The liver is the largest gland structure in the body. The size and weight is different among mammals
It is reddish-brown colored in healthy.
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LIVER (HEPAR)
The liver has a wide-range of function including ;
Haemopoietic (blood forming) organ of the fetus and relativly larger in fetal period.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
It synthesizes the plasma proteins for the body.
STORAGE
It storages the glicogen from the glucose, trigliserides from the fatty acids small amount of proteins and vitamins.
DETOXIFICATION
It converts the end toxic products of protein break-down as uric acid and urea. then helps to remove from the kidneys
SECRETION OF BILE
It produces bile from the blood for emulsificatin of lipids.
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Functions of The Liver
It locates in right hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity (epigastrium).
It rests just behind the diaphragm, and rib cage
It connects with the right kidney, the duodenum and the stomach from right to left in caudally.
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Position of The Liver
Facies diaphragmatica Area nuda
Facies visceralis Porta hepatis
Margo dorsalis
Sulcus venae cavae
Margo ventralis
Margo dexter
Margo sinister
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Gross Anatomy of The Liver
Lobus hepatis sinister Lobus intermedius Lobus hepatis dexter Lobus caudatus Lobus quadratus
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Lobes of the Liver
Lobus ( hepatis ) dexter
Lobus ( hepatis ) sinister
Lobus caudatus
proc.papillaris (absent in sheep and goat) proc.caudatus
Lobus quadratus
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Lobes of the Liver in Ox
Lobus hepatis sinister
Lobus hepatis sinister lateralis Lobus hepatis sinister medialis
Lobus hepatis dexter
Lobus caudatus Proc.caudatus
Lobus quadratus
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Lobes of the Liver in Horse
Lobus hepatis sinister
Lobus hepatis sinister lateralis Lobus hepatis sinister medialis
Lobus hepatis dexter
Lobus hepatis dexter lateralis Lobus hepatis dexter medialis
Lobus caudatus Proc.caudatus
Proc.papillaris (absent in pig)
Lobus quadratus
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Lobes of the Liver in Dog and Pig
The liver is connected the neigbour structures by peritoneal extension;
Lig.coronarium
Lig.triangulare dextrum et sinistrum
Lig.falciforme hepatis
Lig.teres hepatis
Lig.hepatogastricum
Lig.hepatoduodenale
Lig.hepatorenale
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Ligaments of the Liver
A storage sac for the bile produced and secreted by the liver.
It is located on the visceral surface of the liver.
Equines and rats has no galbladder.
Ductus biliferi
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus communis
Ductus cysticus
Ductus choledochus
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The Gallbladder (Vesica Fella)
Pancreas is a glandular organ for the digestive and endocrine system.
Insulin and glucagon are the hormones produced by pancreas and circulate in the blood
The digestive enzymes inside the pancreatic juice empties to the duodenum via pancreatic ducts
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PANCREAS
It is located on the dorsal side of the cranial abdominal cavity. It has an extensive lobular
structure and fills the space between the liver, the stomach and the duodenum.
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Position of the Pancreas
Corpus pancreatis Incisura pancreatis
A.mesenterica cranialis et v.portae
Lobus pancreatis dexter
Lobus pancreatis sinister
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Anatomy of the Pancreas
Ductus pancreaticus (Human, eq, ca, fe, ov, cap); papilla duodeni major’a açılır. Equidae’de kalın carnivora’da incedir.
Ductus pancreaticus accessorius (Human, Eq, ca, bo, su); Papilla duodeni minor’a açılır.
Equidae’de ince, köpekte kalındır.
