Tanzimat dönemi yönetim anlayışı

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(1)T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ. TANZİMAT DÖNEMİ YÖNETİM ANLAYIŞI. DOKTORA TEZİ Lütfi ÖZCAN. Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi. Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Musa EKEN. EKİM – 2013.

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(12) YH%DURQGH7RWW ................ 142 3.1.4. Sefirler ve 6HIDUHWQDPHOHUGH<|QHWLP$QOD\ÕúÕ .......................................... 144 3.1.4.1. Ahmed Resmi Efendi (1700-1783) ................................................. 148 3.1.4.2. Ahmed Azmi Efendi ....................................................................... 151 3.1.4.3. Ebubekir Ratip Efendi ..................................................................... 152 <XVXI$JkK(IHQGL.......................................................................... 155 3.1.4.5. Mahmud Raif Efendi ....................................................................... 157 0RUDOÕ6H\\LG$OL(IHQGL± Halet Efendi ve Seyyid Abdurrahim Muhib Efendi ............................................................. 158 3.1.5. III. Selim ve Nizam-Õ&HGLW .......................................................................... 161 ,,,6HOLP¶H6XQXODQ/D\LKDODU ........................................................ 164 $VNHUL$ODQGD,VODKDWdDEDODUÕ ....................................................... 167 <|QHWLP$ODQÕQGD,VODKDWdDEDODUÕ ................................................. 170 ,,0DKPXW'|QHPLQGHNL*HOLúPHOHU .......................................................... 178 6HQHGLøWWLIDN ................................................................................... 182 <|QHWLPGH0HUNH]LOHúPH ............................................................... 185. ii.

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(14) ........... 193 (÷LWLP$ODQÕQGD5HIRUPYH<XUWGÕúÕQDg÷UHQFL*|QGHULOPHVL ...... 195 7HYFLKDW8VXOQQ7HUNHGLOPHVLYH0HPXUODUD0DDú %D÷ODQPDVÕ ..................................................................................... 202 %DNDQOÕNODUÕQ.XUXOPDVÕ ................................................................. 202 dHúLWOL0HFOLVOHULQ2UWD\DdÕNÕúÕYH)RQNVL\RQODUÕ ......................... 206 8OHPDQÕQ*FQ.ÕUPD\D<|QHOLN%LU*LULúLP9DNÕIODUÕQ 'HYOHWOHúWLULOPHVL............................................................................ 208 %URNUDVL\L*oOHQGLUHQ*HOLúPHOHUGHQ%LUL2ODUDN0VDGHUH 8VXOQQ.DOGÕUÕOPDVÕ ................................................................... 211 7DQ]LPDW$ULIHVL0ÕVÕU0HVHOHVL± øQJLOL]7LFDUHW$QWODúPDVÕ .................... 212 %g/h07$1=ø0$7'g1(0ø<g1(7ø0'(<(1ø'(1<$3,/$10$ YH<g1(7ø0$1/$<,ù, ..................................................................... 215 7DQ]LPDW¶ÕQ$NW|UOHULQGH<|QHWLP$QOD\ÕúÕ ......................................................... 215 6DGÕN5ÕIDW3DúD -1858) ...................................................................... 216 4.1.1.1. Avrupa Ahvaline Dair Risale .......................................................... 220 øGkUH-L+NPHWLQ%D]Õ.DYkLG-L(VkVL\\HVLQL0XWD]DPPÕQ Risale .............................................................................................. 225 4.1.1.3. Risale-L$KOkNYH=H\O-i Risale-L$KOkN .......................................... 230 0XVWDID5HúLW3DúD -1858) .................................................................. 235 6XOWDQ$EGOPHFLG+DQ ............................................................................... 241 0HKPHG(PLQÆOL3DúD -1872) .......................................................... 243 ÆOL3DúD¶QÕQ*LULG/D\LKDVÕ ............................................................. 249 ÆOL3DúD¶QÕQ6L\DVL9DVL\\HWQkPHVL ............................................... 252 0HKPHG)XDG3DúD -1869) ................................................................. 258 $KPHG&HYGHW3DúD -1895) ................................................................ 265 4.2. 7DQ]LPDW¶ÕQ$QD)LNUL ............................................................................................ 270 &DQ0DOYH1DPXV*YHQOL÷L ..................................................................... 277 4.2.2. Vergide Adalet ............................................................................................. 277 4.2.3. Askerlik Meselesi ......................................................................................... 278 4..ÕUÕP6DYDúÕ- 3DULV%DUÕú$QWODúPDVÕYH,VODKDW)HUPDQÕ .................................... 279 '|QHPLQøGHRORMLVL2VPDQOÕOÕN ............................................................................. 285 7DQ]LPDW¶ÕQ<|QHWLP3ROLWLNDODUÕQD<DQVÕPDVÕ ..................................................... 287 0DOL$ODQGD']HQOHPHdDEDODUÕ0XKDVVÕOOÕN'HQHPHVLYHøPDU Meclisleri ...................................................................................................... 288. iii.

