Adalet Vurgusu

7DULKVHO VUHo LoHULVLQGH W|UH\H \DQL NDQXQ YH QL]DPD ED÷OÕOÕN YH øVODPL\HW¶LQ NDEXO edilmesi ile birlikte, toplumXQYHGHYOHWLQLúOH\LúPHNDQL]PDVÕQGD|QHPOLELU\HUWXWDQ

80

KNPGDUÕQPHúUXL\HWLQLQWHPHOLRODQ³DGDOHW´NDYUDPÕQDYHULOHQ|QHPEDúWD2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL ROPDN ]HUH 7UN-øVODP GHYOHWOHULQLQ RUWDN |]HOOL÷L ROPXú YH \|QHWLP GúQFHOHULQGHPHUNH]LELUNRQXPND]DQPÕúWÕU 6L\DVHWQkPHOHUGH ve nasihatnamelerde VÕNoD YXUJXODQDQ YH GHYOHW \|QHWLPLQLQ HVDVÕ RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ ³adalet´ NDYUDPÕ \D]ÕOÕHVHUEÕUDNDQGHYOHWDGDPODUÕQÕQGD]HULQGH|QHPOHGXUGXNODUÕELUNRQXROPXúWXU *HOHQHNVHO 'R÷X GHYOHW DQOD\ÕúÕQD J|UH ELU GHYOHWL D\DNWD WXWDQ SUHQVLSOHULQ EDúÕQGD gelen adalet, UHD\D\Õ \|QHWLFLOHULQ yetkilerini N|W\H NXOODQPDODUD NDUúÕ NRUXPDN DQODPÕQD gelir. Zira adaletsiz uygulamalar sonucunda UHD\DQÕQ IDNLUOHúPHVL YH\D GD÷ÕOPDVÕ GHYOHWLQ JHOLU ND\QDNODUÕQÕ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕU YH JHOLUVLz bir devlet de ayakta duramaz øQDOFÕN-324). %DúNDELULIDGH\OHL\LELUVL\DVHWKNPGDUÕQúDKVL DKOkNL PH]L\HWOHULQH GD\DQPDNWDGÕU +NPGDU LQVDIOÕ \XPXúDN YH DIIHGLFL ELU karaktere sahip LVH DGLO ELU \|QHWLP ROXúWurmak PPNQGU %X QHGHQOH DKOkk VL\DVHWWHQ D\UÕOPD] YH VL\DVHWQDPHOHU GH ELUHU DKOkN NLWDEÕ ELU DKOkNL |÷WOHU GHUJLVL niteOL÷LQGHGLUøQDOFÕN

7UN øVODP 'HYOHW JHOHQH÷LQLQ |QHPOL VL\DVHWQDPH HVHUOHULQGHQ RODQ YH 1069/1070 \ÕOÕQGDYusuf Has Hacib WDUDIÕQGDQ.DUDKDQOÕKNPGDUÕ7DEJDo%X÷UD+DQ¶Dsunulan .XWDGJX%LOLJ¶GH(Mutluluk Veren Bilgi) GHDGDOHWNRQXVXQDGH÷LQLOPLúWLUBu eserde <XVXI +DV +DFLE ELU KNPGDUÕQ D÷]ÕQGDQ DGDOHWOL ELU \|QHWLPLQ QDVÕO ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQLDQODWPDNWDGÕU (1994: 70):

øVWHU R÷OXP LVWHU \DNÕQÕP YH\D KÕVÕPÕP ROVXQ LVWHU \ROFX JHoLFL LVWHU PLVDILU olsun;

.DQXQ NDUúÕVÕQGD EHQLP LoLQ EXQODUÕQ KHSVL ELUGLU KNP YHULUNHQ KLoELUL EHQL IDUNOÕEXOPD] %XEH\OL÷LQWHPHOLGR÷UXOXNWXUEH\OHUGR÷UXROXUVDGQ\DKX]XUDNDYXúXU $NÕOOÕLQVDQEXQDEHQ]HUELUV|]V|\OHPLúWLUNLPDNÕOOÕLQVDQÕQV|]QWXWDUVDLú yoluna girer. %H\OL÷LQWHPHOLGR÷UXOXN]HULQHNXUXOPXúWXUGR÷UXOXN\ROXEH\OL÷LQHVDVÕGÕU %H\GR÷UXROXUYHONH\HE|\OHKNPHGHUVHEWQGLOHNOHULQHNDYXúXU.

