_hk[cnameghgcimhg amijg[Qmnb_Wn`hcmjWndljk[WnfgagnXk\knd`VminZmhigfimhmn[mhmhnZlhclfilnfmicmcg]WnfTaW \lidlnXk\knf^Y^fnalhil]kcn\khkcilhkjdln`hemfim]mnam]mcnb^hljilhkjn\khn\Ti^c^j^j \â^f]lSkhilhkjn fljmhn cmSmiililhkjln XTYn leclilhkjln dln jldljn ìc_]e_hU 0memVmjPdmnb`jnagiimhdmnbmagimhgnSg[imnmhemjnfTc^hncmdljilhknjldljkailnì_]mj e`RhmfnfmacmimhgWn[laekjikfilhkjn[mhmhnXThclbknZlnfTaiîlhdlnmbegcWn\h`j]keWnfmjblh Xk\knSmbemigfimhgjn\m]nXTbelhclbknjldljkailn"2nfTa^jn\`]micmnelSikflbknmiegjdm \_i_jcmbgn\_j_jnThjlfilhkjdljnamijg[Qmn\khknACh`Vi_WnKMN2@U

O_n e^hn f^Y^fn aTjlekcn \khkcilhkjkjn X^Q^j^n akekhclaln \m]imcmimhgjgWn fmRmegicm elSdkdkn miegjdmn fmicmimhgjgn c^]elhlfilhkjn [mhmhn XThclWn a`fn `icmn b^hlQkjkjn \kh RmhYmbgn`imhmfndlVlhiljdkhl\kikhk[Un7[liikfilnLTanLmj_j_Pj_jnalhkjdljnaTjlekcQkW

(9)

`hemfim]cmQgWn dmamjg]cmQgn d^[ljilclilhkjln \mfgidgVgjdmWn cladmjdmjn QmckalW `hcmjdmjn b_imfn mimjimhmn dlVkjn Slhn \khn TVljkjn aTjlekckjkjn fTan Smifgjgjn `hemf khmdlbkjln\ghmfgicg]nìd_V_nmjim]gimQmfeghUnO_jdmjndìmagnfTailhknZln\_jmn\lj[lh f^Y^fnT[X^hi^fY^nalhil]kcnalhilhkjkn\khlhnc^]elhlfnThjlVknìmhmfnXThclfnamjig] ìcmamQmfeghU

AKP ve müşterekler

7[liikfilnfljenZlnYlZhlnmimjgjdmfknc^]elhlfilhkjWnd`VmimhgnXlhlVkWnlf`j`ckfn\â^clak b^hd^hclWnblhcmaln\khkfkckjknbmVimcmnZlnkfekdmhgnX^YiljdkhclnkYkjnTjlcikn\lbiljcl fmajmfimhgnìd_V_jdmjnbT[nldkick]ekUnO_jdmjndìmagnB^hfkalnXk\kndljlekcbk[nlf`j`ckf Xlik]cljkjnS^f^cnb^hd^V^nîflilhdlnbT[nf`j_b_nmimjimhndmSmna`V_jn\kYkcdlnelSdke miegjdmnfmicmfemdgh?nElhmimhWn`hcmjimhWnb_imhnXk\knd`VminZmhigfimhnbgjghbg[Qmnlf`j`ckjkj k]ilak]kjlnmYgim\kikhnaìimhWncladmjimhWnRmhfimhnXk\knfljeblinmimjimhnbkambknf`hf_imhim SmifmnfmRmegim\kikhnkjelhjleWnb`baminX^ZljQlnXk\knìmjmfimhnfmRkemik[ckjnf_hmiimhgjm _aX_jnìmhmfnd^[ljiljl\kikhnc^[kfnZlnbmjmenlefkjikfilhkn\mbfgQgnaìimhimndljleiljclal Ymig]gim\kikhUn

