4. Bölüm: Tartışma ve Öneriler
4.8. Sınırlılıklar
Bu çalışmaya katılımcı olarak yalnızca karşıt cinsel erkek üniversite öğrencileri alınmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, diğer yaş gruplarından ve cinsel yönelimlerden katılımcı grupları üzerinde çalışılmamıştır. Bunlar arasında yaş grubu olarak ergenler, cinsel yönelim olarak ise eşcinsel erkekler ve karşıt cinsel kadınlar sayılabilir. Katılıcı grubunun yalnızca karşıt cinsel erkek üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşması, karşıt cinsel kadınlar ve eşcinsel erkeklerin hedef grup olarak çalışmaya alınmamış olması bu araştırmanın sınırlılıklarından birisidir. Bu nedenle benzer çalışmaların ergenlik ve genç yetişkinlik gelişim dönemlerindeki eşcinsel erkekler ve karşıt cinsel kadınlar üzerinde de uygulanması, konunun tam olarak aydınlatılmasında yararlı olacaktır.
Çalışma Ankara Üniversitesi ve ODTÜ öğrencileri üzerinde yapılmış, küçük ve orta ölçekli diğer kentler ve daha küçük yerleşim merkezlerinden veri toplanmamıştır. Katılımcıların yalnızca % 13’ü üniversiteye başlamadan önce ilçe ve
127
köylerde yaşadıklarını, geriye kalanların büyük bir bölümü ise kentlerde ve büyük kentlerde yaşadıkları bildirmişlerdir. Küçük ve büyük yerleşim yerleri arasında cinsellik ve cinsel risk alma bağlamında önemli farklılıklar bulunabilmektedir.
Çalışmada veriler kendi bildirimi yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bütün dünyada cinsellik ve riskli cinsellikle ilişkili çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde veriler katılımcıların kendi bildirimleri yoluyla toplanmaktadır. Kendi bildirimi yöntemiyle toplanan verilerin ise sosyal beğenirlikten etkilenme olasılığı vardır. Cumhuriyet döneminde kadınlar lehinde önemli değişiklikler yapılmış olmasına karşın halen erkek egemenliğinin devam ettiği Türkiye’de, erkekler cinsel ilişkilerini abartma, kadınlar ise olduğundan daha az gösterme eğiliminde olabilirler. Diğer taraftan, ilişkiden önce yasa dışı uyuşturucu madde kullanımı sıklığını soran risk maddesini, kaygıları nedeniyle katılımcıların bir kısmının doğru yanıtlamayarak uyuşturucu kullanımlarını düşük göstermeleri olasılığı vardır.
128 ÖZET
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan karşıt cinsel erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin riskli cinsel davranışlarının hangi değişkenler tarafından ve hangi oranlarda belirlendiğini ortaya koymaktır.
Çalışmanın örneklemi Ankara Üniveristesi ve ODTÜ’de okuyan 382 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Çalışmada demografik sorulara ek olarak Cinsel Heyecan Arama Ölçeği, Cinsel Risk Alma Ölçeği, Dinsel Tutum Ölçeği, AIDS Bilgi Ölçeği, AIDS’ten Korunmada Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği, Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın bulgularına göre yaş, cinsel yolla AIDS dışında başka bir hastalığa maruz kalma ve AIDS testi olma değişkenleri cinsel risk alma davranışını olumlu yönde ve anlamlı olarak yordamıştır. Temel ölçeklerden cinsel heyecan arama ve erkeksilik cinsel riski olumlu ve anlamlı olarak yordayan diğer değişkenlerdir. Diğer bir deyişle, belirtilen değişkenler cinsel risk alma davranışını artırıcı etkiye sahiptir. İlk ilişkide kondom kullanma, AIDS’ten korunmada kondom kullanma öz-yeterliği ve kadınsılığın cinsel risk alma davranışını olumsuz yönde ve anlamlı olarak yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Diğer bir deyişle, belirtilen değişkenlerin cinsel risk alma davranışını azaltıcı etkileri vardır. AIDS bilgi düzeyi ve dinsel tutumun ise model üzerinde herhangi bir yordayıcı etkisi bulunmamıştır.
Bulgular, daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar ve ilişkili kuramlar çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
129
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate the variables influencing risky sexual behaviors of Turkish male heterosexual university students.
Participants consisted of 382 students who study at Ankara University and Middle East Technical University. As measurement instruments demographic questionnaire, Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, Sexual Risk Taking Scale, Religious Attitude Scale, AIDS Knowledge Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale for AIDS Prevention and Bem Sex-Role Inventory were used.
Results showed that participants’ age, having sexually transmitted disease other than AIDS, getting HIV test predicted sexual risk taking behavior positively.
Also, Sexual Sensation Seeking and masculinity sub-scale scores of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory also predicted sexual risk taking behavior positively. That is, these variables increase sexual risk taking behavior. Using condom in first intercourse, condom use self-efficacy scores of Self-Efficacy Scale for AIDS Prevention, and the feminity sub-scale of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory predicted sexual risk taking behavior negatively. In other words, these variables decrease sexual risk taking behavior. AIDS knowledge level and religious attitudes did not predict sexual risk taking behavior significantly.
Results discussed in accordance with the preexisting literature and theoretical approaches.
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