%X EH\LWOHUGHQ DQODúÕOGÕ÷Õ ]HUH, <XVXI +DV +DFLE DGDOHWLQ WHPHOLQL \|QHWilenler DUDVÕQGDD\UÕP\DSPDPDNYH GR÷UXOXNWDQD\UÕOPDPDN RODUDNWDQÕPODPDNWDGÕU$\UÕFD DGLOYHGR÷UXOXNWDQúDúPD\DQ\|QHWLFLOHULQYDUOÕ÷ÕQÕQGQ\D\ÕKX]XUDHUGLUHcH÷LQLLIDGH etmektedir.

81 0HPOHNHWWXWPDNLoLQoRNDVNHUYHRUGXOD]ÕPGÕUDVNHULEHVOHPHNLoLQGHoRNPDO YHVHUYHWHLKWL\DoYDUGÕU %XPDOÕHOGHHWPHNLoLQKDONÕQ]HQJLQROPDVÕJHUHNWLUKDONÕQ]HQJLQROPDVÕLoLQ GHGR÷UXNDQXQODUNRQXOPDOÕGÕU %XQODUGDQELULLKPDOHGLOLUVHG|UGGHNDOÕUG|UGELUGHQLKPDOHGLOLUVHEH\OLN o|]OPH÷H\]WXWDU

bH\LWOHULQGH $GDOHW 'DLUHVL¶QGHQ EDKVHWWL÷LQL J|UPHNWH\L] %X DGDOHW GDLUHVLQLQ G|UW WHPHO XQVXUX YDUGÕU 2rdu, servet, halk ve devlet <XVXI +DV +DFLE¶H J|UH EXQODU DUDVÕQGDNLED÷ODQWÕNRSDUVDGHYOHWGHo|]OHFHNWLU

<LQH 7UN-øVODP 'HYOHW JHOHQH÷L KDNNÕQGD ELOJL VDKLEL ROGX÷XPX] |QHPOL HVHUOHUGHQ 6HOoXNOX6XOWDQÕ0HOLNúDK¶DVXQXODQve 1077-\ÕOODUÕDUDVÕQGDQ\D]ÕODQ1L]DP¶O-PON¶Q6L\DVHW-QDPHDGOÕHVHULQGHGHVÕNVÕNadalet konusu vurgulanPÕúWÕU1L]DP¶O-PONHVHULQEDúODQJÕFÕQGD(1999: 8), $OODK¶ÕQUÕ]DVÕQÕQKDOND\DSÕODQLKVDQYHDGDOHWLOH HOGH HGLOHFH÷LQL DGDOHW LOH \|QHWilen KDONÕQ \DSDFD÷Õ GXDQÕQ GHYOHWLQ GHYDPOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ VD÷OD\DFD÷ÕQÕ YH \|QHWLFLQLQ GH E|\OHOLNOH KHP EX GQ\DGD DGDOHWL\OH QDP VDODFD÷ÕQÕ KHP GH |WHNL GQ\DGD KHVDEÕQÕQ GDKD NROD\ RODFD÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPHNWHGLU ³0ON NIUOH

GHYDP HGHU ]XOPOH GHYDP HWPH]´ kibar-Õ NHODPÕ2 LOH GH EX GúQFHVLQL

desteklemektedir.

7UN øVODP 'HYOHW JHOHQH÷LQLQ PLUDVoÕVÕ RODQ 2VPDQOÕ da $YUXSD¶QÕQ DNVLQH WHPHO hedefleri DUDVÕQD UHWLP SDUD KUUL\HW YH HúLWOLN NDYUDPODUÕQGDQ ]L\DGH ³DGDOHW´ NDYUDPÕQÕ NR\PXúWXU dQN R GHYLUGHNL úDUWODU DOWÕQGD WRSOXPODUÕQ YH\D IHUWOHULQ HQ |QHPOL LKWL\DFÕ DGDOHWWL %X LWLEDUOD VL\DVHWHQ QL]DP-Õ kOHP SHúLQGH RODQ 2VPDQOÕ¶QÕQ NHQGL GQ\D G]HQLQL FD]LEH PHUNH]L KDOLQH JHWLUHELOPHN LoLQ DGDOHW YDDG HWPHVL YH GHYOHWLQ YDU ROXú VHEHELQL DGDOHWH GD\DQGÕUPDVÕ IHYNDOkGH DQODúÕOÕU ELU GXUXPGXU .RGDPDQ%XDQOD\ÕúWD³KkNLPL\HWDGDOHWLoLQGLUDGDOHWKkNLPL\HWLoLQGLUYH KkNLPL\HWLQ NH\Iv NXOODQÕPÕ DGDOHWVL]OLNWLU +kNLPL\HW DGDOHWL JHUoHNOHúWLUPHN LoLQ NXUXOXUDGDOHWKkNLPL\HWL\HUOHúWLULU´