Örnek Bir Müşterek: Köyler ve Köy Kanunu

I`VmiWnfljeblinZlnfîe^hlindlVlhilhnìcmfn^[lhln^Ynmahgnmjimcnf^clbkjknkYkjdl \mhgjdghmjnZlnbmSkRbk[ncmiimhdmjn`hemfnXliljlfilhlnfmdmhnY`fnYl]keiknb`c_enZl bà_en _jb_himhmn XTjdlhcldln \_i_jmjn 'c^]elhlfilhkjPWn Y`fn bmagdmn ambmi d^[ljilcljkjnd`Vh_dmjnZlndìmaignìmhmfnkiXknmimjgjmnXkhdkVknbTailjl\kikhUn-l[m Lmj_j_Wn 3lZhln Lmj_j_Wn 6hcmjn Lmj_j_Wn Lm\mSmeilhn Lmj_j_n Xk\kn elcli d^[ljilclilhn\khnamjmn\ghmfgimQmfnì_hbmWnB^hfkalPdlnc^]elhlfilhkjnljnX^Yi^ \kYkcdlnXlYekVknambmjgjnN;K"nemhkSiknLTanLmj_j_nìd_V_nbTailjl\kikhUn0mbmjgj *fTanc_SemhgjgnZlnkSekamhnclQikbknm[mimhgjgnblYclVlnSmffgnìmjnfmdgjnZlnlhflf fTaiîlhkjn e`Rimjcmbgjmn fTan dlhjlVkn dlhilh+n \kYkcdlfkn f_hmigWn N1U cmddlbkjdlfkn*LTank]ilhkjkjn\khY`V_n\ê^jnfTai^n\khil]lhlfnkclQlnkilnamRgigh+ \kYkckjdln d^[ljilclbkn kiln KUn cmddlbkjdlfkn *-mckWn clfelRWn èimfWn amaimfW \miemigfnXk\kn`hemncmiimhgn\_i_jmjnZlne`Ri_nZlamndmVgjgfnlZilhdlnè_hmjnkjbmjimh \mVnZln\mSYlnZlnemhimimhkailn\khikfeln\khnfTanel]fkinldlhilh+n\kYkckjdlfknbmeghimhg Slcn`hemfnamhmhimjcmagnA`hemncmiimhg@WnSlcn`hemfnaTjlekcknALTanIlhjlVk@nSlc dln dmamjg]cmagn AkclQl@n mjimemjn c^]elhlfilhkn kHmdln leclfeldkhilhUn 6hemf mimjimhdmjn\khikfelnamhmhimjcmamnZlnam]mcgndmamjg]cmaimnb^hd^hclalnkik]fkj f_hmiimhn lbmbn ìmhmfn îfln kYkjdln \ê^ji^V^n bmVimcmfn Zln alhlin aTjlekcilhk X^YiljdkhclfnmcmQgaimnf`jc_]nìbmndmnbT[nf`j_b_nd^[ljilcljkjnmhdgjdm dlZilekjn alhlin Sk[cleilhkn îfljkjn \ê^jn fT]lilhkjln fmdmhn XTe^hlclalQlf

d_h_cdmn`icmbgnXlhYlVkndln\_i_jcmfemadgnAI_h_WnKMN!@U

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(10)

a. Doğal ve kentsel alanda

JL9Pjkjn f_h_i_]n dTjlckjkjn mhdgjdmjn Zln T[liikfiln JZh_Rmn OkhikVkn SldlHkjdlj _[mfim]cmbgjdmjnb`jhmnk[ildkVknlf`j`cknRìkekfmimhgjgjnkifnZlnljnTjlciknì_cb_[nlefkbk c^]elhlfilhnìmhmfnmdimjdghgimjnd`VmiWnfljeblinZlnfîe^hlinZmhigfimhmnìc_]e_hUnGT[ f`j_b_nlefkjkjn\khn\à_e_j_nTeldljn\lhkn`hemfim]mnf_iimjgimjn`hcmjWnRmhfWncladmjW dljk[nXk\kn`hemfnZmhigfnZlndlVlhilhkjn\`[_icmbgWnfkhiljclbkWnemShkRnldkiclbkWnm[micmbgW a`fnìcmbgnì_]e_h_hfljn\khndkVlhn\à_e_j_ndmn\khlailhkjnfljekjnfkcknìmjmfimhgjdmj amhmhimjcmbgjgjnHkameimjdghgicmbgWnf`]_imn\mVimjcmbgWnbgjghimjdghgicmbgWnljXliiljclbkW Xk\kn b`h_jimhn ì_]e_hcmfemdghUn O_j_jn b`j_Q_jdmn dmn dmamjg]cmn Smfimhgn kYkjdl dlVlhiljdkhkiljnYlZhlnSmffgWnfljenSmffgWnf`j_enSmffgWn_im]gcnSmffgWnlVkekcnZlnbmVigf Smffgn YlhYlZlbkjdlfkn X^jdlikfn am]mcmn kik]fkjn emilRilhn bgfYmn X^jdlcln Xliclal \m]imcg]eghU