(15) 0ONLøGDUHGH<HQLGHQ<DSÕODQPD .............................................................. 294 4.5.2.1. 1861 Cebel-L/EQDQ1L]DPQDPHVL ................................................ 297 øGDUH-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi ................................................. 305 4.5.2.3. 1871 øGDUH-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi ................................................. 310 7DQ]LPDW¶WD(÷LWLP.XUXPODUÕYH(÷LWLP3ROLWLNDODUÕ ................................. 310 4.5.3.1. Mekteb-L6XOWDQv *DODWDVDUD\/LVHVL

(16) ............................................. 315 4.5.3.2. 1869 Maarifi Umumiye Nizamnamesi ............................................ 317 'DUOIQXQ.XUPDdDEDODUÕYH<XUWGÕúÕQDg÷UHQFL *|QGHULlmesi .................................................................................. 318 4.5.3.4. Mekteb-L0ONL\H............................................................................ 320 (QGHUXQ0HNWHEL¶QLQ,VODKÕ............................................................. 324 *D\ULPVOLP&HPDDWOHULQ2NXOODUÕ ................................................. 326 4.5.4. Tanzimat Meclisleri ..................................................................................... 328 4.5.4.1. Meclis-L9kOk\-Õ$KNkP-Õ$GOL\H ................................................... 328 4.5.4.2. Meclis-LÆOL-i Tanzimat ................................................................... 330 ùUk-\Õ'HYOHW ................................................................................. 331 <DUJÕGD']HQOHPHYHùH\KOLVODPOÕN.XUXPX ......................................... 333 6218d. .................................................................................................................. 336. .$<1$.d$ ............................................................................................................... 343 g=*(d0øù ................................................................................................................. 365. iv.