2VPDQOÕ KkNLPL\HW DQOD\ÕúÕ LoHULVLQGH ³DGDOHW´WHQ DQODúÕODQ oD÷ÕPÕ]GDNL JLEL \DVDODU |QQGHHúLWOLNGH÷LOKL\HUDUúLNWRSOXPGDPVOLP-JD\ULPVOLPKHUNHVHKDNNÕQÕYHUPHN YH JoV]OHUL PHVHOD WNHWLFL\L YH NoN UHWLFL\L NRUXPDN GHPHNWLU $N\RO  125). AdalHWGDLUHVLQLQLúOHPHVLLoLQJoOELUKNPHWHED÷ÕPOÕOÕ÷ÕQYXUJXODQPDVÕYH

82

EX \|QGH IDDOL\HWOHUGH EXOXQXOPDVÕQD |QHP YHULOPLúWLU 'HYOHWLQ JoV]OHúPHVL\OH DGDOHW GDLUHVLQLQ LúOHYLQL ND\EHWPHVL DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNL ]HULQGH GXUXODQ KDVVDs NRQXODUGDQGÕU <ÕOPaz, 2002: 38). Ancak t|UH YH\D DGDOHWLQ X\JXODQPDVÕQÕQ GHYOHWLQ KNPGDUÕQHQ|QHPOLJ|UHYLRODUDN J|UOPHVLninEHONLGHoHOLúNLOLELUELoLPGHEX J|UHYLQ\HULQHJHWLULOHELOPHVLLoLQGHYOHWRWRULWHVLQLQYHVWQO÷QQWHVLVHGLOPHVLQLQ GDKD|QHPOLROGX÷XúHNOLQGHNLELUDQOD\ÕúD\RODoWÕ÷ÕV|\OHQHELOLUdÕQDU%X DQOD\ÕúÕQ HWNLVLQGHQ RODFDN NL VRQ G|QHP ÕVODKDW KDUHNHWlerLQGH GHPRNUDVL ND\JÕVÕ JGOPHPLúWLU

6RV\DOWDEDNDODUDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNLQLQG]HQOHQPHVLQGHHVDVDOÕQDQDGDOHWGDLUHVLQGHdin-devlet-WRSOXP LOLúNLVL IRQNVL\RQHO \DNODúÕPOD HOH DOÕQÕS DUDODUÕQGDNL ED÷ÕQ JHUHNOLOL÷L YXUJXODQÕUNHQ GHYOHW-din, din-DGDOHW ELUOLNWHOL÷LQLQ GH DOWÕ oL]LOPHNWHGLU dQN 2VPDQOÕVL\DVHWGúQFHVLQGHGHYOHWLQGHYDPÕLoLQDGDOHWDGDOHWLQWHFHOOLVLLoLn de din YD]JHoLOPH] ELU ROJXGXU <ÕOPD] 2002: 38). 2VPDQOÕ¶GD GLQ-devlet-KXNXN LOLúNLOHULQL LQFHOHUNHQ DQDKWDU NDYUDP ³NDQXQQDPH´GLU 3DGLúDKÕQ VL\DVL Rtoritesine dayanarak oÕNDUGÕ÷ÕNDQXQODUÕQWRSODQGÕ÷ÕGHUOHPHOHUHNDQXQQDPHGHQLOLU%XQODUODROXúDQKXkuka GD ³|UIv KXNXN´ ³NDQXQ-Õ 2VPDQv´ ³|UI-L VXOWDQv´ ve ³HPU-L KDNDQv´ JLEL DGODU verilmektHGLU 2VPDQOÕ¶GD EX |UIv KXNXN NDQXQ \D GD NDQXQQDPH DGÕ\OD \D]ÕOÕ KDOH JHWLULOPLúWLU YH úH\KOLVODP GD EXQODUD X\PDN ]RUXQGDGÕU dQN 2VPDQOÕ¶GD VL\DVL otorite GLQvRWRULWHGHQVWQGU$N\RO

2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QGH FH]D NDQXQQDPHVL KNPOHUL EWQ LPSDUDWRUOX÷X YH KHU VÕQÕIÕ LoHUHQJHQHOELUNDQXQGXU)DNDWJHQHOOLNOHYHUJLOHUE|OJHGHQE|OJH\HYHD\UÕKXNXNL VWDW\HWDEL JUXSODUDJ|UHGH÷LúPHNWHROXS YHUJLNDQXQODUÕ \HUHO|UIL]OHPLúWLU. Ceza NDQXQQDPHVLQLQWHNYHJHQHOROXúXøVODPKXNXNXQGDJHQHOXN€EkWFH]DDQOD\ÕúÕQGDQ GR÷PXúWXUøQDOFÕN235-236).

