KISALTMA YAPABİLECEĞİMİZ BAĞLAÇLAR

WHILE (Active): Aynı anda vuku bulan iki eylemi ifade eder.

While I was listening to pop music last night, I While I was listening to pop music last night, I While I was listening to pop music last night, I ironed my While I was listening to pop music last night, I ironed my ironed my ironed my shirts.shirts.shirts. shirts.

While While While listening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts.While listening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts.listening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts. listening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts. Listening to pop music last nightListening to pop music last nightListening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts.Listening to pop music last night, I ironed my shirts., I ironed my shirts., I ironed my shirts.

(Passive)

While it was being carried, the table got broken.While it was being carried, the table got broken.While it was being carried, the table got broken.While it was being carried, the table got broken. While While While being carried, the table got broken.While being carried, the table got broken.being carried, the table got broken. being carried, the table got broken.

AFTER (Active)

After After After we ateAfter we atewe ate////had eaten dinnerwe atehad eaten dinnerhad eaten dinner, we went out for a walk.had eaten dinner, we went out for a walk., we went out for a walk., we went out for a walk.

AfterAfterAfter eatingAfter eating eating eating////after having eaten dinnerafter having eaten dinnerafter having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk.after having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk., we went out for a walk., we went out for a walk. Having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk.Having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk.Having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk. Having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk.

(Passive)

After After After he was / After he was / he was / had been promotedhe was / had been promotedhad been promotedhad been promoted, he became more interested , he became more interested , he became more interested , he became more interested in hin hin his job.in his job.is job.is job.

After After After being / After being / being / having been promotedbeing / having been promotedhaving been promotedhaving been promoted, he became more interested , he became more interested , he became more interested , he became more interested in his job.in his job.in his job. in his job.

Having been promoted, he became more interested in his job.Having been promoted, he became more interested in his job.Having been promoted, he became more interested in his job. Having been promoted, he became more interested in his job.

BEFORE Kısaltma yaparken ‘BEFORE’ atılmaz. (Active)

Before Before Before she came to this city, she lived in theBefore she came to this city, she lived in theshe came to this city, she lived in the country.she came to this city, she lived in the country. country. country. Before Before Before coming to this city, she lived in the country.Before coming to this city, she lived in the country.coming to this city, she lived in the country. coming to this city, she lived in the country.

88

Before Before Before she was elected Prime Minister, she worked as a Before she was elected Prime Minister, she worked as a she was elected Prime Minister, she worked as a she was elected Prime Minister, she worked as a university teacher.university teacher.university teacher. university teacher.

Before Before Before being elected Prime Minister, she workedBefore being elected Prime Minister, she workedbeing elected Prime Minister, she worked:::: being elected Prime Minister, she worked

WHEN

a) Arka arkaya yapılmış iki eylem bağlanıyorsa; (Active)

WhenWhenWhen she finished her report, she left the office.When she finished her report, she left the office. she finished her report, she left the office. she finished her report, she left the office. On / uponOn / uponOn / upon finishing her report, she left the office.On / upon finishing her report, she left the office. finishing her report, she left the office. finishing her report, she left the office.

(Passive) Passive cümlede ya da ‘TO BE’ fiilinin asıl fiil olduğu cümlede ÖZNE ve BE fiili atılır.

WhenWhenWhen he was a young man, When he was a young man, he was a young man, he was very ambitious. he was a young man, he was very ambitious.he was very ambitious.he was very ambitious. WhenWhenWhen a young man, he was very ambitious.When a young man, he was very ambitious. a young man, he was very ambitious. a young man, he was very ambitious.

WhenWhenWhen they are used too often, sedative drugs may cause When they are used too often, sedative drugs may cause they are used too often, sedative drugs may cause they are used too often, sedative drugs may cause addiction.addiction.addiction. addiction.

WhenWhenWhen used too often, sedative drugs may cause addiction.When used too often, sedative drugs may cause addiction. used too often, sedative drugs may cause addiction. used too often, sedative drugs may cause addiction.

b) NOT: Temel ve yan cümledeki eylemler aynı zamanda oluyor ise when ‘WHILE’ anlamında kullanılır.

WhenWhen you are travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ WhenWhen you are travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ you are travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ you are travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ chegues with you.chegues with you.chegues with you. chegues with you.

WhenWhenWhen travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ cheguesWhen travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ chegues travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ chegues travelling abroad, you must have travellers’ chegues with you.with you.with you. with you.