JL9ndTjlckjdlnlf`j`ckjkjn\â^fnTiY^dlnc^]elhlfilhkjWnT[liikfilndlnd`VminZlnfljebli c^]elhlfilhkjn^[lhkjlnf_h_i_n\kYkcdlnXlik]ekhkidkVkjknbTailclfnamjig]nìcmamQmfeghU *>hlekcln dlVkin dln kj]mmemn dmamig+n ìmhmfn \kikjljn \_n amfim]gcgjn k[ilhkn fmh]gcg[m mRmhecmjnamRgcgWnXTfdliljndkfkckWnfTRh^nf_h_i_c_Wn\mhm=nkj]mbgn\kYkckjdlnYgfga`hU BmhgcgjnZlnfghbminmimjimhgjnXThcl[dljnXlikjclbkWnjlSkhilhkjnbgjghbg[Qmn<CGPilhlnmYgicmbgW `hcmjnmimjimhgjdmna^hêîljnHmmikaleilhkjnmheghgicmbgWn!UnLTRh^Wn0ljkn<mZmmimjgWnLmjmi Fbemj\_inXk\knd`Vmn^[lhkjdlnmVghn\mbfgnamhmemQmfnameghgcimhmn\m]imjcmbgWn3CInXk\k TjilakQknZlndljleilakQknmhmYimhgjnkYkjkjn\`]miegicmbgWnd`VminZmhigfimhgjnbmjmaknZlnekQmhlel bgjghbg[Qmn b_j_icmbgWn XTiilhkjWn fgagimhgjn e_hk[cn blfeTh^jln dljlekcbk[Qln mYgicmbgW cmdljQkikVkjnel]ZkfnldkiclbkWnd`VminZmhigfimhimnkiXkiknelikHnZlnRmeljeilhkjn\liiknflbkcilhlW Xh_Rimhmnmfemhgicmbgn\_jimhdmjnkifnmfimnXliljilhkU

Cjlh=kWn_im]eghcmWnf`j_enZlne_hk[cnìcmfn^[lhlnfm\mQmndThenblfeThdlna`V_jim]mjnb`j dTjlcnlf`j`ckfnHmmikaleilhkjkjnjlhldlablne^c^nd`VmiWnfljeblinZlnfîe^hlinmimjimhm [mhmhnZlhlQlfWn\mbfgdmn\_i_jmQmfn\kYkcdlnXlhYlfil]ekhkiclfeldkhUnGT[nf`j_b_nmimjimh kYkjn Xlekhkiljn f`h_cmn TjilcilhkjkWn amhXgn fmhmhimhgjgWn kcmhn fgbgeimhgjgWn _aX_imcm [`hi_fimhgjgnm]cmdmn'alefkilhkjnf_iimjgicmbgjdmnclhfl[kil]clPWn'f`h_cmdmjnb`h_ci_ f_h_cimhgnk]ilZbk[nfgicmPWn'f`h_cmagnTjXThljnd^[ljilclilhdln\`]i_fimhnì_]e_hcmPW 'ambmin aìimhgn mcmQgn dg]gjdmn f_iimjcmPn Zln 'amhXgagn lefkbk[n fgicmPn Xk\kn aTjelcilh k[iljclfeldkhnAI_h_WnKMN1@U

Lljeblinjkelikfnem]gamjnc^]elhlfilhkjnkfknaTji^n\mbfgnmiegjdmnfmidgVgnbTailjl\kikhUn<lclj Slcljne^cnîfldlnSlhflbkjn`hemfim]mnf_iimjgcgjmnmYgfnmimjimhn\khnamjdmjnaìimhgjWnmie. ^benXlYkeilhkjWnXTfdliljilhkjWnJ$EPilhkjnkbekimbgjmn_VhmhfljWn\khnamjdmjndmnN1nBlcc_[ KMN5n dmh\ln Xkhk]kckn b`jhmbgjdmn amhmegimjn ìmVmj^be^n S/in kiln b`fmfimhWn Rmhfimhn Zl cladmjimhn aljkn \mbfgn dTjlckjkjn mVghn f`]_iimhgn miegjdmn \ghmfgicg]eghUn Fbemj\_iP_jW dlRhlcne`RimjcmnmimjimhgjgjnY`V_j_jnkcmhmnmYgicmbgnkiln\khkjQkne^h^jW5_{JjfmhmPjgjnkbl} fljenclhfl[kjkjndljlekcWnambmfimcmnZlnbgjghimcmimhmncmh_[nfmicmbgnkilnkfkjQkne^h^j ljnYmhRgQgnThjlVkjknì_]e_hd_V_j_n\likheclfnXlhlfkhU

