Hastalara ait depresyon grafiğ
HAYAT KALĠTESĠ
Kanser tedavisinde tek amaç, hastalığın ortadan kaldırılması değil tedavi sonrası morbiditenin azaltılarak hayat kalitesinin arttırılmasıdır. Hayat kalitesi birey üzerinde etkili olan tüm durum ve faktörleri kapsar. Kanser tedavisine yaklaĢımda bu faktörler iyi değerlendirilip hastalığın ve tedavilerinin insanların hayatlarını ne derece
- 86 - etkilediği konusunda bilgi sahibi olunmalıdır. Bu yüzden tedavinin etkinliğini
ölçmek ve değerlendirmek için birçok araĢtırma yapılmıĢtır (5-23). Ülkemizde bu konuda yapılmıĢ sayılı çalıĢma bulunmaktadır (5-7, 13, 23, 24-26). Bu yöndeki çalıĢmaların artması, sadece uzun süre yaĢatmaya dayalı tedavi yaklaĢımı yerine hasta için kabul edilebilir sonuçları verecek ve hayat kalitesinin en yüksek olduğu tedavi yaklaĢımlarının oluĢmasına yardımcı olacaktır. (5)
Bununla birlikte literatürde parsiyel larenjektomi uygulanan hastaları total larenkektomi uygulanan hastalarla (121- 125); cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastaları radyoterapi uygulanan hastalarla karĢılaĢtıran birçok çalıĢma mevcuttur (8, 12, 21, 121, 122, 126- 128) fakat parsiyel larenjektomi uygulanan hastaların hayat
kalitelerini karĢılaĢtıran çalıĢmaya rastlanmamıĢtır. Uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri primer hastalığı ortadan kaldırırken ortaya çıkan fonksiyon kayıplarının hastaların hayat kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği bir gerçektir. Fonksiyonel cerrahi uygulanan hastaların hayat kalitelerinin daha iyi olması sebebiyle onkolojik prensiplerin izin verdiği ölçüde daha fonksiyonel cerrahi tercih edilmelidir (124). Bizim çalıĢmamız da; larenks kanserinin daha erken evrede saptanarak daha konservatif cerrahi tekniklerinin uygulamasının fonksiyonel kayıpların daha az olacağı dolayısıyla yaĢam kalitesi üzerine daha olumlu etkisi olabileceği yönündeki hipotezi göz önüne alınarak yapıldı. Fakat yaĢam kalitesinde gruplar arası anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Bu sonuçlara ve literatürdeki verilere bakarak, operasyon teknikleri arasında yaĢam kalitesine etki açısından fark olduğunu söylemek olası değildir. Bu nedenle, ileri çalıĢmalarda daha fazla hasta sayısı ile çalıĢma sonuçlarının
doğrulanması gerekir.
ÇalıĢmamızın güçlü yönü; Literatürde farklı tipte parsiyel larenjektomi
uygulanan hastalarda yutma fonksiyonlarını FEYÇ ile; depresyonu Beck depresyon skalası ile; yaĢam kalitesini EORTC QLQ-C30 ve QLQ-H&N35 ile değerlendiren ve karĢılaĢtıran çalıĢma yoktur. Hastalar konusunda deneyimli uzmanlar tarafından sadece subjektif değil objektif değerlendirme yöntemleriyle de değerlendirilmiĢtir. ÇalıĢmamızın zayıf yönleri; hasta sayısının azlığı, tedavi öncesi randomize kontrollü olarak gruplanamaması olarak sayılabilir.
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5. SONUÇLAR
Operasyon tipleri arasında; kordektomi ve FLL uygulanan hastalarda 10 ml su ile penetrasyon ve aspirasyonun; supraglottik larenjektomi, KHP ve KHEP uygulanan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak daha az olduğu saptandı ( p<0.05). 3 ml su, 5 ml su, 5 ml yoğurt, balık kraker ile; erken dökülme, rezidü- sekresyon, penetrasyon- aspirasyon- refleks öksürük skorlarında; 10 ml su ile erken dökülme, rezidü sekresyon skorlarında gruplar arası anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0.05).
Operasyon tipleri arasında; depresyon açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı.
Operasyon tipleri arasında; hayat kalitesi açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı.
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