(17) g=(7. S$h6RV\DO Bilimler (QVWLWV. Doktora Tez gzeti. Tezin BaúlÕ÷Õ: Tanzimat '|QHPL<|QHWLP$QOD\ÕúÕ Tezin YazarÕ: /WILg=&$1. DanÕúman: Prof.Dr.Musa EKEN. Kabul Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2013. Sayfa SayÕsÕ: vii |QkÕsÕm) +365 (tez). AnabilimdalÕ: Siy. Bil. ve .DPX<|QHWLPL. BilimdalÕ: Siy. Bil. ve .DPX<|QHWLPL. .DPX \|QHWLPL JHQHO DQODPGD \|QHWLPLQ |]HO ELU ELoLPLGLU YH <]\ÕO, kamu \|QHWLPL DoÕVÕQGDQ ELU G|QP QRNWDVÕ QLWHOL÷LQGHGLU. %X \]\ÕOGD $YUXSD¶GD PHUNH]L\HWoLOLN ONH NDPX \|QHWLPOHULQLQ JHQHO NDUDNWHULVWL÷L ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU. $YUXSD¶\ÕEXPHUNH]L\HWoLOL÷HWDúÕ\DQHWPHQOHULVHHNRQRPLNDODQGDPHUNDQWLOL]P YH RQXQ \|QHWLPH \DQVÕ\DQ VRQXFX NDPHUDOL]Pdir. %XQODUÕQ \DQÕQGD )UDQVÕ] øKWLODOL¶QLQ HWNLVL GDKD E\N ROPXúWXU $YUXSD¶GDNL EX GXUXP NDoÕQÕOPD] ELU úHNLOGH 2VPDQOÕ GHYOHWLQL GH HWNLOHPLúWLU *HUHN EX HWNLOHQPH VRQXFX JHUHNVH GHYOHWLQ LoLQGH EXOXQGX÷X ]RU úDUWODU ELUWDNÕP UHIRUP oDEDODUÕQÕ V|] NRQXVX HWPLúWLU 'HYOHWLQ HVNL JFQ ND\EHWPHVL NXUXPODUÕQGD \DúDQDQ GH÷LúLP VDQFÕVÕ YH$YUXSDOÕGHYOHWOHULQEDVNÕVÕ2VPDQOÕ¶\ÕELUKD\OL]RUGXUXPDVRNPXúWXU øoLQGH EXOXQGX÷X ]RU úDUWODUD o|]P EXOPDN YH GÕú EDVNÕODUÕQ HWNLVLQL EHUWDUDI HWPHN DPDFÕ\OD 2VPDQOÕ GHYOHW ULFDOL UHIRUP oDOÕúPDODUÕQD JLULúPLúWLU 5HIRUP SROLWLNDODUÕQÕQ JHQHO NDUDNWHULVWL÷LQLQ PHUNH]L\HWoLOLN ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU )DNDW EX PHUNH]L\HWoLOLN VDGHFH ELU |UQHN DOPD GH÷LO øPSDUDWRUOX÷D |]J |]HOOLNOHU J|VWHUHQELUPHUNH]L\HWoLOLNWLU%XDúDPDGDEXSROLWLNDODUÕ belirleyenler kimlerdir? +DQJL GúQFH YH PDNVDWODUOD UHIRUPODUÕ JHUoHNOHúWLUPLúOHUGLU" (WNLOHQPLú ROGXNODUÕ ROD\ODU YH GúQFHOHU QHOHUGLU" 6L\DVL DQODPGD YH GÕú LOLúNLOHU DODQÕnda GDKD oRN øQJLOWHUH LOH PXKDWDS ROXQPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ QLoLQ \|QHWVHO DODQGD )UDQVÕ] 0HUNH]L\HWoLOL÷L UHIRUPODUGD D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQÕ KLVVHWWLUPHNWHGLU" %X VRUXODUÕQ FHYDEÕ úSKHVL] ]DPDQÕQ UHIRUP oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕ \DSDQ NDUDUODUÕ DODQ YH X\JXOD\DQ GHYOHW DGDPODUÕQÕQ\|QHWLPDQOD\ÕúODUÕQÕQRUWD\DNRQXOPDVÕQGD\DWPDNWDGÕU Bu noktadan hareketle, oDOÕúPDGD|QFHOLNOH)UDQVD¶GDVL\DVDOYH\|QHWVHODQODPGD \DúDQDQ JHOLúPHOHU HOH DOÕQPÕúWÕU 6RQUDVÕQGD LVH 2VPDQOÕ¶GD G|QHPLQ \|QHWLP DQOD\ÕúÕQÕ\D]PÕúROGXNODUÕHVHUOHUGHGLOHJHWLUHQGHYOHWDGDPODUÕ]HULQGHQNODVLN G|QHPGHPRGHUQVLVWHPHJHoLúVUHFLQGHYH7DQ]LPDWG|QHPLQGH\|QHWLPDQOD\ÕúÕ ]HULQGHGXUXOPXúWXU. Anahtar Kelimeler: .DPX\|QHWLPL0HUNH]L\HWoLOLN7DQ]LPDW5HIRUP v.

(18) SUMMA RY. Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences. Abstract of PhD Thesis. Title of the Thesis: Administration Thought in the Period of Tanzimat Author:/WILg=&$1. Supervisor:Prof.Dr.Musa EKEN. Date: 10 October 2012. Nu.ofpages:vii (pre text)+365 (main body). Department:Pol. Sci. and Public Adm. Subfield: Pol. Sci. and Public Adm.. Public administration is a special form of management in general and 19th Century was a turning point in terms of public administration. Centralization has been the general characteristic of this century in terms of national public administrations in Europe. As for centralization in Europe with the factors mercantilism in economic area and its reflection to administration area have been cameralism. In addition to these French Revolution effects were greater. This situation in Europe inevitably affected the Ottoman Empire. Some reform efforts has question both as a result of this involvement and the difficult conditions in state. Loss of former power of the state, throes of change in institutions and pressure from European states put into a great deal of difficult situation Ottoman Empire. Find a solution to the difficult conditions and in order to eliminate the effect of external pressure the Ottoman government embarked on reform efforts dignitaries. Centralization is seen as the characteristics of the reform policies. But this is not just a sampling of centralism, but centralism showing the features specific to the Empire. So at this stage, Who are the policy makers at this stage? With which thoughts and purposes they carried out the reforms? What are events and thoughts they influenced by? Despite having more relations with Britain in the political sense and in the field of external relations, why French centralism felt the weight in administrative reforms? Without a doubt the answers of these questions lies in to prove, statesmen administration approaches who took decision and implemented in the reform movement. Based on this point, in the current study, we firstly addressed the political and administrative developments in France. Then secondly we elaborated the administrative perspective of the classical, transition to modern system and the Tanzimat periods, in Ottoman Empire. We will deal with this topic through the written works of statesmen.. Keywords:PublicAdministration, Centralism, Tanzimat, Reform. vi.

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