UNTIL

(Active)

UntilUntilUntil I went to Australia, I had never seen a kangUntil I went to Australia, I had never seen a kang I went to Australia, I had never seen a kang I went to Australia, I had never seen a kangaroo.aroo.aroo. aroo. UntilUntilUntil going to Australia, I had never seen a kangaroo.Until going to Australia, I had never seen a kangaroo. going to Australia, I had never seen a kangaroo. going to Australia, I had never seen a kangaroo.

(Passive)

Prepositions must be studiedPrepositions must be studiedPrepositions must be studied until Prepositions must be studied until until they are learnt by heart. until they are learnt by heart.they are learnt by heart.they are learnt by heart. Prepositions must be studiedPrepositions must be studiedPrepositions must be studied until Prepositions must be studied until until learnt by heart. until learnt by heart.learnt by heart.learnt by heart.

SINCE (den beri) (since + doing / since + being done)

SinceSinceSince I Since I I I came to this city, I have lived in the same house.came to this city, I have lived in the same house.came to this city, I have lived in the same house. came to this city, I have lived in the same house. SinceSinceSince coming to this city, I have lived in the same house.Since coming to this city, I have lived in the same house. coming to this city, I have lived in the same house. coming to this city, I have lived in the same house. SinceSinceSince it was occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to Since it was occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to it was occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to it was occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to worse.worse.worse. worse.

89

SinceSinceSince being occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad toSince being occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to being occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to being occupied by the USA, Iraq has gone from bad to worse.worse.worse. worse.

BECAUSE / AS / SINCE (dığı için) Neden sonuç bildiren durumlarda bağlaç atılarak; (Active cümleActive cümle: Active cümleActive cümle: : Doing / : Doing / Passive cümleDoing / Doing / Passive cümlePassive cümlePassive cümle:::: being done being done being done being done), şayet Adverbial clause daki eylem daha önce gerçekleşmişse (Active cümle: Having done / Passive cümle: having been done) kullanılır.

BecauseBecauseBecause she is married now, she has more responsibility.Because she is married now, she has more responsibility. she is married now, she has more responsibility. she is married now, she has more responsibility. Being marriedBeing marriedBeing married now, she has more responsibility.Being married now, she has more responsibility. now, she has more responsibility. now, she has more responsibility.

SinceSinceSince she was tired, she went to bed early.Since she was tired, she went to bed early. she was tired, she went to bed early. she was tired, she went to bed early. Being tired,Being tired,Being tired, she went to bed early.Being tired, she went to bed early. she went to bed early. she went to bed early.

Because Because Because I sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficBecause I sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficI sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficI sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficultyultyultyulty in walking.in walking.in walking. in walking.

Having sprained Having sprained Having sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficulty in Having sprained my ankle yesterday, I now have difficulty in my ankle yesterday, I now have difficulty in my ankle yesterday, I now have difficulty in walking.walking.walking. walking.

Because Because Because I had sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk.Because I had sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk.I had sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk.I had sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk. Having sprained Having sprained Having sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk.Having sprained my ankle, I could hardly walk.my ankle, I could hardly walk. my ankle, I could hardly walk.

BecauseBecauseBecause he had been transferred to a remote branch, heBecause he had been transferred to a remote branch, he he had been transferred to a remote branch, he he had been transferred to a remote branch, he resresresigned.resigned.igned.igned.

Having been transferredHaving been transferredHaving been transferred to a remote branch, he resigned.Having been transferred to a remote branch, he resigned. to a remote branch, he resigned. to a remote branch, he resigned.

Adverbial clause’da ‘be + Adjective’ kullanılmışsa bu yapı ‘being + Adjective’ ya da sadece ‘Adjective’ biçiminde kısaltılır.

Because she is responsible Because she is responsible Because she is responsible for the office, she has to be thereBecause she is responsible for the office, she has to be therefor the office, she has to be therefor the office, she has to be there early.early.early. early.

Being responsible / responsibleBeing responsible / responsibleBeing responsible / responsible for the office, she has to be Being responsible / responsible for the office, she has to be for the office, she has to be for the office, she has to be there early.there early.there early. there early.

OLUMSUZ

Because she hadn’t slept well the night before, Because she hadn’t slept well the night before, Because she hadn’t slept well the night before, she felt tired inBecause she hadn’t slept well the night before, she felt tired inshe felt tired inshe felt tired in the morning.the morning.the morning. the morning.

Not having slept well the night before, Not having slept well the night before, Not having slept well the night before, Not having slept well the night before, she felt tired in theshe felt tired in theshe felt tired in theshe felt tired in the morning.morning.morning. morning.