2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWLDGDOHWLVLVWHPLQKHPKDUHNHWQRNWDVÕRODUDNDOPÕúKHPGHVLVWHPLQLQ merkeziQH NR\PXúWXU 1LWHNLP EX GúQFH GDKD RQG|UGQF \]\ÕO \D]DUODUÕQGDQ

ùH\KR÷OX0XVWDID¶GD³SkGLúkKOÕNEkNvROXUNIU-LOHDGOROÕcDNYHLOOkEkNLROPD]vPkQ-ÕOD ]XOP ROÕFDN´ LIDGHVLQGH NHQGLQL EXOPDNWDGÕU 'L÷HU ELU LIDGH\OH DGDOHW ROGX÷X

takdirde NkILU bLUGHYOHWELOHYDUOÕ÷ÕQÕVUGUHELOLUODNLQDGDOHWHULD\HWHWPH\HQYH]XOPH VDSDQ]DOLPELUGHYOHW0VOPDQGDKLROVD\ÕNÕOPD\DPDKN€PGXU (Unan, 2007: 105).

83

.ÕQDOÕ]DGH $OL (IHQGL¶QLQ (IODWXQ 3ODWRQ $ULVWR YH )DUDEL JLEL ILOR]RIODUÕQ GúQFHOHULQH GH \HU YHUGL÷L KHP WRSOXPVDO KHP GH VL\DVDO YH \|QHWVHO DODQODUGD DKOkNÕQ |QHPLQGHQ EDKVHWWL÷L 'HYOHW YH $LOH $KOkNÕ DGOÕ RQDOWÕQFÕ \]\ÕOÕQ LNLQFL \DUÕVÕQGD KD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ oDOÕúPDVÕQGD DGDOHW NRQXVXQD GH÷LQGL÷L J|UOPHNWHGLU .ÕQDOÕ]DGH¶\HJ|UH (T. Y : 283),

AdDOHWEWQGQ\DQÕQG]HQLQLWHPLQHGHU+DONÕLGDUHDOWÕQDFLKDQSDGLúDKÕQÕQ DGDOHWL DOÕU 0DOÕ ELUDUD\D JHWLUHQ DQFDN KDONWÕU 2UGX\X DQFDN PDO D\DNWD WXWDU 0ONDQFDNRUGXLOH]DSWHGLOLU$OODKNDQXQXQXDQFDNPHOLNGHYOHWEDúNDQÕNRUXU 'HYOHWLQ Qk]ÕPÕ QL]DPÕQÕ NXUDQ $OODK NDQXQXGXU &LKDQ GQ\D ELU ED÷GÕU GXYDUÕGHYOHWWLU

<DQL 'HYOHWLQ QL]DPÕ $OODK¶ÕQ NDQXQX úHULDW LOH ROXU GHYOHW DQFDN RUGX LOH NRUXQXU IDNDWRUGXGDPDOLOHD\DNWDGXUXUPDOÕELUDUD\DJHWLUHFHNRODQKDONWÕU+DONÕELUarada WXWDFDNYHG]HQLVD÷OD\DFDNRODQGDSDGLúDKWÕUYHSDGLúDKÕQDGDOHWOLROPDVÕJHUHNLU $\QÕGúQFHOHULQ.RoL%H\WDUDIÕQGDQGDGLOHJHWLULOGL÷LQL³.IULOHGQ\Ddurur zulm

LOH GXUPD]´ .RoL %H\ 1972: 47) ve ³$GDOHW |PUQ X]XQOX÷XQD VHEHSWLU )XNDUa DKYDOLQLQ G]HQL SDGLúDKODUÕQ FHQQHWOLN ROPDVÕQD VHEHS ROXU´ .RoL %H\ 1972: 47)

V|]OHULLOHJ|UPHNWH\L] %XQXQLoLQ³DGDOHWPONQWHPHOLGLU´LONHVL\|QHWLPDQOD\ÕúÕQÕQ YHFL]ELULIDGHVLRODUDN]LKLQOHUH\HUHWPLúWLU%L]DQVøPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶nun ve BalkanODUÕQ DQDUúLLoLQGHROGX÷XELUG|QHPGH2VPDQOÕIWKDWÕQÕQKÕ]ODLOHUOHPHVLQGHYHVÕQÕUODUÕQÕQ JHQLúOHPHVLQGH 2VPDQOÕ DGDOHWLQLQ |QHPOL ELU URO R\QDGÕ÷Õ NDEXO HGLOHQ ELU KXVXVWXU (Kodaman, 2007: 3).