CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS (Bağlaçlar): Aynı gramer yapısına sahip (iki isim, iki sıfat, iki zarf) gibi sözcükleri ya da cümleleri bağlayan kelimelerdir. And / once gibi tek bir sözcükten yada in order that / so that / as long as gibi sözcük öbeklerinden olabilir.
AltoughAltoughAltough she studied hard, she couldn’t pass the exam.Altough she studied hard, she couldn’t pass the exam. she studied hard, she couldn’t pass the exam. she studied hard, she couldn’t pass the exam.
TRANSITIONS: Bir düşünceden diğer bir düşünceye geçişi sağlayan cümle bağlaçlarıdır.
She studied hard; She studied hard; She studied hard; nevertheless,She studied hard; nevertheless,nevertheless, she couldn’t pass the exam.nevertheless, she couldn’t pass the exam. she couldn’t pass the exam. she couldn’t pass the exam.
A) COORDINATING CONJUNTIONS (AND / OR / BUT / YET): Sözcükleri ya da cümleleri bağlamak için kullanılır.
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Beautiful and clever Sunny and warm Crowded and noisy
BUT / YET: Zıtlık vurgular.
Beautiful but / yet stupid. / Warm but / yet windy. / Cheap but / yet good.
NOT: İki tam cümleyi, ya birinci cümleyi noktalayarak ya da araya bir virgül koyduktan sonra ikinci cümlenin başına bağlaç getirerek ifade ederiz. And / but / or büyük harfle cümle
başlatabilir. Ama resmi dilde bu kullanım tercih edilmez.
The children were playing. The parents were chatting.The children were playing. The parents were chatting.The children were playing. The parents were chatting. The children were playing. The parents were chatting.
The children were playing. And the parents were chatting. Tercih edilmez.
The children were playing The children were playing The children were playing andThe children were playing andand the parents were chatting.and the parents were chatting. the parents were chatting. the parents were chatting. The chThe chThe children were playing, The children were playing, ildren were playing, ildren were playing, andandand the parents were chatting.and the parents were chatting. the parents were chatting. the parents were chatting.
YET / SO / FOR: Bağlaç olarak kullanıldığında kendilerinden önceki cümleden bir virgül ile ayrılır.
She didn’t feel well, She didn’t feel well, She didn’t feel well, soShe didn’t feel well, sososo she didn’t go to work. she didn’t go to work. she didn’t go to work. she didn’t go to work. She didn’t go to work, She didn’t go to work, She didn’t go to work, forShe didn’t go to work, forfor she didn’t feel well.for she didn’t feel well. she didn’t feel well. she didn’t feel well. ShShShe didn’t feel well, She didn’t feel well, e didn’t feel well, yete didn’t feel well, yetyetyet she still went to work. she still went to work. she still went to work. she still went to work.
B) CORRALATIVE CONJUNCTIONS: Bu gruptaki bağlaçlar: both … and / either … or / Neither … nor / not only … but also gibi ikili olarak kullanılırlar.
a) İki cümlenin farklı öğelerinden birinin başına bağlacın birinci bölümü, diğerinin başına bağlacın ikinci bölümü getirilir.
Ali Ali Ali will come with us.Ali will come with us.will come with us.will come with us. Ayşe Ayşe Ayşe Ayşe will come with us.will come with us.will come with us. will come with us. BothBothBoth Ali Both Ali Ali Ali andandand Ayşe will come with us.and Ayşe will come with us. Ayşe will come with us. Ayşe will come with us.
Not onlyNot onlyNot only Ali Not only Ali Ali but also Ali but alsobut also Ayşe will come with us.but also Ayşe will come with us. Ayşe will come with us. Ayşe will come with us. She is She is She is beautiful.She is beautiful.beautiful.beautiful. She is cleve She is cleve She is cleve She is clever.r.r.r.
She is bothShe is bothShe is both beautiful She is both beautiful beautiful and beautiful andandand clever. clever. clever. clever. She isn’t She isn’t She isn’t tall.She isn’t tall.tall. She isn’t tall. She isn’t She isn’t short. She isn’t short.short.short.
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She is She is She is neitherShe is neitherneitherneither tall tall tall tall nornornornor short. short. short. short.
b) Both …. and iki ismi bağlıyorsa fiil daima çoğul, diğer bağlaçlarda ise ikinci özne temel alınır.
BothBothBoth my parents Both my parents my parents my parents andandandand my sister my sister are my sister my sister areareare coming coming coming coming tomorrow.tomorrow.tomorrow.tomorrow.
Not onlyNot onlyNot only my parents Not only my parents my parents but also my parents but alsobut alsobut also my my sistermy my sistersistersister isisisis coming tomorrow. coming tomorrow. coming tomorrow. coming tomorrow. NeitherNeitherNeither the manager Neither the manager the manager the manager nor nor nor nor my my colleguesmy my colleguescolleguescollegues approveapproveapproveapprove of the plan. of the plan. of the plan. of the plan. Either the Either the Either the studentsEither the studentsstudents or the students or the teacher or the or the teacherteacher hasteacher hashashas made a mistake. made a mistake. made a mistake. made a mistake.