*** NOT: Neden-sonuç bildiren cümlelerde temel ve yan cümlelerin özneleri farklı olsada kısaltma yapmak mümkün ama her iki cümlenin öznelerini belirtmek gerekir.

Because our car is broken down, Because our car is broken down, Because our car is broken down, we have walked to work sinceBecause our car is broken down, we have walked to work sincewe have walked to work sincewe have walked to work since last week.last week.last week. last week.

90

week.week.week. week.

As the weather was cold, As the weather was cold, As the weather was cold, we had to cancel the picnic.As the weather was cold, we had to cancel the picnic.we had to cancel the picnic.we had to cancel the picnic. The weather being coldThe weather being coldThe weather being cold, we had to cancel the picnic.The weather being cold, we had to cancel the picnic., we had to cancel the picnic., we had to cancel the picnic.

As the manager has gone abroad, As the manager has gone abroad, As the manager has gone abroad, I will priside over theAs the manager has gone abroad, I will priside over theI will priside over the I will priside over the meeting.meeting.meeting. meeting.

The manager havingThe manager havingThe manager having gone aboad, The manager having gone aboad, gone aboad, gone aboad, I will priside over theI will priside over theI will priside over the I will priside over the meeting.meeting.meeting. meeting.

Because there was a serious accident, Because there was a serious accident, Because there was a serious accident, we had to wait for a longBecause there was a serious accident, we had to wait for a longwe had to wait for a longwe had to wait for a long time.time.time. time.

There being a serious accident, There being a serious accident, There being a serious accident, we had to wait for a long time.There being a serious accident, we had to wait for a long time.we had to wait for a long time. we had to wait for a long time.

KOŞUL CÜMLESİ KISALTILMIŞ YAPILARI

IF

If they were collected togIf they were collected togIf they were collected together, If they were collected together, ether, his poems would fill a volume.ether, his poems would fill a volume.his poems would fill a volume.his poems would fill a volume. If collected together, If collected together, If collected together, his poem would fill a volume.If collected together, his poem would fill a volume.his poem would fill a volume. his poem would fill a volume.

Unless this case is explained properly, Unless this case is explained properly, Unless this case is explained properly, it will continue to Unless this case is explained properly, it will continue to it will continue to it will continue to confuse people.confuse people.confuse people. confuse people.

Unless explained properly, Unless explained properly, Unless explained properly, this case will continue to confuseUnless explained properly, this case will continue to confusethis case will continue to confuse this case will continue to confuse people.people.people. people.

As if he was As if he wasAs if he was

As if he was known to everyone here, known to everyone here, known to everyone here, known to everyone here, he came to the party and he came to the party and he came to the party and left he came to the party and left left left immediately, without saying a word.

immediately, without saying a word.immediately, without saying a word. immediately, without saying a word.

As if known to everyone here, As if known to everyone here, As if known to everyone here, he came to the party and leftAs if known to everyone here, he came to the party and lefthe came to the party and lefthe came to the party and left immediately, immediately, immediately, immediately,

Whether they are cooked in the oven or deepWhether they are cooked in the oven or deepWhether they are cooked in the oven or deep----fried, Whether they are cooked in the oven or deep fried, fried, fried, auberginesauberginesauberginesaubergines are myare myare my favorite vegetabare my favorite vegetabfavorite vegetabfavorite vegetables in summer.les in summer.les in summer.les in summer.

Whether cooked in the oven or deepWhether cooked in the oven or deepWhether cooked in the oven or deep----fried, Whether cooked in the oven or deep fried, fried, fried, aubergines are myaubergines are myaubergines are myaubergines are my favourite favourite favourite vegetables in summer.favourite vegetables in summer.vegetables in summer. vegetables in summer.

ALTHOUGH / THOUGH

Although / thoughAlthough / thoughAlthough / though their products are not as good as ours, Although / though their products are not as good as ours, their products are not as good as ours, their products are not as good as ours, theytheythey they are more expensive. are more expensive. are more expensive. are more expensive.

Although / though not as good as ours,Although / though not as good as ours,Although / though not as good as ours, their products areAlthough / though not as good as ours,their products aretheir products aretheir products are expensive.expensive.expensive. expensive.

INVERSION INVERSIONINVERSION INVERSION

(Cümle içirisinde bir sözcüğün yer değiştirmesi)

1) Negative exclamations: Olumsuz soru biçimindeki bazı cümleler aslında soru değil ünlem cümlesidir ve devrik yapıdadır.