(11)

b. Sosyal ve kültürel alanda

E^]elhlfilhkjnd`VminZmhigfimhnZlnfljeblinmimjimhnkilnbgjghignfmicmdgVgjdmjWndkiWnXliljlfW \kikcWnkjelhjleWnbmjmeWnXk\knb`baminZlnfîe^hlinjkelikfilhnem]gamjimhgjndmn\_i_jd_V_jdmj bT[n ldkick]ekUn I`Vmin amn dmn fljeblin jkelikfelfkn c^]elhlfilhn kYkjn dlVlhiljdkhcldl \_i_jcmfnXThlQlnfìmafljnb`baminZlnfîe^hlindlVlhilhilnkiXkiknc^]elhlfilhndmSmnmahgjegig YT[^cilclilhnamRgicmbgjgnXlhlfiknfgicmfemdghUn

B^hfkalPdln'c^]elhlfilhPnfmZhmcgjdmjnbT[nldkjQlnmfgiimhmnb`h_jnìmhmfnkifnTjQlnd`Vmi ZmhigfimhgjnZlnfljeblinmimjimhgjnXliclbkjkjnkfknjldljknìd_V_nbTailjl\kikhUnFifnìmhmf c`dlhjil]cln b^hlQkjkjn Slj^[n emcmcimjcmcg]n ìcmbgWn fghimn \mVimhgjn \khn \kYkcdl dlZmcn ldka`hn ìcmbgWn dkjkn mVimhgjWn mfhm\migfn kik]fkilhkjkjn X^Yi^n ìcmbgn jldljkail \kYkcblin ìmhmfn \khn ThXêiljclaln Xkdkick]n ìcmbmn \kiln Slc]lShkilhWn QlcmmeilhW e`Ri_i_fimhnbmalbkjdlnTjlciknbmagdmnkjbmjnlf`j`ckfnZlnb`baminkSekamYimhgjgnRkambm f`]_iimhgjmn Xkhcldljn fmh]gimam\kiclfeldkhUn LTadljn lh[mfn aìimjcmbgjdmjn \mVg] e`RimjcmbgjmWnlZiljdkhcldljnckbmHkhnmVghimjcmbgjmWnY`Q_fn\mfgcgjdmjndlhendkjilclal fmdmhWnXlik]ck]nfmRkemikbenîflilhdlnmjQmfn\ldlinTdljlhlfn_im]gim\kiljnY`fnbmagdmnSk[cle ZlnìmjmVmnblh\lbeYlnlhk]kil\kiclfeldkhUnFifn\mfg]emn\_ne^hnc^]elhlfilhkjnX^Yi^nZlnY`f bmagdmnìcmdgVgnd^]^jQlbkjkjnmhdgjdmWn\_jimhgjn\kYkcblin\khnThXêiljclalnXkecldljW mdnf`jcmdmjnalhkjlnXlekhkika`hnìcmbgn\_i_jm\kikhUn Okhn\m]fmn\kYkcdlnmjimecmfnXlhlfkhblnfghnZlnfljenmhmbgjdmfknmahgcgjnamhgcna^[aginXk\k Y`fnfgbmnb^hldln`hemdmjnfmifcmamWn\â^fnalhil]kcnalhilhkjlnmfgcgjnSg[imjcmamnZl fmRkemik[ckjnalhil]claln\m]imcmbgn\khnamjdmjnfljelnT[X^nc^]elhlfilhkjnagRhmjcmbgjmW a`fn ìcmbgjmWn jldljn ì_hfljWn \khn amjdmjn dmn Xliljlfblin e`Ri_i_fimhmn mken dmZhmjg] \kYkcilhkjkjn fljeblin am]mcdmn dmn b^hd^hîclbkjln jldljn ìm\kick]ekhUn Okhn mjimcdm E^\lQQlinLghmaPgjn'emcR`jnclfmjk[cmPnìmhmfnmdimjdghdgVgnamhdgcim]cmWndmamjg]cmW Rmaim]cmn\kYkcilhknb`bami fîe^hlinc^]elhlfilhkjnXThlQlnX^Yi^nfmicmbgjgnbmVimamj lecljilhdljn\khknìc_]e_hU

