LAURENCE STERNE
Sterne was born in Ireland in 1713.
He was not a prolific writer. His works are:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy (1760-1767) A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy (1768) Tristram Shandy, which is very unconventional in
terms of style, anticipated in many ways the
experiments in fiction undertaken by many modern and contemporary writers (lack of a plot, digressions,
stylistic novelty)
The novel is separated into nine volumes, which were written over a period of seven years beginning in 1760.
It is narrated in the first person by Tristram Shandy himself.
The novel, as the title suggests, is about the life of
Tristram Shandy. Yet, there is very little conventional
detail regarding the life of Tristram. His birth is not
described until the third volume.
Therefore, it is hardly a bildungsroman = a novel about the moral, psychological and intellectual development of a youthful
protagonist.
Tristram Shandy is considered a comic masterpiece which consists of some of the finest and most memorable character portrayals (e.g. Tristram’s father Walter Shandy and Uncle Toby) in English
literature.
The characters also reveal a depth of feeling and psychological
understanding uncommon for literature of
the period.
What makes Tristram Shandy an experimental and
unconventional novel compared to the previous and subsequent fictional narratives could be listed as follows:
1) There is not an exact plot.
2) There is no chronological order. His narrative refuses to follow “a tolerable straight line”.
3) The author hinders all movement: just when we think a story is about to develop, Sterne introduces an incredible digression -
- a long piece of Latin (with translation on the opposite page)
- a blank sheet
- a page with a marbled design (a decorative pattern) on it.
4) The author breaks the rules of language and punctuation. He does not use speech marks (“…”),instead he uses (―), and
asterisks (*).
In Volume 1 Tristram states that “in writing what I have set about, I shall confine
myself neither to his rules, nor to any
man’s rules that ever lived”.
By presenting a narrative that is not
confined to any rules, Sterne in Tristram Shandy offers a graphic representation of the disordered workings of the mind.
Sterne was convinced that the mind’s
workings are essentially irrational.
Sterne suggested that human nature and the workings of the individual mind can never be fully known.
In writing a novel which challenges the conventional plot line, Sterne
acknowledges and shows the difficulty of representing the workings of inner
consciousness.
Chapter 21
— I WONDER what's all that noise, and running backwards and forwards for, above stairs, quoth my father, addressing himself, after an hour and a half's silence, to my uncle
Toby, — who, you must know, was sitting on the opposite side of the fire, smoking his social pipe all the time, in mute contemplation of a new pair of black plush breeches which
he had got on:
56 TRISTRAM SHANDY book i
began to patronize the notion, and more fully explained it
to the world in one or two of his Spectators; — but the dis- covery was not his. — Then, fourthly and lastly, that this
strange irregularity in our climate, producing so strange an irregularity in our characters, — doth thereby, in some sort, make us amends, by giving us somewhat to make us merry with when the weather will not suffer us to go out of doors,
— that observation is my own; — and was struck out by me this very rainy day, March 26, 1759, and betwixt the hours of nine and ten in the morning.