G`baminZlnfîe^hlinc^]elhlfilhkjnTjlcikn\khnb`h_jnìmhmfnX^jdlclnXliclclbkjkjnkfkjQk jldljkn ìmhmfn elikH Hkfhkn Smfimhgjn Xlik]ck]n ìcmcmbgWn ^[lhkjln Tjlcikn bgjghimcmimhW ambmfimhn Xlekhkiclbkjln hmVcljn kjelhjlen bmaHmimhgjgjn Tjlcikn \Ti^c^jln ^Qhlebk[ _im]gim\kiclbkn XTbelhkil\kikhUn Om]fmn îflilhdln Rmhmn Tdljlhlfn _im]gim\kilQlfn bmjmeW ldl\kameWn c^[kfn lblhilhkjln f`RamimcmWn emfiken leclWn Y`Vmiecmn Xk\kn aìimhimn lhk]clf ìmjmfigdghU JL9nagiimhgjdmnamijg[Qmnd`VminZlnfljeblinjkelikfiknc^]elhlfilhnlf`j`ckjkjnk]ilak]kjl bgjghbg[QmnmYgicmfimnfmicmcg]Wn^hleclalWn`hemfim]cmamWnamhmhimjcmamnZlnRmaim]cmam kik]fkjnmdleilhWnXliljlfilhnZlnf_hmiimhnRkambmjgjnX^Q^nfmh]gbgjdmnm]gjcmamWnk]ilZkjk akekhclalWnmjimcbg[im]cmamn\m]imcg]eghUnE^]elhlfilhkjndmSmnbà_en\à_e_j_nì_]e_hmj kjelhjleWnkfkRldkmWnb`bamincldamnXk\knìmjmfimhnkilnc^[kfWnbmjmeWn\kikcnXk\knfîe^hli dlVlhilhn^[lhkjdlfkn\mbfgimhgjnkblnakjlndmh\lnXkhk]kcknb`jhmbgjdmnamhmegimjnmVghnSmZmjgj ì_cb_[nlefkbkjdlnìd_V_j_nbTailclaln\kilnXlhlfna`fU

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III. Müştereklerden kaynaklanan toplumsal hareketler

E^]elhlfilhnìmhmfnmdimjdghdgVgcg[nZmhigfWnb^hlYnZlnìmjmfimhn\khnamjdmjn'YkeilclPnXk\k fmRkemik[ckn`hemamnYgfmhmjnf`]_iimhmnXTjdlhcldln\_i_jcmfemWn\khnamjdmjnkjbmjimhgjnZl dkVlhnQmjigimhgjn`hemfim]mnamhmhimjdgfimhgn[ljXkjikfnZlndlVlhilhknSmeghimecmfemWn\khnamjdmj dmnnXlilQlfelndmamjg]cmnZlnRmaim]gcn^[lhkjlnf_h_imQmfnaljknam]mcn\kYkcilhkjkjnmimQmVg d`Vh_ie_a_n XTbelhclfeldkhn A<mkZljWn KMN2?n !1@Un Chk]kckjkjn fìmaWn amhmhimjcmbgjgj ^Qhlebk[Wn^[lhkilhkjdlfkndljlekckjnXThlQlnm[nìd_V_n\_nmimjimhnd`VmimhgnXlhlVknc_SmikH Smhlfleilhkjn \m]imjXgYn j`femimhgjgn ì_]e_h_a`himhUn GgjgHWn lejkfn fTfljWn Qkjbkale l]kebk[ikfilhkjkjn amhmeegVgn b`h_jimhdmjn \lbiljljn Smhlfleilhn dln \_jimhmn clf/j ì_]e_hcmimhgWn lZn bmSkRikVkn amRcmimhgjdmjn dìmagn fljeblin c^]elhlfilhdln XTh^j^h ì_a`himhU

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\khkfkcn b^hlQkjkjn am]mcmn XlYkhkiclbkn \_X^jn fmh]gcg[mn fghbmin flbkcilhkjn \`]micmbgW YkHeYkilhkjne`Rhmfimhgjdmjn_[mfim]eghgicmbgWnXliljlfblinamndmnmielhjmekHn^hlekcn\kYkcilhkjkj ljXliiljclbkWn fmc_n cmin Zln Sk[cleilhkjkjn T[liil]ekhkiclbkWn d`Vmin Zmhigfn Zln dlVlhilh ^[lhkjdlncîfkalenf_h_icmbgWnd`VmjgjnZlnfîe^h^jnclemim]eghgicmbgWndlVk]kfncîfkale SmffgnekRilhkjkjnA`hemfWnfìlfekHWnfmc_@nT[lincîfkalelndTj^]e^hîclbkn\kYkckjdlnYgfga`h AJdmcmjWnZdUWnKMN:?nN2@Un

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Türkiye’deki durum

0_fmhgdmn dlVkjkidkVkn Xk\kWn 'c^]elhlfilhPn bT[^n kiln Slcn SmZmWn b_Wn e`Rhmfn Xk\kn d`Vmi ZmhigfimhgWnSlcnb`fmfWnRmhfWncladmjnXk\knfljeblinmimjimhgWnSlcndlnb`baminX^ZljQlW kjelhjleWnXliljlfilhnXk\knb`baminìmjmfimhgnZln\kikcWnbmjmeWnc^[kfnXk\knfîe^hlindlVlhilhk k]mhlenleck]nì_a`h_[UnJjQmfnB^hfkalnXk\knlf`j`ckfWnfîe^hlinZlnQ`VhmHknmYgdmjnXlYk] m]mcmbgjdmn\_i_jmjn\khnîfldlnbT[nf`j_b_nbT[Q^fndmSmnY`fn`hemfnd`VminZlnfljebli mimjimhgjn d_h_c_jmn kik]fkjn YmVhg]gcimhdmn \_i_j_a`hUn Okhn \m]fmn \kYkcdln mjimecmf XlhlfkhblWn c^]elhlfilhln kik]fkjn e`Ri_cbmin Smhlfleilhn dmSmn Y`fn fljen Zln YlZhl b`h_jimhgjdmjnfmajmfimjcmfemdghUnO_j_jnjldljilhknmhmbgjdmWna_fmhgdmndmn\likhekidkVk Xk\knfljeil]clnb^hlQkjkjndlZmcnleclbkWnfmc_nmhm[kilhkjkjnXljk]nalhnfmRimcmbgWnj^H_b_j \khn\Ti^c^j^jnXlYkckjkjnd`VminZmhigfimhmn\mVgcign\_i_jcmbgWne`Ri_cbmi.lf`j`ckf Xlik]cldlnb`h_jimhnam]mjcmbgWnb`bamind`jmegimhgjnalelhbk[nfmicmbgnZln\kikcWnkjelhjleW elikHWnRmeljenSmfimhgjgjnXlik]clck]nìcmbgnbmagim\kikhU E^]elhlfilhnbT[âilnmjimegicmfnkbeljljnSlhn\khnmimjgjWnZmhigVgjnZlnkik]fkjkjnblhcmal \khkfkckjknbmVimamQmfn\khnfmajmfnìmhmfnXThîd^V^jdljnbT[nldkick]ekUnB^hfkalnXk\k lf`j`ckbknalelhbk[ikfilhilndì_Wn\â^cljkjn^hlekclndlVkindlndmSmnY`fnhmjemndmamig NN _{7hjlVkjnalhlinbkamblekjnZln\lildkalnSk[cleilhkjkjnfmdgjimhmnaTjlikfnlefkilhknmYgbgjdmjn\f[UnJifmjW} KMM"U

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Müşterekleri savunmanın zorlukları

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Müştereklerin getirdiği olanaklar

B^hfkaln Xk\kn dlc`fhmbkbkn \ê^jn f_hmiimhgaimn k]ilclaljWn fmegigcn ìmjmfimhgjgjn bgjghig ìd_V_WnkHmdlnT[X^hi^V^jlnljXliilhnXlekhkiljWne`Ri_cbminSmhlfleilhn^[lhkjdlnmVghn\mbfgimh

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Sonuç

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Kaynaklar

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